Impact of Photography

http://www.ask.com/hobbies-games/photography-important-society6ce2551ff1e6194c
Photography adds to the validity of distributed information. Photographs that
accompany a news story, for instance, add a dimension of corroboration to words
that could be fabricated. Photos also serve as visual aids for education,
assembly and other purposes. Readers are better able to understand a subject
when they can look at helpful pictures for reference.
Photography is more accurate than previous forms of visual media. The reliability
of a painting, for example, depends on the skill level of the artist. Moreover, an
artist can add, omit and embellish as he pleases. On the other hand, a camera is
an instrument that produces standard results. It captures a scene the same way
no matter who uses it.
People have an emotional response to images. What people see is often more
likely to influence their opinion than what they simply read or hear. According to
North Dakota State University's Media Department, this is part of the reason why
the Farm Security Administration under Franklin Roosevelt hired photographers
to capture the plight of rural America on film. Pictures of suffering farmers in the
nation's journals moved the public to support the policies of the New Deal.
The rule of thirds calls for every photo to be divided into thirds in one's
imagination, both vertically and horizontally. The most important elements of the
photo should fall on those lines. Using the rule of thirds allows the photographer
to take a photograph that is visually balanced.
Photographs that include a horizon line are more visually dramatic if the horizon
falls above or below the horizontal center of the photo. The only exception to this
occurs when the photo includes a reflection.
The eye is naturally drawn to lines that occur in a photo. Knowing this, the
photographer can frame photos to let roads, telephone poles, wires, fences or
stairways direct the viewer's eye through the photograph.
Weak photos often include too much empty space in the frame, leaving viewers
not knowing where to focus and unable to see any small items appearing within
the frame. A basic rule of photography calls for the photographer to fill the frame
to reduce clutter and make the subject of the photo larger.
Paying attention to the background of photos is another fundamental rule of
photography. If shooting with a camera that cannot control depth of field, this
principle is even more important. Overly busy or textured backgrounds often
detract from the photo's foreground and sometimes lead to unintentional humor
or silliness

Definitions & examples

(Portfolio)

1. Aperture - aperture is mostly used by affecting the images exposure by changing

the diameter of the lens opening, which controls the amount of light reaching the image
sensor.The aperture of a lens ranges from wide to narrow, and is measured in f/stops,
such as f/4 (wide aperture) to f/22 (narrow aperture). and aperture is located in the lens
in the front or back just depending on the lens.
2. Motion - Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still
image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image
being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, either due to rapid
movement or long exposure .
3. Depth of Field - Press this button to stop down the aperture blades according to the
preset aperture value. You can also check the depth of field through the viewfinder or on
the LCD monitor. There's a button to the side of the lens described as the "depth-of-field
preview button". Based on the limited description in the manual,
4. Shutter Speed - Displays the time interval during which the shutter is open.
Increasing the parameter value shortens the time interval the shutter remains
open.Indicates the time interval during which the shutter is open. The shutter speed
value is denoted in the 1/parameter format. However, only the parameter value is
shown in the viewfinder. Increasing the parameter value shortens the time interval the
shutter remains open. Shutter speeds slower than 1/4 second are indicated as, for
example, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08, 1, or 13. In this case, 13 means 1.3 seconds.
5. Rule of Thirds- The rule of thirds is a concept in video and film production in which
the frame is divided into into nine imaginary sections, as illustrated on the right. This
creates reference points which act as guides for framing the image.The basic principle
behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both
horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows.As youre taking an image
you would have done this in your mind through your viewfinder or in the LCD display that
you use to frame your shot. With this grid in mind the rule of thirds now identifies four
important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you
frame your image.Not only this but it also gives you four lines that are also useful
positions for elements in your photo.
6. Exposure - In digital photography, exposure is the unit of measurement for the total
amount of light permitted to reach the electronic sensor during the process of taking a
photograph. The two main controls your digital camera uses to control exposure are the
shutter speed and aperture.
7. Composition - in the visual artsin particular painting, graphic design,
photography, and sculpturecomposition is the placement or arrangement of visual
elements or ingredients in a work of art, as distinct from the subject of a work.
8. Focal Length - Focal length is just how long a lens is, right? Theres more to
understanding focal length than just knowing the range of numbers. Focal Length and
Angle of view. The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the
image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50
mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal
lengths are stated, for example 1855 mm.
9. SLR - The above behavior is in fact why they're called "Single Lens Reflex" (SLR)
cameras because the same lens is used to produce the image in the viewfinder as is
used to capture that image at the sensor, and the mirror reflects light to the viewfinder
("reflex" referred to the reflection in German).
10. Auto Focus -Autofocus refers to a camera lens' ability to adjust its configuration in
order to focus properly on a subject regardless of whether it is near or far from the

camera. Autofocus lenses generally provide vastly superior image quality than do their
fixed focus cousins since they do not have to rely on their depth of field. Also known as:
"AF", "auto-focus"
11. Back Lighting- In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the
subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer face each
other, with the subject in between. This creates a glowing effect on the edges of the
subject, while other areas are darker.
12. Balance - Formal balance can be defined as symmetrical balance. In the previous
chapter, we taught you how to achieve symmetrical balance in photography. All you have
to do is frame the shot so that one or more identical or similar subjects are repeated
symmetrical on each sides of a given point.
13. Contrast -is the difference in luminance or colour that makes an object (or its
representation in an image or display) distinguishable. In visual perception of the real
world, contrast is determined by the difference in the color and brightness of the object
and other objects within the same field of view.
14. F-stop - F stop (focal stop) is a value that indicates the size of the lens aperture
used during the taking of a photograph. The aperture is the size of the opening in the
lens that allows light to enter the camera and expose the film or act on the image sensor.
A small aperture is represented by a large number; a large aperture by a small number.
15. ISO Speed - A higher ISO speed makes it easier to capture shots of a dimly-lit
scene. Generally, ISO 100 is used as the standard setting. In the ISO Auto setting, the
optimal value is automatically selected according to the scene. You can also choose to
set the ISO speed manually.The ISO speed setting varies constantly when the Auto
setting is selected. A higher ISO speed makes it easier to capture shots of a dimly-lit
scene.
http://www.canon-asia.com/snapshot/eos-beginners-200/4/

Aperture & Shutter

1. Shallow Depth of Field a picture where the main subject is clearly in focus and the
background is slightly out of focus.

2. Great Depth of Field a picture where the subject and the background are both
clearly in focus.

3. Formal balance the visual weight of the subjects of the photograph offsets each
other by placing subjects of equal visual weight on each side of the photograph, equal
distances from centre.

4.Informal balance the visual weight of the subjects of the photograph offsets each
other with a visually heavy object on one side offset by more than one less visually
heavy object on the other or the visually heavy object is moved towards the center while
the visually lighter object is moved away from centre.

5.Diagonals the elements of the photograph form a diagonal alignment instead of the
usual vertical or horizontal alignment .

6.Rule of Thirds if you imagine that the photograph was divided into 9 equal
rectangles, the main subject of the photograph would be found at the intersection point
of these rectangles.

7.Focal point the intended main subject of the photograph is the first thing that is
noticed by anyone who sees the photograph.

8. Vertical orientation turning the camera to capture photographs that are tall.

9. Horizontal orientation keeping the camera held horizontally to capture pictures

that are wide.

10.Camera angles taking pictures of a subject from a variety of viewpoints instead of

merely straight on.

11.Low key lighting has deep, dark shadows and dramatic contrast between light and
dark.

12. High key lighting is bright, without great contrast between light areas and dark
areas.