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S=
H
.(IV.1)
x
dimana :
S
H = Beda tinggi
X = Jarak memanjang
Contoh perhitungan kemiringan sungai Lematang
ja r a k ( m )
ja r a k L
0
(m )
E le v a s i ( m )
4 .0 3
188
188
3 .2 7
235
423
3 .3 4
154
577
3 .7
102
679
3 .9 7
3 .9 1
165
844
B M .1
246
1090
4 .3 6
224
1314
3 .2 2
252
1566
2 .7 9
149
1715
3 .1 4
10
102
1817
3 .4 9
11
223
2040
3 .5 2
12
214
2254
3 .1 7
13
177
2431
3 .3 9
14
92
2523
3 .2 1
15
225
2748
3 .3 9
16
239
2987
3 .4 9
17
178
3165
3 .4 6
18
89
3254
3 .1 8
19
249
3503
3 .2 7
20
228
3731
3 .1 4
21
122
3853
3 .2 5
B M .2
67
3920
3 .2 4
22
234
4154
3 .4 6
23
183
4337
3 .3 5
24
92
4429
3 .1 6
25
245
4674
3 .2 6
26
161
4835
3 .6 2
27
79
4914
3 .2 4
28
174
5088
3 .4 2
29
83
5171
3 .1 5
30
273
5444
3 .2 3
31
209
5653
3 .3 1
B M .3
74
5727
3 .1 2
32
226
5953
3 .1 2
33
195
6148
3 .2
34
181
6329
3 .1 4
35
187
6516
2 .9
IV-1
4.5
BM.1
Elevasi (m)
11
17
3.5
BM.2
27
2.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0
-0.06 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-0.1
200
-0.2
ELEVAS (m)I
ELEVAS (m)I
-0.12
-0.18
-0.24
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-0.5
-0.36
-0.6
-0.42
-0.7
JARAK (m)
JARAK (m)
0.04
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
-0.04
0
ELEVASI (m)
ELEVASI (m)
0.00
-0.08
-0.12
100.00
300.00
400.00
-0.08
-0.12
-0.16
-0.16
-0.2
JARAK (m)
JARAK (m)
0.01
0.2
0.17
100
200
300
400
-0.01
ELEVAS (m)I
ELEVAS (m)I
200.00
-0.04
-0.02
0.14
0.11
-0.03
0.08
-0.04
0.05
-0.05
JARAK (m)
100
200
300
JARAK (m)
Untuk kemiringan sungai-sungai yang lain dapat dilihat pada table berikut :
IV-2
7000
BM.1
11
17
BM.2
27
0.00101
0.00089
0.00051
0.00047
0.00013
0.00030
K E M IR IN G AN L O K AL S U N G AI L AK IT AN
TIT IK D AT A
B M .1
15
21
B M .2
K E M IR IN G AN L O K AL (S )
0 .0 0 0 2 0
0 .0 0 0 31
0 .0 0 08 6
0 .0 0 0 5 2
0.0 0 0 4 0
BM.1
0.00035
11
0.0005
24
0.0013
34
0.0005
42
0.0005
BM2
0.00063
BM.1
14
21
30
40
BM2
0.00100
0.00028
0.00102
0.00337
0.00049
0.00099
Einsteins Approach
Langkah-langkah perhitungannya :
Step 1
: Asumsikan harga R
Step 2
buku
R'
V = 5.75*U *log 12.27 * X ......................................(IV.2)
ks
'
*
Step 3
gambar.
IV-3
' =
s d35
* '
SR
......(IV.3)
'
V
Step 4 : Hitung U *" = " *V ...........(IV.4)
U*
R"
(U )
=
" 2
*
gS
........(IV.5)
Step 5
: Hitung R = R+R
Step 6
IV-4
S o
B
Q d a ta
Q s e d .d a ta
0 .0 0 1 0 1
6 9 .5 0
9 1 .0 0
m 3 /d tk
2 .1 8
to n /d tk
u k u r a n s e d im e n
T tk d a ta
90
m m
65
m m
50
m m
D e b it
fa ll
v is c o s it a s
R ancangan
v e lo c it y
k in e m a t ik
( )
35
m m
/ d e t ik
G r a v ita s i
( g )
( v )
G a m m a a ir
G a m m a S e d im e n
m / d e t2
50
60
70
80
1
0 .7 8 5 0
0 .3 1 5 0
0 .2 4 1 0
0 .0 1 9 7
0 .1 2
90
0 .0 0 0 0 1 6
9 .8
6 2 .3 8
165
91
100
120
130
U *' = ( gR ' S )
1/ 2
R '
T tk d a ta
d ic o b a
"
1 1 . 6
U *'
ks
d 50
(R )
'
1/ 2
R '
lo g 1 2 .2 7
x
ks
x
g ra f 3 .9
R'
V = 5.75U *' log 12.27
ks
'=
s d 35
SR '
V
U
"
*
g ra f. 3 .1 0
"
*
V
=
U
"
*
0 .8 1 2
0 .0 9 0
0 .0 0 2 0 7
0 .0 9 4 5
0 .4 0
1 .6 2 5
0 .8 3 8
3 9 .6 3 4
5 .1 0
4 .2 7 1
0 .9 2 1
0 .0 9 5
0 .0 0 1 9 4
0 .1 1 4 2
0 .4 1
1 .6 0 8
0 .8 8 3
3 4 .9 4 4
5 .3 0
4 .6 7 9
1 .0 2 0
0 .1 0 0
0 .0 0 1 8 5
0 .1 3 3 1
0 .4 2
1 .5 9 7
0 .9 2 2
3 1 .5 5 2
5 .6 0
5 .1 6 5
1 .1 0 5
0 .1 0 5
0 .0 0 1 7 7
0 .1 5 0 1
0 .4 5
1 .6 0 9
0 .9 6 8
2 9 .1 2 5
5 .9 0
5 .7 0 9
1 .1 7 5
0 .1 0 8
0 .0 0 1 7 2
0 .1 6 4 5
0 .5 0
1 .6 4 2
1 .0 1 8
2 7 .3 9 0
6 .2 0
6 .3 1 1
1 .1 7 6
0 .1 0 8
0 .0 0 1 7 2
0 .1 6 4 7
0 .5 3
1 .6 6 7
1 .0 3 4
2 7 .3 6 7
6 .2 1
6 .4 2 0
0 .1 1 0
0 .0 0 1 6 8
1 .3 7 4
0 .1 1 7
0 .0 0 1 5 9
0 .2 0 8 1
0 .6 3
1 .7 0 8
1 .1 4 5
2 3 .4 2 3
6 .4 0
7 .3 2 9
1 .4 1 8
0 .1 1 8
0 .0 0 1 5 7
0 .2 1 8 1
0 .7 2
1 .7 5 9
1 .1 9 8
2 2 .6 9 6
6 .5 0
7 .7 8 8
1 .2 3 3
T tk d a ta
(U )
"
*
R = R
'
+ R
"
A = 6 9 .5 D + 2 D 2
0 .1 7 6 9
0 .5 7
1 .6 8 8
A V
1 .0 7 2
2 6 .1 0 2
6 .3 0
6 .7 5 5
gS
0 .0 0 1 8 8
0 .8 1 4
5 9 .7 1 8
5 0 .0 2
0 .8 3 9
0 .0 0 2 2 6
0 .9 2 3
6 8 .0 5 0
6 0 .0 8
0 .9 5 3
0 .0 0 2 7 5
1 .0 2 3
7 5 .9 1 7
7 0 .0 2
1 .0 6 0
0 .0 0 3 3 6
1 .1 0 8
8 2 .7 1 8
8 0 .0 3
1 .1 5 2
0 .0 0 4 1 0
1 .1 7 9
8 8 .4 3 6
9 0 .0 1
1 .2 2 9
0 .0 0 4 2 5
1 .1 8 0
8 8 .5 1 1
9 1 .5 1
1 .2 3 0
0 .0 0 4 7 0
1 .2 3 8
9 3 .2 8 2
1 0 0 .0 1
1 .2 9 4
0 .0 0 5 5 4
1 .3 8 0
1 0 4 .8 2 9
1 2 0 .0 5
1 .4 4 8
0 .0 0 6 2 5
1 .4 2 4
1 0 8 .5 2 4
1 3 0 .0 3
1 .4 9 7
Untuk menentukan kedalaman sungai-sungai yang lain sama seperti perhitungan diatas dan dapat dilihat pada lampiran.
IV-5
IV.4.1.
Lematang Dengan
Metode Yangs.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
= B*D+D2
= 69.5 x 0.839 x 0.8392
= 59.718 m2
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3.
IV-6
4.
dan d
5.
6.
2 .5
+ 0 .6 6
U * d 50
lo g
0 .0 6
= 1.474
7. Kosentrasi sediment total
d50
U
0.457 log *
d
U
VS Vcr S
+ 1.799 0.409 log 50 0.314 log * log
= 0.11813 ppm
8. Muatan sedimen Qs
= 5.91*86400 = 5.1x105 ton/hari
Untuk perhitungan selanjutnya dapat dilihat pada tabel dihalaman lampiran.
IV-7
IV.4.2.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
= B*D+D2
= 69.5 x 0.839 x 0.8392
= 59.718 m2
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3.
4. Parameter
1/ 3
s
g 1
d gr = d50 * 2
IV-8
Lematang Dengan
d gr = 958.83
7. Parameter
m =
9 .6 6
+ 1 .3 4
d gr
m = 1 .3 5
8. Parameter
n = 1- 0.56 * log dgr
n = 1- 0.56 * log (958.83)
n = -0.67
9. Parameter
C = 10
2.86log d log d
gr
gr
) 3.53
2
= 0.000128
10. Parameter
A1 =
0 .2 3
( d gr )
1/ 2
+ 0 .1 4
A1 = 0 .1 5
11. Hitung
Fgr =
1 n
U *n
gd50 ( s 1)
1/ 2
32 log( d50D )
Fgr = 0.19
12. Hitung
F
Ggr = C gr 1
A1
Ggr = 0.00039
13. Hitung
Ggr d50 s
X=
n
U*
D
V
IV-9
X = 6.56*105
14.
15.
Muatan sedimen
Qs = Ct * QL
Qs = 3.28 * 86400 = 2.8x105 ton/hari
IV.3.3
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
IV-10
Lematang Dengan
3. Hitung
30.2 D
qSW = 6308.615
dimana :
- a = 2d 65 = 0.63 .
- U *' = U * = ( gRS )
1/ 2
ks
= 0.1
U *' d 65
= 0.0945
11.6
- =
k s d 65
=
= 78.75
x
x
- A=
2d 65
= 0.00075
D
- Z=
0.4U *'
ks
dan x
= 3.345
IV-11
6. Hitung
Gw = *W * D * S = 3045.471
IV-12
7. Hitung
Qs = W * qsw = 438448.739
8. Hitung
Q
Ct = s = 0.006946 ppm
Gw
IV.3.4.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
IV-13
Lematang Dengan
3.
Hitung
1/ 2
d 50
qs = 0.05 sV 2
s
g 1
( s ) d50
3/ 2
qs = 0.12231
dimana
0 = * D * S = 0.064
4.
Hitung
Gw = *W * D *V
Gw = 95.239
dimana W=lebar saluran
5. Hitung
Qs = W * qs = 8.501
6. Hitung kosentrasi sedimen
Q
Ct = s = 0.089 ppm
Gw
IV.3.5.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
IV-14
Lematang Dengan
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3. Tentukan nilai Fall velocity dari grafik 1.3 buku Sediment Transport,
Chih Ted Yang halaman 10
SF untuk pasir alam diambil 0,7, dengan melihat grafik didapat nilai
Fall velocity
IV-15
dan d
4. Hitung
log Ct = 107404.45938 + 324214.74734Y 326309.58909Y 2 +109503.87233Y 3
Ct = 0.068 ppm
dimana :
VS 0.57
Y = .32
0.007502
= 0.973
IV.3.6.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
IV-16
Lematang Dengan
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3. Hitung
0 = * D * S = 0.064
4. Tentukan nilai Fall velocity dari grafik 1.3 buku Sediment Transport,
Chih Ted Yang halaman 10
SF pasir alam diambil 0,7, dengan melihat grafik didapat nilai Fall
velocity.
dan d
5. Hitung
1/ 3
' =
V 2 d50
58 D
= 0.0099
6. Hitung
( gDS )
=
1/ 2
Re
d50
= 1507.513
7. Dengan melihat grafik 2.2 buku Sediment Transport , Chih Ted Yang
halaman 22 didapat nilai tegangan kritis
IV-17
8. Tentukan nilai
U*
( gDS )( d50 )
=
U*
= 0.409
1/ 2
U*
9. Hitung
IV-18
( )
U*
d
Ct = 0.01 50
D
7/6
'
U*
1 f
c i
Ct = 1.07 ppm
dimana :
c = ( s ) d50 = 1.577
10. Didapat nilai sedimen yang dicari
Qs = Ct * Q = 53.55 *86400 = 5.8x106 ton/hari
IV.3.7.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
IV-19
Lematang Dengan
3.
Hitung
( s 1) g ( d50 )
0.3
( D* )
1/ 2
qb = 0.053 (T )
2.1
1.5
qb = 0.14
4.
Hitung
d s = d50 1 + 0.011( s 1)(T 25 )
d s = 0.1382
2.
Hitung
Z=
3.
* ks *U *
= 0.032
Hitung
Z ' = Z + = 39.51
dimana :
= 1.65
4.
d35
= 39.48
RS
Hitung
( ah ) ( ah )
F=
= 0.715
'
a z
(1 h ) * (1.2 Z )
z'
1.2
'
5.
Hitung
qs = F *U * * h * Ca
qs = 2 x104
6.
IV-20
IV.3.8.
Lematang Dengan
Metode Colbys
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
2.
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3.
Dari data yang ketahui dengan melihat grafik 6.12, buku sedimen
transport, Chih Ted Yang, halaman 172 didapat nilai qti = 26
IV-21
4.
D dan qti
Dari data yang ketahui dengan melihat grafik 6.13, buku sedimen
transport, Chih Ted Yang, halaman 173 didapat nilai k1 =8,
k2 = 2.1, k3 = 1
5.
Hitung
qt = 1 + ( k1 * k2 1) *0.01* k3 * qti
qt = 30.11
6.
Hitung
Qs = W * qt = 2092.51
dimana W=B
7.
Hitung
Gw = *W * D * S = 3030.74 4
IV-22
8.
9.
IV.3.9.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
= B*D+D2
= 69.5 x 0.839 x 0.8392
= 59.718 m2
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3.
Hitung
q=
Q
= 0.719
W
IV-23
Lematang Dengan
dimana W=B
3.
Hitung
V0 =
4.
q
= 0.857
D
Hitung
qs
V
= 2.279 + 2.972 log
+
log
(1.65 gd 3 )1/ 2
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
50
50
V
log U * U * c +
1.060 log
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
50
50
D
U * U *c
0.299 log
log
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
d 50
50
qs = 16.32
dimana :
- U* = ( g * D * S )
1/ 2
- R* =
U *d50
= 0.091
= 137.262
- Didapat nilai R* =
U *d50
* = 0.047
IV-24
c = * ( s ) * d50 = 0.0012
U *c = c
1/ 2
5.
= 0.0135
Hitung
f
2
3
4
1
1
1
1
= 1.2 + 8.92 0.08 + 2.24 ( 3 ) 18.13 ( 3 ) + 70.90 ( 3 ) 88.33 ( 3 )
fo
f
fo
= 1.93
dimana :
=
6.
D*S
= 0.00213
1.65d50
Hitung
V1
(1.65 gd50 )
1/ 2
7.
8.
9.
qs
= 9.82
1/ 2
(1.65 gd50 )
Hitung
D=
q
= 0.393
V1
f =
8 gDS
= 0.044
V12
DS
= 0.3878
1.65d50
Hitung
Hitung
10. Hitung
U * = ( qDS )
1/ 2
= 0.062
11. Hitung
Re =
U *d50
= 93.911
IV-25
0.216
f
fo
0.164
= 1.8319
Didapat nilai
R* =
U *d50
* = 0.041
12. Hitung
c = * ( s ) * d50 = 0.00101
13. Hitung
1/ 2
U *c = c
= 0.013
14. Hitung
qs
V
V
= 2.279 + 2.972 log
+ 1.060 log
log
1/
2
1/
2
1/
2
(1.65 gd 3 )
(1.65 gd )
(1.65 gd )
50
50
50
D
U * U *c
U * U *c
log
0.299
log
log
+
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
(1.65 gd )1/ 2
d 50
50
50
qs = 4.09
15. Hitung
Qs = W * qs * s = 1.3x102 ton/hari
Untuk perhitungan selanjutnya dapat dilihat pada tabel dihalaman lampiran.
IV-26
IV.3.10.
= 0.241 mm
= 0.00101
Temperatus (t)
= 14.5 OC
= 69.5 m
= 50 m3/detik
= 165
= 62.38
Grafitasi (g )
= 9.80
= B*D+D2
= 69.5 x 0.839 x 0.8392
= 59.718 m2
Q
A
= 0.837 m/detik
3.
Hitung
qbw = K t *V * ( 0 c )
qbw = 0.0146
dimana :
- 0 = * D * S = 0.064
- c = 0 ( s ) d50 = 1.577
IV-27
Lematang Dengan
V
0S
= 0.0011
U * ( s ) d 50
6.
V
U*
S
( s ) d 50 dan Kt
Hitung
qsw = qbw * Rs = 0.002
dimana :
- Rs =
D
0.8* a *V
2U *
I2
V * I1
k
Rs = 0.136
7. Hitung:
a =
a
= 5.523
D
Z2 =
2
= 0.439
U *k
8. Hitung
IV-28
dan I1
9.
Hitung
qt = Kt *V * ( c )(1 Rs )
qt = 18.119
IV-29
dan I 2
Ted
10.
Hitung
Gw = *W * D *V = 3045.47
11. Hitung
Qs = W * qt = 1259.28
12.
Hitung
Ct =
Qs
= 0.41
Gw
IV-30