Target Phy Unit and Dimension

and Engineering Entrance Examinations
Useful for all Agricultural, Medical, Pharmacy

held across India.
STD. XI Sci.
Triumph Physics
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus
Fourth Edition: October 2014

First Edition: July 2014
Salient Features
Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs
Important formulae provided in each chapter
Hints included for relevant questions
Various competitive exam questions updated till the latest year
Includes solved MCQs from JEE (Main), AIPMT, CET 2014
Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter
Solutions/hints to Evaluation Test available in downloadable PDF format at

www. targetpublications.org
Printed at: India Printing Works Mumbai
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
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TEID : 770
Preface
Std. XI: Sci. Triumph Physics is a complete and thorough guide to prepare students for a competitive
level examination. The book will not only assist students with MCQs of Std. XI but will also help them to prepare for
JEE, AIPMT, CET and various other competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Formulae that form a vital part of
MCQ solving are provided in each chapter. Notes provide important information about the topic. Shortcuts provide
easy and less tedious solving methods. Mindbenders have been introduced to bridge the gap between a text book
topic and the students understanding of the same. A quick reference to the notes, shortcuts and mindbenders has been
provided wherever possible.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including knowledge based questions.
Critical Thinking: consists of questions that require some understanding of the concept.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE, AIPMT, CET, CPMT etc.
Hints have been provided to the MCQs which are broken down to the simplest form possible.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the
student on a competitive level.
An additional feature of pictorial representation of a topic is added to give the student a glimpse of various
interesting physics concept.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think weve
nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, wed love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org
Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Authors
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Topic Name
Measurements
Scalars and Vectors
Projectile Motion
Force
Friction in Solids and Liquids
Sound Waves
Thermal Expansion
Refraction of Light
Ray Optics
Electrostatics
Current Electricity
Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
Magnetism
Electromagnetic Waves
Page No.
1
28
55
91
126
161
184
218
256
284
323
356
382
403
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 01: Measurements
01 Measurements
Syllabus
Measuring the radius of the Earth
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Need for measurements
1.2
Units of measurements
1.3
System of units
1.4
S.I Units
1.5
Fundamental and derived units
1.6
Dimensional analysis
1.7
Order of magnitude
significant figures
1.8
Accuracy
and
measurements
errors
and
in
Eratosthenes was first to measure the radius of the

Earth using the difference in angle of shadows cast
at the same time in two different cities Syene (now
Aswan) and Alexandria. Using simple geometry, he
determined the degrees of arc between them to be 7.
Std. XI : Triumph Physics
Formulae
1.
2.
3.
Measure of physical quantity (M):

Numerical value size of unit. i.e., M = nu
For definite amount of physical quantity:
1
n
u
1
i.e., magnitude of physical quantity
units
Conversion factor of a unit in two system of
units:
a
4.
Notes
If x = x1 x2, then maximum error in x:

x = x1 + x2
6.
If x = x1m xn2 , then error in measurement:

x
mx1
nx 2
=
+
x
x1
x2
8.
9.
Absolute error:
Average value Measured value
| an | = | am an |
Mean absolute error:
a1 + a 2 + ... + a n
1
=
| a m | =
n
n
i =1
2.
Percentage error:
Relative error 100 =
a m
am
ii.
a i
am
10.
Supplementary Quantity
Plane angle
Solid angle
Relative (fractional) error:

a m
100 %
Units are classified mainly into two groups.

i.
Fundamental units: These
are
independent of other units. The seven
fundamental quantities and their units
are given below.
Fundamental Quantity
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Electric current
Luminous intensity
Amount of substance
L M T
n= 1 1 1
L 2 M 2 T2
Average value or mean value:
a + a 2 + a 3 + .... + a n
1 n
am = 1
= ai
n i =1
n
5.
7.
1.
Abbreviation
m/
nm
ly
AU
a.m.u./u
T
S.I. unit
1010 m
106 m
109 m
9.46 1015 m
1.496 1011 m
1.66 1027 kg
1 mm of Hg
S.I. Unit
radian (rad)
steradian (sr)
Derived units: These units depend upon

the fundamental units to give units of a
physical quantity.
Distance
For example: speed =
Time
Thus its unit is m/s. It means that unit of
speed depends upon the fundamental
unit of length and time.
The parallax method is used

i.
to measure separation between two
sources (i.e., two planets), if distance (b)
between them is very large.
O
Some practical units in term of S.I. unit

Practical units
1 Angstrom
1 Micron
1 Nanometer
1 Light year
1 Astronomical unit
1 Atomic mass unit
1 Torr
S.I Unit
metre (m)
kilogram (kg)
second (s)
kelvin (K)
ampere (A)
candela (cd)
mole (mol)
L
s=
Basis
b
=
Parallactic angle

ii.
to find the size of an astronomical object.
iv.
Mindbenders
O
EARTH
Linear diameter = distance
angular diameter
D =s
3.
4.
If the error in measurement of a is a

and the error in measurement of b is
a
b then the percentage error in,
is
b
a b
+
100
b
a
To determine dimensions of a physical

quantity, the unit of fundamental quantities
are represented by L for length, M for
mass, T for time, K for temperature, I or
A for current, C for luminous intensity and
mol for amount of substance.
1.
The dimensions of a physical quantity are

independent of the system of units.
2.
A physical quantity that does not have any

unit is always dimensionless.
3.
Angle is a special physical quantity which is a

ratio of two similar physical quantities i.e.,
arc/radius and requires a unit.
4.
In the formula,
[Mx Ly Tz]; if x = y = z = 0, then the quantity is
a dimensionless quantity.
Percentage error in different cases:

i.
If the error in a is a, then the
a
percentage error in a =
100
a
ii.
If the error in a is a, then the
a
percentage error in an = n
a
100
iii. If the error in measurement of a is a
and the error in measurement of b is
b then, the percentage error in ab is
a b
+
100
b
a
Examples of dimensionless quantities: Strain,

specific gravity, relative density, angle, solid
angle, poissons ratio, relative permittivity,
Reynolds number, all the trigonometric
ratios, refractive index, dielectric constant,
magnetic susceptibility etc.
A dimensionless quantity has the same numeric
value in all the system of units.
Dimensions, units, formulae of some quantities:

Quantity
Speed
Formula
Distance
Time
Unit
Dimension
m s1
[M0L1T1]
Acceleration
Changein velocity
Time
m s2
[M0L1T2]
Force
Mass Acceleration
N (newton)
[M1L1T2]
Pressure
Force
Area
N m2
[M1L1T2]
Mass
Volume
Force distance
kg m3
[M1L3T0]
joule
[M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]
Density
Work

Energy
joule
[M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]
watt
[M1L2T3]
kg m s1
Ns
[M1L1T1]
[M1L1T1]
= rF
Nm
[M1L1T2] [L]= [M1L2T2]
-Energy
kelvin
joule
[M0L0T01]
[M1L2T2]
joule/kg K
[M0L2T21]
joule/K
[M1L2T21]
Force distance
Momentum
Work
Time
Mass Velocity
Impulse
Force Time
Power
Torque
Temperature (T)
Heat (Q)
Specific heat (c)
Thermal capacity
Q
m
--
Latent heat (L)
heat ()
mass (m)
joule/kg
[M0L2T2]
Gas constant (R)
PV
T
joule/mol K
[M1L2T21]
joule/K
[M1L2T21]
joule/m s K
[M1L1T31]
watt/m2 K4
[M1L0T3 4]
mK
[M0L1T01]
Energy (E)
Frequency (F)
joule s
[M1L2T1]
--
kelvin1
[M0L0T01]
--
joule/calorie
[M0L0T0]
Current Time
coulomb
[M0L0T1A1]
coulomb metre2
[M0L2T1A1]
ampere
ampere/m2
[M0L0T0A1]
[M0L2T0A1]
R
, N = Avogadro
N
number
From
Q
T
Coefficient of thermal t = KA x
conductivity (K)
Q x 1
K=
t T A
Boltzmann constant
(k)
Stefan's constant ()
Wien's constant (b)
Planck's constant (h)
Coefficient of linear
Expansion ()
Mechanical
equivalent of Heat(J)
Electric charge (q)
Surface charge
density()
Electric current (I)
Current density (J)
E
T4
b = Nm T
charge
area
-Current per unit area
Electric potential (V)
Work
Charge
joule/ coulomb
[M1L2T3A1]
Intensity of electric
field (E)
Force
Charge
volt/metre, newton/coulomb
[M1L1T3A1]
Resistance (R)
P.D.
Current
volt/ampere or ohm
[M1L2T3 A2]
Conductance
1
R
ohm1
[M1L2T3A2]
Resistivity or
Specific resistance
()
Ra
l
ohm metre
[M1L3T3 A2]
Conductivity ()
ohm1metre1
[M1L3T3A2]
Electric dipole
moment (p)
q(2a)
coulomb metre
[M0L1T1A1]
coulomb 2
newton metre 2
[M1L3T4A2]
Unitless
[M0L0T0]
coulomb/ volt or farad
[M1L2T4A2]
volt second
or henry or
ampere
ohm-second
[M1L2T2 A2]
henry
[M1L2T2A2]
wdt
q
volt-second or weber
[M1L2T2 A1]
B=
F
qv
newton
or
ampere metre
joule
or
ampere metre 2
volt second
or
metre 2
tesla
[M1L0T2 A1]
Magnetic intensity (H) H =
Idl
r2
ampere/ metre
[M0L1T0 A1]
ampere metre2
[M0L2T0A1]
joule
newton
or
2
ampere
ampere2 metre
volt second
or
or
ampere metre
ohmsecond
henry
or
metre
metre
[M1L1T2 A2]
m1
[M0L1T0]
q1 q 2
4Fr 2
Permittivity of free
space (0)
0 =
Dielectric constant
(K)
K=
Capacitance (C)
Charge
P.D.
Coefficient of self
induction (L)
L=
Coefficient of mutual
inductance (M)
ed t
dI
Magnetic flux ()
d =
Magnetic induction
(B)
Magnetic dipole
moment (M)
(w / q)dt
dI
M = IA
4r Fr 2
m1m 2
Permeability of free
space (0)
0 =
Rydberg constant (R)
22 mk 2 e 4
ch 3
Quantities having same dimensions:

Dimension
0 0 1
[M L T ]
[M1L2T2]
[M1L1T2]
[M1L1T1]
[M0L1T2]
[M1L1T2]
[M1L2T1]
[M1L0T2]
[M0L0T0]
[M0L2T2]
[ML2T21]
[M0L0T1]
[M0L0T1]
[ML2T2]
Quantity
Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient and decay
constant
Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque, moment of force
Pressure, stress, Youngs modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, energy
density
Momentum, impulse
Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational field intensity
Thrust, force, weight, energy gradient
Angular momentum and Plancks constant
Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area), spring constant
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance gradient,
relative permittivity (dielectric constant), relative permeability etc.
Latent heat and gravitational potential
Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy
l / g , m / k , R / g , where l = length
g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring constant,
R = Radius of earth
L/R, LC , RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C = capacitance
V2
q2
t, VIt, qV, LI2,
, CV2
R
C
where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance, C = capacitance,
R = resistance
I2Rt,
A few quick conversions:

i.
Pressure:
1 N/m2 = 10 dyne/ cm2 or
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2.
ii.
Density:
1 kg/m3 = 103 g/cm3 or
1 g/cm3 = 103 kg/m3.
iii.
iv.
v.
Coefficient of viscosity:
SI units is decapoise (N s/m2) and CGS
unit is poise.
1 poise = 101 decapoise or
1 decapoise = 10 poise.
To express large or small magnitudes

following prefixes are used:
Power of 10
Prefix
Symbol
10
18
exa
10
15
peta
12
10
109
tera
giga
T
G
106
mega
kilo
10
10
hecta
deca
h
da
Magnetic induction:
S I unit is tesla (Wb/m2) and CGS unit is
Gauss.
1 gauss = 104 tesla or
1 tesla = 104 gauss.
101
deci
10
centi
10
milli
106
micro
Magnetic flux:
SI unit is weber and CGS unit is
maxwell.
1 Wb = 108 maxwell or
1 maxwell = 108 Wb.
nano
12
pico
femto
atto
10
10
10
1015
10
18

1.4
Classical Thinking
1.0
1.
2.
Nano size of gold has _______ colour.

(A) yellow
(B) red
(C) pink
(D) orange
3.
Maxwells equations relate to _______.

(A) law of gravitation
(B) basic laws of electromagnetism
(C) laws of electrostatics
(D) nuclear model of an atom
1.1
4.
6.
S.I system of unit contains

supplementary unit.
(A) 7
(B) 2
(C) many
(D) 4
11.
In which of following system, scientific data

can be exchanged between different parts of
the world?
(A) M.K.S.
(B) C.G.S.
(C) F.P.S.
(D) S.I.
1.5
Need for measurements
The reference standard used for the

measurement of a physical quantity is called
_______.
(A) standard quantity (B) dimension
(C) constant
(D) unit
Which of the following
characteristic of a good unit?
(A) It is invariable.
(B) It is reproducible.
(C) It is perishable.
(D) It is easily available.
1.3
is
NOT
7.
Units are classified into ______ groups.

(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
8.
A set of fundamental and derived units is

known as _______.
(A) supplementary units
(B) system of units
(C) complementary units
(D) metric units
9.
The physical quantity having the same unit in

all the systems of unit is _______.
(A) length
(B) time
(C) mass
(D) foot
Out of the following units, which is NOT a

fundamental unit?
(A) newton
(B) second
(C) pound
(D) kg
13.
Temperature can be expressed as a derived

quantity in terms of
(A) length and mass
(B) mass and time
(C) length, mass and time
(D) none of these
14.
Which of the following is NOT a derived unit?

(A) joule
(B) erg
(C) dyne
(D) mole
15.
Which of the following is the CORRECT way

of writing units?
(A) 25 ms length
(B) 30 Kg
(C) 5 Newton
(D) 10 N
16.
To measure the distance of a planet from the

earth ______ method is used.
(A) echo
(B) direct
(C) parallax
(D) paradox
17.
The mass of the body depends only on

(A) temperature.
(B) pressure.
(C) quantity of matter contained in the body.
(D) location of the body from the observer.
18.
Which of the following represents a unified

atomic mass unit (1u)?
(A) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in kg
(B) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in g
(C) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in g
(D) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in kg
System of units
_______
12.
_______ is needed for the experimental

verification of various theories.
(A) Unit
(B) Symbol
(C) Instrument
(D) Measurement
1.2
5.
10.
Introduction
The atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena

are the parts of ______ domain.
(A) macroscopic
(B) microscopic
(C) megascopic
(D) electroscopic
S.I Units

19.
In cesium atomic clock ______ is used.

(A) cesium-122 atom (B) cesium-132 atom
(C) cesium-133 atom (D) cesium-134 atom
20.
21.
30.
A ______ is the interval from one noon to the

next noon.
(A) mean solar day (B) solar day
(C) lunar day
(D) day
Which of the following is NOT

dimensionless quantity?
(A) angle
(B) strain
(C) specific gravity (D) density
31.
Light year is a unit for the measurement of

_______.
(A) distance
(B) time
(C) temperature
(D) luminous intensity
The unit of plane angle is radian, hence its

dimensions are
(A) [M0L0T0]
(B) [M1L1T0]
(C) [M0L1T1]
(D) [M1L0T1]
32.
Dimensional equation CANNOT be used

(A) to check the correctness of a physical
quantity.
(B) to derive the relation between different
physical quantities.
(C) to find out constant of proportionality
which may be pure number.
(D) to change from one system of units to
another system.
33.
If the dimensional formula for the physical

quantity is [M1L2T2] then the physical
quantity is _______.
(A) torque
(B) impulse
(C) force
(D) force per unit area
34.
If the dimensions of a physical quantity are

given by [LaMbTc], then the physical quantity
will be
(A) force, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 2
(B) pressure, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
(C) velocity, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 1
(D) acceleration, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
22.
Which of the following quantity is expressed

as force per unit area?
(A) work
(B) pressure
(C) volume
(D) density
23.
The physical quantity having the unit dyne g1

is _______.
(A) velocity
(B) mass
(C) force
(D) acceleration
24.
The SI unit of luminous intensity is _______.

(A) watt
(B) lux
(C) lumen
(D) candela
25.
Which of the following is a supplementary unit?

(A) steradian
(B) candela
(C) kelvin
(D) pascal
26.
The pressure of 103 dyne/cm2 is equivalent to

(B) 102 N/m2
(A) 10 N/m2
2
2
(C) 10 N/m
(D) 101 N/m2
1.6
27.
28.
29.
[M1L1T2] is the dimensional formula for

_______.
(A) joule constant
(B) gravitational constant
(C) pressure
(D) force
Checking the correctness of physical
equations using the method of dimensions is
based on
(A) equality of inertial frame of reference.
(B) the type of system of units.
(C) the method of measurement.
(D) principle of homogeneity of dimensions.
A unitless quantity
(A) always has a non-zero dimension.
(B) may have a non-zero dimension.
(C) never has a zero dimension.
(D) has no dimensions.
8
1.7
Order of magnitude and significant figures
35.
The value of the magnitude rounded off to the

nearest integral power of 10 is called _______.
(A) significant figure
(B) uncertain number
(C) significant number
(D) order of magnitude
36.
Order of magnitude of (106 + 103) is

(A) 1018
(B) 109
6
(C) 10
(D) 103
37.
The length of a rod is 0.5 102 m, the order of

magnitude of the length of the rod is
(B) 102 m
(A) 103 m
(D) 101 m
(C) 101 m
38.
The charge on the electron is 1.6 1019 C.

The order of magnitude is
(A) 1019 C
(B) 1018 C
(C) 1018 C
(D) 1019 C
39.
Significant figures depends upon the ______

of the measuring instrument.
(A) length
(B) readings
(C) number
(D) accuracy
40.
The number of significant figures in 0.0009 is

(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) 1
41.

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
42.

(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) 1
43.
State the number of significant figures in

6.032 J
(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) 1
1.8
44.
45.
49.
Error due to non-removal of parallax between

pointer and its image in case of magnetic
compass needle causes _______.
(A) instrumental error
(B) persistant error
(C) personal error
(D) random error
50.
Instrumental error can be minimised by

(A) taking large number of readings.
(B) using different accurate instrument for
the same reading.
(C) adjusting zero of the instrument.
(D) maintaining the temperature of the
surrounding.
51.
The magnitude of the difference between

mean value and each individual value is called
_______.
(A) absolute error
(B) error in reading
(C) most probable error
(D) true error
52.
The formula for percentage error is

a m
100%
(A) Percentage error =
am
Accuracy and errors in measurements
The difference between the true value and

measured value is called _______.
(A) mistake
(B) error
(C) significant figures (D) fault
If the pointer of the voltmeter is not exactly at
the zero of the scale then the error is called
_______.
(A) instrumental error (B) systematic error
(C) personal error
(D) random error
46.
Zero error of an instrument introduces

(A) systematic error
(B) random error
(C) instrumental error
(D) none of these
47.
Accidental error can be minimised by

(A) taking only one reading.
(B) taking small magnitude of the quantity.
(C) selecting instrument with greater least count.
(D) selecting instrument with small least count.
48.
Constant error can be caused due to

(A) faulty construction of instrument.
(B) wrong setting of instrument.
(C) lack of concentration of observer.
(D) wrong procedure of handling
instrument.
the
(B)
(C)
(D)
1 n
a i 100%
n i=1
a
Percentage error = m 100%
a m
Percentage error =
n
Percentage error = 1 ai 100%
n i=1
a
, then maximum relative error in the
b
measurement is
a b
a / a
(A)
(B)
+
a
b
b / b
a b
b / b
(D)
(C)
a / a
a
b
53.
If x =
54.
Given: l1 = 44.2 0.1 and l2 = 23.1 0.1, the

uncertainty in l1 + l2 is
(A) 0
(B) 0.1
(C) 0.2
(D) 0.4
55.
Two resistances R1 = 50 2 ohm and

R2 = 60 3 ohm are connected in series, the
equivalent resistance of the series combination
is
(A) (110 4) ohm
(B) (110 2) ohm
(C) (110 5) ohm
(D) (110 6) ohm
9

56.
57.
If x = an then relative error is (where n is

power of a)
a
a
+n
(B) n
(A)
a
a
a
a
(C)
n
(D)
a
na
Thickness of the paper measured by
micrometer screw gauge of least count
0.01 mm is 1.03 mm, the percentage error in
the measurement of thickness of paper is
(A) 1.1%
(B) 1%
(C) 0.97%
(D) 0.8%
Critical Thinking
1.2
1.
Miscellaneous
58.
One micron is related to centimetre as

(A) 1 micron = 108 cm
(B) 1 micron = 106 cm
(C) 1 micron = 105 cm
(D) 1 micron = 104 cm
10
System of units
Which of the following system of units is not

based on units of mass, length and time alone?
(A) S.I.
(B) M.K.S
(C) F.P.S
(D) C.G.S
1.5
3.
The physical quantity denoted by

mass pressure
is _______.
density
(A) force
(B) momentum
(C) angular momentum (D) work
4.
Universal time is based on

(A) rotation of the earth on its axis.
(B) Earths orbital motion around the Sun.
(C) vibrations of cesium atom.
(D) oscillations of quartz crystal.
5.
1 a.m.u. is equivalent to
(B)
(A) 1.6 1027 kg
24
(C) 1.6 10 g
(D)
Electronic analytical balance
An analytical balance is a balance designed to

measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The
measuring pan (0.1 mg) is inside a transparent
enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect
and air currents in the room do not affect the
balance's operation.
Electronic analytical scale measures the force
needed to counter the mass being measured rather
than using actual masses.
If u1 and u2 are the units selected in two

systems of measurement and n1 and n2 are
their numerical values, then
(A) n1u1 = n2u2
(B) n1u1 + n2u2 = 0
(C) n1n2 = u1u2
(D) (n1+ u1) = (n2 + u2)
1.3
2.
934 MeV
All of the above
6.
The S.I. unit of momentum is

kg
kg m
(B)
(A)
m
sec
2
kg m
(D) kg newton
(C)
sec
7.
Curie is a unit of
(A) energy of -rays
(B) half life
(C) radioactivity
(D) intensity of -rays
8.
S = A(1 eBxt), where S is speed and x is

displacement. The unit of B is
(A) m1s1
(B) m2s
2
(C) s
(D) s1

9.
10.
11.
To determine the Youngs modulus of a wire,

F L
; where L = length,
the formula is Y =
A L
A = area of cross-section of the wire, L =
change in length of the wire when stretched
with a force F. The conversion factor to
change it from CGS to MKS system is
(A) 1
(B) 10
(C) 0.1
(D) 0.01
The moon subtends an angle of 57 minute at
the base-line equal to the radius of the earth.
What is the distance of the moon from the
earth? [Radius of the earth = 6.4 106 m]
(B) 3.86 108 m
(A) 11.22 108 m
3
(C) 3.68 10 cm (D) 3.68 108 cm
The angular diameter of the sun is 1920. If
the distance of the sun from the earth is
1.5 1011 m, then the linear diameter of the
sun is
(B) 0.7 109 m
(A) 2.6 109 m
(C) 5.2 109 m
(D) 1.4 109 m
1.6
12.
17.
If the magnitude of length is halved and that

of mass is doubled then dimension of force is
(A) [M2L2T2]
(B) [M2L1/2T2]
(D) [M1L1T2]
(C) [M2L1/2T2]
18.
Out of the following pairs, which one does

NOT have identical dimensions?
(A) Energy and moment of force
(B) Work and torque
(C) Density and surface energy
(D) Pressure and stress
19.
Which of the following equations is

dimensionally correct?
(A) pressure = Energy per unit volume
(B) pressure = Energy per unit area
(C) pressure = Momentum volume time
(D) pressure = Force area
20.
The dimensional formula for impulse is the

same as dimensional formula for _______.
(A) acceleration
(B) force
(C) momentum
(D) rate of change in momentum
21.
The dimensions of
The fundamental physical quantities that have

same dimensions in the dimensional formulae
of torque and angular momentum are
(A) mass, time
(B) time, length
(C) mass, length
(D) time, mole
13.
Which of the following represents correct

dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity?
(A) [M1L1T2]
(B) [M1L1T1]
(C) [M1L1T1]
(D) [M1L2T2]
14.
The dimensional equation for the electrical

resistance of a conductor is
(A) [M1L2T2I1]
(B) [M1L2T2I1]
1 1 3 2
(D) [M1L2T3I2]
(C) [M L T I ]
15.
Dimensions of length in electric dipole

moment, electric flux and electric field are
respectively
(A) L, L2, L3
(B) L3, L2, L
(C) L1, L3, L3
(D) L, L3, L
16.
If L denotes the inductance of an inductor

through which a current i is flowing, the
dimensions of Li2 are
(A) [L2M1T2]
(B) Not expressible in LMT
(C) [L1M1T2]
(D) [L2M2T2]
(A)
(C)
Velocity
Capacitance
1
is that of
00
(B)
(D)
Time
Distance
22.
Which of the following pair has same

dimensions?
(A) Current density and charge density
(B) Angular momentum and momentum
(C) Spring constant and surface energy
(D) Force and torque
23.
The terminal velocity v of a small steel ball of

radius r falling under gravity through a
column of viscous liquid coefficient of
viscosity depends on mass of the ball m,
acceleration due to gravity g. Which of the
following relation is dimensionally correct?
mgr
(A) v
(B) v mgr
mg
mg
(D) v
(C) v
r
r
24.
A force F is given by F = at + bt2, where t is

time. What are the dimensions of a and b?
(A) [M1L1T1] and [M1L1T0]
(B) [M1L1T3] and [M1L1T4]
(C) [M1L1T4] and [M1L1T1]
(D) [M1L3T1] and [M1L1T4]
11

25.
The force F is expressed in terms of distance x and

time t as F = a x + bt2. The dimensions of a/b is
(B) [M0L1/2T2]
(A) [M0L0T2]
(C) [M0L1/2T2]
(D) [M0L1/2T2]
26.
For the equation F Aa vb dc, where F is the

force, A is the area, v is the velocity and d is the
density, the values of a, b and c are respectively
(A) 1, 2, 1
(B) 2, 1, 1
(C) 1, 1, 2
(D) 0, 1, 1
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Using the principle of homogeneity of

dimensions, find which of the following relation
is correct? [T is the time period, a is the radius of
the orbit and M is the mass of the sun.]
4 2 a 3
4 2 a 3
(B) T2 =
(A) T2 =
G
GM
4 2 a 3
(C) T2 = 42a3
(D) T2 =
GM 2
The period of a body under SHM is
represented by T = PaDbSc ; where P is
pressure, D is density and S is surface tension.
The value of a, b and c are
3 1
(A) , , 1
(B) 1, 2, 3
2 2
1
3 1
1
(C)
,
(D) 1, 2,
2
2 2
3
The equation of a wave is given by
x
Y = A sin k
v
where is the angular velocity and v is the

linear velocity. The dimension of k is
(A) LT
(B) T
(D) T2
(C) T1
Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation:
a t2
P=
bx
Where P is pressure, x is distance and t is time.
(B) [M1L0T2]
(A) [M1L1T2]
1 2 2
(C) [M L T ]
(D) [M1L2T2]
The equation of state of some gases can be
a
expressed as P + 2 (V b) = RT. Here P is

V
the pressure, V is the volume, T is the absolute

temperature and a, b, R are constants. The
dimensions of a are
(A) [M1L5T2]
(B) [ML1T2]
0 3 0
(D) [M0L6T0]
(C) [M L T ]
12
32.
If the speed of light (c), acceleration due to

gravity (g) and pressure (p) are taken as the
fundamental quantities, then the dimension of
gravitational constant is
(A) [c2g0p2]
(B) [c0g2p1]
3 2
(C) [cg p ]
(D) [c1g0p1]
33.
The value of acceleration due to gravity is

980 cm s2. If the unit of length is kilometre
and that of time is minute then value of
acceleration due to gravity is
(A) 980 km min2
(B) 98 km min2
(C) 35.28 km min2 (D) 28.35 km min2
1.7
34.
The magnitude of any physical quantity can be

expressed as A 10n where n is a number
called order of magnitude and A is
(A) 0.1 A < 1
(B) 0.5 A < 5
(C) 5 A < 9
(D) 1 A > 9
35.
The radius of the earth is 6400 km, the order

of magnitude is
(B) 104 m
(A) 107 m
3
(D) 102 m
(C) 10 m
36.
The order of magnitude of 49 and the order of

magnitude of 51
(A) is same.
(B) differs by 1.
(C) is 1.
(D) is 2.
37.
Calculate the number of seconds in a day and

express it in the order of magnitude.
(A) 8.64 104 s, 105 s (B) 6.84 104 s, 104 s
(C) 8.64 105 s, 105 s (D) 6.85 104 s, 105 s
38.
Figure which is of some significance but it

does not necessarily denote certainty is
defined as _______.
(A) special figures
(B) characteristic figures
(C) unknown figures
(D) significant figures
39.
The number of significant figures in all the

given numbers 25.12, 2009, 4.156 and
1.217 104 is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
40.
The answer of (9.15 + 3.8) with due regards

to significant figure is
(A) 13.000
(B) 13.00
(C) 13.0
(D) 13
41.
In the reading 2.614 cm of measurement with

a vernier calliper, only uncertain figure is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 6
42.
The sides of a rectangle are 6.01 m and 12 m.

Taking the significant figures into account, the
area of the rectangle is
(A) 72.00 cm2
(B) 72.1 cm2
2
(D) 72.12 cm2
(C) 72 m
1.8
43.
44.
48.
The percentage error in the measurement of

mass of a body is 0.75% and the percentage
error in the measurement of its speed is
1.85%. Then the percentage error in the
measurement of its kinetic energy is
(A) 7.05%
(B) 4.45%
(C) 2.6%
(D) 1.1%
49.
The error in the measurement of length (L) of

the simple pendulum is 0.1% and the error in
time period (T) is 3%. The maximum possible
L
error in the measurement of 2 is
T
(A) 2.9%
(B) 3.1%
(C) 5.9%
(D) 6.1%
50.
The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum

l
is given by T = 2
where l is about
g
100 cm and is known to have 1 mm accuracy.
The period is about 2 s. The time of
100 oscillations is measured by a stop watch of
least count 0.1 s. The percentage error in g is
(A) 0.1%
(B) 1%
(C) 0.2%
(D) 0.8%
51.
The length, breadth and height of a rectangular

block of wood were measured to be
l = 13.12 0.02 cm, b = 7.18 0.01 cm,
h = 4.16 0.02 cm.
The percentage error in the volume of the
block will be
(A) 7%
(B) 0.77%
(C) 0.72%
(D) 0.27%
52.
The heat dissipated in a resistance can be

I 2 Rt
cal
determined from the relation: H =
4.2
If the maximum errors in the measurement of
current, resistance and time are 2%, 1% and
1% respectively, what would be the maximum
error in the dissipated heat?
(A) 5%
(B) 4%
(C) 6%
(D) 0.5%
Estimate the mean absolute error from the

following data.
20.17, 21.23, 20.79, 22.07, 21.78
(A) 0.85
(B) 0.58
(C) 0.03
(D) 0.01
In the expression A =
xy3
the percentage
z2
error is given by
45.
(A)
x
y
z
+3
2 100%
y
z
x
(B)
x 3y 2z
+
+
100%
y
z
x
(C)
x 3y 2z
100%
y
z
x
(D)
x
y
z
3
+ 2 100%
y
z
x
The least count of a screw gauge is 0.005 cm.

The diameter of a wire is 0.020 cm as measured
by it. The percentage error in measurement is
(A) 25%
(B) 20%
(C) 15%
(D) 5%
46.
The percentage error in the measurement of

radius r of a sphere is 0.1% then the percentage
error introduced in the measurement of volume
is
(A) 0.1%
(B) 0.2%
(C) 0.25%
(D) 0.3%
47.
The pressure on a square plate is measured by

measuring the force on the plate and the length
of the sides of the plate. If the maximum error
in the measurement of force and length are
respectively 4% and 2%, The maximum error
in the measurement of pressure is
(A) 1%
(B) 2%
(C) 6%
(D) 8%
Miscellaneous
53.
If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are

assumed to be fundamental quantities, then
energy has dimensional formula
(B) [P1A1/2T1]
(A) [P1A1/2T1]
(D) [P1A1T1]
(C) [P2A1T1]
13

54.
55.
Assertion: Avogadro number is the number of

atoms in one gram mole.
Competitive Thinking
Reason: Avogadro number is a dimensionless

constant.
1.5
(A)
Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason

is a correct explanation for Assertion
(B)

is not a correct explanation for Assertion
(C)
Assertion is True, Reason is False
(D)
Assertion is False, Reason is False.
1.
Correct unit of surface tension is

[MH CET 2011]
J
N
(B)
(A)
m
m2
J
(C) J m
(D)
m2
2.
Which of the following is not the unit of

energy?
[MP PET 98, 2000]
(A) watt-hour
(B) electron volt
(C) N m
(D) kg m2 s2
3.
Units of a in Van der Waals equation of state

is
[MH CET 2002]
(A) Nm4/mole.
(B) Nm2/mole.
(C) N2m/mole.
(D) none of these.
4.
Unit of constant b in Van der Waals equation

[MH CET 2006]
is
3
(A) m /mole
(B) m2/mole
(C) m/mole
(D) m3
5.
The S.I. units of the constant in Weins

displacement law are
[MH CET 2008; 09]
(B) mK
(A) cm K1
(C) cm2K1
(D) cm K2
6.
S. I unit of principle specific heat is

[MH CET 2004]
(A) kcal/gm K
(B) cal/gm K
(C) J/kg K
(D) erg/kg K
7.
As is unit of
(A) capacitance.
(C) energy.
8.
S.I. unit of specific resistance is

[MH CET 2004]
(A) cm
(B) m
(C) /cm
(D) mho-cm
9.
1 Tesla =
Assertion: The graph between P and Q is

straight line, when P/Q is constant.
Reason: The straight line graph means that P
is proportional to Q or P is equal to constant
multiplied by Q.
(A)

(B)

(C)
Assertion is True, Reason is False
(D)
Assertion is False, Reason is False.

Quartz crystal clock
A quartz clock is a clock that uses an electronic

oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time.
This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very
precise frequency, so that clock has an accuracy of
1 s in every 109 s.
14
(A)
(C)
10.
1 Wb/m
1 N/Am
[MH CET 2002]

(B) charge.
(D) power.
(B)
(D)
[MH CET 2004]

1 J/Am
1 Am/N
Unit of in radioactivity is
(A)
(C)
m
(year)1
(B)
(D)
[MH CET 2002]

(unit of half life)1
sec

11.
If the unit of length and force be increased

four times, then the unit of energy is
[Kerala PMT 2005]
(A) Increased 4 times
(B) Increased 8 times
(C) Increased 16 times
(D) Decreased 16 times
12.
The surface tension of a liquid is

108 dyne/cm. It is equivalent to
[MH CET 1999]
(A) 107 N/m
(B) 106 N/m
(C) 105 N/m
(D) 104 N/m
18.
Which of the following set have different

[IIT 2005]
dimensions?
(A) Pressure, Youngs modulus, stress
(B) e.m.f, potential difference, electric
potential
(C) Heat, work done, energy
(D) dipole moment, electric flux, electric
field
19.
The dimensions of universal gravitational

constant are
[AIIMS 2000; MH CET 2006;
Orissa JEE 2010]
2 2 2
(A) [M L T ]
(B) [M1L3T2]
1 2
(D) [ML2T2]
(C) [ML T ]
20.
Dimension of angular momentum is

[MH CET 2004]
(A) [M1L2T2]
(B) [M1L2T1]
(D) [M1L0T1]
(C) [M1L2T1]
21.
Dimension of surface tension is

[MH CET 2002]
1 2 2
(B) [M1L0T2]
(A) [M L T ]
(D) [M0 L0 T2]
(C) [M1L2T2]
22.
Dimension of force constant is given by,

[MH CET 2003]
(A) [M1L1T2]
(B) [M0L1T1]
(D) [M1L0T1]
(C) [M1L0T2]
23.
The dimensions of K in the equation

1
W = Kx 2 is
[Orissa JEE 2003]
2
(A) [M1L0T2]
(B) [M0L1T1]
(D) [M1L0T1]
(C) [M1L1T2]
24.
An object is moving through the liquid. The

viscous damping force acting on it is
proportional to the velocity. Then dimension
of constant of proportionality is
[Orissa JEE 2002]
(A) [M1L1T1]
(B) [M1L1T1]
(D) [M1L0T1]
(C) [M0L1T1]
25.
The dimensional formula for Reynolds

[MH CET 2014]
number is
(A) [L0 M0 T0]
(B) [L1 M1 T1]
(C) [L1 M1 T1]
(D) [L1 M1 T1]
1.6
13.
14.
15.
L
The quantities RC and (where R, L and
R
C stand for resistance, inductance and
capacitance respectively) have the dimensions
of
[Kerala PET 2010]
(A) force
(B) linear momentum
(C) linear acceleration(D) time
R, L and C represent the physical quantities

resistance, inductance and capacitance
respectively. Which one of the following
combination has dimensions of frequency?
[IIT JEE 1986]
R
R
(A)
(B)
L
RC
1
C
(C)
(D)
LC
L
LV
The quantity X = 0 :0 is the permittivity
t
of free space, L is length, V is potential
difference and t is time. The dimensions of X
are same as that of
[IIT JEE 2001; AMU (Engg.) 2009]
(A) Resistance
(B) Charge
(C) Voltage
(D) Current
16.
Plancks constant has same dimensions as

[MH CET 2004]
(A) energy.
(B) angular momentum.
(C) mass.
(D) force.
17.
Dimensions of plancks constant are same as

the dimensions of the product of
[MH CET 2010]
(A) Force and time
(B) Force, displacement and time.
(C) Force and velocity
(D) Force and displacement
15
26.
The dimensions of universal gas constant is

[Pb PET 2003; AIIMS 2010]
2 2 1
(A) [ML T ]
(B) [M2LT2]
3 1 1
(C) [ML T ]
(D) None of these
27.
The relation between force F and density d

x
. The dimensions of x are
is F =
d
[MH CET 2014]
1/ 2
3/ 2
2
(A) [L M T ] (B) [L1/ 2 M1/ 2 T 2 ]
(C)
28.
29.
30.
31.
[L1 M 3/2 T 2 ]
(D)
34.
If X = 3YZ2 then the dimension of Y in MKS

system, if X and Z are the dimension of
capacity and magnetic field respectively is
[MP PMT 2003]
(A) [M3L2T4A1] (B) [M1L2]
(C) [M3L2T4A4]
(D) [M3L2T8A4]
35.
If the time period (T) of vibration of a liquid

drop depends on surface tension (S), radius (r)
of the drop and density () of the liquid, then
[AMU (Med.) 2000]
the expression of T is
[L1 M1/ 2 T 2 ]
What is dimension of a in Van der Waals

[MH CET 2005]
equation?
1 1 2
2
(A) [M L T mol ] (B) [M1L3T2mol2]
(C) [M1L5T2mol2] (D) [M1L3T2mol1]
36.
Let [0] denote the dimensional formula of

the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass,
L = length, T = time and A = electric current,
then
[JEE (Main) 2013]
(A) [0] = [M1 L3 T2 A]
(B) [0] = [M1 L3 T4 A2]
(C) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A2]
(D) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A]
1
E2, where 0 is
2 0
permittivity of free space and E is electric
field, is
[AIPMT 2010]
(A) [L2M1T2]
(B) [L1M1T2]
(D) [L1M1T1]
(C) [L2M1T2]
The dimension of
Dimensions of magnetic flux is

[MH CET 2001]
1 2 2
1
(A) [M L T A ] (B) [M1 L1 T2 A1]
(C) [M1 L1 T2 A1] (D) [M1 L2 T2 A1]
32.
The velocity v of a particle at time t is given

b
, where a, b and c are
by v = at +
t+c
constants. The dimensions of a, b and c are
respectively
[AIPMT 2006]
2
(A) L, LT and T
(B) LT2, L and T
2
2
(D) LT2, LT and L
(C) L ,T and LT
33.
If E, M, J and G respectively denote energy,

mass, angular momentum and gravitational
EJ 2
constant, then 5 2 has the dimensions of
MG
[AIIMS 1985; IIT 1990]
(A) length
(B) angle
(C) mass
(D) time
16
(A)
T = k r 3 / S
(C)
T = k r 3 / S1/ 2 (D) T = None of these
In the relation P =
(B)
Z
k
T= k 1/ 2 r 3 / S
P is pressure, Z is
the distance, k is Boltzmanns constant and

is the temperature. The dimensional formula
of will be
[IIT (Screening) 2004]
0 2 0
(A) [M L T ]
(B) [M1L2T1]
(C) [M1L0T1]
(D) [M0L2T1]
1.7
37.
The number of significant figures in 0.002305

[Kerala PET 2010]
is
(A) 6
(B) 4
(C) 7
(D) 2
38.
The respective number of significant figures

for the numbers 23.023, 0.0003 and 2.1 103
are
[AIEEE 2010]
(A) 4, 4, 2
(B) 5, 1, 2
(C) 5, 1, 5
(D) 5, 5, 2
39.
In an experiment the angles are required to be

measured using an instrument. 29 divisions of
the main scale exactly coincide with the 30
divisions of the vernier scale. If the smallest
division of the main scale is half-a-degree
(=0.5) then the least count of the instrument
is
[AIEEE 2009]
(A) one minute
(B) half minute
(C) one degree
(D) half degree
40.
A vernier callipers has 1 mm marks on the

main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the
Vernier scale which match with 16 main scale
divisions. For this Vernier callipers, the least
count is
[IIT JEE 2010]
(A) 0.02 m
(B) 0.05 mm
(C) 0.1 mm
(D) 0.2 mm

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a

Vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found
that the zero of the Vernier scale lies between
5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main scale. The
Vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to
2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier
scale exactly coincides with one of the main
scale divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is
[JEE (Advanced) 2013]
(A) 5.112 cm
(B) 5.124 cm
(C) 5.136 cm
(D) 5.148 cm
A student measured the length of a rod and
wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he
use to measure it?
[JEE (Main) 2014]
(A) A meter scale
(B) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions
in vernier scale matches with 9 division
in main scale and main scale has
10 divisions in 1 cm
(C) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
(D) A screw guage having 50 divisions in
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
In a vernier callipers, one main scale division
is x cm and n divisions of the vernier scale
coincide with (n 1) divisions of the main
scale. The least count (in cm) of the callipers
is
[AMU PMT 2009]
nx
n 1
(A)
(B)
x
(n 1)
n
x
x
(D)
(C)
(n 1)
n
A screw guage gives the following reading
when used to measure the diameter of a wire.
Main scale reading : 0 mm
Circular scale reading : 52 divisions
The diameter of wire from the above data is
[AIEEE 2011]
(A) 0.52 cm
(B) 0.052 cm
(C) 0.026 cm
(D) 0.005 cm
A spectrometer gives the following reading
when used to measure the angle of a prism.
Main scale reading : 58.5 degree
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions
Given that 1 division on main scale
corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total divisions on
the vernier scale is 30 and match with 29
divisions of the main scale. The angle of the
prism from the above data
[AIEEE 2012]
(A) 58.59 degree
(B) 58.77 degree
(C) 58.65 degree
(D) 59 degree

1.8
46.
Choose the INCORRECT statement out of the

[AMU 2010]
following.
(A) Every measurement by any measuring
instrument has some error.
(B) Every calculated physical quantity that
is based on measured values has some
error.
(C) A measurement can have more accuracy
but less precision and vice versa.
(D) The percentage error is different from
relative error.
47.
Assertion: The error in the measurement of

radius of the sphere is 0.3%. The permissible
error in its surface area is 0.6%.
Reason: The permissible error is calculated by
A
4r
the formula
=
[AIIMS 2008]
A
r
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
48.
If radius of the sphere is (5.3 0.1) cm. Then

percentage error in its volume will be
[Pb PET 2000]
100
1
100
0.01
(A) 3 + 6.01
(B)
5.3
3
5.3
3 0.1
0.1
100 (D)
100
(C)
5.3
5.3
49.
Resistance of a given wire is obtained by

measuring the current flowing in it and the
voltage difference applied across it. If the
percentage errors in the measurement of the
current and the voltage difference are 3%
each, then error in the value of resistance of
the wire is
[AIEEE 2012]
(A) 6%
(B) Zero
(C) 1%
(D) 3%
50.
In an experiment four quantities a, b, c and d

are measured with percentage error 1%, 2%,
3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is
calculated as follows:
a 3 b2
% error in P is [NEET UG 2013]
P=
cd
(A) 14%
(B) 10%
(C) 7%
(D) 4%
17

51.
52.
Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw

gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main
scale. The total number of divisions on the
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.03 mm.
While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a
student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm
and the number of circular scale divisions in
line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of
the wire is
[AIEEE 2008]
(A) 3.73 mm
(B) 3.67 mm
(C) 3.38 mm
(D) 3.32 mm
(A)
(C)
54.
(D)
55.
The circular divisions of shown screw gauge

are 50. It moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one
rotation. The diameter of the ball is
[IIT JEE 2006]
O 30
O 10
25
5
0
53.
(C)
2.25 mm
1.20 mm
20
(B)
(D)
2.20 mm
1.25 mm
The density of a solid ball is to be determined

in an experiment. The diameter of the ball is
measured with a screw gauge, whose pitch is
0.5 mm and there are 50 divisions on the
circular scale. The reading on the main scale is
2.5 mm and that on the circular scale is 20
divisions. If the measured mass of the ball has
a relative error of 2%, the relative percentage
error in the density is
[IIT JEE 2011]
(A) 0.9%
(B) 2.4%
(C) 3.1%
(D) 4.2%
I
II
III
of length L = 2 m and diameter d = 0.5 mm is

used. For a load M = 2.5 Kg, an extension l =
0.25mm in the length of the wire is observed.
Quantities d and l are measured using a screw
gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They
have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number
of divisions on their circular scale is 100. The
contributions to the maximum probable error
of the Y measurement are
[IIT JEE 2012]
(A) due to the errors in the measurements of
d and l are the same.
(B) due to the error in the measurement of d
is twice that due to the error in the
measurement of l.
18
Students I, II and III perform an experiment for

measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g)
using a simple pendulum. They use different
lengths of the pendulum and/or record time for
different number of oscillations. The
observations are shown in the table.
Least count for length = 0.1 cm
Least count for time = 0.1 s
Length of
the
pendulum
(cm)
64.0
64.0
20.0
Total time
Number of
for (n)
oscillation
oscillations
(n)
(s)
8
128.0
4
64.0
4
36.0
Time
period
(s)
16.0
16.0
9.0
If EI, EII and EIII are the percentage errors in g,

g
100 for students I, II and III,

i.e.,
g
respectively,
[IIT JEE 2008]
(A) EI = 0
(B) EI is minimum
(C) EI = EII
(D) EII is maximum
In the determination of Youngs modulus

4MLg
Y =
by using Searles method, a wire
ld 2
due to the error in the measurement of l

is twice that due to the error in the
measurement of d.
due to the error in the measurement of d
is four times that due to the error in the
measurement of l.
Miscellaneous
56.
One femtometer is equivalent to [DCE 2004]

(A)
1015 m
(B)
1015 m
(C)
1012 m
(D)
1012 m
57.
Which of the following units denotes the

dimensions ML2/Q2 where Q denotes the
electric charge?
[AIEEE 2006]
(A) henry (H)
(B) H/m2
(C) weber (Wb)
(D) Wb/m2
58.
If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are

taken as fundamental units, then the
[AIPMT 2014]
dimensions of mass are
1
(B) [F V T2]
(A) [F V T ]
(C) [F V1 T1]
(D) [F V1 T]
Answer Key
Classical Thinking
1.
(B)
2.
(C)
3.
(B)
4.
(D)
5.
(D)
6.
(C)
7.
(A)
8.
(B)
9.
(B)
10. (B)
11. (D)
12. (A)
13. (D)
14. (D)
15. (D)
16. (C)
17. (C)
18. (D)
19. (C)
20. (B)
21. (A)
22. (B)
23. (D)
24. (D)
25. (A)
26. (B)
27. (C)
28. (D)
29. (D)
30. (D)
31. (A)
32. (C)
33. (A)
34. (B)
35. (D)
36. (C)
37. (B)
38. (D)
39. (D)
40. (D)
41. (C)
42. (B)
43. (A)
44. (B)
45. (B)
46. (A)
47. (D)
48. (A)
49. (C)
50. (B)
51. (A)
52. (A)
53. (B)
54. (C)
55. (C)
56. (B)
57. (C)
58. (D)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(C)
10. (B)
Critical Thinking
1.
(A)
2.
(A)
(D)
(C)
(D)
(B)
(C)
(A)
11. (D)
12. (C)
13. (B)
14. (D)
15. (D)
16. (A)
17. (D)
18. (C)
19. (A)
20. (C)
21. (A)
22. (C)
23. (C)
24. (B)
25. (C)
26. (A)
27. (B)
28. (A)
29. (B)
30. (B)
31. (A)
32. (B)
33. (C)
34. (B)
35. (A)
36. (B)
37. (A)
38. (D)
39. (D)
40. (C)
41. (C)
42. (C)
43. (B)
44. (B)
45. (A)
46. (D)
47. (D)
48. (B)
49. (D)
50. (C)
51. (B)
52. (C)
53. (B)
54. (C)
55. (A)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(C)
10. (B)
1.
(D)
2.
(C)
3.
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(B)
(B)
11. (C)
12. (C)
13. (D)
14. (B)
15. (D)
16. (B)
17. (B)
18. (D)
19. (B)
20. (C)
21. (B)
22. (C)
23. (A)
24. (D)
25. (A)
26. (A)
27. (A)
28. (C)
29. (B)
30. (B)
31. (D)
32. (B)
33. (B)
34. (D)
35. (A)
36. (A)
37. (B)
38. (B)
39. (A)
40. (D)
41. (B)
42. (B)
43. (C)
44. (B)
45. (C)
46. (D)
47. (C)
48. (C)
49. (A)
50. (A)
51. (C)
52. (C)
53. (C)
54. (A)
55. (C)
56. (B)
57. (A)
58. (D)
Hints
Classical Thinking
13.
Temperature is a fundamental quantity.
26.
1 dyne = 105 N, 1 cm2 = 104 m2

103 dyne/cm2 = 103 105/104 N/m2
= 102 N/m2
OR
Using quick conversion for pressure,
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2
103 dyne/cm2 = 103 0.1 = 102 N/m2
57.
100 %
Percentage error =
d
0.01
100 %
=
1.03
= 0.97%
Critical Thinking
1.
Physical quantity (M)

= Numerical value (n) Unit (u)
If physical quantity remains constant then
n 1/u n1u1 = n2u2.
19

2.
3.
Because in S.I. system, there are seven

fundamental quantities.
16.
mass pressure m (F / A) F V
=
=
density
(m / V)
A
17.
F (A s)
= F s = work
A
6.
m
mv = kg
sec
7.
Curie = disintegration/second
8.
Bxt is unitless.
Unit of B is m1s1.
9.
Y=
10.
21.
23.
24.
F L
dyne 105 N
.
=
=
= 0.1 N/m2
A L
cm 2 104 m 2
o
11.
25.
Distance of sun from earth, s = 1.5 1011 m

Angular diameter of sun,
1920
1920
= 1920 =
rad
=
3600 180
60
60
Diameter of sun, D = s
1920
= 1.5 1011
3600 180
D 1.4 109 m
12.
Torque = [M1L2T2],
Angular momentum = [M1L2T1]
So mass and length have the same dimensions.
13.
According to Poiseuilles formula,

Pr 4
=
8l (dV / dt)
[M1L1T2 ][L4 ]
= [M1L1T1]
1
3
1
[L ][L / T ]
[] =
15.
[Dipole moment] = [M0L1T1A1]

[Electric flux]
= [M1L3T3A1]
[Electric field] = [M1L1T3A1]
20
The dimension of a quantity is independent of

changes in its magnitude.
1
00
= c = velocity of light
M1 L1T 2
mg
= 1 1 1
= [L1T1]
r
L M T L1
From F = at + bt2
1 2
M1LT
F
=
= [M1L1T3]
a=
T1
t
M1L1T 2
F
b= 2 =
= [M1L1T4]
2
T
t

Parallactic angle, = 57
57
57
= =
rad
60 180
60
b = Radius of earth = 6.4 106 m
Distance of the moon from the earth,
6.4 106 60 180
b
=
s=
57
8
s = 3.86 10 m
1 2
Li = energy stored in an inductor
2
= [M1L2T2]
F= a x
a=
M1L1T 2
=
= [M1L1/2T2]
1/ 2
L
x
bt2 = F
F
b= 2
t
M1L1T 2
=
= [M1L1T4]
T 2
M1L1/ 2 T 2
a
=
= [L1/2 T2]
b
M1L1T 4
[M1L1T2] = [L2]a [L1T1]b [M1L3]c

= [L2a] [LbTb] [McL3c]
= [Mc L2a + b 3c Tb]
Comparing powers of M, L and T,
c = 1, 2a + b 3c = 1,
b = 2
b=2
2a + 2 3(1) = 1
2a = 2
a=1
27.
Let T2 =
26.
4 2 a x
G y Mz
42 being pure number is dimensionless.
[M 0 L1T 0 ]x
[M0L0T2] =
[M1L3T2 ] y [M1L0 T 0 ]z
28.
29.
[M0L0T2] = [Lx] [M1L3T2]y [M1]z

Comparing powers of M, L and T
y z = 0,
x 3y = 0 and
2y = 2
y=1
Substituting value of y,
z = 1, x = 3
4 2 a 3
Thus, T2 =
GM
a
T=PDS
[M0L0T1] = [M1L1T2]a [M1L3T0]b [M1L0T2]c
Comparing powers of M, L, T
a + b + c = 0,
a 3b = 0 and
2a 2c = 1
3
1
Solving, a = , b =
and c = 1.
2
2
a t2
bx
a = [t2] = [T2]
T2
P=
bx
P=
T
T2
=
=
1 1 2
Px
M L T L1
2
b=
32.
1 km 1 min
= 980 10 3600
= 35.28 km min2
The number of significant figures in all of the

given number is 4.
41.
A vernier calliper has a least count 0.01 cm.

Hence measurement is accurate only upto
three significant figures.
42.
In multiplication or division, final result

should retain the same number of significant
figures as there are in the original number with
the least significant figures.
Area of rectangle = 6 12 = 72 m2
43.
am =
20.17 + 21.23 + 20.79 + 22.07 + 21.78

5
am = 21.21
a1 = 21.21 20.17= 1.04
a2 = 21.21 21.23 = 0.02
a3 = 0.42
a4 = 0.86
a5 = 0.57
am =
a1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5
5
1.04 + 0.02 + 0.42 + 0.86 + 0.57
= 0.58
=
5
45.
100 %
Percentage error =
d
0.005
100 % = 25%
=
0.020
x y z
Let G c g p
Substituting dimensions,
[M1L3T2]= [M0L1T1]x [M0L1T2]y [M1L1T2]z
1 = z,
x + y z = 3 and
x 2y 2z = 2
Solving, x = 0, y = 2
T2 = 1 min
39.
T 4
M1
By principle of dimensional homogeneity

a
V 2 = [P]

[a] = [P] [V2] = [M1L1T2] [L6]
= [M1L5T2]
2nd system
L2 = 1 km
L 2 T 2
M1
a
= [T2] 4 = [M1T2]
b
T
31.
s
t2
10 5 km 1 /60 min
n = L 1 T 1 = 980

In the given wave equation x denotes

x
Acceleration due to gravity = g =

g = [L1T2]
a = 1, b = 2
1st system
L1 = 1 cm
= 105 km
1
T1 = 1 s = min
60
b c
displacement. Thus has dimensions of T.

v
Hence from the principle of homogenity k has
dimensions of T.
30.
33.
46.
4
r
100 = 0.1% and V = r 3
r
3
V
Percentage error in volume =
%
V
3r
=
= 0.3%
r
21

47.
48.
49.
50.
F
F
= 2
A
l
so maximum error in pressure (P)
F
l
P
100 + 2 100
100 =
F
l
P
max
= 4% + 2 2%
= 8%
P=
m 2v
+
Percentage error in K.E =
%
v
m
= (0.75 + 2 1.85)%
= 4.45%
Maximum possible error in measurement of
L L
T
+2
=
%
2
T
T
L
= (0.1 + 2 3) % = 6.1%
T = 2 l / g T2 = 42l/g g =
42 l
T2
1mm
0.1
100 = 0.1%
100 =
% error in l =
100cm
100
1 0.1
100 = 0.05%
2 100
% error in g = % error in l + 2(% error in T)

= 0.1 + (2 0.05) = 0.2 %
and error in T =
51.
52.
3.
4.
12.
1 dyne = 105 N and 1 cm = 102 m

1 dyne/cm = 103 N/m
108 dyne/cm = 105 N/m
13.
I 2 Rt
4.2
H
I R t
+ %
% Error,
100 = 2 +
R
t
H
I
= 2 2 + 1 + 1 = 6%
54.
Avogadro number (N) represents the number

of atoms in 1 gram mole of an element. i.e., it
has the dimensions of mole1.
As the graph is a straight line , P Q, or
P
= constant.
P = Constant Q i.e.,
Q
22
From Van der Waals equation,

nb has dimensions of volume.
V
b=
n
Thus, S.I. units of b is m3/mol.
Energy = force distance, so if both are increased
by 4 times then energy will increase by 16 times.
H=
[Energy] = [M1L2T2]
= [M1L1T1] [L1] [T1]
= P1A1/2T1
The van der Waals equation for n moles of

the gas is,
n 2a
P
+
[V nb] = nRT
V2
Volume
Pressure
correction
correction
F
V 2 FlV Fl 4
PV 2 A
= 2 = 2
a= 2 =
n
n2
n
n
Thus, S.I.Units of a is N m4/mol2.
11.
V
l b h
100 = +
+
100%
V
b
h
l
0.02 0.01 0.02
+
+
=
100%
13.12 7.18 4.16
= 0.77%
53.
55.
RC is the time constant of RC circuit and

L
is the time constant of LR circuit. Hence,
R
L
both RC and have the dimensions of time
R
Alternate method:
coulomb
RC = ohm farad = ohm
volt
coulomb coulomb
volt
=
=
volt
ampere
ampere
= second = [T] and
L
henry
=
R
ohm
ohm second
=
ohm
= second = [T]
Both RC and
15.
[ 0 L] = [C]
X=
L
have the dimensions of time.
R
0 LV C V Q
=
= = Current
t
t
t
Gm1m 2
r2
Fr 2
G=
m1m 2
30.
19.
F=
M L T L
[G] =
2
1 1
OR
2
1
0 E2 = u
2
where u is energy density and has dimensions
[M1L1T2]
= [M1L3T2]
23.
1 2
Kx
2
[W]
[K] = 2
[x ]
32.
W=
M1L2 T 2
=
2
L
1 2
= [M T ]
24.
26.
33.
Fv
F = kv
[M1L2 T 2 ][M1L2 T 1 ]2
[M1 ]5 [M 1L3T 2 ]2
= [M0L0T0]
The dimensions of angle is [M0L0T0].
M1L1T 2
F
= 1 1 = [M1L0T1]
v
LT
34.
Y=
PV
M1L1T 2 L3
1 2 2 1
=
= [M L T ]
35.
Let T Sxryz
[M0L0T1] = [M1L0T2]x [M0L1T0]y [M1L3T0]z
x + z = 0,
y 3z = 0 and
2x = 1
1
3
1
Solving, x = , y = , z =
2
2
2
1/2 3/2 1/2
Thus, T S r
x
d
[x] = [ F][ d ]
1/ 2
1/ 2
= M1L1T 2 M1L3T 0
= M 3/ 2 L1/ 2 T 2
29.
EJ 2
M 5G 2
F=
c = [T]
v [L1 T 1 ]
a=
=
t
[T1 ]
= [L1T2]
b = v(t + c) = [L1T1] T1 = [L1]
27.
28.
[0E2] = [0] [E]2

= [M1L3T4A2] [M1L1T3A1]2
= [M1L1T2A0]
The van der Waals equation for n moles of

the gas is,
n 2a
P
+
[V nb] = nRT
V2
Volume
Pressure
correction
correction
F
2
V
FlV Fl 4
PV 2
a= 2 = A 2 = 2 = 2
n
n
n
n
4
Fl
[ a ] = 2 = [M1L5T2mol2]
n
0
q1 q 2
4 Fr 2
A2 T2
(M1L1T 2 ) L2
= [M1 L3 T4 A2]
[0] =
X
[M 1L2 T 4 A 2 ]
=
3Z2
[M1L0 T 2 A 1 ]2
= [M3L2T8A4]
T = k (r 3 / S)1/ 2 = k
36.
r 3 / S
In the given equation,
Z
k
should be
dimensionless,
k
=
Z
[M1L2 T 2 K 1 K1 ]
[] =
[L1 ]
= [M1L1T2]
And P =
1 1 2
[M L T ]
[] = = 1 1 2
P [M L T ]
[] = [M0L2T0]
23

39.
40.
Least count
30 VSD = 29 MSD
29
1 VSD =
MSD
30
L.C. = 1 MSD 1 VSD
29
= 1 MSD
30
1
=
0.5
30
= 1 minute
44.
20 VSD
= 16 MSD
1 VSD
= 0.8 MSD
Least count = MSD VSD
= 1 mm 0.8 mm
= 0.2 mm.
45.
Main scale
0.8 mm
0
41.
42.
43.
1mm
10
For a given Vernier callipers,

1 MSD = 5.15 5.10 = 0.05 cm
2.45
1 VSD =
50
= 0.049 cm
L.C
= 1 MSD 1VSD
= 0.001 cm
Thus, the reading = 5.10 + (0.001 24)
= 5.124 cm
diameter of cylinder = 5.124 cm
As per the question, the measured value is
3.50 cm. Hence the least count must be
0.01 cm = 0.1 mm
For vernier scale, where the 10 divisions in
vernier scale matches with 9 division in main
scale and main scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm
1 MSD = 1 mm and 9 MSD = 10 VSD,
Least count = 1 MSD 1 VSD = 0.1 mm
Hence, correct option is (B).
One main scale division, 1 M.S.D. = x cm
One vernier scale division,
(n 1) x
1 V.S.D. =
n
24
47.
= 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D.
nx nx + x
=
n
x
=
cm.
n
1
mm
100
= 0.01 mm
Diameter = Main scale reading + (Divisions on
circular scale least count)
1
= 0 + 52
= 0.52 mm
100
Diameter = 0.052 cm.

30 VSD = 29 MSD
29
1 VSD =
MSD
30
Least count of vernier = 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D.
0.5
29
= 0.5 0.5 =
30
30
Reading of vernier = M.S. reading

+ V.S. reading L.C.
0.5
= 58.5 + 9
30
= 58.65
A = 4r2
A
2r
=
Fractional error
A
r
A
100 = 2 0.3% = 0.6%
A
Least count of screw gauge =
4 3
r
3
r
100
% error in volume = 3
r
0.1
100
= 3
5.3
48.
Volume of sphere (V) =
49.
R=
50.
Given that: P =
V
R
V I
I
R
V
I
= 3+3
= 6%
a 3b2
cd
error contributed by a
= 3 100
a
= 3 1%
= 3%

b
= 2 100
b
= 2 2%
= 4%
c
error contributed by c = 100 = 3%

c
error contributed by d = 100 = 4%

d
Percentage error in P is given as,

p
100 = (error contributed by a)+(error
p
contributed by b) + (error contributed by c)
+ (error contributed by d)
= 3% + 4% + 3% + 4%
= 14%
error contributed by b
51.
Least count =
54.
4MLg
ld 2
l
d
Y
+2
=
l
d
Y max
Y=
Error due to l measurement
0.5 /100mm
0.25mm
= 2%
Error due to d measurement,
0.5
2
d
100
2
=
d
0.5mm
0.5 / 100
0.25
= 2%
52.
53.
0.5
= 0.05 mm
50
Actual measurement
0.5
= 2 0.5 mm + 25
0.05 mm
50
= 1 mm + 0.25 mm 0.05 mm
= 1.20 mm
g=
% error in g =
0.01
3 2.7 100%
g
100
g
T
l
= 100 + 2
100
l
T
0.1
0.1
100 + 2
EI =
100 = 1.406%
64
16
0.1
0.1
100 + 2
EII =
100 = 1.406%
64
16
0.1
0.1
100 + 2
EIII =
100 = 2.72%
20
9
Least count =
= 2% +
max
= 3.1%
4 2l
T2
55.
Zero error = 5
0.5
= 0.01 mm
50
Diameter of ball D = 2.5 mm + (20) (0.01)
D = 2.7 mm
M
M
=
=
V 4 D 3

3 2

M
D
+3

=
D
max M
l
l
Pitch
No.of div.in circular scale
0.5
= 0.01 mm
50
Actual reading = 0.01 35 + 3
= 3.35 mm
Taking error into consideration
= 3.35 + 0.03
= 3.38 mm.
Least count of both instrument

0.5
mm
d = l =
100
= 5 103mm
57.
ML2
M1L2
= M1L2T2A2
=
(A1T1 ) 2
Q2
These are the dimensions of unit Henry.
58.
F = ma =
m=
mv
t
Ft
v
Ft
[m] =
v
= [F1 V1 T1]
25
Evaluation Test
1.
When dimensions of a given physical quantity

are given, the physical quantity is unique.
(A) The statement and its converse both are
true.
(B) The statement and its converse both are
false.
(C) The statement is false but its converse is
true.
(D) The statement is true but its converse is
false.
2.
Two quantities A and B are related by the

A
= m, where m is linear mass
relation
B
density and A is force. The dimensions of B
will be same as that of
(A) latent heat
(B) pressure
(C) work
(D) momentum
3.
The readings of a constant potential difference

are noted four times by a student. The student
averages these readings but does not take into
account the zero error of the voltmeter. The
average measurement of the potential
difference is
Reading 1
Reading 2
Reading 3
Reading 4
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.
5.
Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw

gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main
scale. The total number of divisions on the
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.02 mm.
While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a
student notes the main scale reading of 4 mm
and the number of circular scale divisions in
line with the main scale as 37. The diameter of
the wire is
(A) 4.37 mm
(B) 4.39 mm
(C) 4.74 mm
(D) 4.76 mm
7.
The potential energy U of a particle varies

with distance x from a fixed origin as
A x
U= 2
where A and B are dimensional
x +B
constants. The dimensional formula for AB is
(A) [M1L7/2T2]
(B) [M1L11/2T2]
1 5/2 2
(C) [M L T ]
(D) [M1L9/2T2]
8.
Assertion: The number 37800 has three

significant digits.
Reason: All non-zero digits are significant.
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
is a correct explanation for Assertion.
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
is not a correct explanation for Assertion.
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
(D) Assertion is False but, Reason is False.
1.176 V
1.178 V
1.177 V
1.176 V
precise and accurate.

precise but not accurate.
accurate but not precise.
not accurate and not precise.
The rad is the correct unit used to report the

measurement of
(A) the rate of decay of radioactive source.
(B) the ability of a beam of gamma ray
hotons to produce ions in a target.
(C) the energy delivered by radiation to a
target.
(D) the biological effect of radiation.
The dimensions of capacitance in M, L, T and
C (Coulomb) is given as
(A) [M1L2T2C2]
(B) [L2T2C2]
(C) [M1L2T2C2]
(D) [M1L2T2C2]
26
6.
9.
10.
C
, the dimensions of B and C
D+E
are [M0LT1] and [M0LT0], respectively. Find
the dimensions of A, D and E.
(A) A = [M0L0T1], D = [T], E = [LT]
(B) A = [MLT0], D = [T2], E = [T2]
(C) A = [M0LT1], D = [MT], E = [MT]
(D) A = [M0LT1], D = [T], E = [T]
If A = B +
In the measurement of a physical quantity

A2B
X = 1/3 3 . The percentage errors introduced
C D
in the measurements of the quantities A, B, C
and D are 1%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively.
Then the minimum amount of percentage of
error in the measurement of X is contributed
by
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

11.
If E = energy, G = gravitational constant,

I = impulse and M = mass, the dimension
GI 2 M
is same as that of
E2
(A) spring constant
(B) wavelength
(C) energy gradient
(D) Rydberg constant
12.
Choose the incorrect statement:

(A) A dimensionally correct equation may
be correct.
(B) A dimensionally correct equation may
be incorrect.
(C) A dimensionally incorrect equation must
be incorrect.
(D) A dimensionally incorrect equation may
be correct.
13.
The radius of a ball is (6.2 0.4) cm. The

percentage error in the volume of the ball is
(A) 11%
(B) 4%
(C) 19%
(D) 9%
14.
The number of particles crossing the unit area

perpendicular to the z-axis per unit time is
n n1
given by N = D 2
where n1 and n2
z 2 z1
are the numbers of particles per unit volume at
z1 and z2 respectively along z-axis. What is the
dimensional formula for the diffusion constant
D?
(A) [M0L1T2]
(B) [M0L2T4]
(C) [M0L1T3]
(D) [M0L2T1]
15.
When a screw gauge is completely closed, zero

of circular scale is 4 divisions above the
reference line of graduation. If L.C. of screw
gauge is 103 cm, the zero error is
(A) 4 103 cm
(B) + 4 103 cm
(C) 0.004 mm
(D) + 0.004 mm
16.
Which of the following is not dimensionless?

(A) Relative refractive index
(B) Relative permittivity
(C) Relative density
(D) Relative velocity
17.
The jaws of a vernier callipers touch the inner

wall of calorimeter without any undue
pressure. The position of zero of vernier scale
on the main scale reads 3.48. The 6th of
vernier scale division is coinciding with any
main scale division. Vernier constant of
callipers is 0.01 cm. Find actual internal
diameter of calorimeter, when it is observed
that the vernier scale has a zero error of
0.03 cm.
(A) 3.37 cm
(B) 3.57 cm
(C) 3.42 cm
(D) 3.54 cm
18.
The thin metallic strip of vernier callipers

moves downward from top to bottom in such a
way that it just touches the surface of beaker.
Main scale reading of calliper is 6.4 cm
whereas its vernier constant is 0.1 mm. The 4th
of vernier scale division is coinciding with
main scale division. The actual depth of
beaker in mm is (when zero of vernier
coincides with zero of main scale)
(A) 6.64 cm
(B) 6.42 cm
(C) 6.44 cm
(D) 6.13 cm
Answers to Evaluation Test

1.
5.
9.
13.
17.
(C)
(C)
(D)
(C)
(B)
2.
6.
10.
14.
18.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(C)
3.
7.
11.
15.
(B)
(B)
(B)
(A)
4.
8.
12.
16.
(D)
(B)
(D)
(D)
27

Target Phy Unit and Dimension

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Target Phy Unit and Dimension

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and Engineering Entrance Examinations

Useful for all Agricultural, Medical, Pharmacy

Fourth Edition: October 2014

Includes solved MCQs from JEE (Main), AIPMT, CET 2014

Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter

Solutions/hints to Evaluation Test available in downloadable PDF format at

Printed at: India Printing Works Mumbai

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

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Chapter 01: Measurements

Need for measurements

Fundamental and derived units

Eratosthenes was first to measure the radius of the

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Measure of physical quantity (M):

If x = x1 x2, then maximum error in x:

If x = x1m xn2 , then error in measurement:

Relative error 100 =

Relative (fractional) error:

Units are classified mainly into two groups.

Derived units: These units depend upon

The parallax method is used

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to find the size of an astronomical object.

If the error in measurement of a is a

To determine dimensions of a physical

The dimensions of a physical quantity are

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Angle is a special physical quantity which is a

Percentage error in different cases:

Examples of dimensionless quantities: Strain,

Dimensions, units, formulae of some quantities:

[M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Std. XI : Triumph Physics

[M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]

[M1L1T2] [L]= [M1L2T2]

Latent heat (L)

Gas constant (R)

-Current per unit area

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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coulomb/ volt or farad

Magnetic intensity (H) H =

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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A few quick conversions:

To express large or small magnitudes

Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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The reference standard used for the

Units are classified into ______ groups.