Prologue

Thursday, June 19, 2014

7:19 AM

Rizal 1

Assignment
1 (Rizal)

Study first World History before Philippine History because

1. Philippine history is part of World history
2. The Philippines is part of the World
During birth of Rizal, war is happening.

American Civil War: War of civilians because of separation of white and black. Slavery of black Americans.
Abraham Lincoln: 16th President of US (Emancipation Proclamation).
- Same as treatment of Spain to Filipino
June 19, 1861 - Birthdate of Jose Rizal
- Between 11 and 12MN Wednesday, Jose Rizal was born in Calamba Laguna
- The Father Priest who baptized Jose Rizal prophesized that "Please take care of this child because someday, he will become a
great man!"

Napoleon Bonaparte (French(: Born victorious, born raising his one arm and has a blood clot on his palms
- Did not lost on the Franco-Persian war, but died of cold
Victor Emmanuel - King of Italy
Ottoman Turks (Muslims) VS Christian
Ferdinand Magellan: promoted at the Age of 25. Lost against Muslims on Molucca.
Result? Closure of Way between Asia and Europe: BARTER TRADE ended.
Opium War: War caused by the legality of Opium in China
Second Opium war was taken advantage by Japan that ultimately became World War II
7 Continents of the World
Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Europe, North and Central America and South America
Genghis Khan (From Mongolia): warrior feared by Chinese People because he wants to colonize China
- Great wall of China was built to defend against him. This was built through forced labor too and it is th
- e only world wonder that can be seen from the moon.
- Fought his own son due to power
India was once the richest country because of the vast amount of diamonds
- They became poor because of beliefs and practices like reincarnation to animals. Animals are gods to them.
- Was once the cradle of civilization
Indian-Pakistan War - rival in boundaries (mountain) and religion
- Ended with Pakistan (we'll kill all cows) / India (don't do that. Otherwise, we'll throw tons of pig's blood)
Amerigo Vespucci and Christopher Columbus - Rivals on colonizing the world

11 Spanish Misrule in the Philippines

1. Instability of Colonial Administration
a. Mother of Rizal went to the court and found out that the Jury is different already.
2. Corrupt Colonial Officials
a. Poor in Spain, went to the Philippines, went back in spain, rich!
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a. Poor in Spain, went to the Philippines, went back in spain, rich!

3. No Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes

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Prologue and Chapter 1 - Advent of a National Hero

Wednesday, June 18, 2014

7:30 PM

Instructor: Dr. Ernesto Pamo

Reference Book: Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero

Prologue:
* To appreciate and understand Dr. Jose Rizal's life --> Know the state of the world during before and during his birth.
February 19, 1861 - Serf's Emancipation by Czar Alexander II in Russia.
April 12, 1861 - American Civil War
June 1, 1861 - Benito Juarez was elected as Mexico President. Napoleon III installed Emperor Maximilian as puppet Emperor in
Mexico. Maximillian got defeated.
September 22, 1861 - Pres. Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation for Negroes
11 Spanish Misrules
1. Instability of Colonial Administration:
a. The political instability in Spain adversely affected Philippine affairs because it brought about periodic shifts in colonial
policies and periodic rigodon of colonial officials.
b. The frequent change in colonial officials hampered the political and economic development of the Philippines.
c. No chief executive, no matter how able and energetic he was, could accomplish much for the colony
d. A spanish jurist went from Madrid to Manila for six months only to find out that he was replaced already.
2. Corrupt Colonial Officials:
a. Highly corrupt, incompetent, cruel or venal
b. Many colonial officials became rich by illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino families.
c. Mostly ignorant and profligate, they conducted themselves with arrogance because of their alien white skin and tall
noses.
d. Poor in Spain, went to the Philippines and became a millionaire. Competent militarist but poor and cruel leader.
3. No Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes
a. From 1810 - 1813, the first Philippine representation was fruitful, but the second (1820-1823) and the third (1834-1837)
weren't as fruitful as first so Philippine Representation was never restored.
b. Lopez Jaena appealed but failed.
4. Human Rights denied to Filipinos
a. The people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association and other rights, but they
deny these rights to Filipinos.
5. No Equality before the Law
a. To the imperialist way of thinking, brown Filipinos and white Spaniards may be equal to God, but not before the law and
certainly not in practice.
6. Maladministration of Justice
a. Justice was costly, partial and slow.
b. Wealth, social prestige, and color of skin were predominant factors in winning a case in court.
7. Racial Discrimination
a. Ironically, Christianity is equal brotherhood. During Rizals time a white skin, high nose and Castilian lineage were a
badge of vaunted superiority.
8. Frailocracy
a. A government by friars
9. Forced Labor
a. Compulsory labor imposed on adult males 16-60 years old
10. Haciendas owned by Friars
a. During Rizals times the Spanish friars were the richest landlords, for they owned the best haciendas.
The rural folks (including Rizals family) who have been living in the haciendas and cultivating them generation after
generation just became tenants.
11. Guardia Civil
a. Successful in suppressing the bandits, but were infamous for being ruthless, brutal and cruel
Jose Rizal: "Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda" / Pepe
- physician (ophthalmic surgeon), poet, dramatist, novelist, essayist, historian, architect, painter, scupltor, educator, linguist,
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- physician (ophthalmic surgeon), poet, dramatist, novelist, essayist, historian, architect, painter, scupltor, educator, linguist,
musician, naturalist, engineer, farmer businessman, economist, geographer, cartographer, bibliophile, philologist, grammarian,
folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveler and prophet.
- June 19, 1861 in Calamba Laguna, Wednesday between 11PM and midnight, a few days before full moon
- He has a big head, which almost cost her mother her life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to take him to her sanctuary
by way of pilgrimage
- June 22, 1861 ---> baptismal by Fr. Rufino Collantes, with Godfather Pedro Casanas and Parish Priest Leoncio Lopez
- Jose was from St. Joseph (San Jose)
- 7th of eleven siblings
- had son named Francisco
- called her sisters senora (married) or senoria (unmaried)

- Fr. Rufino Collantes: "Take good care of this child for someday he will become a great man!"
Jose Lemery: Lieutenant General that time who governed the country from February 2, 1861 to July 1862
Achievements: (1) Fostering the cultivation of Cotton, (2) Establishing the politico-military governments in the Visayas and in
Mindanao

Francisco Mercado Rizal (Father of Rizal)

- "A model of fathers"
- Born in May 11, 1818 / Binan, Laguna
- College of San Jose in Manila
- Tenant-Farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda in Calamba.
- Hardy and independent-minded man, strong in body and valiant in spirit
Teodora Alonso Realonda
- "Woman of more than ordinary culture."
- Born in November 8, 1826 / Manila
- College of Sta. Rosa
- Possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability and fortitude of Spartan women
- She was offered pension but declined. She said if you have a lot of money and you don't know what to do with it, lessen the tax.
Rizal Children:
1. Saturnina / Neneng
2. Paciano / Confidant of Rizal / "most noble of Filipinos" and "though an Indio, more generous and noble than all the Spaniards
put together." / bow legged
3. Narcisa / Sisa
4. Olimpia / Ypia
5. Lucia
6. Maria / Biang
7. Jose / Pepe
8. Concepcion / Concha
9. Josefa / Panggoy
10. Trinidad / Trining
11. Soledad / Choleng
Last name of Rizal was given by the Spanish Alcalde Mayor of Binan Laguna

Mercado means market.

He chooses to use it because there are a lot of Mercado's in the Philippines that are not related to them.
"In this way, it seems that I am an illegitimate son."

Rizal means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.
A good and middle class family. The Rizal family belong to principalia ( a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines).
- Farming, stockraising, general good store and ham pressing.
- They believe in the maxim: "Spare the rod, spoil the child."
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- They believe in the maxim: "Spare the rod, spoil the child."

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Chapter 2 - Childhood Years in Calamba

Thursday, June 26, 2014

8:41 AM

Calamba - named after a big native jar

- belonged to the Dominican order
- to the south, Mount Makiling and Province of Batangas (beyond the mountain)
- to the east, Laguna de Bay, Talim Island (middle of Laguna de Bay)
- to the North, Antipolo (Our lady of peace and good voyage)
Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) - 15 years old, about Calamba
First Memory of Rizal:
(1) in family garden, 3 years old
- His father built him a little nipa cottage in the garden: watched culiauan, maya, maria capra, martin and pipit
- Aya (Old Maid)
(2) Daily Angelus prayer
(3) Aya tells him of legends and folklores.
If you dont eat supper, asuang, nuno, tigbalang and terrible bearded and turbaned bombay would come to take him away.
(4) Moonlight walk by the river
Hero's First Sorrow = Death of Little Concha (Concepcion), 3 years old due to sickness / 1865

*At the age of three, he take part on family prayers

*At the age of five, he was able to read the Spanish family bible.
*He was called Manong Jose by Hermanos and Hermanas Terceras
* He respects Father Leoncio Lopez
June 16, 1868
- Father and Jose Pilgrimage to Antipolo through casco (barge) in Pasig River
- Mother could not accompany them because of Trinidad
- They went to Manila after to visit Neneng Saturnina in La Concordia College

The story of the moth

- Her mother was teaching her "The Children's Friend" El Amigo de los Ninos
- "It has died martyr to its illusions."
*At the age of five, he began pencil sketching and molding of wax and clay.
A religious banner was spoiled and he repainted it through oil colors.
*He loves to ride on spirited pony and black dog named Usman.
*When he was six years old, her sisters laughed at him.
*"All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me."
*Rizal's first poem (8 years old) - Sa aking kababata / To my fellow children. He also wrote a tagalog comedy which was staged in a
Calamba festival. A Paete gobernadorcillo liked it.
*Magician: coin and handkerchief disappearances, magic lantern, marionette
- Showed in Chapter 17 and 18 of El Filibusterismo
*Mariano Ponce = Rizal wrote a letter to him about Spanish's brutality

Influences on the Hero's Boyhood

1. Hereditary Influence
a. Malayan - Freedom
b. Chinese - Serious nature, frugality, patience, love for children
c. Spanish - Elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult and gallantry to ladies
d. Father - profound sense of self-respect, love for work and independent thinking
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d. Father - profound sense of self-respect, love for work and independent thinking
e. Mother - religious nature, self-sacrifice, arts and literature
2. Environmental Influence
a. Calamba and beautiful garden - artistic and literary talents
b. Religious atmosphere - religious nature
c. Paciano - love for freedom and justice
d. Sisters - courtesy and kindness to women
e. Aya - folklore and legends
f. Three uncles: Tio Jose Alberto (artistic ability), Tio Manuel (physical exercises), Tio Gregorio (Book reading)
g. Leoncio Lopez - love for scholarship and intellectual honesty
3. Aid of Divine Providence

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Chapter 3 - Early Education in Calamba and Binan

Thursday, June 26, 2014

1:51 AM

*Rizal was an illustrado characterized by four Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic and religion).
Dona Teodora was his first teacher
- Age of three = he knows alphabet and prayers.
- Discovered his talent for poetry
Private Tutors:
1. Maestro Celestino
2. Maestro Lucas Padua
3. Leon Monroy: a former classmate of Rizal's father. Taught Spanish and Latin but died after five
months.
June 1869, Sunday Afternoon - Rizal left Calamba to Binan
- Accompanied by Paciano
- Rode in carromata in 1.5 hours in his Aunt's house.
Leandro - cousin in Binan
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - teacher in Binan, used to wear sinamay shirt
- small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Jose's Aunt
- knew by heart the grammar of Nebrija and Gainza
1. Pedro - bully (wrestled)
2. Andres Salandanan - arm wrestled in the sidewalk
Tio Manuel - taught Rizal the art of wrestling
Juancho - old painter, father-in-law of Justiniano Aquino Cruz
- Apprenticed Rizal and Jose Guevara
* Looks for mabolo on the orchard before breakfast.
* Breakfast: two dried small fish
* Supper: ayungin
*Normal to receive five or six blows
*Saturnina informed Rizal about Talim (Rizal's first experience with a steamer)
- Arturo Camps (Frenchman, Father's friend)
December 17, 1870: He left Binan after 1.5 years of schooling.
January 20, 1872: Cavite Mutiny headed by Lamadrid (Filipino Sargeant)
- Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora
- Supporters: Jose Ma. Basa, Atty. Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Antonio Ma, Regidor)
February 17, 1872: Gomburza execution headed Governer Rafael de Izquierdo
*Because of the execution, Paciano quit College of San Jose
*17 years later, Paris, April 18, 1889 to Mariano Ponce
*El Filibusterismo - was for Gomburza
June 1872 - Dona Teodora was charged maliciously for poisoning his brother Juan Alberto's wife.
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June 1872 - Dona Teodora was charged maliciously for poisoning his brother Juan Alberto's wife.
- Connivance with a Spanish Lieutenant (the guardia civil that did not give his horse fodder) and
Calamba's Gobernadorcillo Antonio Vivencio del Rosario
- Calamba to Santa Cruz -= 50 kilometers
- imprisoned for 2.5 years
- defended by Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan

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Chapter 4 - Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila

(1872 - 1877)
Wednesday, June 25, 2014

3:56 PM

Introduction:
Jose Rizal studied in Ateneo Municipal:
- a prestigious college supervised by Spanish Jesuits
- bitter rival of College of San Juan de Letran (Dominican-owned)
- formerly called "Escuela Pia" (Charity School) for poor boys in Manila, established by the City Government in 1817 at
Intramuros, Manila.
- when the expelled Jesuits returned (1859), they were given the management of this school and was later named Ateneo
Municipal, then, Ateneo de Manila
- "splendid educators" / excellent college for boys
Rizal Enters the Ateneo:
June 10, 1872:
- With Paciano, Rizal went to Manila and took and passed the entrance examination (Christian doctrine, arithmetic and
reading) in College of San Juan de Letran.
- When he went back to Calamba, his father, who first wished him to study at Letran, changed his mind and asked him to
study at the Ateneo instead. So again, with Paciano, they went to Ateneo de Manila.
- Father Magin Ferrando (College Registrar) refused to admit him because of Rizal's late registration and his health (sickly
and undersized).
- Manuel Xerez Burgos (nephew of Father Burgos) intervened and reluctantly accepted Rizal's admission.
- Jose registered the surname Rizal in Ateneo because the last name "Mercado" had come under the suspicion of Spanish
authorities.
- Paciano used Mercado as his surname at College of San Jose and was known to the authorities as Father Burgos' favorite
student and confidant.
He boarded in a house outside Intramuros at Caraballo Street
- 25 minutes' walk
- owned by a spinster (old, unmarried woman) named Titay who owed the Rizal family PHP 300.
- boarded here to collect part of the debt
Jesuit System of Education:
- More advanced than any other colleges in that period.
- Trains the students holistically through religious instructions and rigid discipline.
- They offer academic degree of Bachelor of Arts and also vocational courses.
- Every day, they hear mass and they also start and end every class with prayers.

Class Empires: Roman Empire (Internos or boarders, Red) and Carthaginian Empire (externos or the non-boarders, Blue)
Ranks:
1. Emperor
2. Tribune
3. Decurion
4. Centurion
5. Standard bearer
- Students can challenge each other by answering questions about the day's lesson. Three mistakes = lose position.
- Constant competition for supremacy in class.
- Placed equally at first, but
1. First Defeat: Left side of the room
2. Second Defeat: Inferior position on the right side.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Second Defeat: Inferior position on the right side.

Third Defeat: Inclined flag was placed on the left.
Fourth Defeat: Reversed flag returned to the right
Fifth Defeat: Reversed flag was placed on the left
Sixth Defeat: Banner is changed into a donkey

Ateneo Uniform: hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat

Rayadillo - Coat material of the uniform / became famous and adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days
of the First Philippine Republic
Rizal's First Year in Ateneo (June 1872 - 1873):
- He was considered an externo, hence part of the Carthaginian empire and was placed at the bottom of the class.
- Fr. Jose Bech - Rizal's first professor
- At the end of the month, he became an "emperor."
- He was the brightest on his class and was awarded a prize (a religious picture). First prize ever in Ateneo.
- During noon recesses, to improve his Spanish, he goes to Santa Isabel College for extra spanish lessons for PHP 3.
- During the second half of the year, he did not retain his academic supremacy (just 2nd in class) because he resented
some of his professor's remarks. Yet, his grades were still all excellent.
Summer Vacation (March 1873):
- Rizal returned to Calamba, but did not enjoy the vacation because her mom was still in prison.
- To cheer him up, his sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan
- Doing that didn't cure the melancholy. He went instead to Sta. Cruz without telling his father to visit his mother. He
told his mother everything that's happening in Ateneo.
- He returned to Manila for the his second term in Ateneo.
- He boarded at #6 Magallanes Street, inside Intramuros. There, the landlady was Dona Pepay, an old widow with a
daughter and four sons.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874):
- He repented having neglected his studies the previous year simply because he was offended by the teacher's remarks.
He studied harder and became emperor again.
- He had new classmates and some of them were three boys from Binan who had been his classmates in the school of
Maestro Justiniano
- Received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
- He returned to Calamba for summer vacation
Prophecy of Mother's Release:
- Rizal went to the provincial Jail and tried to cheer up Dona Teodora's lonely heart with news of his scholastic triumphs in
Ateneo. Her mother was very happy that Rizal was doing very well in college.
- Her mother, then, mentioned her dream. Rizal interpreted and explained that she will be released in three months'
time. Her mother smiled thinking that it was just a boyish attempt to make her feel okay.
- But Rizal's prophecy became true. Her mother likened Rizal to be similar to Joseph in the bible in his ability to interpret
dreams.
Teenage Interest in Reading:
- Rizal became interested in love stories and romantic tales, fiction and non-fiction. This enriched his fecund mind.
- The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas (Hero: Edmond Dantes, prisoned, escaped, found treasure and
revenged) was his first favorite novel.
- Universal History by Cesar Cantu - He asked his father to buy its costly set. He said that it was of great aid in his studies
and helped him win more prizes in Ateneo.
- Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor (German scientist who went to the Philippines 1859-1860) - Rizal found
this book impressive for two reasons (1) Dr. Jagor saw the defects on the Spanish Colonization and (2) prophecy that Spain
will lose the Philippines and America will take over the country.
Third Year in Ateneo (June 1874 -1875):
- Her mother was set free, just as he predicted. Rizal was very happy to see her mother as a free woman again.
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- Her mother was set free, just as he predicted. Rizal was very happy to see her mother as a free woman again.
- Overall, Rizal wasn't impressed on his own scholastic work. Despite the family happiness, and despite his grades
remaining as excellent, he only got one medal for Latin.
- In the Spanish subject, he was defeated by a Spaniard because his spoken Spanish was not fluently sonorous.
- He went back to Calamba for summer vacation
Fourth Year in Ateneo (June 1875 - 1876):
- June 16, 1875 - Rizal became an interno.
- Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez - a great educator and scholar who inspired Rizal to study harder and to write
Poetry. Rizal considers him as his best professor. "model of uprightness, earnestness and love for the advancement of his
pupils"
- At the end of the year, he topped everyone on all subjects and got five medals and excellent ratings.
- It was his means of repaying his father somewhat for his sacrifices.
- He spend his summer vacation again in Calamba.
Last Year in Ateneo (June 1876 - 1877):
- "the pride of the Jesuits" for obtaining the highest grades in all subjects.
Graduation with Highest Honors:
- Graduated at the head of his class. All grades were excellent.
- March 23, 1877 - Rizal (16 years old), received the degree in Bachelor of Arts with highest honors.
- He couldn't sleep the day before graduation and he had to pray fervently in the morning.
Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo:
- Rizal was not a mere bookwork.
- "Emperor" inside the classroom and campus leader outside.
- Active member of Marian Congregation, Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences, that only
accept Ateneans who are gifted in literature and sciences.
- In his leisure hours, he cultivated his literary talent with Father Sanchez.
- He was discouraged by Father Jose Vilaclara and asked him to pay more attention more practical studies, such as
philosophy and natural sciences. Rizal did not heed his advice.
- He also studied painting with Spanish Painter Agustin Saez and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus.
- He also developed his weak body through gymnastic and fencing through the supervision of his Tio Manuel.

Sculptural Works in Ateneo:

- Rizal impressed his Jesuit Professors by carving the image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of Batikuling (Philippine
hardwood) with his pocket knife.
- Father Lleonhart was impressed and asked Rizal to carve the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He was very pleased
and planned to bring it to Spain but forgot to do so. It was displayed instead on the door of the Ateneo Boarding Student's
Dormitory.
Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean:
- Felix Roxas - Rizal's contemporary and fellow Atenean recalled Rizal resignation to pain and forgiveness.
- Two Ateneans (Manzano and Lesaca) were throwing books at each other. Rizal, while he was studying, was hit in the
face by one of the books. Although his face was bleeding, he did not raise a cry of protest. He did not feel any bitterness or
rancor against his classmates.
- Father Manuel Xerez Burgos recalled how Rizal's predilection to help the helpless at the risk of his own life. While Rizal
was reading a Spanish, Julio Meliza (one of the shortest boarder) cried because his kite got caught on the vines on Manila
Cathedral's belfry. He courageously climbed the high cathedral and recovered the kite.
Poems written in Ateneo:
- While it is Dona Teodora who first discovered the poetical genius of her son and the first to encourage him to write
poetry, it was really Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal to make full use of his talent. He exposed Rizal on world literature.
- From 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, Rizal wrote poems
1. Felicitation
2. The Departure: Hymn to Magellan's Fleet
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2. The Departure: Hymn to Magellan's Fleet

3. And He is Spanish: Elcano, the first to Circumnavigate the World.
4. The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo
- In 1876, he also wrote poems about various topics such as religion, education, childhood memories and war.
1. In Memory of My Town
2. Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
3. Through Education the Country Receives light
4. The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boabdili
5. The Triumphal Entry u the Catholic Monarchs into Granada
- In 1877, his last year in Ateneo, he wrote more poems.
1. The Heroism of Columbus
2. Columbus and John II
3. Great Solace in Great Misfortune
4. A Farewell Dialogue of the Students
My First Inspiration:
- Rizal's first poem in Ateneo: "My First Inspiration" (Mi Primera Inspiracion). A poem for her mother he wrote when he
was 14 years old (1874).
- Through this poem, Rizal felicitated her mother on her birthday.
Rizal's Religious Poems:
- Rizal was a devoted Catholic and wrote poems such as "All Nino Jesus (To the Child Jesus) when he was 14 years old
(1875). He also wrote "A La Virgen Maria" (To the Virgin Mary)
Dramatic Works in Ateneo:
- Rizal wrote the drama "San Eustacio, Martir" during summer vacation of 1876 as requested by Father Sanchez.
Rizal's Poems on Education:
- Rizal has very high regard on education as it plays in the progress and welfare of a nation. Thus, he wrote "Through
Education our motherland receives light."
- He also wrote "The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education" which speaks about the importance of
religion in education.
- Education without God is not true education.

First Romance of Rizal:

- When he was 16 years old, right after graduation, Rizal's first romance was with Segunda Katigbak (14 year old
Batangueno from Lipa).
- He first saw her while he was visiting his grandmother in Trozo, Manila, Sunday with his friend Mariano Katigbak. There
were otherr guests there which included Mariano's sister, Segunda. His grandmother urged him to sketch Segunda's
portrait.
- He came to know him more during his weekly visits to La Concordia College, where his sister Olimpia was a boarding
student and coincidentally a close friend of Segunda.
- They loved each other but Rizal failed to propose despite Segunda's insinuation and deeds. Rizal was timid and shy.
- Unfortunately, Segunda was already engaged to be married to Manuel Luz.
- One Thursday in December 1877, before Christmas Vacation, Rizal visited Segunda to informed her that he will return to
Calamba. She informed Rizal in reply that she will return to Lipa. Segunda was expecting something, but Rizal only
mumbled that he will wait for her as they pass through Calamba on their to Lipa.
- Rizal learned that the steamer won't be passing at Calamba due to strong winds, but it would Anchor on Binan instead.
He waited on the road and saw Segunda's carromatas. He only doffed his hat and was tongue tied to say anything as
Segunda's carriage went away.
- He went home frustrated and desolate. Segunda and Manuel's marriage proceeded.

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Chapter 5 - Medical Studies at the University of Santo

Thomas (1877 - 1882)
Tuesday, July 01, 2014

2:07 PM

*First Course in UST (1877-1878): Philosophy and Letters

*Dominicans - rival educators of the Jesuits

Mother's Opposition to Higher Education:

- Bachelors of Arts before is like high school and junior college courses today. Only a qualifier for university.
- Both Paciano and Don Francisco wants him to enter a university.
- Dona Teodora doesn't want to because of (1) what happened to GomBurZa, (2) If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.
- Jose Rizal was surprised that his mother, a woman of education and culture would object! However, Rizal thought: "Did my mother perhaps
have a foreboding of what would happen to me? Does a mother's heart really have a second sight?"
Rizal Enters the University:
- April 1877 - Rizal matriculated at UST (16 years old)
- He took Philosophy and Letters because (1) His Father liked it and (2) he was still uncertain as to what career to pursue
- He wrote to Father Pablo Ramon (rector of Ateneo) to give him advice on the course, but was currently in Mindanao, hence he wasn't able to
reply to Rizal. He was good to Rizal during the Ateneo days.
- Consequently on his first year, Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy and History of Philosophy.
- Rizal took up both preparatory medical course and regular first year medical course in the second year (1878-1879) because (1) Father Pablo
Ramon suggested it and (2) to be able to cure his mother's growing blindness.

Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878):

- During his first year 1877-1878, he also studied in the Ateneo with vocational course leading to the title "perito agrimensor" (Expert Surveyor).
- Ateneo offers Agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying.
- Rizal excelled in all subjects obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and Topography.
- Age 17 passed Final examination in Surveyor, but was not able to get it due to being underage. He got it November 25, 1881.
- He frequently visited Ateneo not just because of surveying course, but because he is loyal to Ateneo, where head so many beautiful memories
and the Jesuit professors.
- President of Academy of Spanish Literature and Secretary of Academy of Natural Sciences, Secretary of Marian Congregation
Rizal's Visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan (May 1881)
- Rizal went on a pilgrimage to the town of Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores with Saturnina, Maria, Trinidad their female
friends.
- They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) and stayed at Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado whose son Nicolas is Rizal's friend.
- Turumba - people dancing in the streets during the procession. Mentioned in Chapter 6 of Noli Me Tangere.
- Vicenta Ybardolaza - pretty girl colegiala, who skillfully played the hard at the Regalado home
- They went to Pagsanjan after for two reasons (1) native town of Leonor Valenzuela, (2) to see Pagsanjan falls. Mentioned in his travel diary.
- "Niagara Falls" was the greatest wcascades I ever saw but not so beautiful nor so fine as the falls at Los Banos, Pagsanjan.
Champion of Filipino Students:
- Indio, Chongo! Vs Kastila, bangus!
- Skill in fencing, prowess in wrestling and indomitable courage
- 1880 - Companerismo (Comradeship) - society of Filipino students. Members were called Companions of Jehu.
- Rizal as the chief and Galicano Apacible as secretary
Unhappy Days at the UST:
- (1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him, (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards and (3) the
method of instruction was obsolete and repressive
- El Filibusterismo Chapter 13: how the Filipino students were humiliated and insulted by their Dominican professors and how backward the
method of instruction was. Natural sciences was though without laboratory experiments. Microscope and other lab experiments were kept
inside.
- Near the Escolta in Manila, Rizal was wounded in the head and was brought to his boarding house "Casa Tomasina"
where Leonor Rivera took care of her.
Decision to Study Abroad:
- Decided to study in Spain because he can no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination and hostility in UST of Dominicans.
- Paciano, Saturnina, Lucia, Uncle Antonio Rivera, the Valenzuela family and some friends agreed.
- He did not inform his parents, Leonor and Spanish authorities knew nothing
- Mother won't approve, Leonor won't keep a secret being a woman, young and romantic.

Rizal Page 14

Chapter 6 - In Sunny Spain

Tuesday, July 22, 2014

9:57 PM

Rizal Page 15

Chapter 7 - Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)

Tuesday, July 15, 2014

5:39 PM

*Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize in ophthalmology (specifically this branch to cure his mother's eye).
*He continued his travels and observations of European life and customers, government and laws in Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig
and Berlin.
* Rizal befriended top german scientists: Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Dr. Hans Meyer and Dr. Rudolf Virchow

In Gay Paris (1885-1886)

*Rizal, 24 years old, already a physician, went to Paris.
*In Barcelona, he visited Maximo Viola, befriended Senor Eusebio Corominas (editor of La Publicidad) and crayon sketched Don
Miguel Morayta (owner of La Publicidad).
* He worked for Dr. Louis de Weckert (November 1885 - February 1886). He wrote New Year 1886 to his parents that he can
perform all the operations, except what's going on inside the eye which needs practice.
*He relaxed by visiting his friends: Pardo De Taveras (Trinidad, Felix, Paz), Juan Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo.
*Paz Pardo de Tavera - a pretty girl engaged to Juan Luna (great master of Brush). The Monkey and the Turtle.
* Model in the Death of Cleopatra (Egyptian Priest) and The Blood Compact (Sikatuna) while Trinidad Pardo de Tavera (Legazpi)
Rizal as a Musician:
*November 27, 1878 to Enrique Lete: learned solfeggio, the piano and voice culture in one month and a half.
*Rizal's voice: braying of the asses.
*Learned flute and composed Any Race and Deportation
February 1, 1886 - Rizal left Paris for Germany. He visited Strasbourg (capital of Alsace Lorraine)
In Historic Heidelberg:
February 3, 1886 - Arrived in Heidelberg
*became part of the Chess Player's Club.
*Transferred to a boarding house near University of Heidelberg and worked for Dr. Otto Becker (University Eye Hospital,
distinguished German ophthalmologist)
*listened to lectures of Dr. Becker and William Kuehne.
*Visited scenic spots around Heidelberg (Heidelberg Castle, the romantic Neckar river, the theater and the old churches)
*ecumenism between German Catholics and Protestants, who lived in harmony and cordiality. Building divided into halves.
To the Flowers of Heidelberg - April 22, 1886
Forget Me Not: Rizal favorite flower in Neckar River
With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhemsfeld (3 months to June 25, 1886)
*Rizal spend summer vacation and stayed at the vicarage of Protestant Pastor Karl Ullmer with Etta (daughter) and Fritz (son)
March 29, 1887 - Rizal wrote from Munich to Friedrich (Fritz, son)
First Letter to Blumentritt - July 31, 1886
*Ferdinand Blumentritt: Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austrian Ethnologist
*Sent Arithmetic by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a Santa Cruz Laguna native (UST Press, 1868).
*Sent Rizal two books.
Fifth Centenary Celebration of University of Heidelberg - August 6, 1886
August 9, 1886 - Left Heidelberg
Leipzig and Dresden:
August 14, 1886 - Arrived in Leipzig.
*He met in Leipzig:
1. Professor Friedrich Ratzel, famous German Historian
Rizal Page 16

1. Professor Friedrich Ratzel, famous German Historian

2. Dr. Hans Meyer, German Anthrolopologist
*translated Schiller's William Tell into Tagalog about Swiss Independence and Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales
*cheapest cost of living, worked as proof reader
October 29 - Arrived in Dresden and met Dr. Adolph Meyer, Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum
Rizal Welcomed in Berlin's Scientific Circles:
November 1 - Left Dresden and arrived in Berlin
1. Dr. Feodor Jagor (Travels in the Philippines) - German scientist-traveller
2. Dr. Rudolf Virchow - German Anthropologist
3. Dr. Hans Virchow - Professor of Descriptive Anatomy
4. Dr. W. Joest - German geographer
5. Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger: German ophthalmologist where Rizal works.
*Rizal joined the Anthropological, Ethnological and Geographical Society by recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer - First
Asian to have such honor.
*Dr. Virchow - invited Rizal for a lecture in Ethnographic society of Berlin. Rizal wrote Tagalog Metrical Art for him in April 1887.
Rizal's life in Berlin:
Five reasons why he's in Germany
1. To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
2. To further his studies of sciences and languages
3. To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
4. To associate with famous German scientists and scholars
5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Madame Lucie Cerdole - private tutor for French lessons, so that he can write French to Spanish.
Unter den Linden: most popular Berlin boulevard
Rizal on German Women
- Read, read, read and learn: March 11, 1888 to Trinidad
- Germans Women: serious, diligent, educated and friendly. Not particular about beautiful dresses and expensive jewelry,
though she could dress nicely like any other woman in the world.
- Spanish Women: gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome
- Filipino Women: more interested in how they dress than in how much they know, delicacy of feeling, devotion, hospitality, fine
manners, delicacy of feeling
German Customs:
1. Christmas - delighted him most
2. Self-Introduction to strangers in social gathering
Rizal's Darkest Winter
- no money arrived, flat broke, pawned Saturnina's diamond ring, could not pay his landlord, one meal a day, clothes old and
threadbare, washed by himself
- Paciano desperately tried to raise money but crops had failed due the ravages of the locusts and collapse of the sugar market.
- Health broken down due to lack of proper nourishment. Feared that he was going to be sick with tuberculosis.

Rizal Page 17

Chapter 8 - Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887)

Tuesday, July 22, 2014

9:59 PM

The bleak winter of 1886 was memorable for Rizal because:

1. It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city
2. It brought him great joy because his first novel Noli Me Tangere came off the press.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin - Rizal's inspiration
January 2, 1884 - Reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid attended by the Paternos (Pedro, Maximino, Antonio),
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio Figueroa and Valentin Ventura

Rizal, aside from compatriots wanting to write about women, found that instead they wasted their time, gambling or flirting with
Spanish Senoritas.
Towards the end of 1884, Rizal wrote about
(1) 0ne half of Noli in Madrid
(2) One half of the second half in Paris
(3) Last fourth of the novel in Germany. Last few chapters in Wilhemsfeld, April - June 1886.
Letter to Fernando Canon: I was on the point of throwing my work into the fire as a thing accursed and fit only to die.
Dr. Maximo Viola - arrived shortly before Christmas Day of 1887
- sumptuous feast Christmas of 1886
To save printing expenses, he deleted Elias and Salome (after Chapter 24 "In the Woods", about How Elias left Salome because of
his past and because of following Ibarra's cause)

February 21, 1887 - Noli was finally finished and ready for printing.
March 21, 1887 - Noli came off the press.
- He sent the first copies to Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce and Felix R. Hidalgo.
- "First book on the life of the Tagalogs. History of the last ten years." Rizal to Blumentritt
March 29, 1887 - gave Viola the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a
complimentary copy, with the following inscription: "To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my
work - Jose Rizal."
Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft: lowest rate printing shop, 300 pesos for 2000 copies
Rizal suspected as a French Spy
- The chief of police of Berlin visited Rizal and looked for his passport.
- Rizal has no passport, since it was possible to travel without passport
- He was given four days to get a passport, otherwise, he may get deported.
- Rizal approached the Count of Benomar, who promised to attend the matter, but failed since he has no power to issue a
passport.
- After four days, Rizal apologized to the german police chief and asked why he would deported despite having no criminal
records.
- Police chief received intelligence reports that he made (1) frequent visits to the villages and little towns in the rural areas (2) He
resided in Paris for some years and a lover of France, whose language and culture he knew so much.
- France and Germany were strained on account of Alsace-Lorraine
- Rizal, in fluent german language, explained that he is a Filipino physician, scientist and ethnologist. He was there to observe the
customs, lifestyles of their simple inhabitants.
- Germans let him go because of his impressive explanation, mastery of German language and personal charisma.
Noli Me Tangere: Latin Phrase = "Touch Me Not", Gospel of Saint John (20:13-17)
- 63 chapters and an epilogue
Rizal Page 18

- 63 chapters and an epilogue

March 5, 1887 - Letter to Felix R. Hidaldo about "Noli Me Tangere" taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke.
Rizal dedicated the Noli to the Philippines - "To my Fatherland"
Synopsis of the Noli Me Tangere:
- First Scene: Reception in Calle Anloague (Last day of October), Capitan Tiago's residence
- Crisostomo Ibarra: a young and rich Filipino who had just returned after seven years of study in Europe.
a. Son of Don Rafael Ibarra (friend of Capitan Tiago, who died in prison after defending a helpless boy from an illiterate
Spanish tax collector)
b. Fianc of Maria Clara (supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago)
- Guests:
1. Padre Damaso - fat Franciscan friar, who had been parish priest for 20 years of San Diego (Calamba).
a. Tried to discredit Ibarra.
b. Bony neck and a hard wing (tinola).
c. Stumbled towards Ibarra's self-introduction to ladies (a german custom)
2. Padre Sybila - a young Dominican parish priest of Binondo.
3. Senor Guevarra - an elderly and kind lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, who told Simoun about the death of Don Rafael
4. Don Tiburcio de Espadana - a bogus Spanish physician, lame, and henpecked husband of Dona Victorina (a vane and vulgar
native woman, had hallucinations of being a superior castillan)
*The grave digger told Ibarra that Don Rafael's Corpse was removed by order of the parish priest to be buried in the chinese
cemetery, but since it was heavy and it was rainy and dark, it was thrown away into the lake.
*Ibarra pounced Padre Salvi. Padre Salvi said that it was Padre Damaso who ordered that.
*Tasio the Philosopher: wise old man, whose ideas were too advanced for his times that the people who cannot understand him
call him "Tasio the Lunatic"
*Progressive school teacher: complained to Ibarra that the children were losing interest in their studies because of the lack of a
proper school house and the discouraging attitude of the parish friar towards both the teaching of Spanish and of the use of
modern methods of pedagogy
*Spineless gobernadorcillo: who catered to the wishes of the Spanish parish friar
*Don Filipo Lino: teniente-mayor and the leader of the liberal faction in the town
*Don Melchor: the captain of the cuadrilleros (town police)
*Don Basilio and Don Valentin: former Gobernadorcillos who were prominent citizens
*Sisa: formerly rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler and a wastrel at that. Became crazy because she lost
her two boys (Crispin and Basilio).
*Crispin and Basilio: sacristanes (sextons) in the church, working for a small wage to support their poor mother.
*Crispin: younger of the two brothers was accused by the brutal sacristan mayor (chief sexton) of stealing the money of the
priest. He was tortured in the convent and died.
*Basilio: With his brother's dying cries ringing in his ears, escaped.
*Picnic in the lake: Maria Clara and her four friends (Sinang, Victoria, Iday, Neneng) and Ibarra
1. Aunt Isabel: cousin of Capitan Tiago who take care of Maria Clara, chaperon
2. Capitana Tika: mother of Sinang
3. Andeng: foster sister of Maria Clara)
4. Albino: the ex-theological student who was in love with Sinang and Ibarra
5. Elias: a strong and silent peasant youth, boatman

*Elias was saved by Ibarra by killing the crocodile.

*Maria Clara sang in the picnic incident.
*After, luncheon was served with Padre Salvi, Capitan Basilio (former gobernadorcillo and Sinang's father) , the alferez (lieutenant
of the Guardia Civil).
*Ibarra and Capitan Basilio played chess, while Maria Clara and her friends played the "Wheel of Chance", a game based on a
fortune-telling book. Padre Salvi tore the book to pieces, saying it's a sin to play such a game.

Rizal Page 19

A Sargeant and four soldiers arrived looking for Elias because of:
1. Assaulting Padre Damaso
2. Throwing the Alferez into a mudhole.

*Ibarra went to see Tasio about the schoolhouse. "Not all were asleep in the night of our ancestors." in Hieroglyphics.
Pessimistic about the schoolhouse by architect Nor Juan.
*November 11 (Feast Day of San Diego de Alcala) - laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and moro-moro.
*Music was furnished by five brass bands (including the famous Pagsanjan Band owned by the escribano Miguel Guevarra) and
three orchestras.

*Ibarra was saved by Elias by pushing him aside when the derrick collapsed. The yellowish man died instead.
*Padre Damaso spoke ill of Ibarra's father. Ibarra jumped from his seat, knocked the friar down and seized a sharp knife. Result:
(1) engagement to Maria Clara was broken (2) he was excommunicated.
*Fortunately, the liberal-minded governor general befriend him and (1) persuaded Capitan Tiago to accept Ibarra as son in law
and (2) promised to see the Archbishop of Manila t the lift the ban of excommunication.
Don Alfonso Linares de Espadana: penniless and jobless fortune hunter who came to the Philippines in search of a rich Filipino
heiress.
Fight between Dona Consolacion (vulgar mistress of Spanish Alferez) and Dona Victorina (flamboyantly dressed wife of a
henpecked Spanish quack doctor). Padre Salvi, stopped the fight.
*Grandfather of Elias: a young book keeper in a spanish commercial firm in Manila who was wrongly accused of burning the
firm's warehouse. His wife became a prostitute in order to support her sick husband and their son.
*Balat: first boy who became a dreaded tulisan and terrorized the provinces. Was caught, cut off his head and was hung.
*Elias father was Balat's younger brother.
*Elias and her sister went to Tayabas. Sister was then found dead on the beach of San Diego.

*Ibarra was saved by Elias by helping him escape in the prison. He and Ibarra jumped into a banca loaded with sacate (grass).
*Pia Alba: late mother of Maria Clara
*Ibarra was saved by Elias by diverting the attention of the soldiers by jumping into the water.

*Elias was hit by bullets, but reached the shore where he saw Basilio. He asked Basilio to make a funeral pyre for Sisa and for
Him.
*Elias: "I die without seeing the dawn brighter over my native land."
Epilogue:
1. Maria Clara: entered the Santa Clara nunnery.
2. Padre Salvi: left San Diego became a chaplain of the Santa Clara nunnery
3. Padre Damaso: transferred to a remote province but was found dead the next morning.
4. Capitan Tiago: became an opium addict and a human wreck
5. Dona Victorina: wore eye glasses due to weakening eyesight.
6. Linares: died of dysentery and was buried in Paco cemetery
7. Alferez: promoted as major, returned to Spain and left Dona Consolacion.
Novel ends with Maria Clara, an unhappy nun in Santa Clara nunnery - forever lost to the world.
Noli Me Tangere: true story of Philippine conditions during the last decades of Spanish rule.
1. Maria Clara - Leonor Rivera
2. Ibarra and Elias - Rizal
3. Tasio the Philosopher - Paciano
4. Padre Salvi - Padre Antonio Piernavieja (hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by the Patriots during the
Rizal Page 20

4. Padre Salvi - Padre Antonio Piernavieja (hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by the Patriots during the
revolution)
5. Capitan Tiago - Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
6. Dona Victorina - Dona Agustina Medel
7. Basilio and Crispin - Crisostomo Brothers of Hagonoy
8. Padre Damaso - Typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral and anti-Filipino

Salome - a winsome girl in her early teens, beautiful "like the flowerets that grow wild not attracting attention at first glance, but
whose beauty is revealed when we examine them carefully"
Rizal's friends who praised the Noli:
1. Blumentritt (Germany, filibustero, blood of the heart, a man of extra ordinary talent)
2. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino lawyer, Cavite Mutiny, May 3, 1887, London, Quixote, mortal blow, proof of us incapable
of producing great intellects)

Rizal Page 21

Chapter 19 - El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)

Tuesday, July 29, 2014

4:49 PM

El Filibusterismo:
- started at October 1887 (Calamba) and ended at March 29, 1891 (Biarritz) = three years
- Parts are written in Calamba, London, Paris, Madrid and Biarritz.
July 5, 1891 - Rizal left Brussels for Ghent (a famous university city in Belgium) for two reasons:
1. Cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels.
2. Escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne
*He met two compatriots who are studying engineering in University of Ghent: Jose Alejandro (from Pampanga) and Edilberto Evangelista (from
Manila)
*Jose Alejandro - became a general during the Filipino-American War of 1899-1902 and an engineer
*Rizal lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose Alejandro
*They prepared their own breakfast in their room, tea, sugar, alcohol and a box biscuits
F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (#66 Viaanderen Street) - lowest quotation, installment basis
- pawned his jewels to pay the down payment and the early payments
*He had received some money from Victor Basa and PHP200 from Rodriguez Arias for the copies of Morga's Succesos sold in Manila.
August 6, 1891 - printing has to be suspended and he wrote to Basa. Stopped printing at page 112.
Valentin Ventura - Savior of the Fili.
September 18, 1891 - El Filibusterismo came off the press.
- immediately sent two printed copies to Hongkong (for Victor Basa and Sixto Lopez)
*Valentin Ventura received the original manuscript and autographed printed copy.
*Complimentary copies were given Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, T.H Pardo De Tavera, Antonio Luna, Juan Luna and friends
Filipino patriots who praised the novel:
1. La Publicidad (Barcelona newspaper): "comparable only to the sublime Alexander Dumas" and "a model and a precious jewel in the now
decadent literature of Spain"
2. El Nuevo Regimen (Liberal Madrid newspaper) - serialize the novel in its October 1891 issues.
*Books are placed in wooden boxes and sent to Hongkong but were confiscated and some were lost.
* Book became rare and were sold up to 400 pesetas per copy.
*El Filibusterismo dedicated to GomBurZa (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)
*Rizal's historical inaccuracies in his dedicatory note:
1. Death of GomBurZa happened on February 17, 1872 (Not February 28, 1872)
2. Father Gomez was 73 years old. (Not 85)
3. Father Burgos was 35 years old. (Not 30)
4. Father Zamora was 37 years old. (Not 35)
*Original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Rizal's own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila.
Acquired by the Government from Valentin Ventura for PHP10, 000, composed of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.
*To save costs, two features of the manuscript do not appear in the printed books: Foreword (before) and Warning (other side of the dedicatory page).
*Inscription on the Title Page by Ferdinand Blumentritt
Magnificent Obsessions of Simoun
1. To rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara
2. To foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters.

*Tabo - roundish shaped steamer that is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay, and where the story of El Filibuster ismo began.
Among the passengers are:
1. Simoun - rich jeweler, Ibarra in Noli who dug up his buried treasure and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish
officials.
- good friend and adviser of the governor general.
Rizal Page 22

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

- good friend and adviser of the governor general.

- outwardly friend of Spain but secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish Authorities.
- called "Brown Cardinal" and "Black Eminence" due to his great influence in Malacanang.
- encourages corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses and hastens the moral degradation of the count ry so that
people may become desperate and fight.
Dona Victorina: the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search for her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de Espadana,
who has deserted her
Paulita Gomez - beautiful niece of Dona Victorina
Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibanez) - a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about Filipinos
Padre Sibyla - Vice-rector of the University of Santo Thomas
Padre Camorra - parish priest of the town of Tiani
Don Custodio - a pro-Spanish Filipino holding a high position in the government
Padre Salvi - thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego
Padre Irene - a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students
Padre Florentino - a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest
Isagani - a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and lover of Paulita
Basilio - son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago
- confidential associate of Simoun who joined the revolutionary cause.

Others:
*Quiroga: a rich chinese merchant where Simoun gets smuggled arms from. He wants to be Chinese consul of Manila.
*Lieutenant Perez: a guardia civil who learned the presence of Simoun in Padre Florentino's home
*Cabesang Tales: dispossessed of his land in Tiani by the friars like that of Rizal's father. He became a bandit chieftain named Matanglawin.
*Juli: daughter of Cabesang Tales and sweetheart of Basilio, kills herself rather than be dishonored by Padre Camorra.
*Macaraig: a rich student and leader of the Filipino students in their movement to have an academy where they could learn Spanish.
*Padre Millon: bigoted Dominican friar-professor who teachers physics in the UST without scientific experiments.
*Placido Penitente: a student of Padre Millon from Batangas who became discontented with the poor method of instruction in UST
*Senor Pasta: old Filipino lawyer, who refuses to help the Filipino students in their petition to the government for education reforms.
*Tandang Selo: father of Cabesang Tales and grandfather of Juli.
*Mr. American Impressario: owned the sideshow at the feria (fair) of Quiapo exhibiting an Egyptian mummy.
*Sandoval: a Spanish student who supports the cause of the Filipino students to propagate the teaching of Spanish.
*Pecson: one of the Filipino students who agitates for the teaching of Spanish.
*Cabesa Andang: mother of Placido Penitente
*Pepay: the pretty dancer and mistress of Don Custodio
*Padre Fernandez: a good Dominican friar and friend of Isagani
*Don Timoteo: father of Juanito Pelaez
*Tano: son of Cabesang Tales and brother of Juli
*Chichay: the silversmith who made the bridal earrings for Paulita Gomez
Real Life El Filibusterismo Characters:
1. Padre Florentino: Father Leoncio Lopez, Rizal's friend and priest of Calamballl
2. Isagani: Vicente Ilustre, Batangueno friend of Rizal in Madrid
3. Paulita Gomez: Leonor Rivera
*Simoun's first attempt failed after hearing that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. Simoun became ill.
*Simoun gave a beautiful lamp (when the wick burns the lower nitroglycerine hidden in the secret compartment, it will explode ) in the wedding of
Paulito Gomez and Juanito Pelaez. This will supposedly kill everyone (governor general, the friars and the officials), while Simoun's followers burn all
the government buildings in Manila.
*Isagani and Basilio were outside. Basilio told Isagani about the lamp. Isagani, to save Paulita's life, rushes into the house, seizes the lighted lamp, and
hurls it into the river, where it explodes.
*Simoun was cornered, but escaped. With his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea.
*Spanish authorities learns his presence. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he will come at eight o clock that night to
arrest Simoun.
*Simoun took poison, and confessed to the priest. "He has frustrated your plans one by one, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by lack of
preparation, then in some mysterious way."
*Padre Florentino prayed and threw the treasure chest into the sea.
Noli and Fili compared
* Noli is a romantic novel (work of the heart, a book of feeling, it has freshness, color, humor, lightness and wit), while Fili is a political novel (work of
the head, a book of thought, it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence and sorrow)
*Noli has 64 chapters and Fili has 38 chapters due to lack of funds.
*Noli is better: Rizal, MH Del Pilar and Retana (Rizal's first Spanish Biographer)
*Fili is better: Blumentritt, Graciano Lopez Jaena and Dr. Rafael Palma
Rizal's Unfinished Third Novel (Untitled)
Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hongkong. Started writing the third novel.
Rizal Page 23

Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hongkong. Started writing the third novel.
*has no title and consists of 44 pages in Rizal's handwriting. (Preserved in the National Library in Manila)
*Hero of the novel: Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo. Daughters: Maligaya and Sinagtala
*Solemn burial of Prince Tagulima, , son of Sultan Zaide of Ternate, Malapad-na-Bato
Other Novels:
1. Makamisa: tagalog novel
2. Dapitan: spanish novel written during his exile in Dapitan to depict the town life and customs.
3. Untitled spanish novel about the life in Pili, a town in Laguna.
4. Untitled novel about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who has returned from Europe
5. Untitled spanish novel about the deplorable conditions of the Philippines.

Rizal Page 24

Dates (Midterms)
Wednesday, July 30, 2014

10:37 PM

Chapter 7 (Paris to Berlin)

November 1885 - February 1886: Worked for Dr. Louis de Weckert
January 1, 1886 - Wrote to his parents that he can perform all the operations, except what's going on inside the eye which needs practice.
November 27, 1878 to Enrique Lete: learned solfeggio, the piano and voice culture in one month and a half.
February 1, 1886 - Rizal left Paris for Germany.
February 3, 1886 - Arrived in Heidelberg
April 22, 1886 - To the Flowers of Heidelberg
June 25, 1886 - Left Pastor Ullmer at Wilhemsfeld
July 31, 1886 - First Letter to Blumentritt
August 6, 1886 - Fifth Centenary Celebration of University of Heidelberg
August 9, 1886 - Left Heidelberg
August 14, 1886 - Arrived in Leipzig.
October 29, 1886- Arrived in Dresden
November 1, 1886- Left Dresden and arrived in Berlin
March 29, 1887 - Rizal wrote from Munich to Friedrich (Fritz, son)
March 11, 1888: Read, read, read and learn: to Trinidad

Chapter 8 - Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887)

January 2, 1884 - Reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence
Towards the end of 1884 - Start of Noli Me Tangere
Christmas of 1886 - Sumptuous Feast of Rizal and Maximo Viola
February 21, 1887 - Noli was finally finished and ready for printing.
March 5, 1887 - Letter to Felix R. Hidaldo about "Noli Me Tangere" taken from the Gospel of Saint Luke.
March 21, 1887 - Noli came off the press.
May 3, 1887 - Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor felicitated Rizal about his Noli Me Tangere (similar to Quixote, mortal blow to Spain, proof of us incapable of producing
great intellects are lying)
Before Christmas day of 1887: Arrival of Maximo Viola

Chapter 19 - El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)

October 1887 - Start of writing El Filibusterismo

March 29, 1891 - End of writing El Filibusterismo
July 5, 1891 - Rizal left Brussels for Ghent
July 1891 - Letter from Ghent to Victor Basa: "I will have to stop its publication if no money comes."
August 6, 1891 - El Filibusterismo's printing was suspended.
September 18, 1891 - El Filibusterismo came off the press.
September 22, 1891 - wrote to Blumentritt about writing the third novel
October 2, 1891 - Graciano Lopez Jaena: "Fili's end is not a worthy climax to a work so beautiful." Create another novel.
October 18, 1891 - Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hongkong. Started writing the third novel.

Rizal Page 25

Chapter 9 - Rizal's Grand Tour of Europe with Viola

Monday, August 11, 2014

10:55 AM

*Dr. Maximo Viola - travelling companion.

*From Paris Juan Luna forwarded Paciano's remittance of PHP1000. Rizal gave the loaned PHP300 to Viola for the printing
of Noli.
*Having paid his debt, and with adequate funds in his pocket, he was ready to see Europe before going to Calamba.
First destination: 1. Potsdam (a city near Berlin, which Frederick the great made famous)
Tour Begins
May 11, 1887 - Left Berlin by Train
Ideal season for travel: (1) Spring, (2) flowers are blooming all over Europe, (3) meadows were turning green and (4)
villages were humming with activity
According to Viola, Rizal's luggage contains: all letters from his family and friends.
2. Dresden
*One of the best cities in Germany
1. Regional Floral Exposition - Rizal who's interested in Botany, studied the numerous plant varieties of extraordinary
beauty and size.
*Met Dr. Jagor who advised them to wire Blumentritt upon hearing of their plan to visit Leitmeritz. He said so because
Blumentritt is an old professor with a nervous disposition and he might suffer a shock at their sudden visit.
2. Visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
3. Visited Museum of Art - Rizal was impressed by a painting of Prometheus Bound where he recalled seeing a
representation of the same idea in an art gallery in Paris.
3. Teschen (Decin, Czechoslovakia) - next stop over after Dresden where they wired Blumentritt.
First Meeting with Blumentritt (May 13 1:30PM - May 16, 1887 09:45AM)
4. Leitmeritz, Bohemia (Litomerice, Czechoslovakia)
*After receiving the wire, Blumentritt was waiting at the station with a pencil sketch of Rizal, which was previously sent
to him by Rizal.
*Greeted each other in fluent German.
*Blumentritt: kind hearted, old Austrian professor, genial and hospitable host to Rizal, a scholar. Upon seeing the
talented Rizal for the first time, he immediately took him into heart, loving him as a son.
*He helped Rizal and Viola get a room in Hotel Krebs.
Beautiful Memories of Leitmeritz
- Warm hospitality of Blumentritt family: wife Rosa (a good cook who prepared special Austrian dishes, which Rizal
liked very much), children: Dolores (Dora or Dorita by Rizal), Conrad and Fritz.
- Blumentritt as a tourist guide and hospitable host:
1. Beer garden (best beer of Bohemia is served)
a. Blumentritt introduced Rizal and Viola to the Burgomaster (town mayor) who was discussing among other
drinkers about the advisability of having the railroad pass through a neighboring town.
b. Burgomaster and his friends were amazed when Rizal talked in fluent German, which he mentioned that he
learned in eleven months.
c. Blumentritt embraced Rizal telling him that a few Germans could spell well their own language as Rizal could.
2. Tourists' Club of Leimeritz (Blumentritt as secretary)
a. Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent German to the officers and members, praising Austria's idyllic scenes
and its hospitable, nature-loving and noble people. Again, audience were amazed in his mastery of German
language.
- Rizal painted a portrait of Blumentritt
Rizal Page 26

- Rizal painted a portrait of Blumentritt

- Met renowned European scientist and polish scholar, Dr. Carlos Czepelak and eminent naturalist Professor Robert
Klutschak.
- Rizal forgot his diamond stickpin at his room in Hotel Krebs.
5. Prague
*Dr. Willkomm, professor of natural history in the University of Prague.
*Visited (1) Tomb of Copernicus, (2) Museum of natural history, (3) Bacteriological laboratories, (4) famous cave where
San Juan Nepomuceno was imprisoned and (5) the bridge from which this Saint was hurled into the river.
-6. Brunn
7. Vienna (Queen of Danube)
- met Norfenfals, Masner and Nordmann received his diamond stickpin from Blumentritt and stayed at Hotel
Metropole.
Danubian Voyage to Lintz
Danube river where he saw barges loaded with products and families.
8. Lintz
From Lintz to Rheinfall
Salzburg (9) to Munich (10) to drink famous Munich beer to Nuremberg (11) where they say the torture machines and
biggest dolls to Ulm (12) where they say the largest and tallest Cathedral to Stuttgart (13), Baden (14) to Rheinfall (15)
where they saw the beautiful waterfall.
Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland
Schaffhausen (16) to Basel (17) to Bern (18) and Lausanne (19).
Geneva (20)
-June 19, 1887 - 26th birthday of Rizal
Rizal resents exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition
- deplorable conditions of the primitive Igorots
Rizal in Italy
*He went to Turin (21), Milan (22), Venice (23) and Florence (24) and Rome (25) (where he saw Capitolium, Tarpeian
Rock, the Palatinum, Forum Romanum and the Amphitheatre, Capitoline Museum, Church of Santa Maria Maggiore)
*June 29 - Feast day of St. Peter and St. Paul. He visited Vatican (26) where he St. Peter's Church, St. Peter's Square,
Papal Guards
*"I am tired as a dog, but I will sleep as a God" - He was able to fulfill his mission to create Noli and this travel is just his
pleasure after the Noli creation.

Rizal Page 27

Chapter 10 - First Homecoming (1887-1888)

Tuesday, August 26, 2014

8:55 PM

Decision to Return Home.

Paciano (brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends - warned Rizal not to return home
because of the publication of the Noli and the uproar it caused among the friars.
Reasons for returning the Philippines:
1. To operate on his mother's eyes.
2. To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish Tyrants
3. To find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines
4. To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
Delightful Trip to Manila:
*Rizal left Rome to Marseilles (a French Port).
*boarded the steamer Dhemnah (through Suez Canal) with 50 passengers (including 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese,
many Frenchmen and 1 Filipino (Rizal) where he acted as an interpreter. transferred to steamer Haiphong in Saigon.
Arrival in Manila:
*Midnight of August 5, 1887: Haiphong arrived in Manila.

Happy Homecoming:
*August 8, 1887: Returned to Calamba.
*Family became worried of his safety: (1) Paciano did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy
assault. (2) Father would not let him go alone.
*Rizal established:
1. Medical clinic where his mother is the first patient (cannot perform surgical operations yet because her eye cataracts were not yet
ripe). Called Doctor Uliman since he came from Germany. Earned PHP 900 after a few months and PHP 5000 by February 1888.
2. Gymnasium for young folks where he introduced European sports like gymnastics, fencing and shooting so as to discourage the
cockfights and gambling.
3. Taking part in the town's civic affairs.
4. Painted several beautiful landscapes and translated the German poems of Von Wildernath into Tagalog.
*Rizal did not see Leonor Rivera because (1) his parents forbade him to go to Dagupan and (2) Leonor's mother did not like him for a sonin-law. Marriages must be arranged by the parents of both groom and bride.
Storm over the Noli:
*Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888) summoned Rizal in Malacanan Palace about Noli's subversive ideas and asked for a copy
of it. After reading, he found nothing wrong with it. Prevented mass imprisonment of execution of Filipinos who were reading Noli.
*For security, he assigned as bodyguard Don Jose Taviel de Andrade (a young Spanish lieutenant, belonged to a noble family, cultured and
knew painting and could speak English, French and Spanish)
*Rizal denied and said that he just exposed the truth, but he did not advocate subversive ideas.
*Went to the Jesuit Fathers for a copy of Noli (Fr. Jose Bech, Fr. Jose Paula de Sanchez and Fr. Federico Faura). Fr. Faura: "Everything on it
was the truth, but you may lose your head for it."
*Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo sent a copy of the Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of UST for examination by a
faculty committee. Father Echavarria then sent the report to Archbishop Payo which he forwarded to governor general: "heretical,
impious, and scandalous in the religious order, and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain and its
function in the Philippine Islands in the political order."
*Governor General was dissatisfied for he know that the Dominicans were prejudiced against Rizal. He sent the novel to the Permanent
Commission of Censorship, which was headed by Fr. Salvador Font. "contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and
recommended that the "importation, reproduction, and circulation of this pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited."
Attackers of the Noli:
1. Father Salvador Font (head of Permanent Commission of Censorship): printed his report and distributed copies of it in order to
discredit the controversial novel.
2. Fr. Jose Rodriguez (Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe) published a series of eight pamphlets under the general heading "Questions of
Supreme Interest" to blast the Noli and other Anti-Spanish Writings:
a. Why Should I not Read them?
b. Beware of Them. Why?
c. And What Can You Tell Me of Plague?
d. Why Do the Impious Triumph?
Rizal Page 28

d. Why Do the Impious Triumph?

e. Do You Think There is Really No Purgatory?
f. Is There or Is There No Hell?
g. What Do You Think of These Libels?
h. Confession or Damnation?
3. General Jose de Salamanca, General Luis M. de Pando and Sr. Fernando Vida. - senators who attacked Noli on the session hall of
the Senate of Spanish Cortes
4. Vicente Barrantes (formerly occupied high government positions in the Philippines) - bitterly criticized the Noli through an article
Defenders of the Noli
1. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
2. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
3. Graciano Lopez-Jaena
4. Mariano Ponce.
5. Father Jose Paula de Sanchez - defended and praised it in public
6. Don Segismundo Moret - former Minister of the Crown
7. Dr. Miguel Morayta - historian and statesman
8. Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt - scholar and educator
9. Rev. Vicente Garcia (under penname Justo Desiderio Magalang) - a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila
Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis
a. Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, as Fr. Rodriguez alleged because he was a graduate of Spanish universities and was a
recipient of scholastic honors.
b. Rizal does not attack the Church and Spain, as Fr. Rodriguez claimed, because what Rizal attacked in the Noli were the bad
Spanish officials and not Spain, and the bad and corrupt Friars and not the Church.
c. Father Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli commit a mortal sin; since he (Rodriguez) had read the novel, therefore he
also commits a moral sin.
*price of Rizal later rose to fifty pesos per copy from five pesetas (or pesos)
Rizal and Taviel de Andrade
*Rizal was unharmed, thanks to Governor General assigning of Lt. Andrade.
*Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade became Rizal's admirer and remembered the excursion to Mount Makiling due to the rumors and pernicious
effects that Rizal and himself hoisted the German flag and claimed sovereignty over the Philippines, which he think came from Friars of
Calamba.
What marred or spoiled Rizal's happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were (1) the death of Olimpia and (2) groundless tales that he
was a "german spy, an agent of Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a witch and a soul beyond salvation."
Calamba's Agrarian Trouble
*Governor Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar estates
*Rizal submitted the following to the Government
1. The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around the Calamba, but also the town of Calamba.
2. The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants.
3. The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children and
for the improvement of agriculture.
4. Tenants who had spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of said lands for flimsy reasons.
5. High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed payments of rentals and when the rentals could not be paid, the
hacienda management confiscated their carabaos, tools and homes.
Farewell to Calamba
Reasons for leaving Calamba: (1) his presence may jeopardize the safety and happiness of his family and friends, (2) he could fight better
his enemies and serve his country with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries, (3) advise of the Governor general Emilio Terrero
for him to escape the fury of the friars' wrath
A Poem for Lipa:
"A Hymn of Labor", written in commemoration of the town's elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra Law of 1888.

Rizal Page 29

Chapter 13 - Rizal's Visit to the United States

Monday, September 08, 2014

6:05 PM

April 28, 1888 (San Francisco through Steamer Belgic)- Rizal first saw America.
*Ship was placed under quarantine by American health officials due to Cholera outbreak from Far East.
*Rizal, American consul in Japan, British Governor of Hongkong debunked the supposed Cholera outbreak
*Politics! Truth: To win votes in California, they impeded entry of the 643 Chinese Coolies, which the public hated due to cheap labor and displacement
of the whites.
*Irony: (1) Valuable Chinese silks landed without fumigation, (2) ship doctor went ashore without protest on the part of the health officers and customs
employees ate several times on board the supposedly cholera-infested ship
*Lodged at the Palace Hotel, saw Golden Gate, best street is Market street, Leland Stanford (senator and founder of Stanford University), Dupont Street
(Grant Avenue today), Grover Cleveland (current US president)
May 6, 1888 - Arrived in Oakland
May 7, 1888 - Arrived in Reno, Nevada (Biggest Little City in the World)
May 13, 1888 - End of grand transcontinental trip and arrived in New York (Big town) and visited the memorial of George Washington
May 16, 1888 - left New York through steamer City of Rome (2nd largest ship against 1st largest ship Great Eastern) and visited Statue of Liberty
Rizal's Impression of America
1. Good: (1) material progress of the country, (2) drive and energy of Americans, (3) natural beauty of the land, (4) high standard of living, (5)
opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants
2. Bad: Lack of racial equality (Negroes cannot marry Whites, Hatred against Chinese, which affects Japanese and other Asiatics)

Rizal Page 30

Chapter 14 - Rizal in London (May 1888 - March 1889)

Monday, September 08, 2014

10:52 PM

Reasons to live in London

1. Improve his knowledge of the English language
2. Study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
a. Written by Fr. Chirino, Fr. Colin, Fr. Argensola, Fr. Plasencia, Dr. Morga
3. London was a safe place for him to carry his fight against the Spanish tyranny.
*yoyo as an offensive weapon, found American newspapermen intellectually inferior
*May 24, 1888 - arrived in Liverpool, England (Adelphi Hotel)
*May 25, 1888 - arrived in London and stayed with Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, stayed after at #37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill with the
Beckett family (Father (organist of St. Paul's Church), wife, two sons and four daughters), which was conveniently located near the public
parks and the British Museum
*Getrude Beckett(Gettie or Tottie) - oldest of the Beckett sisters
*Dr. Reinhold Rost - librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an authority on Malayan languages and customs.
Bad News from Home
1. Persecution of Filipino Patriots who signed the Anti-Friar Petition of 1888
2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants who signed a petition for agrarian reforms
3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish cortes and by Desenganos and Quioquiap in Spanish
newspapers.
4. Exile of Manuel T. Hidalgo, Rizal's brother in Law, husband of Saturnina, to Bohol without due process by Governor General Weyler
5. Arresting and jailing of Laureano Viado in Bilibid prison, UST medical student and a friend of Rizal due to copies of Noli were found in
his house.
Good News from Home: defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars by Rev. Vicente Garcia
September 1888 - Short visit to London, Paris to search for more historical materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale, met Juan Luna and his
wife Paz Pardo de Tavera and his little son Andres (Luling)
December 11, 1888 - Went to Madrid and Barcelona, Spain and surveyed the political situation of the Philippines, met MH Del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce.
*Christmas Eve with the Becketts
*Christmas present to Blumentritt (Bust of Emperor Augustus) and to Dr. Carlos Czepelak (Bust of Julius Caesar)
*Received The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist, from Mrs. Beckett due to his interest in magic.
*Solidaridad Association was inaugurated on December 31, 1888
1. Honorary President: Rizal
2. President - Galicano Apacible
3. Vice President: Graciano Lopez Jaena
4. Secretary: Manuel Santa Maria
5. Treasurer: Mariano Ponce
6. Accountant: Jose Ma. Panganiban
*La Solidaridad Newspaper founded by MH Del Pilar on February 15, 1889
1. To work peacefully for political and social reforms
2. To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them
3. To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress
5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness
The Filipino Farmers - Article of Rizal in La Solidaridad
The Vision of Fray Rodriguez - A pamphlet he wrote in Defense of his Noli (Pen Name: Dimas Alang)
Letter

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Chapter 17 - Misfortunes in Madrid

Tuesday, September 09, 2014

9:51 AM

August 1890 - Rizal arrived in Madrid

*With MH Del Pilar (Lawyer) and Dr. Dominador Gomez (Secretary of Spanish-Filipino Association), Rizal sought assistance about the oppressed
Calamba Tenants from the
1. Filipino Colony, Spanish Filipino Association and the liberal Spanish Newspapers (La Justicia, El Globo, La Republica, El Resumen)
2. Senyor Fabie - Minister of Colonies
3. Liberal Spanish statesmen Becerra and Maura
4. Blumentritt urged him to see Queen Regent Maria Christina, but he did not have the money and power to see her.
More bad news:
1. From Silvestre Ubaldo: Ejectment order by the Dominicans against Francisco Rizal and other Calamba tenants.
2. From Saturnina: deportation of Paciano, Antonino, Silvestre, Teong and Dandoy to Mindoro. Parents were ejected from their house and
living with Narcisa.
3. Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban (August 19, 1890) - a friend, talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, Bicol hero, died of lingering
illness, 27 years old
Duel with
1. Antonio Luna:
a. Antonio Luna spoke will of Nellie due to his frustrated romance with her, which is partly due to Rizal
b. Rizal challenged Antonio Luna due to his unsavory remarks and Rizal's high sense of chivalry.
c. Rizal was better in pistol shooting while Antonio Luna was a better swordsman.
d. Antonio Luna apologized after being sober.
2. Wenceslao E. Retana: bitter enemy of the pen, spanish scholar, press agent of the friars in Spain
a. Retana wrote In La Epoca (anti-Filipino newspaper) asserting the family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents, which caused
their ejection in Calamba.
b. Retana, after receiving Rizal's challenge, at once published a retraction and an apology. Afterwards, he did not write anything against
Rizal anymore and Retana developed great admiration for Rizal.
Bad Omen: In Teatro Apolo, he lost his gold watch chain with a locket containing the picture of Leonor Rivera
a. December 1890 - Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera that he will be married to an Englishman (Mother's choice), and asking him
forgiveness.
b. Great blow to him, stunned, eyes dimmed with tears, broken hearted.
Rizal and MH Del Pilar battle against Editorial Policy (occasionally contrary to Rizal's political views)
1. Rizal - Undisputed leader of the Filipinos in Europe
a. To win the respect of Spanish people, they must possess high standards of morality, dignity and spirit of sacrifice. But due to others'
love for win, women and cards, they chose Del Pilar, because of Rizal's interference with their private lives.
2. MH Del Pilar - fearless lawyer-journalist was gaining prestige due to La Solidaridad, purchased La Solidaridad from Pablo Rianzares and
replaced Graciano Lopez Jaena as its editor
January 1, 1891 - Election of Responsable among 90 Filipinos was abandoned by MH Del Pilar since La Solidaridad is a private enterprise.
First week of February, 1891 - Rizal became the responsible, but declined the position duet to his honor and dignity and his high sense of
delicadeza. He knew that some of them despised or disliked him. Instead of causing disunity and bitterness, he declined.

Rizal Page 32

Chapter 18 - Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly

Boustead
Monday, September 08, 2014

9:55 PM

February 1891 - Arrived in Biarritz (Resort City)

March 29, 1891 - Finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo
March 30, 1981 - Left the Bousted family and stayed with Valentin Ventura in #4 Rue de Chateaudum. El Fili's revision is mostly completed.
May 1, 1891 - Notified to cancel the monthly allowance from the Propaganda movement and devote the money to a much better cause like
supporting the education of young Filipino students in Europe
*Guest of Bousted family (Mr. Eduardo Bousted, Wife, Aunt Isabel and two daughters Adelina and Nellie) in Villa Ellada.
*Nellie Bousted: (also called Nelly)
a. prettier, younger daughter of the host
b. Found to be a real Filipina, highly intelligent, vivacious in temperament and morally upright.
c. Tomas Arejola and Antonio Luna supported marrying her.
d. Rizal courted her
Marriage proposal failed because:
1. He refused to convert from Catholic to protestant.
a. Remained loyal to the Catholic religion, the faith of his clan.
2. Nelly's mother did not like Rizal as son-in-law.
a. Poor in material things: a physician without a paying clientele, a writer who earned nothing from his pen and a persecuted reformer
of his own country
Reasons for retirement from the Propaganda movement / La Solidaridad
1. Publish second novel
2. To practice his medical profession
3. To become financially independent to make a more vigorous campaign for his country's redemption
Why Rizal was urged to write again (MH Del Pilar)
1. His articles always attracted considerable attention in European countries.
2. Enthusiasm of the reform crusade was declining due to his absence.

Reasons why Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad

1. I need time to work on my 2nd book
2. I wanted other Filipinos to work also.
3. It is very important to have unity on the party.
*If in case I fail to publish it, I will leave it to Antonio Luna.

Rizal Page 33

Chapter 21 - Second Homecoming and the Liga Filipina

Wednesday, September 10, 2014

10:30 AM

First Homecoming: August 1887

Second Homecoming: June, 1892
June 26,1892 - Arrived in Manila with Lucia.
4PM: Went to Malacanang to speak with Spanish Governor General Eulogio Despujol, C

Rizal Page 34