B PADIO-ELECTRONICS Build The PHLANGER for Dramatic Music Effects Built around an analog delay line, this device connects easily to your hi-fi system to produce dramatic special effects spin: the effect can gently rll and sway, ‘or it can seem to turn your whole mind inside out. Phlanging was discovered ac- cidentally in 1958 by recording producer Phil Spector while recording “The Big Hurt” ‘Thinking. the vocal part” was weak, Spector instructed his engineer to make two tapes and play them back simultaneously to achieve’ a voice-dou bling effect. The dramatic “swooshing” effect that resulted was immediately re ‘pnized as a hit sound, and the record indeed received considerable attention ‘After its inal suooess, many music cians and producers wanted to use the phlanging effect in recordings, but the lechnique of producing small controlled variations of tape recorder playback speed was time-consuming and cumber: some, Then in the 1970 operational amplters and active filters were devel ‘oped to produce this type of sound in a low-cost unit called a phase shifter. Phase shifters became a craze with musicians, ‘but the octavely related cancellation fre: ‘quencies of the alk pass networks used in Phase shifters provide « uch more bland sound than the harmonically related MARVIN JONES notches of true timedelay phlangi ‘Now that charge-coupled technology hss come of age, we have bucket-brigade analog delay tines that allow true plang ing ae oe Fla, ANALOG DELAY LINE nes capectors ‘ior aniogvokages How it works “The most important component in the Dhlanger is the Reticon SAD-1024 ans (delay line made by Reticon Corp., 910 Benicia Rd, Sunnyvale, CA 94086. This new and special IC (See IC Application of the Month, in the April 1977 issue) ‘uses N-channel technology 10 sub Santially improve both quality and ease ‘of operation. The SAD-1024 contains MOS transistors and capacitors in two Sdentical arrays, one of which is shown in Fig. 1. The input accepts a maximum signal swing of 0.5. vols peak-to-peak, riding a bias that is 40% Of the supply Botential“The supply Vay can range from 4 volts to 15 volts, with 9 volts to 13 volts providing the best specifications. The ¢, land dy are inputs for the biphase high Trequeney clock. These signals. must switch between Vay and ground, and be ‘complementary with minimum overlap. When is high, the input signal i gated through’ Ql to input capacitor Co (see Fig: 1). At the next clock transition, Gi faolated and the last voltage applied to, is held. AS 4 goes low, oy, goes high allowing the charge on C, to be gated to storage capacitor C1BY, R2—2700 obese pea rs! a So 5610, C22 apr, ceramic doc ean Si amen coma aaimite saat nell -ASrsli, “Gracctn, 00TH cwanc dc ti 00 oh oe 5 18341000 oF, 10, electronic 4, Rza_-220,000, fie. za 000000 he Fre 3 ainagoma fF D5 1NDT4 oF IN4TAS dlode -LEDI—-MLS 750 R25—76,000-ohm linear potentiometer, 3, 4-—2N5 139 transistor * 26—5000-oh tnear potentiometer (02245129 of 243004 transistor FEI a000 or CASA, ad Narton 16250-1024 analog doy tne ‘(Reticon) B ust waeo100(On the next clock transition, gatit¥™ a duplicate of the original input transistor Q3 is disabled, and Q4 ‘enabled to allow the charge in Cl to pass to the next stage. While ¢, is again high, another input sample is taken, The di ‘rete voltage levels continue to be clocked through the circuitry until, 512 clock half-cycles later, the original input volt- age appears at output’ A. This same voltage appears also at output A’ during the next, or 513th, clock period. Mixing these two outputs allows a more conti ous output waveform to be generated, and also provides a means of improved suppression of clocking glitches, ‘The overall time delay generated by this circuit can be calculated from: T, = N/(Q F), where N is the numberof shift register stages (512 in this case), and F, represents the clock frequency at gy and #2. Output filtering should be used to remove any residual clock signals that are superimposed on the output and to smooth the sampled stair-step signal into Consideration must also be given to the number of samples required per input waveform period to accurately reproduce the waveform. When the sampling fre- quency is greater than 10 times the input frequency, oversampling occurs, How- ever, higher sample rates yield higher reproduction accuracy. Critical sampling ‘occurs when the input frequency is one- hhalf the clock frequency, and this is the maximum limit to which the system should be pushed for accurate audio reproduction. "The schematic for the full phlanger is shown in Fig. 2. The input signal is buffered by ICI-c. Bias trimmer RS adjusts the DC output to 40% of the supply voltage to provide minimum clip- ping of the signal as it enters the delay Circuit. The signal is fed simultaneously to both delay line inputs of 1C2. Note that the clock signals to each delay Line are reversed 50 that ¢, for one section is “Fi for the other. This operation, known as Parallel multiplexing, causes each delay line to alternately sample the input sig nal. Thus, twice as many samples are provided fora given clock frequency, and reproduction accuracy is increased at the ‘output, One output from each delay line are mixed together at BALANCE control 6, while unused outputs are tied to the supply voltage. The ACCENT control RB {feeds a portion of the delayed signal back to the input for regeneration. Low-pass filters R9-C4, RIO-CS and RI1-C6 climinate the remaining clock signal and smooth the sampled waveform into a ‘more linear duplicate of the original. The MrXING control R12 allows selection of the normal input signal, the delayed signal or any blend ofthe two. The mixed signal is amplified by ICI-d to provide ‘unity gain from the input to the output of the phlanger. ‘The remaining two sections of IC form the low-frequency triangle oscil- lator used to sweep the phlanging effect. ‘The slope of integrator ICI-a is voltage: controlled. The control voltage is sup- plied by SPEED control R17 or remote ‘SPEED input J4. Schmitt trigger ICI-a ‘witches the integrator between a positive (or negative slope. A fine adjustment of the triangle output amplitude of ICI-a is provided by PEAK control R27. This allows for optimum compatibility with following circuitry. The amount of trian- gle amplitude used to modulate the high- frequency clock is selected by SPAN con- trol R25. As the voltage from the SPAN control is decreased, more of the fixed DC voltage from CENTER contro! R26 is used to set the clock to a fixed frequen- vy. ‘With minimum seaN and maximumFla. @QUADRIPHONIC EFFECT le produced rom streephenic source wing two phangert. ‘CENTER control settings, an-external con- D-type flipop IC3. This circuit divides trol voltage can be applied to J3 to modu- the frequency in half, but, most impor- late the clock frequency and, in turn, tant, it provides a set of complementary a2 Piast eet The aed sunionve thar very lt and with pli i from this control network is ap- very litle overlap. These signals are used Yo current source Q4, which acts as to directly drive the clock inputs of the vollage-contrlled timing resistor for delay IC. The resulting clock frequency high-frequency oscillator IC4, Timing range is 30 kHz to 500 kHz. The power capacitance is provided by C10. The supply is a standard full-wave center- Squarewave output of IC4 switches be- tapped bridge that provides a +9-volt tween positive supply and half-supply, 0 supply to the circuitry. a bipolar supply is used for this IC to make the squarewave switch between Construction positive supply and ground. This signal is” Assembly is straightforward, since all ow directly compatible with the input of components are mounted on the cireuit tour ep or Sve jacks andthe power transformer. The foil pattern for the circuit board is shown in Fig. 3 and the parts placement is shown in Fig. 4. Use ‘only rosin core solder and a solder iron (not a gun) with no more than a 35-watt power rating. When installing electro- Iytic capacitors, transistors, diodes and IC's, be sure to observe proper polarity. Note there are nine wire jumpers indi cated by solid lines on the parts place- ment diagram (Fig. 4). Since the Reticon ‘SAD-1024 IC is expensive, use a socket for installation safety. The SAD-1024 ‘and the 4013 flip-flop are both CMOS ‘nits, and must be handled carefully. Do not wear synthetic clothing while-han- dling these devices, and ground yourself and your soldering iron before handling or installing the units. Power switch SI is installed in the rectangular hole in the circuit board tusing No, 440 hardware. Use two l/r inch long insulated wire jumpers to con- rect the switch lugs to points A and B on the foll side of the circuit board. Press power indicator LEDI into the bole below the power switch from the foi side ofthe board. Then solder the leads to the ‘adjacent foil pads. Before mounting the five potentiometers, bend their solder lugs nearly 180° so that the lugs point toward the shaft rather than the rear of the potentiometer. Install one-inch nut fn the control bushing to act as a spacer, then mount the control as usual, making ture the altered solder lugs lie directly on top ofthe three oval peds on the foi side of the board. Flow solder into these connections. Mount the power trans- former on the ease with all five leads connecting to the reat of the circuit board. The letter-designated holes con- eet to the five jacks mounted on the case. Use coax cable for the input and ‘output connections, with the shield con- nected to ground only at the jack. Con- rect point H to the common chassis {ground of the five jacks. The remaining three connections can be made with sin- sle-conductor insulated wire Testing and calibration Before applying power to the phlanger, double-check for cold solder jints, solder ‘bridges. and correct parts values and placement. Set the three trimmers to the ‘midpoint oftheir rotation. Set all poten tiometers fully counterclockwise, except CENTER control R26 which should be at maximum. Plug the line cord into a wall ‘outlet and slide the power'switch to the right. Power indicator LEDI should slow. ‘Apply a signal to input JI with a maximum 0.5-yolt amplitude peak-to- peak. Feed output J2 to an appropriate Buitar amplifier or bi-f system input ‘The normal signal should now be passing unaltered through the unit. Turn ix control R12 fully clockwise. Adjust nias ‘continued on page 92 & 1161 waa0190CRT, Included © S3KV Leaded Glass CRT © 40KV Meter © Build-in Speaker # Obsolete Proof “Tne 8-290 Univariate Rig for eabe rd Solid Sune TVs (letonad for serving, hgh voRage chases Blltin spaker $2 Dentent uate eneting, WOR S0US_ sent rome ‘Seater monhareg ofthe ane wotege Up iting seca {fed ty raancofsurin module. Txtencten ele eucea 1 VAF/UME Suber ‘ Comvergece Genuator« Dots 1nd Crau-Hatch Patterns OF Vi “The "FERRET" ig 2 mukfunctional insirument_ for fiat, efficent trouble shooting and adjustment ofall Color and BEW ts, Its ideal for both shop and field work, (Cables included.) ~TelelTitic 02 moron. 108 vnomaanlt ‘continued from page 43 tuimmer RS until the sgaal i passed with miaimam clipping (istortion), I'you heve an secloscope,vinw the signal atthe ier of ALANCE trimmer 6. Se the scope coniros 30 you can easily {te the docked avclo signal. Two identical signals will seem ppear at diferc DC hee. Adjust aaLawce trimmer RS ‘atl the two signal convergent one: his isthe proper tin. you de nat ve «scope leave RS at approximate mirotition and procced withthe calibra. "Wah he delay section propery trimmed, st wrx control RI to the middle of is range. Decrease the CaNTER contol R25 ettng and listen forthe pblanging effect dropping through the ‘odie When the canton contol ‘Mvance accav contol RE to. maximum. You will bear the increased “ollowneat” ofthe fier, a ‘Control R26 through ite range the phlinging eect becomes fmore, pronounced. With the conan contol’ at maximum, ‘sivancs sean cortrol R25 to maximum. The isternal low Frequency cecilator vil sweep the phlanging elect At the ‘otto of eachsorecp you may hear short “wheep” or ica. ‘Adjust reat trimer R2Y until this sound is heat, and then ‘atu the vimmer to the point at which ine squeasstop. As the Internal osilator sweepe the effec, advance spexD contol RIP, which wil incre the planging speed from approt= ial one sep every Bre secon 6 tou fe Eh Pt "With all caliteationand chckout completed all hat emaine istomoant thecireutry isa suitable enclosure. The phlanger tow ready toe uted in is many applications. Here's afew of those applications. Using the phlanger 'A phlanger can reproduce the sound of tapered polanging with an equal six of normal and delayed signal. The ACCENT ‘ntl should be vot at minimum, and sweep SPEED and SPAN ‘an be set as you wish, Increating the ACCENT control wil {erease the "holewnest”of te sound and will ad subjective opin te it Experiment with the control stings. You'l find many ofthe eflects quite intresting "Many other effects can be obtined: For example, when the delay clock apced change, the dlay-fine output r ‘ides aight pitch sift Ifthe cock frequency continaally Tnereass, the audio signal wil be sampled into the delay line at ‘ne frequency, Dut wil be fed ou: ata higher fegueney. Thus, the inpat feqency wil be shifted up by a0 amourt dependent ‘on the rate of increate of clock frequency. In smalar fashion, ‘het the clock rate decreases, the input is sified down in Frequency. Usieg th achieved Vibrato effects can be generated with the max contol st for 100% delayed signal The phlange’s rangle weve wil then frodice a qusrewave madultion ef pitch; or. by minimizing ctr, an esteraal sinewave can be fed into 3 fer the ‘smooth virato. Most organs, guitars end syntheses Inve provisonsforibent gereraton, But imaging if you wil, roving wbrato on 2 recording ofa grand panc, a choir er ‘himes. Ifyou have recorded several Ease insrumeat tacks Snd inter eide you shoud bave waed vibrato onthe sax sol, {ou can eaily proces that Irack through # modalated delay line during micdown rather han going to the trouble of rere cording the entre track. "The hanger can sso be used Ye generate sterophonic ot ‘quadriphonie spatial effets with a foncphonic signal. The ‘rina signal ie fed to the phlanger Input and to one of the Ltmpliers The phlanger output is ther fed te the remaining Epler (ee Fig. 5). The sane control seting are used as fer tibrato, except the eweep cular is st 10 lower speed. ‘When harmonically complex signa fed unough ts setup,‘ceriain frequencies willbe emitted from the tro speakers in-phase. These fre- ‘quencies will appear. to have a source between the speakers. Other frequencies Pil acting amounts of poate ae fence between the two speakers. This will cause a psychoacoustical_ phenom ‘enon in which the sound seems to ema- hate from one side of the center. The telaal phase relationship will determine Gehether the source is 10 the left or the right, and the amount of phase difference Wil determine how far off-ceater the sound is located. This dramatic effect tounds even better in a quadriphonic system where opposite corners are driven ith the former stereo outputs (see Fig. 6). The sound appears to float and drift above your head. To generate a quadri- Dhonic signal from a stereo source, use a Separate phlanger foreach side, with the ‘bormal signal feeding the front channe's fand the delay.mmodulated signals (phlan- ier outputs) feeding the rear channels. ‘The internal-sweep oscillators can vary the delay mes Independently causing parent. random mation around the room: ar an exiernal modulaticn signal can be applied to the CENTER remote jack for a synchronized frent-io-back motion ‘on cach side. When the phlanger is interfaced witha ‘voltage-contolled music synthesizer, as- tounding effects can be oblained sing Pou casos television ie, 9 Projection TV Lens een SEE ES, SPerice $150 ester ot, nit ae to ya a Prog RCNA) TELEPHONES: (212) 765-7869 CIRCLE ON FREEINFORMATION CARD Brescrs rverpe generator covet: sing ited dru though the pe falowors ne cota vaage sores: lange svc am cflax of tate the Seibesremand cavren npn Toge: Gram sounds Wit the cone st for Tallthvound yrcestheonpatefeseastonave ssp, the drums scune a fotageconretel cscinor though 2 they arecontamiy bang retuned wey TRistiee Thin the efectftwe sve nyt The nreue ont ofthe TGhapeonuelicd slates bang wed rune’ pally ecances that pracece Sinttscray. tod sistant Mpllenget ed i conjuclon with 'Aphinger tai ha conte for 20 ‘tin peviderancxeclent simulation wanjaetons af the esity need nate Of arte mean! atang spaiers nied oma: pocanag. 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