12/30/08

HEAT EXCHANGERS
Transfer of heat between two fluids that do not come into direct contact
Double-pipe/concentric heat exchanger

simplest exchanger
useful for small flow rates
cocurrent or countercurrent

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

Shell-and-tube HEAT EXCHANGERS

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

Shell-and-Tube HEAT EXCHANGERS

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

Shell-and-Tube HEAT EXCHANGERS

Condenser

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

U-Tube HEAT EXCHANGERS

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

Plate-and-frame HEAT EXCHANGERS

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

HEAT EXCHANGERS
Shell-and-tube exchanger
most common in process industries
larger and continous flow
tubes arranged in bundle
one single shell

(a) 1 shell pass & 1 tube pass (1-1 exhanger)

simplest = 1 shell pass & 1 tube pass

= 1-1 counterflow exhanger

cross-baffles force fluid to flow

perpendicularly across tube bank

(b) 1 shell pass & 2 tube passes (1-2 exhanger

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

HEAT EXCHANGERS
Cross-flow exhanger

(a) One fluid mixed (gas) & one fluid unmixed

(b) both fluids unmixed

gas such as air being heated or cooled

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

Double-pipe HEAT EXCHANGERS

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

LOG MEAN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE CORRECTION

FACTOR
q = UiAiTm = UoAoT m
where Tm = mean temperature = FTTlm

(a) 1-2 exchanger (any multiple of 2 tube passes)

Not recommended to use FT < 0.75

(b) 2-4 exchanger (any multiple of 4 tube passes)

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

LOG MEAN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE CORRECTION

FACTOR

(a) Single pass, shell fluid mixed,

other fluid unmixed

(b) Single pass, both fluids unmixed

q = UiAiTm = UoAoT m
where Tm = mean temperature = FTTlm

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

HEAT EXCHANGER EFFECTIVENESS NTU

METHOD

(a) Countercurrent exchanger

(b) Parallel flow exhanger

q = Cmin(Thi Tci)

where Cc = (mcp)c , Ch = (mcp)h & Cmin = the smaller of Cc and Ch

FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept

12/30/08

FOULING FACTORS AND TYPICAL OVERALL

U VALUES

T1

Ti
Ri

T3

T2
Rdi

Rw

To

T4
Rdo

Ro

Overall heat transfer coefficient heat exchanger :

Typical fouling coefficients in Table 4.9-1 while typical values of overall

heat-transfer coefficients in shell-and-tube exchangers in Table 4.9-2
FKKKSA

Chem. Eng. Dept