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SEALES Y SISTEMAS
FT
z (t ) = ax (t ) + by(t )
Z ( j ) = aX ( j ) + bY ( j )
FS, 0
z (t ) = ax (t ) + by(t )
Z [k ] = aX [k ] + bY [k ]
DFFT
z [n ] = ax [n ] + by[n ]
Z (e j ) = aX (e j ) + bY (e j )
DFFS, 0
z [n ] = ax [n ] + by[n ]
Z [k ] = aX [k ] + bY [k ]
t
0
1/8
1/4
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
x(t)
1
t
0
1/8
y(t)
1
t
0
X [k ] =
sin k 0Ts
k
)=
1
sin k
k
4
1/4
Y [k ] =
sin k0Ts
k
)=
1
sin k
k
2
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
1 1
3 1
sin k +
sin k
2 k
4 2 k
2
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
j t
X ( j ) = x t e dt =
()
X ( j) =
x (t ) e
j t
dt =
x (t ) e
*
j t
dt
x (t ) e
j ( ) t
dt = X ( j )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
Forma Rectangular
Forma Polar
FT
X*(j)=X(j)
Re{X(j)}=Re{X(j)}
Im{X(j)}=Im{X(j)}
|X(j)|=|X(j)|
arg{X(j)}=arg{X(j)}
FS
X*[k]=X[k]
Re{X[k]}=Re{X[k]}
Im{X[k]}=Im{X[k]}
|X[k]|=|X[k]|
arg{X[k]}=arg{X[k]}
Re{X(ej)}=Re{X(ej)}
|X(ej)|=|X(ej)|
*(ej)=X(ej)
X
DTFT
Im{X(ej)}=Im{X(ej)} arg{X(ej)}=arg{X(ej)}
DTFS
Re{X(j)}=Re{X(j)}
Im{X(j)}=Im{X(j)}
X*[k]=X[k]
|X[k]|=|X[k]|
arg{X[k]}=arg{X[k]}
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
j t
j t
X ( j ) = x (t ) e dt = x (t ) e dt
X ( j) =
x (t ) e
j t
()
dt = x t e
j ( ) t
dt = X ( j)
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
Forma Rectangular
FT
X*(j)=X( j)
Re{X(j)}=-Re{X( j)}
Im{X(j)}=Im{X( j)}
FS
X*[k]=X[k]
Re{X[k]}=Re{X[k]}
Im{X[k]}=Im{X[k]}
DTFT
X*(ej)=X(ej)
Re{X(ej)}=Re{X(ej)}
Im{X(ej)}=Im{X(ej)}
DTFS
X*[k]=X[ k]
Re{X[k]}=Re{X[k]}
Im{X[k]}=Im{X[k]}
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
j t
j t
X ( j ) = x t e dt = x t e dt
()
()
()
j t
x t e dt =
X ( j) =
x ( t ) e
j ( ) t
dt
x ( ) e
X ( j) =
d = X ( j )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
FT
x (t )
X ( j );
Y ( j ) =
FT
y (t ) = x t t 0
Y ( j ) = ?
j t
y (t ) e dt =
x (t t )e
j t
dt
Y ( j) =
x ( )e
j +t0
j t
)
d = e 0
x ( ) e
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
( )
x (t t )
e
x [n n ]
e
x [n n ]
e
FT
x t t 0
e jt0 X ( j )
FS ,0
j k 0t 0
DTFT
DTFS, 0
j n 0
X [k ]
X (e j )
j k 0n 0
X [k ]
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
FT
y (t ) = ?
Y ( j ) = X j j
y (t ) =
1
1
Y ( j ) e j t d =
2
2
X ( j j ) e
j t
Cambio de variable =
y (t ) =
1
2
j ( + )t
d =
X ( j ) e
1 j t
e X ( j ) e j t d = e j t x ( t )
2
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
FT
e j t x (t )
X j j
FS ,
0
e jk00 t x (t )
X k k0
DTFT
e j n x[ n ]
X (e j ( ) )
DTFS,
0
e jk00 n x n n 0
X k k0
11/04/2013
( )
2 sin T
1, t < T
FT
x (t ) =
X ( j ) =
0, t > T
t
T
T
z(t)
z (t ) = x (t T )
t
0
2T
Z ( j ) = e j T X ( j ) = e j T
sin ( T )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
1,
x (t ) =
0,
t
t
FT
X ( j ) =
( )
sin
FT
e j 10t x (t )
X j j 10
Z ( j ) =
2
sin ( 10)
10
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11/04/2013
FT
y (t ) = x (at )
Y ( j ) = ?
Y ( j ) =
j t
y (t ) e dt =
x (a t )e
j t
dt
d
a
j
1
a d , a > 0
x
e
(
)
a
Y ( j ) =
1
j
x ( )e a d , a < 0
a
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
1
a
x( ) e
j
a
d =
1
X j
a a
t 1
0,
t >1
t 2
t >2
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
10
11/04/2013
t T1
t T1
FT
X ( j ) =
Como T1 = 1
X ( j ) =
2 sin( )
( ) = 2T sin c T
2 sin T1
= 2 sin c
t <2
t >2
FT
Y ( j ) =
2 sin(2 )
= 2 sin c
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
a
T
a
=
T
0
y (t ) = x (at )
Y [k ] =
y(t )e
jka0t
dt
T /a
x (a t )e
jka0t
dt
T /a
= at
d = a d t
Cambio de variable
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
11
11/04/2013
Y [k ] =
a
T
x ( )e
T
jk0
1
1
d =
a
T
x ( )e
jk0
d = X [k ]
0
y (t ) = x (at )
Y [k ] = X [k ], a > 0
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
x z [ n ] = 0, excepto si
xz[n]
n
es entero
p
p=3
9
9
6
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
12
11/04/2013
z[ n ] e
j n
n =
[p n ]e
j n
n =
m = p n
Cambio de variable: n = m ;
Z (e j ) =
x [ m] e
z
m
p
m =
j
= X z e p
X (e j )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
0
x z [pn ] = z[ n ]
Z [k ] = pX z [k ], p > 0
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
13
11/04/2013
x (t ) =
1
2
X ( j ) e
j t
dx (t )
1
=
dt
2
j X ( j ) e
j t
d = j X ( j )
0
x (t )
X [k ]
x (t ) =
X [k ] e
jk0 t
k =
dx (t )
= jk0 X [k ] e jk0 t = jk0 X [k ]
dt
k =
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
14
11/04/2013
x (t ) e
X ( j ) =
j t
dt
jt x (t ) e
j t
dt
FT
jtx (t )
dX ( j )
d
Derivar en el dominio de la frecuencia es equivalente a multiplicar por
en el dominio del tiempo por jt
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
X (e j )
X (e j ) =
x[ n ] e
jn
n =
jn x[ n ] e
j n
n =
DTFT
jn x[ n ]
dX (e j )
d
15
11/04/2013
y (t ) =
x( ) d
d y (t )
dt
= x (t )
Y ( j ) =
1
X ( j )
j
y (t )
d t (FT no converge)
x ( ) d j X ( j ) + X ( j 0) ( )
FT
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
16
11/04/2013
u (t ) =
( ) d
U ( j ) =
1
1
1 + 1 ( ) =
+ ( )
j
j
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
1,
sign (t ) = 0,
1,
t<0
t=0
t>0
1
FT
( )
2
FT
s (t )
S ( j );
ds ( t )
dt
ds (t )
dt
FT
jS ( j )
= 2 (t ); j S ( j ) = 2
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
17
11/04/2013
1
j
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
x [k ]
k =
x[ n ] = y[ n ] y n 1
DTFT
x[ n ]
X (e j ) = 1 e j Y (e j )
DTFT
y[ n ]
Y (e j ) =
X (e j )
+ X (e j 0 ) ( );
1 e j
DTFT
y[ n ]
Y (e j ) =
X (e j )
j0
+
X
(
e
)
k 2
1 e j
k =
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
18
11/04/2013
h( ) x (t )d
y (t ) = h (t ) x (t ) =
1
x t =
2
( )
X ( j ) e
( ) d
j t
y (t ) =
h( )
y (t ) =
1
2
1
2
X ( j ) e
( ) d d
j t
h( ) e
d X ( j ) e jtd
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
1
2
H ( j ) X ( j )e
jt
FT
y (t ) = h (t ) x (t )
Y ( j ) = H ( j ) X ( j )
X (e j ); h[ n ]
H (e j )
DTFT
y[ n ] = h[ n ] x [ n ]
Y (e j ) = H (e j ) X (e j )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
19
11/04/2013
1
2
X ( j ) e
j t
1
y (t ) =
Y ( j ) e j t d
1
2
X ( j )Y ( j )e
) d d
j + t
= +
=
Cambio de variable:
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
z (t ) =
1
2
X ( j )Y j j d e j t d
1
2
z (t ) =
(X ( j ) Y ( j ))e
FT
z (t ) = x (t ) y (t )
Z ( j ) =
j t
1
X ( j ) Y ( j )
2
1
X (e j ) Y (e j )
2
X (e j )Y (e j ( ) ) d
DTFT
z[ n ] = x[ n ] y[ n ]
Z (e j ) =
X (e j ) Y (e j ) =
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
20
11/04/2013
( )
Y [k ]e j k0 (t ) d =
Y [k ]e
j k0 t
k =
x( ) e
k =
j k0
d =
X [k ]Y [k ]e
=T
jk0t
k =
x( )
z (t ) =
Y [k ]e
j k0 t
k =
=T
X [k ]Y [k ]e
j k0 t
k =
FS ,
0
z (t ) = x (t ) y (t )
Z [k ] = T X [k ]Y [k ]
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
x [k ] y[n k ];
z [ n ] = x [ n ] y[ n ] =
y[ n ] =
k= N
z[ n ] =
Y [k ]e
k= N
l= N
j k 0 n
x [l ]e
k= N
=
j k0 l
j k0 n
e
=
j k0 l
l= N
Y [k ] X [k ]e
=N
jk0t
k= N
x [l ] y[n l ] = x [l ] Y [k ]e
l= N
Y [k ]e
j k0 n
k= N
DTFS,
0
z[ n ] = x[ n ] y[ n ]
Z [k ] = N X [k ]Y [k ]
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
21
11/04/2013
z (t ) = x (t ) y (t ) =
X[ m] e
j m0 t
m =
j m + l 0 t
m = l =
X[ m ] Y [k m ]e
m = k =
(X [k ] *Y [k ])e
j l0 t
l =
X[ m ] Y [l ]e
Y [l ]e
k = m + l
=
=
l = k m
j k 0 t
j k 0 t
k =
FS ,
0
z (t ) = x (t ) y (t )
Z [k ] = X [k ] *Y [k ] =
X [ m ] Y [k m ]
m =
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
0
z[ n ] = x[ n ] y[ n ]
Z [k ] = X [k ] Y [k ] =
X [ m ] Y [k m ]
m= N
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
22
11/04/2013
Ex =
x (t ) = x (t ) x * (t )
x ( t ) dt ;
1
x (t ) =
2
x (t )
Ex =
( j ) e j t d
1
2
( j ) e j t d dt
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
*
j t
(
)
X
j
dt d
x (t ) e
1
1
*
Ex =
X ( j ) X ( j ) d =
X ( j ) d
2
2
Ex =
1
2
FT:
x (t ) dt =
2
FS:
1
T
x (t ) dt =
DTFT:
x[ n ]
k =
DTFS:
1
N
n= N
k =
1
2
2
X ( j ) d
X ( j )
1
2
x[ n ] =
j 2
X (e ) d
X [k ]
n= N
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
23
11/04/2013
Dualidad (I)
Simetra dominio del tiempo y de la fecuencia
Pulso dominio tiempo
SINC dominio tiempo
Impulso dominio tiempo
CTE dominio tiempo
Multiplicacin
DUALIDAD
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
Dualidad (II)
Transformada de Fourier (FT): relaciona seales continuas y aperidicas
en ambos dominios
1
x (t ) =
2
X ( j ) e
j t
x (t ) e
X ( j ) =
j t
dt
1
y ( ) =
2
z ( )e
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
24
11/04/2013
Dualidad (III)
Si = t y =
y (t ) =
1
2
z( ) e
j t
FT
y (t )
Z ( )
(*)
Si = y = t
1
y ( ) =
2
z (t ) e
j t
dt
FT
z (t ) 2 y ( )
(*)
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
Dualidad (IV)
(*) implican cierta simetra entre tiempo y frecuencia
Dado el par:
FT
f (t )
F ( j )
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
25
11/04/2013
Dualidad (V)
Series de Fourier (DTFS): relaciona seales discretas y peridicas en
ambos dominios
x [ n] =
X [k ]e
jk 0 n
k= N
X [k ] =
1
N
x[ n ] e
jk 0 n
n= N
DTFS,
0
x[ n ]
X [k ]
DTFS,
0
X [ n ]
1
x [ k ]
N
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
Dualidad (VI)
DTFT FS:
La FS transforma una funcin peridica continua en una funcin
discreta aperidica
La DTFT transforma una funcin aperidica discreta en continua y
peridica
z (t ) =
Z [k ]e
jk0 t
k =
X (e j ) =
x[ n ] e
j n
n =
26
11/04/2013
Dualidad (VII)
Z [k ] =
x [ n] =
1
2
1
2
X (e )e
z (t ) e
j
jk t
dt
j n
X (e j )
FS ,1
X (e jt ) x [ k ]
SEALES Y SISTEMAS
27