Álgebra Linear

lgebra Linear
Resoluo da Prova
Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes

Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL
Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)
2015
lgebra Linear
2015
1 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
Calcule, quando possvel:
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
a) A C =
2
1
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At .
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At . =
4
lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At . =
2

+
2
6

lgebra Linear
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
D = 2
1 , E
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At . =
2

+
2
6


0 1

2
2
4
3
lgebra Linear
2
1
1
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
1 , E
D = 2
=
3
, F =
1
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At . =
2

+
2
6


0 1

2
2
4
3
lgebra Linear
2
1
1
0

=10

16
4
2

2
1
2015
2 / 12
Sejam: A =
2
B =
=
2 ,
1 , E
D = 2
, F =
1
=
3
1

3
2 =

1 2
a) A C
1
=
2
1
1 (1) + 2 2 + 3 4
15
=
.

(1) + 1 2 + (1) 4
b) C A
No possvel.
c) C D + 2E At . =
2

+
2
6


0 1

2
2
4
3
lgebra Linear
2
1
1
0

=10

16
4
2

2
1
1

= 8

13
2015
.
5
2 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
C t E = 21
lgebra Linear
i
6
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
C t E = 21
lgebra Linear
i
6
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
3
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
i
3 = 15
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
9 .
e) E F + At B t
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
i
3 = 15
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
9 .
e) E F + At B t
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
i
3 = 15
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
9 .
e) E F + At B t
1

1 + 2

3
2
0
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
i
3 = 15
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
9 .
e) E F + At B t
1

1 + 2

3
2
0
2

1 0

1
1
2
lgebra Linear
2015
3 / 12
d) C t E 3D.
h
C t = 1
i
4 ,
h
21
h
C t E = 21
i h
6 + 6
i
6
h
i
3 = 15
h
3D = 6
i
3 .
i
9 .
e) E F + At B t
1

1 + 2

3
2
0
2

1 0

1
1
2
lgebra Linear
3
4
0 = 5
1
6
2015
3 / 12
Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Lembrete: se det A 6= 0 ento a matriz A inversvel. Quando necessrio, determine x de modo
que a matriz seja inversvel.
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0.
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:
0
x
3
1 6= 0
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
lgebra Linear
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
(1 x 0) + (0 1 1) + (2 2 3) (2 x 1) (1 1 3) (0 2 0)
lgebra Linear
6=
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
(1 x 0) + (0 1 1) + (2 2 3) (2 x 1) (1 1 3) (0 2 0)
6=
0 + 0 + 12 2x 3 0
6=
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
(1 x 0) + (0 1 1) + (2 2 3) (2 x 1) (1 1 3) (0 2 0)
6=
0 + 0 + 12 2x 3 0
6=
9 2x
6=
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
(1 x 0) + (0 1 1) + (2 2 3) (2 x 1) (1 1 3) (0 2 0)
6=
0 + 0 + 12 2x 3 0
6=
9 2x
6=
2x
6=
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12

a) A
=
2
0
x
3
1
2
1 6= 0 2
0
1
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
2
1
6= 0
x
(1 x 0) + (0 1 1) + (2 2 3) (2 x 1) (1 1 3) (0 2 0)
6=
0 + 0 + 12 2x 3 0
6=
9 2x
6=
2x
6=
6=
9
9
2
lgebra Linear
2015
4 / 12
b) B = 4
2
5
8
6.
lgebra Linear
2015
5 / 12
b) B = 4
2
5
8
6.
Soluo: det B = 4
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
4
7
lgebra Linear
2015
5 / 12
b) B = 4
2
5
8
6.
Soluo: det B = 4
det B
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
4
7
(1 5 9) + (2 6 7) + (3 4 8) (3 5 7) (1 6 8) (2 4 9)
lgebra Linear
2015
5 / 12
b) B = 4
2
5
8
6.
Soluo: det B = 4
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
4
7
det B
(1 5 9) + (2 6 7) + (3 4 8) (3 5 7) (1 6 8) (2 4 9)
det B
45 + 84 + 96 105 48 72
lgebra Linear
2015
5 / 12
b) B = 4
2
5
8
6.
Soluo: det B = 4
..
.
..
.
..
.
1
4
7
det B
(1 5 9) + (2 6 7) + (3 4 8) (3 5 7) (1 6 8) (2 4 9)
det B
45 + 84 + 96 105 48 72
det B
lgebra Linear
2015
5 / 12
Calcule os determinantes abaixo usando o Teorema de Laplace.
a)

2

0

2

1
lgebra Linear
2015
6 / 12
a)

2

0

2

1
Soluo: a)

2

0

2

1
lgebra Linear
2015
6 / 12
a)

2

0

2

1
Soluo: a)
det A

2

0

2

1

1

1+1
2 (1)
1

1
3
0
1

0
1

1+3
2
3 + 0 + (2) (1)

1
0
lgebra Linear
1
1
1

0
1

1+4
2
3 + 1 (1)

1
0
1
1
1
2015

3

0

1
6 / 12
a)

2

0

2

1
Soluo: a)

2

0

2

1

0
1

1+3
2
3 + 0 + (2) (1)

1
0
det A

1

1+1
2 (1)
1

1
det A
2(9 + 1 3) 2(3 + 2 1) 1(6 3 2)
3
0
1
lgebra Linear
1
1
1

0
1

1+4
2
3 + 1 (1)

1
0
1
1
1
2015

3

0

1
6 / 12
a)

2

0

2

1
Soluo: a)

2

0

2

1

0
1

1+3
2
3 + 0 + (2) (1)

1
0
det A

1

1+1
2 (1)
1

1
det A
2(9 + 1 3) 2(3 + 2 1) 1(6 3 2)
det A
3
0
1
lgebra Linear
1
1
1

0
1

1+4
2
3 + 1 (1)

1
0
1
1
1
2015

3

0

1
6 / 12
b)

1

2

3

1
lgebra Linear
2015
7 / 12
b)

1

2

3

1
Soluo:

1

2

3

1
lgebra Linear
2015
7 / 12
b)

1

2

3

1
Soluo:

1

2

3

1
det B

2

1+2
2 (1)
3

1
1
1
0

1
1

4+2
+
1
(1)
2

2

3
1
lgebra Linear
1
1
1

0

1

2
2015
7 / 12
b)

1

2

3

1
Soluo:

1

2

3

1
det B
det B

2

1+2
2 (1)
3

1
1
1
0

1
1

4+2
+
1
(1)
2

2

3
1
1
1
1

0

1

2
lgebra Linear
2015
7 / 12
Resolva os sistemas abaixo usando a Regra de Cramer.
a) 2x
3y
3z
lgebra Linear
2015
8 / 12
a) 2x
3y
3z
Soluo:

1

2

1
1
3
0

0

3 = 2,

1

1

Dx = 2

1
lgebra Linear
1
3
0

0

3 = 2

1
2015
8 / 12
a) 2x
3y
3z
Soluo:
Dy

1

2

1

1

2

1
1
3
0
1
2
1

0

3 = 2,

1

0

3 = 4,

1

1 1
0

Dx = 2 3 3 = 2

1 0
1

1
1 1

Dz = 2 3 2 = 4

1
0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
8 / 12
a) 2x
3y
3z
Soluo:
Dy

1

2

1

1

2

1
1
3
0
1
2
1

0

3 = 2,

1

0

3 = 4,

1

1 1
0

Dx = 2 3 3 = 2

1 0
1

1
1 1

Dz = 2 3 2 = 4

1
0 1
Logo:
x=
Dx
2
= 1,
D
2
lgebra Linear
2015
8 / 12
a) 2x
3y
3z
Soluo:
Dy

1

2

1

1

2

1
1
3
0
1
2
1

0

3 = 2,

1

0

3 = 4,

1

1 1
0

Dx = 2 3 3 = 2

1 0
1

1
1 1

Dz = 2 3 2 = 4

1
0 1
Logo:
x=
Dx
2
= 1,
D
2
y=
Dy
4
= 2,
D
2
lgebra Linear
2015
8 / 12
a) 2x
3y
3z
Soluo:
Dy

1

2

1

1

2

1
1
3
0
1
2
1

0

3 = 2,

1

0

3 = 4,

1

1 1
0

Dx = 2 3 3 = 2

1 0
1

1
1 1

Dz = 2 3 2 = 4

1
0 1
Logo:
x=
Dx
2
= 1,
D
2
y=
Dy
4
= 2,
D
2
lgebra Linear
z=
Dz
4
= 2.
D
2
2015
8 / 12
2x
Soluo:
2y
b) 2x
3z
3z

2

2

1
1
1
2

3

1 ,

3

0

Dx = 0

0
lgebra Linear
1
1
2

3

1

3
2015
9 / 12
2x
Soluo:
2y
b) 2x
3z
3z
Dy

2

2

1

2

2

1

0
3
1

1 1 , Dx = 0 1

0 2
2
3

2
1
0
3

0 1 , Dz = 2 1

1 2
0
3
1

3

1

3

0

0

0
Notem que temos Dx , Dy e Dz com colunas nulas. Logo, x = y = z = 0.
lgebra Linear
2015
9 / 12
(Questo Extra.) Se A e B so matrizes inversveis de mesma ordem, ento

igual a?
lgebra Linear
det(A1 B A)
det B
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B
Pelo Teorema de Binet, propriedade 10 de determinantes, temos que: Se A e B so matrizes

quadradas de orde n, ento
det(A B) = det A det B.
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B

Assim:
det(A1 B A)
det B
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B

Assim:
det(A1 B A)
det B
det A1 det B det A

det B
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B

Assim:
det(A1 B A)
det B
=
=
det A1 det B det A

det B
det A1 det A
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B

Assim:
det(A1 B A)
det B
=
=
=
det A1 det B det A

det B
det A1 det A
1
det A
det A
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12

igual a?
det(A1 B A)
det B

Assim:
det(A1 B A)
det B
=
=
=
=
det A1 det B det A

det B
det A1 det A
1
det A
det A
1
lgebra Linear
2015
10 / 12
Ache a matriz inversa de
=
2
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
Soluo: Usando o mtodo de Gauss-Jordan:
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
1
3 | 2 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
L +L3
2
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
1
3 | 2 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
L +L3
2
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
1
3 | 2 0 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
L +L3
2
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
1
3 | 2 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
0
5 | 4 1 1
lgebra Linear
2015
11 / 12
=
2
1 1 1 | 1 0 0
2L1 +L2
2 1 4 | 0 1 0
2 3 5 | 0 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
2L1 +L3
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
2
3
5 |
0
0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
L +L3
2
0 1 2 | 2 1 0
0
1
3 | 2 0 1
1
1
1 |
1
0 0
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lgebra Linear
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2
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lgebra Linear
45
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1
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lgebra Linear
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1
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lgebra Linear
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45
1
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lgebra Linear
9
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45
1
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lgebra Linear
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45
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lgebra Linear
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45
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lgebra Linear
9
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45
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lgebra Linear
9
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45
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lgebra Linear
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45
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lgebra Linear
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45
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lgebra Linear
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45
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lgebra Linear
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45
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Álgebra Linear

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Álgebra Linear

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lgebra Linear

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Calcule, quando possvel:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0.

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim:

Prof. Me. Hugo Santos Nunes (Instituto Federal de Alagoas - IFAL)

Questo: Calcule os determinantes usando a Regra de Sarrus.

Soluo: Devemos ter det 6= 0. Assim: