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ChangeswithVaryingDepth,
Temperature,andSalinity:
LabPartners
:TaylorRamcharran,KianaJohnson,DoyinOyelami
Date
:August27th,2015
Introduction
:Inthislabwewilltest,andmeasureprimaryproductivity
basedonthechangesindissolvedoxygenimpactedbytheamountof
lightintensity.Aswellasdifferentabioticfactorssalinity,temperature,
andlightintensityimpactingtheDOlevelsinvariouswatersamples.
Thelightbottleanddarkbottlewillbeusedtomeasuretherateof
oxygenproduction.Thedifferencebetweentheinitialbottleanddark
bottlewillshowtheamountofoxygenusedinrespiration.
Following
:Primaryproductivitycanbeimpactedbytemperature,
salinity,andlightintensities.Modeledbygrossproductivity,thetotal
productivityincludingenergyutilizedforrespirationbyproducers,and
netproductivity,theorganicmatterexcludingenergyutilizedby
respiration.Nppismeasuredbypartpermillimeter(ppm).Respiration
istheoppositeprocessofphotosynthesistowhereoxygenis
consumedtoproducecarbondioxideandwater.Whiledissolved
oxygenarethegasesofoxygentakeninbyabsorptionofH20.
Purpose
:Thepurposeofthislabistotestdifferentabioticfactors
impactonDOlevelsinvariouswatersamplesgiven.
Question
:Howdodifferentabioticfactorsimpactdissolvedoxygen
levelsinvariouswatersamples?
Hypothesis
:Asthetemperaturedecreases,theD.O.levelwill
increase,inthewater.Asthesalinityincreases,theD.O.levelwill
decrease,inthewater.Asthelightintensitydecreases,duetonolight
forphotosynthesis,theD.O.Levelwillalsodecrease
Variables
:
Independent
:Salinity,Temperature,pH
Dependent
:Dissolvedoxygen
Control
:lightsource,amountoflightentered(controlamountof
aluminumfoil)amountofwater
Constants
:typesofwaterused(saltwaterandfreshwater)
Safety
:Weargogglesatalltimes,wearglovesifyou'reworkingwith
thechemicals,pullhairback,washchemicalscompletelydownthe
drainwithwater(makesurethechemicalsarediluted),washallthe
differenttesttubes/anythingthechemicalswerein,wipecounters
downwithCloroxwipes,andwashhandsattheendofthe
experiment.
Materials
:Samplingbottles,saltwater,freshwater,aluminumfoil,
blackscreens,rubberbands,papertowels,differentchemicals,
gloves,andtheentirechemicalkit.
Procedure
:Seelabhandout
DataCharts
:Table1:Temperature/D.O.Data
Temperature LabGroup ClassMean LabGroup
DO
Data
DO
Saturation
%
ClassMean
DO%
20
________
6.4
_________ 65.5
14
________
6.1
_________ 69
Table2:Salinity/D.O.Data
Salinity
LabGroup
DO
ClassMean LabGroup
DO
%DO
Saturation
Class
Mean%DO
Saturation
6.6
6.45
72
70
32
4.6
53
61
Table3:Respiration
LabGroupData
ClassMeanData
InitialDO
6.8
6.1
DarkBottleDO
3.8
RespirationRate
(InitialDark)
2.8
2.3
Table4:LabGroupData
ProductivityofScreenWrappedSamples
%Light
DO(ppm)
Gross
Net
ClassMean
Productivity Productivity Data(GPP)
100%
7.3
3.3
.5
6.65
65%
6.4
2.4
.4
5.4
25%
5.8
1.8
5.2
10%
5.4
1.4
1.4
2%
4.4
0.4
2.4
6.6
Dark
3.5
1.5
3.3
Table5:ClassMeanData
ProductivityofScreenWrappedSamples
%Light
GrossProductivity
NetProductivity
100%
2.3
0.03
65%
0.9
1.4
25%
0.7
1.6
10%
0.5
1.7
2%
0.8
1.5
Graphs
:
DiscussionQuestions
:
1) Threewaystomeasureproductivityisbytemperature,salinity,
andlightintensity.
2) D.O.isusedasameasuretodeterminehowmuchcarbonis
assimilated.
3) Accordingtothetemperatureanddissolvedoxygendata,an
increasedtemperaturewillcauseanincreasedoxygenlevels.
4) Accordingtothedataofthesalinitysaturation,freshwaterwas
abletoholdmoreoxygenthansaltwaterwhichhadahigher
salinitythanthefreshwater.Ahighersalinitywillcausea
decreaseindissolvedoxygenlevels.
5)
a. At0lightintensitytherewillbenogrossproductivity.
b. At0lightintensitytherewillbenonetproductivity.
6)Mammalsusetheirlungstoinhaleandexhale.Thebasicstarts
withthetinysacscalledalveoli,theyhelpcarrybloodthroughoxygen
andthebloodstream.Insideasamammalbreathes,ittakesin
oxygen.Whenamammalexhalesitreleasedcarbondioxidetothe
environment.Fishusetheirgillstocollectoxygenfromwaterand
releasecarbondioxide.Theamountofoxygenthefishwouldreceive
dependsonthesaturationthereforeoxygenlevelsvaryinfreshwater
andsaltwater.
7)Theoxygenlevelsinthestreamwillbehigherbecauseofthe
commotionandflowinginofwater.Whilethelakecurrentsaresteady
comparedtothestream,oxygenlevelswillbelower.
8)TheDOlevelswouldincreaseat5pmbecausethereismore
accesstosunlightforphotosynthesistooccurunlikeat7amwhere
thereislessaccesstosunlightforphotosynthesisandcellular
respirationtooccur.
9.)Eutrophicationistheoverabundance,orlackofnutrientsthat
arisesinlakes,rivers,andstreams.Whichoftenoccursdueto
fertilizationfeedingnutrientstoalgae,andplanktonovercrowdingthe
watersource,calledalgalbloom.Thiscreatesashieldagainstother
plantshinderingtheprocessofphotosynthesis.Resultingtothe
decreaseofoxygen,andcreatingadeathzone.
10.)Initially,fishbowlAwillbebetteroff.FishbowlAwillhavemore
volume,aswellmoreoxygen.But,inthelongrunfishbowlBwillbe
betteroff,becausefishbowlBcanabsorboxygenfromtheair.
Conclusion
:
Basedonthedatafromourlabresults,ourhypothesisaboutthe
relationshipbetweentemperaturewasincorrect.Theyshoweda
directionallyproportionallyrelationshipasthetemperaturedecrease
thedissolvedoxygenalsodecreased.Coldwaterdissolvedmore
waterthanoxygen,asthetemperaturegoesup,waterevaporatesas
wellastheoxygengases.Thehypothesisabouttherelationshipof
salinityanddissolvedoxygenwascorrect.Ahighersalinitycontent
resultedinadecreaseofdissolvedoxygenlevels.Thereasonforthis
issalinityisaffectedwhenothersolutesareaddedcausingthe
oxygentodissolveunderpressure.Ourhypothesiswasalsocorrect
abouttherelationshipbetweenlightintensityanddissolvedoxygen
levels,theyshowedadirectlyproportionalrelationshipanincreasein
lightresultedinanincreaseofdissolvedoxygenlevels.Basedonthe
datafromtablefour,asthelightintensitydecreased,theDOlevels
alsodecreased.Asmorelightincreaseditisagreaterchancefor
photosynthesisaswellascellularrespirationtooccurcausingtheDO
levelstoincreasewhenlightisadded.Dissolvedoxygenlevels
increasealongwiththedepthtolakeduetochangesin
photosynthesisandcellularrespiration.
Twopossibleerrorsthatcouldhaveoccurredwhileperformingthis
experimentwasthatwecouldhaveaccidentallyusedthesaltwater,
insteadoffreshwater.Wecouldhavelabeleditwrong.Thatwould
havebeensomethingterribletomessupon,becauseallofour
informationwouldhavebeenwrong.Andbackwardswitheachother.
Another,possibleerroristhatwecouldhaveaccidentallyputthe
wrongchemicalsintothetubesofdifferentwaters.Ifthatwasto
happenwewouldhavehadtoprobablystarttheexperimentallover
again.Thankfully,noneofthosetwopossibleerrorsoccurred,andour
labwassuccessful.
References
:
"pHinLakes"WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology,
Accessed:September1,2015
<
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/management/joysmanual/
ph.html>
ShmoopEditorialTeam"AnimalRespirationShmoopBiology".
Shmoop.com.ShmoopUniversity,Inc.11,Nov.200831,Aug.2015
<http://www.shmoop.com/animalmovement/animalrespiration.html>
"WhatIsEutrophication?Definition,Causes&Effects."
Study.com
.
BBB,2013.Web.01September2015
.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/whatiseutrophicationdefinitioncau
seseffects.html
Web.02September2015
http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water_quality/waterscience/j908d
oessaltconcentrationsalinitywateraffectsolubilityoxygen.htm
APBiologyTextbook:Campbell,NeilA"APBiologyEighthEdition"
BenjaminCummingsCalifornia,2007