Beer:

1. (pg.13)The Discovery of Beer linked to the growth of the first civilization by starting the
idea of staying in a place for a long period of time. This is because of the grains they used
you have to stay in that area or else you could miss out on an opportunity to have the
grains.
2. (pg.20-21) The connection between the discovery of beer and the Neolithic Revolution it
began in the Fertile Crescent in 9000 BCE. People began to use barley and wheat a lot
instead of just gathering it to eat or to store. Another possibility is that because beer had
suddenly become so popular people stated to realize that it was better to ensure the
availability of grain while farming that just relying on the wild grain.
3. (pg. 23) The geography had it necessary for the storehouse houses which they used the
put food and to pray about the food. That made them see the gods as the protectors of
there beer and bread and other foods.
4. (pg. 26) Beer civilized a man because before a man drank beer he never really knew what
he could accomplish in life.
5. (pg. 28-30) The Egyptian attitude toward beer was much more serious than the
Mesopotamians. The Mesopotamians saw intoxication as funny and the Egyptian didnt
they thought it was inappropriate
6. (pg. 37) Written records show that the pyramids were built by state employees and that
they were paid in beer. One theory is that they were built by farmers during the flood
season and the state collected grain as tribute and then redistributed it as payment. The
benefits of the pyramids and there construction gave a sense of national unity
demonstrated the wealth and power of the state and provided a justification for taxation.

Wine:
1. (Pg. 45-46) The development of large states and empires promoted wine as the drink of
choice because they made it more desirable. That is because it was such a luxury that
only the riches people could afford it most people never tasted it at all. Wine was also
used as religious so its scarcity and high price made it worth y for consumption for the
gods.
2. (Pg. 53-54) Greeks geography played a role in economic development and trade because
of the climate and terrain of the Greek Islands were ideal for viticulture. The geography
and it possible for the Greeks to produce wine on a large commercial scale helping there
economy grow. Also farmers earned twenty times more from cultivating the vines on his
land than he could from growing grain. Wine become one of Greeces main exports
traded by sea for commodities.
3. (Pg.54)Wine was used by the Greeks because it represented wealth by the sixth century
BCE the property owing Athens were categorized according to their vineyard holdings. It
was a symbol of status the lowest class had less than seven acres and the next three
classes owned up to around ten, fifteen, and twenty-five acres.
4. (Pg. 65-66) Platos view on democracy was that people were placing too much power in
each other hands. He said that it interfered with the natural order of things. His
symposium we different from others because he used them as part of his teaching. Every
day after his lesson he would eat and drink with his students but there were no dancers
there for entertainment like a traditional symposium.

5. (Pg.67) Wine is important in the transmission of the Greek culture throughout the
Mediterranean and Asia because wine was the first step in the transmission. Wine was
being exported all over the place and with the vine came knowledge of the Greek culture.
The spread of wine shows how the wide speared popularity of wine and also the
widespread of the Greeks customs and values.
6. (Pg. 77-78) The Roman convivium is much more dived that the Greeks symposium. In a
symposium everyone drank the same kind and wine and they all drank equally. And in the
symposium people went to have pleasure or just to talk about things. In the convivium it
was more about the social status, because they served you your wine based on your
status. The convivum also had much more strict rules even the seating was by your social
status unlike the symposium were everyone was welcomed.
7. (Pg.86-87) The acceptance of wine in Christianity was because in the bible Jesus drank
and use wine a lot. In Christianity wine was used in communion wine represented the
blood of Christ while the bread represented the body. The Islamic view of sprits was that
they were the devils drink and that they should not be drank. But Muhammad said only
wine made from grapes so people of the Islamic faith can drink other types of wine.

Spirits:
1. (Pg.94) The origin of distilled spirits is in the Arab world. It was started by Arab scholar
Jabir ibn Hayyan was is remembered as the father of chemistry.
2. (Pg. 104-105) The connection between spirits, slaves and sugar was that you had to have
one thing in order to get the other. The British, Dutch and French all needed the slaves to
produce there sugar because they need more slave power. But the African traders who
sold the slaves had to receive a gift first and that gift was usually spirits.
3. (pg.115) Spirits was an important staple colonial America because it was what they were
used to. When they came to America they still wanted there beer and there wine etc. But
since the weather did not help them with that all they had to drink was water. The people
did not enjoy water they craved the taste of alcohol. So in the second half of the
seventeenth century when rum because available they found a new thing to drink and
they found a way to make money. Rum was used in all types of ways including a liquid
form of central heating in to harsh winter.
4. (pg. 121) Rum had a lot to do with the American Revolution. The taxation of rum and
molasses was a motive for the American Revolution. The Americans believe that they
should not have to pay these unfair taxes so they did something about it.
5. (pg.121) Whiskey supplanted rum in the western parts of America because it was easier
to grow in the west. Rum was a costal drink because of the molasses arrived by sea. And
whiskey could be made almost anywhere and did not depend on imported ingredients that
could be taxed or blockade.
6. (Pg.122-125) the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion was a new tax that was put on Whiskey
to help pay debts from the war. The effects were that the collectors got hurt most of the
time and people who paid the debts were tormented. The Rebellion also question the
amount of power between the state and the government.

Coffee:
1. (Pg.146) The Arabs came to dominate the coffee industry because they sterile the beans
before they shipped them. They sterilized them because they it helped them not be able to
grow new beans from the coffee beans. Also foreigners were also excluded from the
coffee-producing areas. The Arabs were very serious about keeping they plants safe.

2. (Pg. 135) Coffee became more preferred over alcoholic drinks because coffee kept people
more focused. People who drink coffee in the morning began the day alter and stimulated
and they had better quantity and quality in their work. While those who drank alcohol had
the opposite they were =not focused or alter and they work quality nor quantity was good.
3. (pg.152) Europeans choice over coffee than alcohol was important to their development
because with coffee came the coffeehouses. Coffee provide people with the ability to
open coffeehouses which were in high demand with the popularity of coffee. Also coffee
houses provided a social place for the people. It was also for business. Coffeehouses were
very personal each one was designed for a certain clientele. Coffee was important to
remain popular because it help a lot of people get jobs and it also provide places for
scientist, writers and actors etc. to work.
4. (Pg.160-161) Coffee played a role in the scientific revolution because a lot of the
discussion about science started in the coffee houses. A group of scientist discussed all
different types of science questions. And on scientist Halley when help Isaac Newton
write one of the most important science books Principa. The coffee house helped his
express his theory and gave him the courage to go and find proof of the theory.
5. (Pg.163-164) Coffee played a role in the finical revolution because coffeehouses were
where insurance, lottery and stock schemes started. Many of the ventures hatched in the
coffeehouses failed or never took off. Coffeehouses also were stock markets. At first
stocks were traded at the Royal Exchange and as more companies grew the government
passed the act to Restrain the Number and Practice of Brokers and Stockjobbers they
imposed strict rules of stock market trading in the Exchange. This made stack people
move to coffeehouses.
6. (169-170 Coffee played a role in the Enlightened because the people who stated the
Enlightenment met at coffeehouses. And most of the books that are about the
Enlightenment thinking were written in coffeehouses. Coffee also played a role in the
French Revolution because the Revolution started at a Caf. Camille Desmoulins started
the revolution by jumping on the table and told the citizens to take arms and that started
the revolution.

Tea:
1. (Pg.179-181) Tea transformed the Chinese society because it was better to drink than
water. Tea help stop waterborne diseases because the process of making it killed bacteria.
Also tea did not spoil like beer so it lasted longer. Tea was also used as a currency paper
money had a drawback and its value diminished tea actually increased in value. Making
tea was seen as an honor people who did not know how to do it were a disgrace. Drinking
parties and banquets were centered on teas made with water transported from particular
springs.
2. (Pg.179) During the Tang dynasty China exported silk, tea, paper, and ceramics. They
traded with Turkey and Persia and food stuff was from India.
3. (Pg.189-190) One factor that made tea so popular was that the Queen Catherin of
Branganze wife of Charles II drank tea a lot. She was a devoted tea drinker and when she
moved to England she brought he custom with her. The second factor was the British East
India Company they had been granted a monopoly on imports to England from the East
Indies. The companys first tea import arrived in 1669. From then tea began to slowly
become more available.

4. (Pg.200-201) tea played an integral part in the Industrial Revolution because tea was used
to fuel the workers. Mill owners offered there workers tea breaks as a perk of working
there. Unlike beer that used to be served the agriculture workers tea kept the workers alert
and gave them energy to work long and tedious shifts. Tea also improved the health of
people during the Industrial Revolution. This is because tea has a natural antibacterial
parts that reduce the presence of waterborne diseases, even if the water has not been
properly boiled. The tea also made the infant mortality rate go down because the teas
antibacterial phenolic was passed easily into breast milk of nursing mother. This made an
increase in the labor pool for workers.
5. (Pg.203) Tea and politics go hand and hand in the Britain. The duty of tea accounted for
as much as 10 percent of the governments revenue. Some of the most famous Acts are
based on tea. For example the Tea Act of 1773 was based on tea and the government
passed it. The British East India company was basically apart of politics because they
were the ones who ran the tea imports and exports and they played a big role in politics
when it came to the Tea Act of 1773.
6. (Pg.203-206)The British East India Company played a role in world history because they
were on of the world most know companies. They were known note only because they
did a lot of trades but because of how powerful they were. This company was able to
make the Fritsch government passed Acts on the American colonist. The company had
both direct and indirect influence over the polices of one of the most power nations on the
Earth at the time. The company had many friends in high places and many officials
simply brought their way into the Parliament. The British East India Company changed
the way the people saw the British government people saw and understood that this
company was allowing the government to pass lows to benefit for their own good. World
history would be different if it wasnt because of this company. The company basically
help start the American Revolution without that company who knows what American
would have been like now. That company started the idea of Revolution because of their
manipulating ways.
7. (Pg.208-211) Tea is connected to the Opium trade because they East India Company used
the drug in order to pay for the tea money they owned. They had to pay for the tea in hard
cash which was silver but it was hard to get a large quantity of silver. Also the price of
silver was rising more quickly than the price of tea. Then opium came and it was like
silver seen as a valuable so they decide to smuggle it in order to pay for the tea. This
made the Opium War happen when the trade caused the British to be banned from
Canton. Tea is connected to all of this because tea was the reason they started trading in
the first place.

Vocabulary:
1. Fertile Crescent (pg.11) Area that stretches from modern day Egypt up to the
Mediterranean Coast to the southeast corner of Turkey and then down to the border
between Iraq and Iran. Around 10,000 BCE at the end of the last Ice Age it became wide
spread with wild grains. When the ice age ended the upland of the region provided an
ideal environment for wild sheep, goats, cattle and pigs and in some areas for dense
strands of wild wheat and barley. This region was significant because is provide animals.
Edible plants, and an abundant of cereal grains.

2. Chicha (pg. 19) is what the Incas called there beer. They offered their beer in the rising
sun in a golden cup and poured it one the ground or spat out there first mouthful as a
offering to the gods. This is significant because it shows one of the ways different
cultures symbolized beer.
3. Storehouses (pg. 22-23) a communal place where people kept scared items and food
surplus. Deposit of a food surplus was seen as an offering to the gods and storehouses
became temples. This is significant because there are small gray token in the Fertile
Crescent that were used to show if the people were pulling their weight and now we
have knowledge of how they monitored how much food everyone was bring in.
4. Uruk (pg.25) was the largest city in 3000 BCE with a population of around fifty
thousand people. It was surrounded by a circle of fields ten miles in radius. He city was
ruled by Gilgamesh at one time. This is significant because it shows us how large that
largest city was back then compared to how large the largest cities are now.
5. Sumer (pg. 26) were the recorded history of beer and everything else began. It was
located in southern Mesopotamians where writing first began to emerge around 3400
BCE. This is significant because it lets us know where writing first happened and when
it happened.
6. Epic of Gilgamesh (pg.26) was the worlds first great literary work. In it is says that
beer drinking was the hallmark of civilization by the Mesopotamians. Gilgamesh was a
Sumerian King who ruled around 2700 BCE, whose life story was turned in to a myth
by the Sumerians and their original successors. This is significant because it tells a story
about what people made up about the king of Uruk before he became a king and how
bread and beer changed him into the king.
7. Ziggurat (pg. 31) are elaborate temples built on raised stepped platforms. They were
once storehouses but when as the cities grow that changed them. This is important to
know because it represent how the simple storehouse was quickly changed when the
cities started to grow.
8. Mesopotamian city-states (pg. 25) By 2000 BCE almost the entire population in
Southern Mesopotamia lived in city states. These included Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Erdui, and
Nippur. This is important to know because I shows what type of cities that people lived
in back then.
9. Cuneiform (pg.34) are wedged shaped indentations made in clays tablets used for
writing. This made writing much faster and made it look more abstract. This is important
because it shows have writing evolved over time.
10. Ashurnasirpal II (pg. 43) He was the king of Assyria. He gave one of the greatest feast
in history around 870 BCE to mark the inauguration of his new capital Nimrud. In
pictures of the feast it did not show him drinking beer it showed him drinking wine out
of a bowl. This is important because it shows were wine first started.
11. Dionysius (pg. 53) He was the god of wine. It is said he fled Greece to escape beerloving Mesopotamia. In a Greek tradition he was created for beer for the benefit of
people in countries were wine was not mad. But in Greece he made wine available to
everyone not just the rich. This is important to know because it shows to different myths
about Dionysius the god of wine.
12. Platos Republic (pg. 65) Plato wrote a book called the Republic were he talked about
democracy and symposium. He talked about how democracy can be bad if you put too
much power in ones hands. His talk about democracy also alludes to symposium which

are about power. This is important because it shows us a different point of view about
the society and what he thought of it.
13. Roman villas (pg.72) The villas were houses that people lived in. With expansion of the
villa estates displaced the rural population as small farmers moved to the city. This is
important because it shows how wine also started the process of less people living in
rural areas.
14. Battle of Tours (pg.88) This battle was in 732 CE in central France. Arab troops were
defeated by Charles Martel a prince of the Frankish kingdom. This battle was one of the
turning points in world history it marked the high water mark of Arad influence in
Europe. This battle also caused halt of Islam in Europe. This is important because it
shows us how this battle changed not only Europe but the worlds perspective on the
Arab culture.
15. Charles Martel (pg.88) He was the prince of the Frankish kingdom. He was known to
be very charismatic. He was the one who defeated the Arab troops in the Battle of the
Tours. This is important because it helps us know who the person whose who defeated
the Arabs.
16. Cordoba (pg.93) This was the most cultured city in Western Europe at the end of the
first millennium. It was the capital of Arab Andalusia which is now southern Spain. This
city had paved roads, lots of public bathrooms, and extensive drainage and sewage
systems. The most impressive thing that had was there library. The library had nearly a
half a million books more books and any other European library. This is important
because this city was one of the cites were scholars went and developed algebra,
numbers, trigonometry and more.
17. Aqua vitae (pg.98) This is also known as the water of life. It was concentrated and
purified wine and was believed to have better curing power than regular wine. It was a
much acclaimed medicine in Latin medical treaties. This is important because it shows
how the new wine over took the original wine.
18. Dashee /bizy (pg.105) Dashee or bizy was large quantities of alcohol given by the
Europeans to the African traders as a gist when they negotiate with them. William
Bosman a Dutch slave trader said that the Africans of Whydah would not do business
with the dashee or bizy. This is important because it shows us what the African traders
work for when it came to selling their own people.
19. 1773 Molasses Act (pg.117) This act taxed a prohibitive duty of sixpence per gallon on
molasses imported into the North America colonies from foreign colonies or plantations.
The idea was the make the New England distillers but molasses from the British sine
their exports were not subject to duty. The distillers ignored the law completely because
it could have put them out of business. The smuggled in molasses from the French
islands who were supposed to collect the duty but turned the blind eye. Rum continued
to be produced keeping its part in colonial America. This is important because it shows
how even when the government tried to stop the New England people they just kept on
going not caring.
20. Sugar Act (pg.119) It was passed in 1764 at the end of the French and Indian war. The
war left the British in a lot of debt. Since the war was to help the American colonist they
felt like they should help with the debt. This Act also made the British enforce the
Molasses Act more too. The American felt like they were paying unfair taxes. This act
made the term no taxation without representation a common slogan. This is important

because it represents how the British treated the Americans. And also it started the
feeling of independence from the British in America.
21. Sufi Islam (pg.137) Coffee was adopted by the Sufi they used it to help them stay wake
during nocurtural religious ceremonies in which people reached out to god using
repetitive chanting and swaying. This is important because it shows how people used
coffee in earlier times.
22. Dutch East India Co. (pg.146-147) They were established in the 1690s at Batavia in
Java. They were created by the Dutch who were the first to break the Arabs monopoly
with coffee. The Dutch displaced Portuguese as the dominate European nation in the
East Indies during the 17th century gaining control of the spice trade. Within the a few
years the company made Java coffee shipped directly to Rotterdam and had it granted
the Dutch control of the coffee market. This is important because it tells us about the
first company who took over the coffee industry.
23. Principia (pg.161) This was a book written by Isaac Newton. Its full name it
Mathematical principles of natural philosophy. This book was one of the greatest books
in the history of science. It was about the planets orbit and gravity. Newton was inspired
by the book after Haley sent him a paper proving an inverse-square law of gravity did
indeed imply elliptical planetary orbits. This is important because it shows us one of the
first books that explained the planets orbit.
24. Wealth of Nations (pg.165) This book was written by the Scottish economist Adam
Smith. It described the emerging doctrine of laissez-faire capitalism which was the best
way for the government to encourage trade and prosperity was to leave people to their
own devices. Smith wrote most of his book in in the British coffeehouse it was also his
postal address in London. This is important because this book helps us understand the
finical revolution.
25. Voltarie (pg.166) Voltarie was a philosopher who extended the new view scientific
rationalism into social of political spheres. After offending a nobleman with witticism in
1726 he went to jail. He was only released under the condition that he went to England.
While there is learned about the scientific rationalism of Isaac Newton and the
empiricism espoused by the philosophy of John Locke. Inspired by the ideas he went
back to France and wrote a book called Lettres philosophiques. The book compared the
French system of government unfavorably with somewhat idealized description of the
English system, so the book was banned. This is important because it shows how
sensitive the French government was about people talking about them.
26. Encyclopedie (pg. 166-167) This book was written by a group of writers who were
inspired by John Locke. It promoted a rational secular view of the world founded on
scientific determinism, called out abuses of power, and made religious leader mad who
successfully got it banned. He writers quietly continued the work and sold each of ties
28 volumes secretly to subscribers. This is important because this book is the summary
of the Enlightened thinking.
27. Changan8 (pg.179) This was the capital of China during the Tang dynasty. It was the
greatest metropolis on Earth and home to around two million people. The city had a lot
of cultures because at the time the city was more open to outside influences. This is
important because this city used to be a major city in the world and it shows us how
much the world has evolved.

28. Lu Yu (pg.180-181) He was a Taoist poet who wrote many books about tea in great
detail. In his books he talked about eh cultivation, preparation and serving of tea. He
described the kind of leave you can use the best sorts of water. He even described the
process of boiling the water and what it should look like. He made tea very cultures and
sophisticated.
29. Celestial Empire (pg.184) This was assumed to be by the people who live there as the
center of the universe. They believed that no one was more cultured or mower intelligent
than them and outsiders were foreign devils. This is important because it represents
how much more advanced China was than Europe and how the people of this Empire
saw the rest of the world.
30. Richard Arkwright (pg.198-199) He was a British inventor in 1767 he began
developing a spinning frame. This was a machine for spinning thread in preparation for
weaving it was a powered machine not handheld that anyone could use. With the help of
John Kay they built a working prototype and established the first spinning frame. Two
business man gave Arkwright the money to build a larger one at Cromford were the
machine would be powered by water. This is important because he was a pivotal figure
in the Industrial Revolution and that machine helped form Britain into the worlds first
industrialized nation.
31. Tea Act of 1773 (pg.204) This act dictated by the East India Company included a
government loan of 1.4 million pounds to enable it to pay off debts and the rights to ship
tea directly from China to America. Because of the American smuggling tea the
company had huge stockpiles of tea in a London warehouse. The company still had to
may import duty wither the tea was sold or not they owned the government over one
million pounds. So the companys solution was the get the government to pass this Act.
The company thought eh Americans would be grateful because it would lower the cost
of tea but they were wrong. They boycotted British goods and refused to pay taxes. This
is important because this act helped people do the Boston Tea Party.
32. Lin Tze-Su (pg. 210-211) He was a Commissioner sent by the Emperor to put an end to
the opium trade. When Lin arrived he immediately demand that the Chinese merchants
and their British associates to destroy their stocks of opium. They ignored him and Lin
set fire to the stocks and burned a year supply of opium. The smugglers still didnt stop
they continued on. Then after two British mean murdered a Chinese man in a brawl and
the British authorities refused to hand them over Lin expelled the British from Canton.
This is important because the act he did caused the beginning of the Opium War.
33. Indian Munity (pg.219) This was a widespread uprising against company rule the
triggered the revolt of the Bengal army in 1857. The rise of Indias tea industry has a big
impact on Chinese tea farmers which caused rebillons, revoiltions and wars. This is what
caused the Indian Munity. This is important because this caused the British government
to take direct control over India.