VERTEBRAL COLUMN

( BACK

BONE, COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

BERNARD SM HUTABARAT;dr,PAK
FACULTY OF MEDICINE - UPH

DAILY ACTIVITIES

VS

BACK BONE ( COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS )

: 71CM , : 61CM ; FORMED BY VERTEBRAS ( VERTEBRAE ) :

1. TRUE

VERTEBRAS (

VERTEBRAE

VERAE,

PRESACRALES ) :
1.1. CERVICALS ( CERVICALES,C )
1.2. THORACIC ( THORACALES, T )
1.3. LUMBAR ( LUMBALES , L )

2. FALSE

VERTEBRAS

SPURIAE

: 7
:12
: 5

( VERTEBRAE

):

2.1. SACRUM ( SACRALES , S)

4 5 FUSED (AGE:20-25 YRS)

2.2. COCCYXS ( COCCYGEALES ):

:
1

3 - 4 FUSE

TOTAL ( ADULTS )

:26

VERTEBRAL COLUMN SPECIAL FORM OF FICK

1.ANTERIOR CURVE ( LORDOSIS )
1.1. CERVICAL ( LORDOSIS CERVICALIS) :
C 1 C 5 T2
AGE 2 -3
8 9 MONTHS
2.POSTERIOR CURVE ( KYPHOSIS )
2.1 THORACAL(KYPHOSIS THORACALIS)
T 2 T 6 T 12

1.2. LUMBAL ( LORDOSIS LUMBALIS )

T12 L 3/4 LUMBOSACRAL
ANGLE(ANGULUS LUMBOSACRALIS)
AGE 1 YR ( STANDING )
2.2. KYPHOSIS SACRALIS
ACCORDINGLY TO SACRAL CURVE

LINE OF BODY WEIGHT / GRAVITY

HEAD & UPPER LIMBS

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

VERTEBRAL CURVATURE

CENTER OF GRAVITY ( COG )

( S2 )

ANKLE JOINT

CENTER OF BODY WEIGHT

PROC.MASTOIDEUS (MASTOID PROCESS)

ARTICULATIO HUMERI ( SHOULDER JOINT)

CENTER OF GRAVITY ( COG )

(S2)
ARTIC. COXAE ( HIP JOINT )
ARTIC. GENU ( KNEE JOINT )
ARTIC. TALO CRURALIS ( ANKLE JOIN )

CHARACTERISTICS OF A VERTEBRA
2. VERTEBRAL PROCESS : 7
( PROCESSI VERTEBRALES )
-SPINE (PROC.SPINOSUS)
-TRANSVERSE(PROC.TRANSVERSUS)
- ARTICULAR PROCESS: 4
(PROCC. ARTICULARES)
SUPERIOR(2) ET INFERIOR(2)
4. VERTEBRAL ARCH.
(ARCUS VERTEBRALIS)
3. VERTEBRAL FORAMEN
( FORAMEN VERTEBRALE)
5. VERTEBRAL NOTCH ( INCISURA VERTEBRALIS )
1. VERTEBRAL BODY ( CORPUS VERTEBRAE )

ARCUS VERTEBRALIS
CONSISTS OF :
1. LAMINA
2.RADIX( ROOT, PEDICLE )

LAMINECTOMY
VERTEBRAL NOTCH
( INCISURA VERTEBRALIS ):
1. SUPERIOR
FORAMEN INTERVERTEBRALE

N. SPNALIS
2. INFERIOR

DIFFERENCES AMONG VERTEBRAS

VERTEBRA CERVICALIS
- PROC. SPINOSUS : BIFIDA
- FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM
- CORPUS VERTEB : OVAL
A.VRTEBRALIS ( C 6-1 )

VERTEBRA THORACALIS
- CORP.VERT. : SMALLER, HEART SHAPED
- FOR. VERTEBRALE : CIRCULAR
- ARTICULAR FACETS FOR RIBS

- PROC. SPINOSUS : NEARLY VERTICAL

VERTEBRA LUMBALIS
- PROC. SPINOSUS : BROAD, RUDDER SHAPED
- FOR. VERTEBRALE : TRIANGULAR
- NO PROC. TRANSVERSUS ; REPLACED BY
- PROCC. ARTICUKARES SUPERIOR ET INFERIOR

SACRUM
FACIES VENTRALIS
BASIS OSSIS SACRI
FORAMINA SACRALES ANTERIORES
PARS LATERALIS OSSIS SACRI
OS COXA
FACIES DORSALIS
LINEA SACRALIS LATERALIS
FORAMINA SACRALES POSTERIORES.
LINEA SACRALIS INTERMEDIA
LINEA SACRALIS MEDIA
HIATUS SACRALIS
APEX OSSIS SACRI.

SPECIFIC VERTEBRA
FACIES SUPERIOR
CERVICAL 1 ( ATLAS )
- NO CORPUS VERTEBRAE
- FACIES ARTIC.SUP.
CONDYLUS
OCCIPITALIS

- TUBERCULAE ANT. ET POST.

- FOVEA DENTIS
FACIES INFERIOR
CERVICAL 2 (EPISTROPHEUS,
AXIS )

- DENS EPISTROPHEUS

FACIES VENTRALIS

FACIES DORSALIS

JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

1. JOINTS

AMONG VERTEBRAL BODIES.

2. JOINTS

AMONG VERTEBRAL ARCHES

JOINTS AMONG VERTEBRAL BODIES

TYPE : AMPHIARTHROUS

JOINT ( AMPHIARTHROSIS ) , SLIGHTLY

MOVABLE,FORMED BY INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS ( DISCI INTER

VERTEBRALES ).
DESIGN FOR STRENGTH AND WEIGHT BEARING

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ( DISCUS INTERVERTEBALIS )

LOCATION : AMONG VERTEBRAL BODIES ,
EXCEPT C 1 & C 2 ; OF BACKBONE
LENGTH

COMPONENTS :
1. ANNULUS FIBROSUS
2. NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
FUNCTION : WEIGHT BEARING
RUPTUR OF ANNULUS
HERNIA NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
RADICULAR PAIN

HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS ( HNP )

HERNIA

NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

COMPRESSED SPINAL CORD

RADICULAR PAIN

JOINTS AMONG VERTEBRAL ARCHES & LIGAMENTS

OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN
TYPE OF JOINTS :
DIARTHROUS ( DIARTHROSIS ) ;
FREELY MOVABLE.
LIGAMENTS :
1. LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
2. POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
LIGAMENT ( LIG.LONGIT.
POSTERIOR )

3. ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
LIGAMENT ( LIG.LONGIT.
ANTERIOR )

4. SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT
( LIG. SUPRASPINOSUS )

5. NUCHAL LIGAMENT (LIG.

NUCHAE ).

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

1. M. TRAPEZIUS (1)
2. M.LEVATOR SCAPULAE (3)
3. M. RHOMBOIDUS MINOR
5. M. SUPRASPINATUS (6).
.6. M. INFRASPINATUS (7)
7. M. TERES MINOR
8. M. TERES MAJOR
4. M. RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION ( JUNCTURA CRANIO

VERTEBRALIS )
TYPE : CONDYLOID JOINT ( ARTICULATIO CONDYLOIDEA )
FUNCTION:HEAD MOVEMENT ON VERTEBRAL COLUMN .
CONSISTS OF 6 JOINTS :
1. ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS
( ARTICULATIONES ATLANTO-OCCIPITALES )
2. ATLANTO AXIAL JOINTS
( ARTICC. ATLANTO EPISTROPHICAE )

:2
:4

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT
BETWEEN

OCCIPITAL CONDYLE

AND ATLAS.

LIGAMENTS :
1.ANTERIOR OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE
( MEMBRANA ATLANTO-OCCIOPITALIS
ANTERIOR ).

2.POSTERIOR OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE

( MEMBRANA OCCIPITALIS POSTERIOR)

ATLANTO AXIAL JOINTS

BETWEEN C1

CONSISTS

OF :

1. ANTERIOR

ATLANTO-DENTALIS

2. POSTERIOR
3. LATERAL

ATLANTO-DENTALIS

ATLANTO-EPISTROPHICA

AND

C2

REFERENCES / RESOURCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

BRASH & JAMIESON : CUNNINGHAMS TEXTBOOK OF

ANATOMY.
BRUNNSTROM, SIGNE : CLINICAL KINESIOLOGY
DUVALL, ELLEN NEAL : KINESIOLOGY;THE ANATOMY OF
MOVEMENT.
DISCOVERY HEALTH
E HEALTH MD
GOOGLE IMAGES
ORAHILLY,MLLER, CARPENTER & SENSON : BASIC
HUMAN ANATOMY
THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND
FITNESS