PIRT

NDT LEVEL III

NDT Basic

1. Stress = Load / Initial cross -sectional area

where Stress [psi]
Load [pound]
Initial or original cross-sectional area [sq. inch]
2. Percent elongation = [ (Lf Lo) / Lo ] x 100
where Lf = final gage length
Lo = original gage length

3. N = 2 (n-1)
where N = Number of grains per square inch at 100X magnification
n = ASTM grain size number

4. Fracture toughness of material (K1C)

K1C = stress x ( 3.14 x flaw size )1/2
5. Tensile Strength (TS)
TS = Load / Specimens original cross-sectional area
where TS [psi]
Load [pound]
Specimens original cross-sectional area [sq. inch]
6. Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
UTS = Pmax / Area
= Load to break specimen / Specimens original cross-sectional area

7. Yield Strength (YS)

YS = Load at specified off-set / Specimens original cross-sectional area

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8. Safety factor = UTS / Allowable design stress

9. Carbon Equivalent (CE)

CE = % C + % Mn/ 6) + % Ni/ 15 + % Cu/ 13 + % Mo/ 14
10. Area of circle = r2 = d2 /4 = 0.7854 x d2

Prepared by:
PRAVEEN INSTITUTE OF RADIATION TECHNOLOGY
(NDT TRAINING DIVISION)
CHENNAI- 600 063
INDIA

www.pirtchennai.com
Tel: +91- 9940167870, 9789094060
E-mail: pirtndt@yahoo.in
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