Transport

Phenomena CHEN 3001

Week8tutorialsolutions

1.

Tf=313.6K
Propertiesofairatfilmtemperature:
Density=1.127kg/m3;cp=1.005kJ/kg.K;k=0.0271W/m.K;kinematicviscosity=
16.97x10^6m2/s.
Re=vL/=2.52x10^5(assumelaminar)
NuL=0.664Re^0.5Pr^1/3
So,h=1.32W/m2.K
Q=hA(TsTfluid)=2725.2W

Naturalconvection:
LC=(surfacearea)/(perimeter)=(6.1x6.1)/(4x6.1)=1.525m
Ra=1.52x10^10
Nu=0.15Ra^(1/3)=371
>h=(371)(0.0271W/m.K)/(1.525m)=6.6W/m2.K
CompareReynoldsnumberandGrashofnumber:
Re=2.52x10^5

Gr^0.5=1.46x10^5

AstheReynoldsnumberandthesquarerootoftheGrashofnumberarecomparable,thismeans
thatthecontributionsofboththeforcedandnaturalconvectionaresignificant.Adifferent
correlationwouldthereforeberequiredtoaccountfortheeffectsofbothphenomena.
PS.Acommoncorrelationthatcombinestheindividualcontributionsofnaturalandforced
convectionis:
Nu3=NuF3NuN3
Thedependsonwhetherthetwophenomenaoccurasassisting/transverseflows.

2.Asstainlesssteelhasamuchhigherconductivitythanwool,wecanassumethatthe
temperatureinthestainlesssteelcompartmentisapproximatelyuniform,i.e.78K.The
temperatureatthestainlesssteelwoolinterfaceisthereforeapprox.78K.
Thecalculationcanthenbedoneasfollows:

T Tstainless steel wool int erface

Rconduction , wool Rconvection

Tocalculateresistanceduetoconvection,weneedtoestimatetheHTCduetonatural
convection.Forsphere,wecanusethefollowingcorrelation:

Nu D 2 0.43Ra 1 4

Note:Wecanalsousethecorrelationthatisgivenonthelecturenotes,i.e.

Nu D 2

0.589 Ra 1 4

1 0.469 Pr

9 16 4 9

,butletssayweusethesimplerequationfornow.

Asthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthewoolinsulationisnotknown,weneedtoassumea
filmtemperaturevalue,suchthatwecanusethisasthebasisforthecalculation.AssumeTf=
260K,meaningthatthefirstapproximationforthesurfacetemperatureis242K.
Propertiesofairat260K:density=1.3587kg/m3;cp=1.0054x10^3J/kg.K;kinematicviscosity
=1.2146x10^5m2/s;k=2.3080x10^2W/m.K.
Lc=Diameter=0.6m+(0.32*2/100)+(5*2/100)=0.7064m

Gr

g TLC

=3.25x10^9

Resistanceduetoconvection=1/hAs=1/[(3.15W/m2.K)(4xpi()xr^2)]=0.2023
Resistanceduetoconductionthroughsteelwool:

Rconduction

ro ri
=0.9289
4kro ri

Totalresistance=1.1312

278 78
=176.8W
1.1312

Rechecktemperatureatthesurfaceofthewoolinsulation:

T Tstainless steel wool int erface

Rconduction , wool Rconvection

Twool=242.23K,whichisclosetotheinitialestimate.

3. Q H 2 H 1

1
2
2
v 2,ave v1,ave g z 2 z1
2

AsH=U+PV,

Q U 2 U 1 P2V2 P1V1

1
2
2
v 2,ave v1,ave g z 2 z1
2

Nochangeinvolumeandcrosssectionalarea.Also,Visthevolumeofthefluidperunit
mass(kg).So,V=1/rho:

P2V2 P1V1

Q U 2 U1

P2 P1

P2 P1

1
2
2
v 2,ave v1,ave g z 2 z1 =200.49J/kg
2

4.

Fromsteamtables:H1(waterat85deg.C)=355.9kJ/kg,rho1=1/0.0010325=968.5kg/m3.
Massflowrate=9.152kg/s
Workdonebythefluid=Ws=814J/kg
Heatgivenupbythefluidasitpassesaheatexchanger,Q=153846J/kg

Q Ws H 2 H 1

1
2
2
v 2,ave v1,ave g z 2 z1
2

>H2=202.67x10^3J/kg
ThiscorrespondstoT2ofapproximately47deg.C(fromsteamtables).