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STU
TTE
NR
G
I
HISTORY OF CAUSALITY
CONFUSION
Psychological reaction to stress? (Blamed mothers)
Changed left-handedness (What about R-handed stutterers?)
Male fetus incompatibility with mother (Male childbearing?)
Imitating stuttering siblings (What about non-imitators)
Divorce / tumultuous home life (Normal home /fluent siblings?)
Talks faster than thinks (Thought always precedes speech)
Dropped on head as infant (Neurological possibility)
ELEVATING RISKS
Age at onset
After 3 years
Gender
Male
Advanced, delayed or
disordered
IF APPLIES TO CHILD
STUTTERING BIRDS
Human Speech
Hierarchically controlled
Repeater Song
BIRD THERAPY
Spontaneous repeater (stuttering) birds
were placed with two populations of Zebra Finches:
1. Birds with normal song
2. Other repeater birds
95%
38%
HYPOTHESIS:
Spontaneous repeaters can improve with tutoring
(Stuttering therapy is usually effective)
IN UTERO PREDISPOSITION
TO STUTTERING?
Some researchers suggest that a predisposition to stutter may
be present at birth.
During the course of speech acquisition, structures supporting
speech production may develop differently in children who
stutter compared to children who speak fluently.
In addition, the development of these structures and the
connectivity among them may differ in children who recover
from stuttering compared to those who continue to stutter into
adulthood.
STUTTERING IS NEUROLOGICAL
Stuttering occurs when vocal folds stop moving
Limbic system responds to fear and stress, sends message to
shut down breathing mechanism, closes vocal folds
Closed vocal folds stop breath, begin to spasm until person
gasping for air and has to breathe.
Facial and body tension are reactions to interruptions in
breathing.
Psychological aspect is negative response to stuttering.
STUTTERING EVALUATION
WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW?
History, family, onset, previous therapy, what works/doesnt, feared words
Current stuttering look and sound (frequency, duration of blocks, facial &
body tension/movement, talking vs. reading, speech sample
Their perception of & response to stuttering in many settings
Goals for fluency
Commitment to daily practice and acceptance of fluent speech
SpeechEasy: An
Option for Those
Who Stutter
SpeechEasy IS NOT
A cure
A one size fits all approach
A stand alone treatment option
For everyone
THE TECHNOLOGY
SpeechEasy Devices:
SpeechEasy WARRANTIES
60 day trial period
Every client has 60 days from the day they pick up their
custom device to try it in the real world. If, for whatever
reason, they decide to return the device, they receive a 90%
refund on the cost of the device.
1 year manufacturers warranty
Each SpeechEasy is covered by a one year manufacturer
warranty against mechanical defects. This does not cover
loss, theft, accident or negligence.
QUESTIONS?