Bacteria

What are Bacteria?

• They __________________________________.
• Occur _____________________________________, from tabletops to hot
geysers.
• Over ____________________________________________, NOT pathogenic
• Singular = __________________, plural = ________________

Structure
• All bacterial cells ______________________. This cell wall becomes important
for _________________ them. More on that later.
• Capsule – ________________________________. This protects the cell, and
keeps it from __________________.
• Nucleoid – contains the _________________________________ in a
____________form. There is often more DNA in the cell in the form of floating
___________________.
• Flagella – _______________________________ used for locomotion by some
bacteria.
• pilli – hairlike outgrowths that assist the ________________________________

Reproduction
• Bacteria do not reproduce ________________.

Two major methods of reproduction in bacteria are:

1. ________________________
2. ________________________

Binary Fission
• A copy of the ____________________ and then the outer membrane of the
__________________________________ the bacterium into two
_______________________

Conjugation
• One bacterium attaches ________________________ and introduces
_________________________________________. (there is transfer of DNA
from one bacterium to another)

Endospores
• during _________________________________________, bacteria enclosed in a
___________________________ (Ex. Tetanus)

Classifying Bacteria
• Three shapes:
• Rod (bacilli)
• Sphere (cocci)
• Spiral (spirilla)
Bacteria and your health
• _______________________________________:
Tetanus, botulism, Black Plague, Tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, Lyme disease, Strep
throat, Pneumonia, Anthrax, necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria), toxic shock
syndrome

Bacteria and your gut

• Estimate that you have ____________________________ cells in your gut.
• Bacteria make up ___________________________.
• There is enough _________________________________ there for the gut flora
to be called ________________.

strep throat, related bacteria causes

Streptococcus lactis
necrotizing fasciitis
found on skin, responsible for minor
Staphylococcus aureas
infections (like on cuts/scratches)
common lab bacteria, easy to grown,
Bacillus subtilis
unharmful
Bacillus tetani causes tetanus (lockjaw)
Bacillus botulism causes botulism (food poisoning)
Bacillus pestis causes Black Plague
Bacillus anthracis anthrax
Mycoplasmas very very tiny, cause of pneumonia
link between bacteria and viruses, can't
Rickettsia rickettsi reproduce outside host, causes Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever
E. Coli - common bacteria of the digestive
Escherichia coli
tract, also causes food poisoning