64 chapter 10 ‘UAE AND F DISTRIBUTIONS VIEWPOINT | Gear Guide! ‘How much does that backpack cost? Do brand names really make any oiference in cost? One way to answer such a question is to construct a one-way “ANOVA ttf suc Ft pris forces bechoacts wih sia fates but ferent ‘brand names. For more information, see Backpacker Magazine, Vol. 25, issue 157 SECTION 10.5, PROBLEMS: Incach problem, assume that the distributions are normal snd have approxic ‘mately the same population standard deviation, (@) Whatis the level of significance? State the null and alterna: hypotheses, [ales ondort to accompany magnansuers (6) Find SS, SSnr. and SSy and check that SSpo9r = SSper * SSy. Find dam ‘may be found i the back of thebok Af MSaer and MS. Find the valve of the sample test stasstic F (F ratio), What are the degrees of freedom? (©) Find (orestimate) the P-value ofthe sample test statistic. (@) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or iil to reject the mall hypothesis? () Interpret your conclusion inthe etext ofthe application, (0) Make asuramary table for your ANOVA test. 1 (0) = 0.0% Hey = = 1.) Archaeniogy: Ceramics Wind Mountain is an archacolog'cal study area ‘Not al th maa equ, located southwestern New Mexico, Pot sherds are broie» pieces of pre- 2 pou Sea ope historic Native American clay esels. One type of panic ccramie vessel i oar, called Mimbres classic black-on-white At three differen ves, the number (i) Donot rect ‘of suc sherds was counted in eal dwelling excavations Svuree: Based on (0) Atthe 1tevel fsigicance, infoeation from Mimbres Mogollon Archaeology by A. osley and A.J. ere ine ‘Mcintyre, University of New Mexico Press). cS Sitel Site m a 1 45 2 Mu 18 36 ay 6 iene n » 8 ss rm 20 Shall we rejet or not reject the clam that there is no difference in population ‘pean Mimbres classic Black-on-whitesherd counts forthe tre sites? Use8 19elevel of significance. 2 Was ORS Wis hee Pacee | 921) Archive: Ceramics Aces et is called “enna logy: Ceramics Another ype of painted ceramic vssli w becsuncneee fireecinle ed-on-white (se reference in Problem 1). At fur diferent (0 Pralue > 0400 Fowtise inthe Wind Mountain archaeological region, the number cf such shes WS Plue = 02337, ‘counted in local dwelling excavations, (@ Donat reject (0) Atthe Steve of signee, Sel Stel Siem sev ‘there is iain nec to Conde ht he mens nent a 8 2 B evs 2 4 9 19 3 18 14 8 rr 4 35 2 16 153 (0) © © @ © ® © © @ 5 @) © @ @ © Section 105 Owe ANOVA: Comouing Seer Sane Means as = 005 Me = a= a= He ig Mota be means are equa. lig ~ Silly ~ 18 F ~ 0.886 Palue > 0900. From 1-84 Praise ~ 04867 Donot est He tie eel of significance, there insficient evidence to ont tht he means are not all os ic Not allthe mean are equa di idly = WF O86 Pevaive > 100, From T-84, Paine — 04608 Do not eet He the Vleel of significance, ‘hore i ialent evidence to Conch tn the mane are not all qu (i= O05 Hg y= wy = i: Not al the mean re equal hy = 2dhg = 9 ~ 5.005. 0.025 < Pysive = 0.050. From 184, Pale = 0.0346. eject te [Al the Si lol af sigificance, ‘theres aufient evidence to ‘aclu tht the means ae not all eal ‘Shall we reject or not eject the claim that there ino difference in the pop tion mean threecirele e-on-white sherd counts fe the fur sites? Use a $4 Economics: Profits per Employee How productive are U.S, workers? One ‘way to answer this question is to study annual profis per employee. random sample of companies in computers (1), aerospace (I), heavy equipment (ID), and broadcasting (IV) give the following data regarding annual profits pr em ployee (units in thousinds of dollars) (Source: Forbes Top Companies, edited by J.T. Davis, ohn Wiky and Sons) I 0 m Vv 2S Ge tsa geet m4 28 99 209 169 Tal 3 Ula 12 M3 88. $58 12h 152 9 66 10 10.1 193 90 ‘Shall we reject or not eject the claim that there io difference in population ‘mean annual profits per employee in each ofthe four types of companies? Use a $96 level of significance. Economics: Profits per Employee A random sample of companies in electric tilts (1 nancial services (I), and food procesing II} gave the following information regarding annual profits per employee (nisin thousands of do Jars. (See reference in Problem 3.) I rr m1 Blessings) B4 25033 29 413,108 78 93S aaa &.p pos x18 36.1 42.6 202 ‘Shall we reject or not eject the claim that there is no difference in population mnean annua profits peremplayee in each of the tre types of companies? Use a 1% level of significance. “Ecology: Deer Wher are the deer? Ransom simples of square kilometer flats were taken in diferent ecological locations of Mesa Verde National Puok ‘The dece counts pr square Kilometer were recorded and are shown inthe following table (Source: The Mule Deer of Mesa Verde National Park edited by G. W.Mierau and J. L. Schmit, Mesa Verde Museum ‘Association). Mountain Brush Sagebrush Grassland Pinon Juniper ad 20 5 ss 58 7 20 18 4 29 22 9 claim that there is no difference in the mean. we reject race the eal eae these different ecological locations? umber of deer per square kilometer int Use a 5% level of significance.1: Nota the meas wre equal () dy = Bdfg IBF 255, {9 0050 < Pale < 100. Fem 1184, Pralve~ 0879. (@ Do not eect Hy (©) Atthe 3 level fiance, ‘there isin idence Ceonclue tht theme ae not all qual 7 (8 a= 01M = = ws Not al themeons ae qu 0) hy = 2dfg = MF = OG, (©) Palue > 0.00, Fanta, Prale = 07217 (@) Donot rect (6) atthe 1% evel of siance, thor is insficent evden to Conclude that the meas are ot ll eval 8) = 005:He y= == ne Not al be men ca ) dig = Ssdhy= tute MSt0, (8 Pave < 0601 foaee vale nop, (a) eect (©) the See of sxicnce, theres aufententenste onde atthe most a al sea. (CH-SQUAREAND F DISTRIBUTIONS. 6.) Ecoles: Vgetaion Wildes ae beatifl flowers foun’ throughout the United Sues, Canada, an note Europ, This problem concems the lng of tesa eat like part covering the flower) of iferent specie a wie Data based on information ake fom an article by A Fisher in Anno of Egeis (Vol. 7, par 2, pp. 19-188). Measurement sepa engin etn from random samples of Is serosa (Dri versicolor and is vingrea ae as follows: 1 1 tm 54 35 63 49 65 58 30. 63 49 34 49 72 44 32 37 58 67 64 53 35 61 Shall we reject or not reject the claim that there are no dieremces among the ‘population means of sepal length forthe different species ot iis? Use a 5% level of significance, 7. Insurance: Sales Am executive atthe home office of Big Kok Life Insurance is considering three branch managers as candidates for pomotion to vice president. The branch reports include records showing sal: yolume foreach Salesperson inthe branch (in hundreds of thousands of doles). A random Sample ofthese records was seleced for salespersons in si branch, All three tranches are located in cites in which per eapita incon isthe same. ‘The executive wishes to compare these samples to see if vive isa significa Aiffereace in performance of salespersons in the three diflesnt branches. 150, the information will be wed to determine which of the mo'gors to promote Branch Managed BranchManaged Branch Managed by Adams, by MeDale by Vasquez 12 8s 69 64 07 8 to tt los 10 98. La 99 06 Useana = 001 evel of igifance, Shall we reject orn reject te cain that hr ae no diferences anon the performances te salespennst ‘the different branches’? ‘ 8.| Feology: Pollution The quantity of dissolved oxygen is a measure of wale Pollon in lkes rivers, and steams. Water samples were taken at fur di ferent locations in a river in an effort to determine if wate pollution varied from leation to location. Location t was 500 meters above an industrial pit Vater dicharge point and near the shore. Location Iwas 200 meters ab0\e the dischange point and in midstream, Location III was 50 meters downstreal™ stmt discharge poin and near he shore. Location IV was 200 meters downstream from the di *harge point and in midstream. The following table ‘ows the results, Lower dissolved oxygen readings mean more pollution. sera ofthe cificulty in geting midstream samples ecology toes collecting the data had fewer a these samples, Use an a ~ 0.0 level of sit Rican. Do we reject or not jet the claim thatthe quan of dissolved ‘oryeen des no vary from one cation to another?2) Hews = m= b= ne hehe lth means are equal (0) diy Sig ISA A611 {@ 06%0 < Pale < 0025, from The, ake ~ 0017, (@ ke (e) Att val of signee, ther «liken eudence st the means are not SECTION 10.6 Scion 16 todas asc eminlagy and kchniqus fr to-may ANOVA The section ds with vie dseasion af experimental eign woway ANOVA braction Section 108 htedveton to Two-Way ANOVA Introduction to Two-Way ANOVA. FOCUS POINTS Suppose that Friend ihe hve of obtaining bank balances and a summary of recent aecount transactions Frendly Bank uses two sysems, the first being a completely informatio system requiring cus the telephone Keypad, and the secon thes to give the account information personally to cistomers. In addition, Friendly Fre wants to leamif average customer Satisiction is the same regardless ofthe ine ofday of wid regard to type of contat (aut trerage customer satisfaction done using a teing studied. ‘The second s analysis of va tustomer satis Fa time of day, and also with ineraction is pres regarding type of say, during the afte Location Location Location ILL 73 66 42 i 69 uM 59 i 15 49 68 80. 3 lap 3362) 45 Sociology: Ethic Grups & sociologist studying New York City ethic groups Wants to detemine if there is difference in income for immigrants from four diferent cusses daring thei fist yetin the city. She obianed the data in the following table from a random sample of immigrants from these countries (incomes in thousands of dallas). Use a 0.0 level of signif cance to tes the claim hat ere i no difference inthe earnings of mm rants from the four diferent countries County 1 —— Country I Country AIL 127 83 23 92 172 166 109 191 21 89) 103 232 164 199 198 Leamn the notation and setup for two-way ANOVA tests Leamn about the three main types of deviations and how they break into additional effects. Use mean-square values to compute different sample F statistics, Use the F distbution to estimate P-values and conclude the test ‘Summarize experimental design features using a completely random ized design flow chart ly Bank is interested in average customer satisfaction regarding atomated voice mal somers to enier account numbers and passwords using 1d beng the use of bank tellers or bank represen ndevening ntact. Thee timesof day are understudy: moning, afternoon, ‘yjenily Bank could dotwo studies: one regarding serge customer satisfaction tomated or hank representative) and one regarding th regard to time of day. The first study could be vjfference-ofmeans test because there are only two types of contact one-way ANOVA. e technique of two-way uly could be accomplished ui lowever, Friendly Bark could se just one study and lance (known as two-way ANOVA) to simultancously study average vrcen with regard to the variable type of cootact and the variable re to the interaction between the two variables. An omer satisfaction ent if, for istance, the difference in aver vg hours than, ontact is much more pronounced during the ev moon hours or the morning hours