6.

8
Stoichiometry deals with the amounts of substances (reactants and products).
Stoichiometric implies that the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products
of the chemical reaction.
Questions 6.9, 6.10, and 6.11 are not completely available.
6.12
(a)
Li2O

Li

Ca 2

Addition of
to Cao makes the
ions to substitute for
. This makes the
removal of one positive charge. To remain neutral one negative charge will also be
removed. The removal of negative charges is made by the creation of one oxygen
vacancy. Hence, the addition creates one oxygen vacancy.
(b)

Cl

O 2

Here, calcium vacancies would be created due to substitution of

ions for
. Again
to remain neutral the chlorine ions will result in the formation of one calcium vacancy.