https://www.google.co.nz/search?

q=christchurch+earthquake+september+2010&espv=2&biw=1260&b
ih=642&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIr5
DvxbPxyAIVCNBjCh0sIALn&dpr=2#tbm=isch&q=christchurch+earthq
uake+houses&imgrc=KHuqyakBK3gByM%3A

Earthquake

http://moturoa.blogspot.co.nz/2010/09/christchurchearthquake.html

https://www.google.co.nz/search?
q=christchurch+earthquake+september+2010&espv
=2&biw=1260&bih=642&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMIr5DvxbPxyAIVCNBjCh0
sIALn#imgrc=L31PyRtfl83tJM%3A

https://www.google.co.nz/search?
q=christchurch+earthquake+september+2010&espv=2&biw=1
260&bih=642&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUo
AWoVChMIr5DvxbPxyAIVCNBjCh0sIALn&dpr=2#imgrc=w4dHs8hI

Recap: Structure of the Earth

http://www.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=https://mrcravenshis.wikispaces.com/file/view/Earthcutawaythinkquestsite.jpg/484611606/Earthcutawaythinkquestsite.jpg&imgrefurl=https://mrcravenshis.wikispaces.com/Bundle%2B10%2B-%2BEarth
%2B(Structure%2Band%2BFunction)&h=578&w=595&tbnid=EebU4ee36KrLGM:&docid=2ox7VPgD9s-

Recap: Continental Drift/Plate

Tectonics

http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/fdsci-201-4plate-tectonics-14-0113

Recap: Different Types of Plate Tectonic

Boundaries

https://www.google.co.nz/search?
q=Different+Types+of+Plate+Tectonic+Boundaries&es_sm=91&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMI09fvz7bx
yAIVQt9jCh1vVACi&biw=1260&bih=642#imgrc=ehb4wHqXxks_CM%3A

Learning Outcomes
1. To know the terms for earthquake:
Epicentre
Focus
Seismic Waves
Fault Lines specifically Greendale fault
2. To relate the terms to the Christchurch
in September 2010.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqZeHTDkE
64
056

http://www.geonet.org.nz/

The Modified-Mercalli Intensity scale is a twelve-stage scale,

numbered from I to XII. The lower numbers represent very
weak shaking, XII represents total destruction. IV indicates
shaking that is felt by most people.

Perceived
Shaking
Modified Mercalli Intensity
Extreme
Violent
Severe
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Light
Weak
Not Felt
Image courtesy of the US Geological Survey

USGS Estimated shaking Intensity from M7.0 Earthquake

Poster/PPT Topic (30min for Group

Work)

1. Explain difference of epicentre and focus.

2. Explain what seismic, P, S, Love, Rayleigh, body and surface

waves are? What is the relationship among them?
3. What is the faulty line? What are the main fault lines in NZ?
Explain what is Greendale Fault?
Articulate your groups idea towards questions above and try to
related to Christchurch Earthquake happened in Sep. 2010. And
then share your artifact with the class. The presentation is 5
min for each group.

References (optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZaI4MEWdc4
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-h
istory-topic/seismic-waves-tutorial/v/seismic-waves

Axial Belt in NI, Alpine Fault

in SI

http://www.standeyo.com/NEWS/06_Earth_C
hanges/06_Earth_Change_pics/060824.NZ.Al
pine.fault.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Fault
_System

Earthquakes in Subduction Zones

http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/Earthquakes/2/ENZResources/Standard/1/en#breadcrumbtop

Shallow earthquake distribution

Different Kinds of Seismic

Waves

http://ecoexploratorio.org/amenazas-naturales/terremotos/que-son-losterremotos/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_s
%C3%ADsmica

Group Presentation (5 min for each

group)

The focus is
where the
fault line first
breaks
The
epicentre is
where the
seismic
waves first
reach the
surface

A fault line is a fracture along which the crust

has moved.

http://www.suite101.com/content/canterbury-earthquakes-continue-a
302184

The Greendale Fault

The Darfield earthquake

http://www.christchurchquakemap.co.nz/T

The Greendale fault

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Npqx3WmNkv4

Wellington Fault
New Zealand's capital city lies
within the earthquake-generating
collision zone between two of the
Earth's great tectonic plates, and
sits on top of one of the zone's most
active geological faults - the
Wellington Fault.
The
Wellington
Fault
forms
distinctive
landscape
features
running right through the central
city. Intensive research has been
done to understand the nature of
the fault and the best ways to
reduce possible earthquake damage
and loss.

Alpine Fault
The Alpine Fault, which runs for about 600km up the spine of the
South Island, is one of the worlds major geological features. Its the
"on-land" boundary of the Pacific and Australian Plates.
Horizontal movement of the Alpine
Fault is about 30m per 1000 years
very fast by global standards.
Each time it has ruptured, it has
also moved vertically, lifting the
Southern Alps in the process.
The Alpine Fault has a high
probability (estimated at 30%) of
rupturing in the next 50 years. The
rupture will produce one of the
biggest
earthquakes
since
European
settlement
of
New
Zealand, and it will have a major

http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/ScienceTopics/Earthquakes/Major-Faults-in-New-Zealand/AlpineFault

The first wave you feel in

earthquake is the P wave
primary wave.

an
or

Fastest kind of seismic wave - about

20 000 km/hr.
Can move through solid rock and
fluids, like water or the liquid layers of
the earth.
Objects
forwards

move

in the direction
movement.
The second wave to arrive is the S
wave or secondary wave which
travels about 10 00 km/hr.
An S wave is slower than a P wave
and can only move through solid rock.
This wave moves rock up and down,
or side-to-side. The objects move at
90o to the direction of the wave
movement.

backwards
of

the

and
wave

Sometimes animals can hear the P

waves of an earthquake.
The roar that may precede an
earthquake is caused by P waves.

Quiz
1. What is A and B called?

2. What are the 2 types of

the body wave? Where one travels
faster?
3. Which fault line causes the
earthquake (Sep. 2010 Christchurch)?

Consequences of
Earthquake
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
TarcJZ0FR3M
What were the effects of the
earthquake on the local
infrastructure and people?
Think and share ideas with people besides you
in 10 min.

Magnitude 7.0 SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND

Friday, September 3, 2010 at 16:35:46 UTC

Reported on msnbc.com:
Authorities declared an overnight curfew for Saturday after a major earthquake hit
New Zealand's second-biggest city. Christchurch and its neighboring small towns bore
the full force of the quake, which brought down power lines and bridges and wrecked
roads and building facades. However, no deaths and only two injuries were reported.
Still, infrastructure damage was major, with "a lot of damage to our key
infrastructure ... water, waste water (sewerage) systems.
"The damage is immense, it's something that has affected every family, every
household...the hit on our infrastructure, the pipes that deliver the water, the waste
water, the bridges, the power supplies ... has been very significant," Christchurch
mayor Bob Parker told reporters.
Roads had been blocked by rubble, gas and water supplies disrupted, while chimneys
and walls had fallen from older buildings, Parker added. He warned that continuing
aftershocks could cause masonry to fall from damaged buildings.

Consequences of Earthquake
Earthquakes can destroy settlements
and kill many people. Aftershocks
can cause even more damage to an
area. It is possible to classify the
impacts of an earthquake, by taking
the following factors into account:
short-term (immediate) impacts
long-term
impacts
social impacts (the impact on
people)
economic impacts (the impact on
the
wealth
of
an
area)
environmental impacts (the impact
on the landscape)

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/05/
earthquake_damage_in_beichuan.html

 Effects are often classified as primary and

secondary impacts.
Primary effects occur as a direct result of
the ground shaking, eg buildings collapsing.
Secondary effects occur as a result of the
primary effects, eg tsunamis or fires due to
ruptured gas mains.

Why dis this happen?

Liquefaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4Uwxr42JqYQ

Liquefaction
https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJCidfj-x9M
Liquefaction occurs when soil loses its
strength and stiffness due to shaking by the
quake. It causes loose sandy soils in the
area to act as a liquid forcing water up to
the surface.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PwvvYxSZ7PI

http://www.vertekcpt.com/blog/cpt-dictionarysoil-liquefaction#.VjknKa4rJn4

Magnitude 7.0 SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND

Friday, September 3, 2010 at 16:35:46 UTC

This earthquake occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting within

the crust of the Pacific plate, near the eastern foothills of the
Southern Alps at the western edge of the Canterbury Plains. The
earthquake struck approximately 50 km to the west-northwest of
Christchurch, the largest population center in the region.

Google Earth mapping service

USGS

Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island

from http://www.amazingspace.co.nz/amazing/

 Silence reading at
http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/earthquake/ and the
paragraph below

This earthquake (Sep. 2010 Christchurch) occurred

as a result of strike-slip faulting within the crust of
the Pacific plate, near the eastern foothills of the
Southern Alps at the western edge of the Canterbury
Plains. The earthquake struck approximately 50 km
to the west-northwest of Christchurch, the largest
population center in the region.
Quiz (on a piece of paper):
1 Where is Canterbury region located?
2 The southward transition in the north Canterbury region
associated with ------, ------, and -----3. What happened under the ground cause the earth (Sep.
2010 Christchurch)?