Prepared by Harun Kse

A1 FIRST WEEK (13-14.12.2014)

Hello (Merhaba, Selam):
Mr (Mistr) : Evli ve bekar erkelerde kullanlr.
Mrs ( Missis) : Evli bayanlarda
Miss (Mis) : Bekar bayanlarda
Ms (Mis) : Evli ya da bekar olduu bilinmeyen durumlarda kullanlr.
NOT: Bu tip hitap ekilleri Soy isime yaplr. sme bu ekilde hitap edilemez.
Mr. Kse, Mr. Harun Kse olabilir. Fakat Mr. Harun olmaz.
Meeting-Karlama
Hello
Hi
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
How are you?
Hows it going?
Whats up?
Hows everything
Not bad
So-so
Not much
Im ok. Thank you
Great!
Im fine
Im very well. And
you?
How old are you?
Im 35 years old

Goodye-Hoakal
Bye
Goodbye
Goodnight
See you
See you later
See you tomorrow
Take care
Have a nice weekend
Have a nice day

Practice
Helou
Hay
Gud morning
God afturnuun
Gud ivning
Hav ar yu
Hav iz it going
Vats ap
Hav iz evritink
Nat bed
So so
Nat ma
Aym okey. Tenk yu
Greyt
Aym fayn
Aym veri vel. End yu

Merhaba, Selam
Merhaba, Selam
Gnaydn
Tnaydn
yi akamlar
Naslsn?
Ne var ne yok?
Ne haber?
Ne var ne yok?
Fena deil
yle byle
ok deil
yiyim. Teekkrler
Mkemmel
yiyim
ok iyiyim. Ya sen

Hav old ar yu
Aym trti fayf yirs
old

Ka yandasn
Aym thirty-five years
old
Practice

Bay
Gud bay
Gud nayt
Si yu
Si yu leytr
Si yu tmorrov
Teyk ker
Hev a nays vkend
Hev a nays dey

Hoakal
Hoakal
yi geceler
Grrz
Sonra grrz
Yarn grrz
Sevgiyle kal
yi hafta sonlar
yi gnler

Countries and Nationalities (lkeler ve Uyruklar):

Countries
Australia

Pronounciation Nationalities Pronounciation Turkish Mean

Australya
Australian
Australyn
AvustralyaAustralyal
Brazil
Brzil
Brazilian
Birzilyn
BirezilyaBireazilyal
Canada
Kenida
Canadian
Keneydyn
Kanada-Kanadal
China
ayna
Chinese
ayniis
in-inli
Colombia
Kilombiya
Colombian
Kilombiyan
KolombiyaKolombiyal
France
Frens
French
Firen
Fransa-Fransal
Hungary
Hangri
Hungarian
Hangeriyn
MacaristanMacar
Ireland
Earlnd
Irish
Ayri
rlanda-rlandal
Italy
tli
Italian
talyn
talya-talyan
Mexico
Meksiko
Mexican
Meksken
MeksikaMeksikal
New
Niv Zilnd
New
Niv Zilndr
Yeni ZellandaZealand
Zealander
Yeni Zellandal
Peru
Pru
Peruvian
Pruviyan
Peru-Perulu
Poland
Polnd
Polish
Poli
PolonyaPolanyal
South Africa Saut efrka
South
Saut efrken
Gney AfrikaAfrican
Gney Afrikal
Spain
Speyn
Spanish
Spen
spanya-spanyol
Turkey
Trki
Turkish
Trki
Trkiye-Trk
UK
Yu key
British
Briti
ngiltere-ngiliz
USA
Yu es ey
American
Amerken
AmerikaAmarikan
Venezuela
Venizuveala
Venezuelan
Venizuvealn
VenezellaVenezellal
Where are you from : Nerelisin ?

Practice

I am from Turkey and I live in stanbul : Trkiyedenim ve stanbulda yayorum.

What is your nationality : Hangi millettensin ? / I am Turkish : Trkm
When is your birthday : Doum gnn ne zaman
My birth day is on the 11th of June
Classroom Language (Snf Dili):
Sentences
Speak in Engilish
Dont speak in Turkish
I dont know
I dont understand
What is the answer to question
Can you speak more slowly
How do you say . n English
What does this word mean
Can I go out
Write sentences
Look at the board

Turkish Mean
ngilizce konuun
Trke konumayn
Bilmiyorum
Anlamyorum
Sorunun cevab ne
Daha yava konuabilir misiniz.
ngilizcede nasl sylersiniz
Bu kelimenin anlam ne
Dar kabilir miyim
Cmleleri yazn
Tahtaya bakn

Practice

Be quiet, please
Can you repeat that
Listen to the CD
Close your books
Thats right
Read the text
Open your books
Any questons
Turn the page

Ltfen sessiz olun

Bunu tekrarlayabilir misiniz
CDyi dinleyebilir misiniz
Kitaplarnz kapatn
Bu doru
Metini okuyun
Kitaplarnz an
Sorusu olan
Sayfay evirin

Subjective Pronouns (zne zamirleri) : Cmlelerde isimlerin yerlerini alrlar. Cmlenin banda
zne olarak kullanlrlar.
I
You
He
She
It
You
We
They

Ben
Sen
O (erkek)
O (Bayan)
O (Hayvanlar ve Canszlar)
Siz
Biz
Onlar

Am
Are
s
s
s
Are
Are
Are

Examples:
Aye is a student : Aye bir renci
She is a student : O bir renci
She isnt a student : O bir renci deil
s she a student : O bir rencimi?
snt she a student : O bir renci deil mi?
nterrogative Pronouns (Soru Zamirleri):
Practice
What
Where
When
Who
Whom
Whose
Which
How
Why
How many
How much

Ne
Nerede
Ne zaman
Kim
Kimi
Kimin
Hangisi
Nasl
Neden
Ka tane
Ne kadar (saylamayan isimler
iin)
How long
Ne kadar sre (zaman)
How far
Ne kadar sre (mesafe)
From whom
Kimden
With whom
Kimle
How much sugar is there at home : Evde ne kadar eker var?
3

Counts :
Practice
First
1th
Birinci
th
Second
2
kinci
Third
3th
nc
Fourth
4th
Drdnc
Fifth
5th
Beinci
th
Sixth
6
Altnc
Seventh
7th
Yedinci
Eighth
8th
Sekizinci
th
Ninth
9
Dokuzuncu
Tenth
10th
Onuncu
Eleventh
11th
Twelfth
12th
Thirteenth
13th
Fourteenth
14th
Fifteenth
15th
Sixteenth
16th
Seventeenth
17th
Eighteenth
18th
Nineteenth
19th
Twentieth
20th
Thirtieth
30th
Fortieth
40th
Fiftieth
50th
Sixtieth
60th
Seventieth
70th
Eightieth
80th
Ninetieth
90th
Hundredth
100th
Yznc
Hundred first
101th
Yzbirinci
th
Sixty third
63
Seventy sixth
76th
Thousandth
1000th
Millionth
1000000th
Bir milyonuncu
1073 : Ten and seventy three / One thousand seventy three
2589 : Two thousand five hundred eighty nine
NOT : 1% (One percent), 24% (Twenty percent)
Singular-Plural Nouns (Tekil-oul simler):
Sonu o ile bitenler es taks alr. Potato-potatoes
Sonu x ile bitenler es taks alr. Fox-foxes
Sonu s ile bitenler es taks alr. Glass-glasses
Sonu f/-fe ile bitenler ves taks alr. wolf-wolves
Sonu y ile bitenler ve ondan ncesinde sessiz harf olanlarda, y der ve ies taks alr. City-cities
/ story-stories
Sonu-ch/-sh ile bitenler es taks alr. Dish-dishes, watch-watches. Dierleri s taks alr.
4

Singular
Boy
Desk
Party
Dormitory
County
Story
Baby
Foot
Tooth
Goose
Door
Knife
Shelf
Self
wolf
Class
Glass
Grass
Boss
Tomato
Potato
Watch
Brush
Wash
Dish
Box
Fox
Woman
Man
Ox
Person
This
That
Fish
Sheep
Deer

Pronounciation
Boy
Desk
Parti
Dormitori
Kauntri
Stori
Baybi
Fuut
Tuut
Giuz
Door
Nayf
elf
Self
Volf
Klas
Glas
Gras
Bos
Tumeyto
Poteyto
Vo
Bra
Va
Di
Bax
Fox
Womn
Men
Oks
Prsn
Dis
Det
Fi
iip
Diyr

Plural
Boys
Desks
Parties
Dormitories
Countries
Stories
Babies
Feet
Teeth
Geese
Doors
Knives
Shelves
Selves
Wolves
Classes
Glasses
Grasses
Bosses
Tomatoes
Potatoes
Watches
Brushes
Washes
Dishes
Boxes
Foxes
Women
Men
Oxen
People
These
Those
Fish
Sheep
Deer

Mean
Olan
Sra
Parti
renci yurdu
lke
Hikaye
Bebek
Ayak
Di
Kaz
Kap
Bak
Raf
Kendi
Kurt
Snf
Gzlk
imen
Mdr, patron
Domates
Patates
Saat
Fra
amar
Tabak
Kutu
Tilki
Kadn
Adam
kz
nsan
Bu
u
Balk
Koyun
Geyik

Practice

Uncountable Nouns (Saylamayan simler ): Aadaki isimler ngilizcede saylamazlar.

Rice
Bread
Water
Sugar
Beer
Cola
Chocolate
Hair
Money
Cheese
Butter
Oil

Pronounciation
Rayz
Bred
Vadr
ugr
Biyr
Kola
aklt
Heyr
Mani
iyiz
badr
Oyl

Practice
Pirin, pilav
Ekmek
Su
eker
Bira
Kola
ikolata
Sa
Para
Peynir
Tereya
Zeytin ya
5

Cash
Furniture
News
Mail

Ke
Frniur
Niz
meyl

Nakit para
Mobilya
Haber
Posta

This-That (Bu-u) :
This is a pencil : Bu bir kalem
These are pancils: Bunlar kalamler
That is a pencil : u bir kalem
Those are pencils : unlar kalemler
mperative Sentences (Emir Cmleleri):
I open the window : Pencereyi aarm (Normal cmle yaps)
Open the window : Pencereyi a (Emir cmlesi)
Dont open window : Pencereyi ama
The Colours (Renkler):
Colour
Black
White
Blue
Red
Green
Yellow
Orange
Pink
Purple
Brown
Silver
Grey
Dark blue
Light Blue
Colorful

Pronounciation
Blek
Vayt
Bulu
Red
Grin
Yelov
Ornc
Pink
Prpl
Brovn
Silvr
Grey
Dark bulu
Layt nulu
Kalrful

Renkler
Siyah
Beyaz
Mavi
Krmz
Yeil
Sar
Turuncu
Pembe
Mor
Kahverengi
Gm rengi
Gri
Koyu mavi
Ak mavi
Renkli, rengarenk

Practice

Possesive Pronouns (Mlkiyet Zamirleri): Kendilerinden sonra isim alrlar.

My
Your
His
Her
Its
Your
Our
Their

Benim
Senin
Onun (erkek)
Onun (Bayan)
Onun (Hayvanlar ve Canszlar)
Sizin
Bizim
Onlarn

Examples:

Ali and Aye are married. Their home has got a garden. The garden is very beautifull : Ali
ve Aye evliler. Onlarn evinin bir bahesi var. Bahe ok gzel.
Ali has got a son. His name is Hakan: Alinin bir olu var. Onun ad Hakan
I have got a bird. Its name is Canku

A-AN-THE: A ve An ngilizce de isimlerin nlerine getirilir. Bir-Herhangi bir anlam verir. Genel
olarak isimler sessiz harf ile balyorsa a, sesli harf ile balyorsa an getirilir. Fakat okunularda
da bu geerlidir. Yani sesli harf ile balayan bir kelime sesiz harf ile balayarak telaffuz ediliyorsa
a getirilir.
1. simlerden nce a/an kullanlr. Genel eylerden bahsederken kullanlr.
A table, a boy, a pencil, a skirt, a blouse, a rug, a university
An orange, an umbrella, an apple, an onion, an hour, an egg
2. Mesleklerden nce a/an kullanlr.
I am a teacher
I am an engineer
3. Baz klie szlerde a/an kullanlr.
Practice
Take a nap
Just a minute
Go for a walk
Go for a picnic

ekerleme yapmak, kestirmek

Bir dakika
Yrye gitmek
Piknie gitmek

4. Bir eyden ikinci kez bahsediliyorsa The kullanlr.

I bought some fruit. The fruit was bad : Biraz meyve aldm. Meyve ktyd.
5. Sadece United ile balayan lkelerde The kullanlr. Dier lkelerde kullanlmaz.
The United States, The United Kinkdom, The United Arap Empires
6. Herkesin bildii eylerden bahsedilirken The kullanlr.
7. zel isimlerde The kullanlmaz.
I bought a new house, The house was very big : Yeni bir ev aldm. Ev ok bykt.
I broke a glass yesterday. The glass was a gift : Dn bir bardak krdm. Bardak hediyeydi.
NOT-1:
A ve an : Bi anlam verir.Kim olduu belirsiz olan durumlarda kullanlr.
One : Bir anlam verir. Kim olduuna vurgu yapld zaman kullanlr.
A day : Herhagi bir gnden bahsediliyorsa a kullanlr.
One day : Belirli bir gnden bahsediliyorsa one kullanlr.
There is a man in the garden : Bahede bir adam var (Herhangi bir adam)
NOT-2: Pants, glasses, earings, shoes gibi kelimelerin nne a veya an getirilmez.

Possessive Case (Sahiplik Durumu) : s taks nin, -nn anlam verir. Cmle iindeki is (be)
fiilinden ayrmak iin cmlenin tamamna bakmak gerekir. Sahiplik durumundan sonra isim gelir.
Examples:
My mothers bag : Annemin antas
My brothers phone : Kardeimin telefonu
My brothers phones: Kardelerimin telefonlar
A childs dream : ocuun ryas
Childrens dream : ocuklarn hayali.
Cats eyes: Kedinin gzleri
Eyes of the cat : Kedinin gzleri
Dolls hair : Oyuncak bebein sa
Hair of the doll : Oyuncak bebein sa
Ayes hair : Ayenin sa
Hair of the Aye : Bu yap insanlarda kullanlmaz.
NOT : I went to the bakers (Frna gittim). Burada ki s taks sahiplik durumu deildir. in yapld
yeri belirtmek iin kullanlr. Bu durumu cmlenin yapsna gre ayrmak gerekir. The Doctors, The
Chemists gibi
Jobs (Meslekler) :
Jobs
Accountant
Baker
Barber
Barman
Builder
Butcher
Carpenter
Cashier
Cleaner
Dentist
Doctor
Electrician
Engineer
Fireman
Hairdresser
Judge
Lawyer
Nurse
Optician
Painter
Plumber
Policeman
Receptionist
Reporter

Pronounciations
Ekeuntnt
Beykr
Borbr
Barmen
Biyuldr
Batr
Karpintr
Keiyr
Klinr
Dentist
Daktr
Elektirn
Encinyr
Fayrmen
Heyrdresr
Ca
Lavyr
Nrs
Optin
Peyintr
Plambr
Poliyizmen
Rsepnist
Riportr

Meslekler
Muhasebeci
Frnc
Berber
Barmen
naat ustas
Kasap
Marangoz
Kasiyer
Temizliki
Dii
Doktor
Elektriki
Mhendis
tfaiyeci
Kuafr
Yarg, hakim
Avukat
Hemire
Gzlk
Ressam, boyac
Musluku
Polis memuru
Resepsiyon memuru
Muhabir

Practice

Scientist
Secretary
Surgeon
Miner
Writer
Florist
Poet
Speaker
Gardener
Shoemaker
Greengrocer
Retired
President
Prime minister
Clown
Journalist
Advertiser
Architect
Tailor
Delivery person
Tour guide
Actor
Actress
Waiter
Waitress
Shop assitant
Photographer
Sales person
nterviewer

Sayntist
Sekreter
Srcn
Maynr
Raytr
Florist
Poit
Spikr
Gardnr
u meykr
Grin grosr
Ritayrd
Prezidnt
Praym ministr
Klaun
Crnlist
Edvrtayzr
Arkitekt
Teylr
Dlvrey prsn
Tur Gayd
Ektr
Ektris
Veydr
Vayitres
op assistnt
Ftografr
Seyls prsn
ntrvivr

Bilim adam, bilgin

Sekreter
Cerrah
Madenci
Yazar
ieki
air, ozan
Spiker
Bahvan
Ayakkabc
Manav
Emekli
Cumhurbakan
Babakan
Palyao
Haber yazar
Reklamc
Mimar
Terzi
Kurye, kargo grevlisi
Tur rehberi
Oyuncu, aktr
Bayan oyuncu
Bay Garson
Bayan garson
Satc, Tezgahtar
Fotoraf
Sat grevlisi
Rportajc,
Grmeyi yapan ()

Can-Cant (-e bilmek, -a bilmek) : Beceri ve yeteneklerden bahsederken kullanlr.

I can ride motorbike : Ben motorsiklet srebilirim.
I cant ride bicycle : Ben bisiklet sremem.
I can drive a car : Ben araba srebilirim.
She can ride bicycle : O bisiklet srebilir.
Can she ride bicycle : O bisiklet srebilir mi?
Cant she ride bicycle : O bisiklet sremez mi?
What Time (Saat) : Saatler sylenirken 24 saat zaman dilimine gre sylenmez.
What time is it / What is the time : Saat ka?
Practice
Past
To
Half
Quarter
pm
am

Gee
Kala
Buuk
eyrek
len 12 gece 12
Gece 12/ len 12
9

07:00 : Its seven oclock

11:00 : Its eleven oclock
06:30 : Its half past six
08:30 :Its half past eight
03:15 : Its quarter past three
01:45 : Its quarter to two / Its fourty-five past one
03:45 : Its guarter to four / Its fourty-five past three
01:01 : Its one past one
03:35 : Its twenty-five to four / Its thirty-five past three
03:35 : Its three thirty-five (Ksa Syleyi)
Adjectives (Sfatlar) :
Adjectives
Busy
Hungry
Thirsty
Shy
Outgoing
nvite
Funny
Serious
Cheerful
Enjoyable
Generous
Optimistic
Pessimistic
Sensitive
nsensitive
Punctual
Calm
Jealous
ntrovert
Extrovert
Compotent
Dependent
Rude
Polite
Typical
Special
nternational
ndustrial
Mental
Physical
General

Pronounciatio
n
buzi
Hangri
Frsti
ay
autgoing
nveyt
Faniy
Sirys
iyrful
Encoybl
Cenirs
Optimistik
Pesimistik
Sensitiv
nsensitiv
Pankval
Kalm
Cels
ntrvrt
Ekstrovrt
Kamptnt
Dipendnt
Rud
Polayt
Tipikl
Spel
ntrnenl
ndastriyl
Mentl
Fizikl
Cenirl

Turkish Mean

Practice

Megul
Ackm, a
Susuz, susam
Utanga
Da dnk
Samimi, davet etmek
Komik
Ciddi
Neeli
Elenceli, neeli
Cmert
yimser
Ktmser, karamsar
Hassas, duyarl
Duygusuz, dncesiz
Dakik
Sakin, soukkanl
Kskan
e dnk
Da dnk
Ehil, uzman
Baml
Kaba
Kibar, nazik
Tipik
zel
Uluslararas
Endstriyel
Zihinsel
Fiziksel
Genel
10

Pleasant
Significant
Tolerant
Variant
Different
Patient
Sufficient
Excellent
Frequent
Anxious
Conscious
Dangerous
Obvious
Famous
Horrific
Democratic
Scientific
Platonic
Sympathetic
Basic
Dirty
Dusty
Messy
Noisy
Sandy
Stony
Rocky
Healthy
Angry
Nervous
Active
Passive
Attractive
Expensive
Comfortable
Fashionable
Possible
Horrible
Useful
Careful
Beautiful
Skilful
Grateful
Faithful
Useless
Careless
Breathless
Bored
Tired
Surprised
Worried
Confused
Excited
nteresting

Pilesnt
Signifiknt
Tolirnt
Veriynt
Difrnt
Peynt
Suffint
Eksilnt
Frikunt
Enks
Konus
Dencirs
Obvis
Feyms
Horrifik
Demokratig
Sayntifik
Pilatonik
Simpefetik
Beyzik
Drty
Dasti
Mesi
Noyzi
Sendi
Stoni
Roki
Healti
Engri
Nrvs
Ektiv
Pesiv
Etrakdiv
Ekspensiv
Kamfrtbl
Feinbl
Posbl
Horibl
Yuzful
Keriful
Bituful
Skilful
Greytful
Feytful
Yuzles
Kerls
Bretls
Bord
Tayrd
Sprayzd
Voryid
Konfiyuzd
Egzaytd
ntresting

Ho, samimi, memnun

Dikkate deer, nemli
Hogrl
Deiiklik gsteren
Farkl
Sabrl
Kafi, Yeterli
Mkemmel
Sk
Endieli, kaygl
Bilinli
Tehlikeli
Bariz, Apak
Mehur
Korkun
Demokratik
Bilimsel
Platonik
Sempatik
Temel
Kirli
Tozlu
Dank
Grltl
Kumlu
Tal
Kayalk
Salkl
Sinirli
Sinirli, gergin
Faal, haraketli
Pasif
ekici, cazibeli
Pahal
Rahat
Modaya uygun
Mmkn
Berbat
Faydal
Dikkatli
Gzel
Becerikli
Minnettar
Sadk
Faydasz, yararsz
Dikkatsiz
Nefessiz
Can sklm, bkkn,
Yorgun
arm
Endielenmi
Kafas karm
Heyecanl
lgin, lgi ekici
11

Boring
Tiring
Surprising
Worrying
Confusing
Exciting
Necessary
Whole
Perfect
Personal
Own
Private
Recent
Available
Official
Responsible
Traditional
Religious

Boring
Tayring
Sprayzing
Voriying
Konfiyuzing
Egzayting
Neseseri
Hol
Prfekt
Prsnl
avn
Prayvid
Risnd
Aveylibl
Offil
Rispansbl
Trediinl
Relics

Skc, usandrc
Yorucu
artc
Endielendirici
Kafa kartrc
Heyecan verici
Gerekli
Tam, btn, tm
Kusursuz
Kiisel, zel
Kendine zg
Mahrem, Kiisel
Son, yeni
Msait
Resmi
Sorumlu, mesul
Geleneksel
Dindar, dinsel

Vocabulary :
Practice
Zero-null
dormitory
mperative
Nice
Pleasure
all
Same
Whereabouts
Really
Cook
Next to
Near
All of them
Dot
Trousers
Jeans
Pants
Scissors
Shoes
Boats
Suit
Gadget
Engaged
A pair
Apostrophe
Poem
purse
doll
Over there
Over here
Look for

dormitori
imperadiv
Nays
plejur
ol
seym
Verbeots
Rili
kok
Neks tu
Niyr
Ol of dem
Dat
Turavzrs
Ciins
Pents
Sizrs
iyus
Bots
Siyut
Gect
ngeycd
A peyr
Epastrofi
Poem
prs
dol
Ovr der
Ovr hiyr
Luk for

Sfr
renci yurdu
Zorunlu, emir
Ho
Zevk, memnuniyet
Tm, hepsi
Ayn
Nerelerden, Semt
Gerekten
A, Yemek Piirmek
Bitiik
Yakn, yannda
Onlarn hepsi
Nokta
Pantolon
Kot pantolon
Pantolon
Makas
Ayakkab
Bot
Takm elbise, uygun olmak
Cihaz, kk aygt
Nianl
Bir ift
Tepeden virgl
iir
Kadn czdan
Oyuncak bebek
urada
Burada
Aramak, aratrmak
12

Synonym
Antonym
Bracket
till
Marital status
Freak

Sinonim
Antonim
Brekt
til
Merdl stats
Frik

Round-up

Raund ap

Punctuation
Capital
Cross out

Pankveyn
Kepidl
Kros aut

Odd

od

Anlamda
Zt anlaml
Parantez, paranteze almak
-e kadar, -dein
Medeni hal
-..delisi, -lgn, lgna
dnmek
Hesab yuvarlamak, Bitirmek,
Tamamlamak
Noktalama
Byk harf, sermaye, bakent
izmek, silmek, Listeden
silmek
Acayip, tuhaf

Sentences :
Practice
Nice to meet you
Pleasure to meet you
I love you
I love you too
Its a fact
What do you do / What is
your job
I see
Come on

Tantmza memnun oldum

Tantmza memnun oldum
Seni seviyorum
Bende seni seviyorum
Bu bir gerek ki
Ne yaparsn / Meslein ne (Ayn
cmleler)
Anladm
Hadi

A1 SECOND WEEK (20-21.12.2014)

Home Life (Ev Yaam) :
English
Hoover
Mop the floor
Mop up
Washing up
Washing machine
Dishwasher
Sink
Wash basin

Pronounciation
Huvr
Elektrik Sprgesi, Elektrik
sprgesi ile temizlemek
Map d flor
Paspas atmak
Map ap
Paspaslamak
Voaing ap
Bulak ykama
Voaing min
amar makinas
Di voar
Bulak makinas, bulak
Sink
Lavabo /(Bulak ykanan)
Voa beysn
Lavabo (El yz ykanan)

Practice

Days (Gnler) :
NOT-1:Gnler sylenirken ncesinde -on kullanlmaldr. De, -da anlam verir.
NOT-2 : Eer gnn akam eklinde bir cmle kurulacaksa (on Friday evening) yine -on
kullanlmaldr. Fakat sadece sabah, le ve akam (in the morning, in the noon, in the evening)
kullanlrsa in kullanlmaldr.
NOT-3: Weekend kullallacaksa ncesinde at konulmaldr. Weekdays kullanlacaksa ncesine
-on konulmaldr.
13

English
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Weekend
Weekdays

Pronounciation
Mandey
Tizday
Venizdey
Trzdey
Fraydey
Sadurdey
Sandey
Vikend
Vikdeys

Practice
Pazartesi
Sal
aramba
Perembe
Cuma
Cumartesi
Pazar
Hafta sonu
Hafta ii

Months and Seasons (Aylar ve Mevsimler) : Aylar sylenirken ncesinde -in kullanlmaldr.
De, -da anlam verir.
English
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Spring
Summer
Fall
Autumn
Winter

Pronounciation
Cenyuveri
Febyuveri
Mar
Eyprl
Mey
Cuun
Culay
Ogst
Septembr
Oktobr
Novembr
Disembr
Spring
Samr
Fol
Otm
Vintr

Practice
Ocak
ubat
Mart
Nisan
Mays
Haziran
Temmuz
Austos
Eyll
Ekim
Kasm
Aralk
lkbahar
Yaz
Sonbahar
Sonbahar
K

Also (-de, -da) : Cmle ierisinde kullanldnda de, -da anlam verir.
Examples :
I am an engineer too : Ben de mhendisim.
I am also an engineer : Ben de mhendisim.
Like- Look like :
Like: Beenmek, Sevmek, Gibi
Look Like : Benzemek, gibi grnmek (Fiziksel grnler iin kullanlr)
Examples :
She likes doing homework : O ev devini yapmay sever (Like fiil olarak kullanlmtr)
She isnt like me : O benim gibi deil. Bana benzemez (Like edat olarak kullanlmtr)
What does she look like : Kime benziyor, neye benziyor (Fiziksel)
She look likes fat : O iman grnyor.
14

Simple Present Tense (Geniz Zaman) :

Simple present tense iinde bulunulan an ifade etmek iin kullanlr.
I work in stanbul : stanbulda alrm (Hala stanbulda almaktaym anlamndadr)
Alkanlklar ve hergn yaplan ileri ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Bu tr cmlelerde genellikle
sklk zarflar kullanlr ( always, ususally, generally etc.)
She often goes to work late : O ie sk, sk ge gider.
The child usually drink milk before going to bed : ocuk uyumadan nce ounlukla st ier.
Bilimsel gerekler ve doruluu kantlanm genellemeler bu tense ile ifade edilir.
Water freezes at 0 oC : Su sfr derecede donar.
Subject + Verb + Object
NOT :
Olumlu cmle yapsnda He, She ve It zneleri varsa fiil s taks alr. Ayn zneler ile olumsuz
veya soru cmlei yaplacaksa fiile konulan s taks kaldrlr ve s taks yardmc fiile konur.
Dier zneler ile (I, You, They ) yaplan hibir cmlede fiile s taks konulmaz.
Examples:
She eats an apple : O bir elma yer.
She doesnt an apple : O bir elma yemez
Does she eat an apple : O bir elma yermi?
Our student does homework : Bizim renci ev devini yapar (burada do esas fiil olduundan s
taks almtr)
Our student doesnt do homework : Bizim renci ev devini yapmaz.
Does our student do homework : Bizim renci ev devini yapar m?
Doesnt our student do homework : Bizim renci ev devini yapmaz m?
Our students do homework : Bizim renciler ev devlerini yaparlar (burada onlar olduu iin esas
fiil s taks almaz)
Our students dont do homework : Bizim renciler ev devlerini yapmazlar.
Do our students do homework : Bizim renciler ev devlerini yaparlar m?
Dont our students do homework : Bizim renciler ev devlerini yapmazlar m?
We go to school at the weekends : Biz hafta sonlar okula gideriz.
We dont go to school at the weekends : Hafta sonlar okula gitmeyiz.
Do we go to school at the weekends : Hafta sonlar okula gidermiyiz?

15

Entertainment (Elence):
Practice
Watch TV
Watch a DVD
Watch a film
Listen to music
Listen to a song
Go to the cinema
Go to a concert
Stay at home
Spend time with friends

TV izlemek
DVD izlemek
Film izlemek
Mzik dinlemek
ark dinlemek
Sinemaya gitmek
Konsere gitmek
Evde kalmak
Arkadalarla zaman geirmek

Until-Till (-ya kadar, -a kadar) :

Until Its one oclock : Saat bire kadar
Till Its one oclock : Saat bire kadar
Gerund (sim Fiil): Eer ngilizce de iki fiil yan yana gelecekse; iki fiil arasna ya -to gelir, ya da
ikinci fiil ing eki alr. Kendisinden sonra ing eki aldran fiillere gerund denir.
English
Like
Love
Hate
Enjoy
Cant stand

Pronounciation
Layk
Lav
Heyt
ncoy
Kent stend

Dislike

Dislayk

Practice
Beenmek, Sevmek
Sevmek
Nefret etmek
Zevk almak
Dayanamamak,
Tahamml edememek
Sevmemek, houna
gitmemek

Examples:
Do you like listening to music : Mzik dinlemeyi severmisin?
Does she like eating apple : O elma yemeyi sever mi?
Yes, She likes eating apple : Evet, Elma yemeyi sever (Present tensete fiile eklenen s taks
kural burada da devam eder).
No, She doesnt like eating apple : Hayr elma yemeyi sevmez.
I Dont like swimming : Yzmeyi sevmem.
nfinitive (Mastar) : Kendisinden sonra -to alan fiilleridir. Kendisinden sonra gelen fiil yaln hali ile
kullanlr.
English
Would you like
Want

Pronounciation
Vu yu layk
stemek (Kibar syleyi)
vant
stemek

Practice

NOT : Would ile kurulan soru cmlelerinde; soru you ile sorulacaksa (would you like eklinde)
would vu olarak okunur. Dier tm znelerle kurulan soru, olumlu veya olumsuz cmlelerde
would vud olarak okunur.
16

Examples:
I want to go shopping : Alveri yapmaya gitmek istiyorum.
I would you like to stay at home : Evde kalmak istiyorum.
Would you like to drink some thing : Bir ey imek ister misiniz?
I would like to drink coffee : Kahve imek isterim.

Would you like to watch film : Film seyretmek ister misin?

Yes, Id like to watch film : Evet, film seyretmek isterim
No, I wouldnt like to watch film : Hayr, film seyretmek istemem.

Do you want to watch film : Film seyretmek ister misin?

Yes, I do : Evet isterim
No, I dont : Hayr istemem

Would you like to eat pizza : Pizza yemek ister misin?

Would you like pizza : Pizza ister misin ? (Eer yemek fiili karlacaksa to da karlmaldr).
Would you like to drink tea : ay imek ister misin?
Would you like tea : ay ister misin?

Would you like to go out : Dar kmak ister misin?

No, I wouldnt like to go out : Hayr, dar kmak istemem.
Yes, I would like to go out : Evet dar kmak isterim.
I want to stay at home : Evde kalmak istiyorum.
Collocation (Birlikte Kullanm-Kalplam Cmleler) : Bu kelimeler kalplamtr.
English
Pleased to
Have breakfast/lunc/dinner
Do shopping
Study/Do homework
Check my e-mails
Download information
Send on SMS messages
Surf the internet
Do the washing-up
Hang out
Take carete lesson

Pronounciation
Pliiz to
Hev brekfst
Du obing
Du homvrk
ek may imayls
Danlod infrmeyn
Du d vang ap
Heng aut

Practice
Memnun olmak
Kahvalt yapmak
Alveri yapmak
Ev devi yapmak
Postalara bakmak
Bilgi indirmek
Mesaj gndermek
nternette gezinmek
Bulak ykamak
Arkadalarla taklma
Karete dersi almak
17

Go shopping
Talk on the phone
Read a magazine
Go to the gym

Go oping
Rid e megazin

Alverie kmak
Telefonla konumak
Dergi okumak
Spora gitmak

How Often (Ne sklkta) :

Once a day-Once a week-Once a month : Gnde bir kez-Haftada bir kez-Ayda bir kez
Twice a day-Twice a week-Twice a month : Gnde iki kez-Haftada iki kez-Ayda iki kez
Three times a week : Haftada kez
Four times a day : Gnde drt kez
Five times a month : Ayda be kez
Adverbs of Frequency (Sklk Zarflar) :
English
Always
Usually
Generally
Often
Sometime
Seldom
Rarely
Hardly ever
Never

Pronounciation
Olveys
Yujuli
Cenrli
Ofn
Sam taym
Seldam
Rerli
Hardli evr
Nevr

Practice
Daima, her zaman
ounlukla
Genellikle
Sk, sk
Bazen
Nadiren
Nadiren
Neredeyse hi
Hi, asla

NOT-1 : Cmlede esas fiil varsa, sklk zarflar esas fiilden nce gelir.
Examples :
I always get good marks in the exam: Ben snavda her zaman iyi notlar alrm.
He usually remembers to do his homework: O her zaman ev devini yapmay hatrlar.
Sam usually arrives on time : Sam ounlukla zamannda varr.
Do you sometimes feel sad : Bazen kt hissedermisin?
I sometimes forget my wifes birthday : Bazen eimin doum gnn unuturum.
NOT-2 : Cmlede yardmc be fiili varsa, sklk zarflar yardmc fiilden sonra gelir.
Examples :
I am never interested in English : Ben asla ngilizce ile ilgilenmem.
They are sometimes pleased to see me : Onlar bazen beni grmekten memnun olurlar.
I am never late : Asla ge kalmam.
Our class is always clean: Snfmz her zaman temizdir.
NOT-3: Cmlede yardmc fiil (can, may, might, do, does, will, would, did) varsa, sklk zarflar
yardmc fiilden sonra gelir.
18

Examples :
I can hardly ever speak English: Ben neredeyse hi ngilizce konuamam
She can never hardly ever me in a race : O beni yarta neredeye hi yenemez.
We dont often see her: Onu sk sk grmeyiz.
NOT-4 : Never veya Hardly ever gibi sklk zarflar kullanld zaman, cmle olumsuz olur. Ayrca
olumsuluk eki (not) kullanlmaz.
Examples :
I hardly ever do the washing up: Neredeyse hi bulak ykamam.
I never swim in the sea : Asla denizde yzmem.
I never go to hospital : Asla hastaneye gitmem.
NOT-5 : Cmle iinde (present tense ile kurulan) yardmc fiil varsa, esas fiil s taks almaz.
Examples :
I would never be unkind to somebody : Ben asla birisine nezaketsiz olmam.
Vocabulary :
English
Volunteer
Elderly
Company
Never mind
Mind
Get up
Editor
Housekeeper
Bellboy
Reporter
Through
Already
Stair
Upstairs
Down stairs
Entertain
Entertainment
Adventure
Horror
Cant stand

Pronounciation
Volntiyr
Eldrli
Kampani
Nevr maynd
Maynd
Get ap
Editr
Hauskipr
Belboy
Riporter
Truu
Olredi
Siteyr
Ap siteyrs
Davn siteyrs
Entrteyn
Entrteynmnt
Edvenr
Horr
Kent stend

Awesome
According to
Out of breath
For a while
All right then
nclude
Exclude
Something

Osm
Akording tu
Aut of bred
For e vayl
Ol rayt ten
nkluud
Ekskluud
Samting

Practice
Gnll, isteyerek yapmak
Yal, yallara yer vermek
Elik etme, irket
Bo ver, aldrma, nemseme
nemsemek, akl, zihin
Kalkmak, uyanmak
Editr
Temizliki kadn
Valiz tayan otel grevlisi
Muhabir
Boyunca, vastasyla
Zaten, oktan, hali hazrda
Merdiven
st kat, yukarya
Aa kat, aaya
Elendirmek
Elence
Macera
Korku
Dayanamamak, Tahamml
edememek
Harika, mkemmel
Gre (Xe gre)
Nefes nefese
Bir sreliine, bir sredir
Tamam yleyse
ermek, dahil etmek
Hari turmak
Bir ey
19

Train
Neighbourhood
Recognise
Championship
Soccer
Announcement
Promt
Leisure
How often
Unkind
Somebody

Treyn
Neyburhud
Rekignayz
ampiyonip
Sokr
Enaunsmnt
Pramt
Lejr
Hav ofn
Ankaynd
Sambadi

dman yapmak
Komuluk, mahalle
Tanmak
ampiyona
Futbol
Anons, duyuru
Ynerge, hatrlatmak
Bo vakit
Ne sklkta
Nezaketsiz
Birisi

A1 THRD WEEK (27.12.2014)

Family :
Practice
Family
Parents
Father
Mother
Husband
Wife
Brother
Sister
Son
Daughter
Children/kids
Grandfather
Grandmother
Uncle
Aunt
Grandchild
Grandson
Granddaughter
Nephew
Niece
Cousin
Father-in-law
Mother-in-law
Stepfather
Stepmother
Mum
Mummy
Dad
Daddy
Daughter-in-law
Son-in-law
Brother-in-law
Sister-in-law

Femli
Pernts
Fatr
Madr
Hasbnd
Vayf
Bradr
Sistr
San
Dotr
ldrn
Grendfadr
Grendmadhr
Ankl
Aunt
Grendayld
Grendsan
Grenddotr
Nefyuu
Niis
Kazn
Fadr in lav
Madr in lav
Sitepfadr
Sitepmadr
Mam
Mami
Ded
Dedi
Dotr in lav
San in lav
Bradr in lav
Sistr in lav

Geni aile
ekirdek aile
Baba
Anne
E (erkek)
E (Kadn)
Erkek karde
Kz karde
Erkek ocuk
Kz ocuk
ocuklar
Bykbaba
Byk anne
Amca, day
Teyze, hala
Torun
Erkek torun
Kz torun
Erkek yeen
Kz yeen
Kuzen
Kaynbaba
Kayn valide
vey baba
vey anne
Anne
Anneciim
Baba
Babacm
Gelin
Damat
Kayn birader
Baldz, elti

20

Possessive Adjectives And Possesive Pronouns (Aitlik Sfatlar ve Mlkiyet Zamriler):

Possessive Adjectives
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

Benim
Senin
Onun
Onun
Onun
Bizim
Sizin
Onlarn

Possesive Pronouns
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs

Benimki
Seninki
Onunki
Onunki
Onunki
Bizimki
Sizinki
Onlarnki

NOT-1: Aitlik sfatlar tek balarna kullanlmazlar. Mutlaka kendilerinden sonra bir isim gelmelidir.
My book is over there : Benim kitabm orada
Your girlfriend is beautiful : Kz arkadan gzel
Its car is nice : Onun arabas ho
Her children are crazy : Onun ocuklar lgn
Our home is large : Bizim evimiz geni
Your name is Aye : Senin adn Aye
NOT-2 : Mlkiyet zamirleri tek balarna kullanlrlar. Kendilerinden sonra isim gelmez.
This pen is mine : Bu kelem benimki
Your hands are not my hands are cold : Senin ellerin benim ellerim kadar souk deil.
Your hands are not mine are cold : Senin ellerin benimkiler kadar sopuk deil.
It is my book (o benim kitabm): Its mine (O benimki)
Those are their pens (unlar onlarn kalemleri) : Those are theirs (u kalemler onlarnki)
Simple Present Continuous Tense ( imdiki Zaman) :
imdiki zaman konuma esnasnda devam etmekte olan eylemleri ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Bu
tr cmlelerde ou zaman Now, at the moment, at the present, right now, just now, at this
moment gibi zaman zarflar kullanlr.
Uzun sren bir eylemi anlatmak iin kullanlr.
You are taking carete lesson
I am studying to become a doctor.
Look! / Listen! / Be quiet gibi bata kullanlan uyar cmlelerinden sonra genel olarak imdiki
zaman kullanlr.
Please be quiet! I am studying : Sessiz olun ltfen, ders alyorum.
Gelecek zaman zarflar kullanlarak, yakn gelecekte yaplmas tasarlanan eylemler bu tense ile
ifade edilir.
What are you doing next week : Gelecek hafta ne yapyorsun
I am travelling tomorrow : Yarn seyahat ediyorum.
We are going to cinema tonight : Bu akam sinemaya gidiyoruz.
21

 imdiki zaman ierisinde always kullanlrsa ikayet anlam katar.

You are always coming to the lesson late .: Sen srekli derse ge geliyorsun.
While I am studying lesson, he always talking loud : Ben ders alrken o srekli yksek sesle
konuuyor.
He always talking loud while I am studying lesson : Ben ders alrken o srekli yksek sesle
konuuyor.
My husband is always snorring : Kocam daima horluyor.
You are always talking : Sen daima konuuyorsun
They are always staying with us : Sen bizimle birlikte oturmuyorsun (Cmle olumlu ama anlam
olumsuz)
Subject + Auxiliary Verb (am-is-are) + Main Verb (+ing) +Object
zne + yardmc Fiil (am-is-are) + Asl fiil (+ing) + Nesne
Practice
At the moment
At this moment
Now
Nowadays
Just
This morning
This night
This evening
Right now
Just now
At the present time

Et d momnt
Et dis momnt
Nav
Navodeys
Cast
Dis morning
Dis nayt
Dis ivning
Rayt nav
Cast nav
Et d preznt taym

imdi
Bu aralar
imdi
Bu gnlerde
mdi
Bu sabah
Bu gece
Bu akam
u anda
u anda
u anda

Examples :
She isnt studying at the moment : O imdi ders almyor.
Is he eating now : O imdi yiyormu?
They are studying now: Onlar imdi ders alyorlar
Its raining, take an umbrella with you : Yamur yayor, emsiyeni al.
Take your umbrella, Its raining : emsiyeni al, yamur yayor
You are sitting on the chairs : Sandelyelerin zerinde oturuyorsunuz
We are drinking tea now : imdi ay iiyoruz.
We are speaking Turkish : Biz Trke konuuyoruz.
It is raining today : Bugn yamur yayor
They are cooking : Onlar yemek yapyorlar
You are lying : Sen yalan sylyorsun
The dog is dying in the garden : Kpek bahede lyor
22

Alex is having a shower at the moment : Alex imdi du alyor.

Is he smoking : Sigara iiyormusun (u an)
Are you learning Engilish : ngilizce reniyormusun
NOT : ngilizcede haraket bildirmeyen fiiller ing taks almazlar. Duraan, haraket bildirmeyen ve
duygu bildiren bu fiiller geni zaman kural ile kurulurlar fakat imdiki zaman anlam verirler.
-ing Taks Almayan Fiiller
Practice
Love
Like
Dislike
Hate
Feel
Cant stand
Think
Forget
Doubt
Remember
Know
Believe
Need
Want
Have
Enjoy
Fear
Surprise

Sevmek
Beenmek
Beenmemek
Nefret etmek
Hissetmek
Tahamml edememek
Dnmek
Unutmak
phe duymak
Hatrlamak
Bilmek
nanmak
htiyac olmak
stemek
Sahip olmak
Zevk almak
Korkmak
artmak

Examples:
I believe that you say the true : Doruyu sylediine inanyorum.
I like cats and dogs : Kedileri ve kpekleri seviyorum.
Spelling Of ng :
Kural-1 : Fiil -e ile bitiyorsa, e der ve ing eklenir.
Practice
Write
Hope
Admire
Hide
Bore
Dance
Take
Drive
Ride
Make
Give
Have
Save

Writing
Hoping
Admiring
Hiding
Boring
Dancing
Taking
Driving
Riding
Making
Giving
Having
Saving

Rayt
Hop
Edmayr
Hayd
Bor
Dans
Teyk
Drayv
Rayd
Meyk
Giv
Hev
Seyv

Yazmak
mit etmek
Hayranlk duymak
Saklamak
Skmak, bunaltmak
Dans etmek
Almak, gtrmek
Araba srmek
Bisiklet,motorsiklet srmek
Yapmak
Vermek
Sahip olmak
Kurtarmak, saklamak

23

Kural-2 : Fiil -ee ile biterse direk ing eklenir.

Practice
Free
See
Agree

Freeing
Seeing
Agreeing

Firi
Sii
Egri

Rahatlamak, Serbest brakmak

Grmek
Hemfikir olmak

Kural-3 : Bir sesli bir sessiz ile biten fiillerde, -ing eklenirken son harf ift yazlr. Yani nsz
tremesi olur.
Practice
Beg
Begging
Beg
Yalvarmak
Run
Running
Ran
Komak
Set
Setting
Set
Dzenlemek
Rub
Rubbing
Rab
Srtmek, ovmak
Cut
Cutting
Kat
Kesmek
Put
Putting
Put
Koymak
Sit
Sitting
Sit
Oturmak
Plan
Planning
Plen
Planlamak
Stop
Stopping
Stap
Durmak, durdurmak
Get
Getting
Get
Elde etmek, kazanmak,erimek
Knit
Knitting
Nit
rg rmek
Hit
Hitting
Hit
arpmak, vurmak
Bid
Bidding
Bid
Teklif etmek
stisnalar-1 : Yukarda ki nsz tremesi kuaral, sonu w, -y, ve x iel biten fiillerde geerli
deildir. Bu tip fiillerde nsz tremesi olmaz. Direk ing eklenir.
Practice
Snow
Play
Fix
Mix

Snowing
Playing
Fixing
Mixing

Snov
Pley
Fiks
Miks

Kar yamak
Oynamak, almak
Dzeltmek, tamir etmek
Kartrmak

stisnalar-2 : Eer fiil bir sesli bir sessiz ile bitiyorsa (Kural-3) ve sessiz harften nce iki tane sesli
harf varsa yine treme olmaz.
Practice
Look
Book
Read
Keep

Looking
Booking
Reading
Keeping

Luuk
Buuk
Rid
Kiip

Bakmak
Yer ayrtmak
Okumak
Saklamak, tutmak

Kural-4 : Bir sesli bir sessiz ile bitiyorsa ve vurgu son hecede ise son harf iki kere yazlr.
Practice
Prefer
Control

Preferring Prifr
Controlling Knrol

Tercih etmek
Kontrol etmek, denetlemek

Kural-5 : Vurgu ilk hecede ise son harf tek yazlr.

Practice
Listen

Listening

Lissn

Dinlemek
24

Happen

Happening Hepn

Olmak, meydana gelmek

Kural-6 : Fiil -y ile bitiyorsa direk ing alr.

Practice
Try
Play

Trying
Playing

Tray
pley

Denemek
Oynamak, almak

Kural-7 : Fiil -ie ile bitiyorsa ie der yi ve ing alr. Lie-lying,tie-tying

Practice
Lie
Tie
Die

Lying
Tying
Dying

Lay
Tay
Day

Yalan sylemek
Balamak
lmek

Kural-8 : Fiil iki sessiz ile bitiyora direk ing alr.

Practice
Start

Starting

Stard

Balamak

Home :
Practice
Bed
Painting
Wardrobe
Sofa
Armchair
Lamp
Fireplace
Coffee table
Curtain
Mirror
Bedside table
Rug
Living room
Dining room
Study room
Bedroom
Bathroom
Saloon
Stairs
Basement
Upstair
Downstair
Roof
Penthouse
Attic

Bed
Peinting
Vordrop
Sofa
Armeyr
Lemp
Fayrpleys
Kafi teybl
Krtn
Mirrr
Bedsayd teybl
Rag
Living rum
Dayning rum
Stadi rum
Bedrum
Bethrum
Soluun
Steyrs
Beysmnt
Apsteyr
Davnsteyr
Ruuf
Penthaus
Atik

Yatak
Tablo, resim
Gardrop, Elbise dolab
kili l koltuk
Koltuk
Lamba
mine
Sehpa
Perde
Ayna
Komodin
Kilim, hal
Oturma odas
Yemek odas
alma odas
Yatak odas
Banyo
Salon
Merdiven
Bodrum
st kat
Alt kat
at
at kat
at kat

25

Prepositions (Edatlar):
Practice
Between
Next to
Near
On
Over
Above
n
Under
Opposite
n front of
On the corner of
n the middle of
Behind

Bitviin
Neks tu
Niyr
On
Ovr
Ebov
n
Andr
Obst
n front of
On d kornr of
n d midl of
Bihaynd

Arasnda
Bitiiinde
Yannda
stnde
zerinde
zerinde
inde
Altnda
Karsnda
nnde
Kesinde
Ortasnda
Arkasnda

Examples :
The chairs are in the middle of the room
The table is opposite me
The painting is over the wall
Vocabulary :
Practice
Snore
Loud
Doubt
Truth
Put yourself in
somebodys shoes
Anyway
Pole
Minus
Thats very kind of you
Thats all

Snor
Laud
Daut
Truf

Earring
Bracelet
Necklace
Ring

rng
Breyslt
Nekls
Ring

Eni vey
Peol
Mayns
Dets oll

Horlamak
Yksek ses
phe duymak, kukulanmak
Doru, gerek
Kendini bakasnn yerine
koymak
Herneyse
Kutup, direk
Eksi
ok naziksiniz
Hepsi bu kadar, bundan
ibaret
Kpe
Bilezik
Kolye
Yzk, almak

26

A1 FOURTH WEEK (03.01.2014/04.01.2015)

There is/There are :
There is tekillerde kullanlr. Hem saylabilen isimlerde hemde saylamayan isimlerde
kullanlabilir.
Saylabilen isimler ile kullanldnda ismin nne a/an konulmaldr.
Saylamayan isimlerle kullanld zaman ise, isim saylabilir hale getirlmeldir.
There is a cat on the roof : atda bir kedi var
There is a table in the room : Odada bir masa var
There is some milk in the refrigerator : Buzdolabnda biraz st var
There is cheese in the refrigarator : Dolapta peynir var.
There isnt a cinema in here : Burada bir sinema yok
There are a lot of cinemas in here : Burada bir ok sinema var
There are oul ve saylabilen isimlerde kullanlr. Saylamayanlarda kullanlmaz. There are
kalb saylabilen oullarda kullanld iin, saylan isim mutlaka oul yaplmaldr.
There are a lot of men in the room : Odada bir ok adam var
There are many dogs in the garden : Bahede ok kpek var
There are seven days in a week : Bir haftada yedi gn var
There are two bottles of milk in the house : Evde iki ie st var
There are two bottles of milk at the home : Evde iki ie st var
There are a lot of cinemas in here : Burada bir ok sinema var
NOT-1 : Any olumsuz ve soru cmlelerinde kullanlr.
snt there any milk at home : Evde hi st yok mu?
s there no milk at home : Evde hi st yok mu?
s there any cinema : Hi sinema varm?
No there isnt any cinema : Hayr hi sinema yok.
NOT-2 : Cmle iinde hem tekil hemde oul isim var ise; hangisinin daha nce geldii
nemlidir.
There is a table and three chairs in the room (Bir tane masa cmlede nce kullanld iin
There is kullanlmtr)
There are three table and three chairs in the room.
Rain/Shine :
Whats the weather like : Hava nasl?
Hows the weather : Hava nasl
Its raining cats and dogs : Yamur ok iddetli yayor (Cats and dogs kullanlan bir kalptr)
Practice
Sunny
Cloudy
Partly cloudy
Rainy
Snowy
Foggy
Windy
Stormy
Hot
Cold
Warm
Chilly
cy

Sani
Klaodi
Pardli klaodi
Reyni
Snovi
Gogi
Vndi
Stormi
Hat
Kold
Woarm
li
Aysi

Gneli
Bulutlu
Paral bulutlu
Yamurlu
Kar yal
Sisli
Rzgarl
Frtnal
Scak
Souk
Ilk
Serin
Buzlu
27

Vocabulary :
Practice
Stadium
Bank
Cathedral
Shopping centre
Bookshop
Underground
Art gallery
Museum
Post Office
Library
Car park
Link
Above
Entrance
Convenient
At all
Give somebody a lift home
Give someone a ride
home
Whats wrong with you
Forecast
Wheather forecaster
Heatwave
Exactly
Documentary
Fridge
Cupboard
Balcony
Air conditioner
Shower
Bath
Ceiling
Have a shower
Have a bath
Wherever
Decker
Leather
Even
The day off
The week off
Arrange
Rearrange

Steydiyum
Benk
Katiydrl
oping sentr
Buukop
Andrgraun
Art gelri
Mziyem
Post ofis
Ilaybrey
Kar park
Link
Ebov
Entrns
Knviyinynt
Et ol

Forkest
Vedr forkestr
Hiitveyv
gzeakli
Dokmentri
Fri
Kabord
Ebalkni
Er kndeynr
ovr
Beth
Siling
Hev e ovr
Hev e beth
Veyirever
Dekr
Ledr
vn
Arreyn
Riarreyn

Stadyum
Banka
Byk kilise
Alveri merkezi
Kitap
Yeralt, metro
Sanat galerisi
Mze
Postane
Ktphane
Otopark
Balamak, balant kurmak
stnde, zerinde
Giri, Hayran brakmak
Kullanl, msait
Hi
Eve brakmak
Eve brakmak (Araba ile vs)
Sorunun ne
Tahmin etmek
Hava tahmincisi
Scaklk dalgas
Kesinlikle
Belgesel
Buzdolab
Dolap
Balkon
Klima
Du
Kvet, ykanmak
Tavan
Du almak
Banyo yapmak
Her nereye, her neresi
ok katl
Deri
Hatta, bile
Bo gn, izin
Bir haftalk izin
Dzenlemek
Yeniden dzenlemek

28

A1 FIFTH WEEK (10.01.2015-11.01.2015)

Countable/Uncountable (Saylabilen/Saylamayan) :
Apple, pen, eye gibi isimler saylabilir. Bunlarn nnde a/an kullanlabilir.
Furniture, Money, bread gibi isimler saylamazlar. Bunlarn nnde a/an kullanlmaz.
Some (Biraz, Birka) :
Saylamayan isimler ile kullanlabilir.
Saylabilen isimler ile kullanlr. Fakat saylabilen isimlerle kullanlaca zaman isim oul
yaplmaldr.
Genel olarak olumlu cmlelerde kullanlr.
Olumsuz cmlelerde kullanlmaz.
Soru cmlelerinde kullanlacaksa kar tarafn cevabnn evet olma ihtimali olmaldr.
Examples :
There are some children in the garden : Bahede birka ocuk var.
There is some milk in the fridge : Buz dolabnda biraz st var
Would you like some sugar : Biraz eker istermisiniz ? (Cevabn evet olma ihtimali var)
Any (Hi) :
Saylamayan isimler ile kullanlabilir.
Saylabilen isimler ile kullanlr. Fakat saylabilen isimlerle kullanlaca zaman isim oul
yaplmaldr.
Olumsuz ve soru cmlelerinde kullanlr.
Examples :
There isnt any sugar at home : Evde hi seker yok
There arent any eggs in the fridge : Buz dolabnda hi yumurta yok.
Is there any sugar at home : Evde hi eker varm?
Are there any children in the garden : Bahede hi ocuk varm?
Arent there any tables in the room : Odada hi masa varm?
No (Hi) :
Saylamayan isimler ile kullanlabilir.
Saylabilen isimler ile kullanlr. Fakat saylabilen isimlerle kullanlaca zaman isim oul
yaplmaldr.
Olumlu cmlelerde kullanlr ve anlam olumsuz yapar.
Examples :
There are no onions in the salad : Salatada hi soan yok
The salad hasnt any onions: Salatada hi soan yok
The salad has no onions : Salatada hi soan yok

29

A lot of / Lots of / A plenty of (ok) :

Saylabilen ve saylamayan isimlerin tm ile kullanlabilir.
Saylabilen isimlerle kullanlaca zaman isim oul yaplmaldr.
Examples :
There are a lot of students in the class : Snfta ok renci var
She wants a lot of Money, but her husband has no Money (Hasnt any Money) : O ok para istiyor
fakat kocasnda hi para yok.
There are a lot of pencils in my bag : antamda ok kalem var.
There is lots of water in the bucket : Kovada ok su var.
There are a lot of children in the garden : Bahede ok ocuk var.
Many (ok) : Saylabilen isimler ile kullanlr. simler oul yaplmaldr.
Examples :
I havent written many letters today : Bugn ok mektup yazdm
How many sons have you got : Ka tane olun var?
I have got many sons : ok olum var.
Do you have any sons : Hi olun var m
Yes, I have some sons : Evet birka olum var.
A Few ( Az): Saylabilen isimler ile kullanlr. simler oul yaplmaldr. Many kelimesinin zttdr.
Examples :
How many apples are there in the fridge : Buz dolabnda ne kadar elma var ?
There arent many apples but there are a few apples: Buz dolabnda ok elma yok ama az elma
var.
There are a few children in the garden : Bahe de az ocuk var.
NOT :
A few : Az ama yeterli anlamnda kullanlr.
Few : Az ve de yetersiz anlamnda kullanlr.
Much (ok) : Saylamayan isimler ile kullanlr.
There is much water in the bottle : iede ok su var
A little ( Az): Saylamayan isimler ile kullanlr. Much kelimesinin zttdr.
Examples :
I have a little Money : Az param var
There is a little coffee : Az kahve var
There is a little rice in the kitchen : Mutfakta az pirin var.
30

NOT :
A little : Az ama yeterli anlamnda kullanlr.
Little: Az ve de yetersiz anlamnda kullanlr.
How many (Ka tane) / How much (Ne kadar) : How many saylabilen isimlerde, how much
saylamayanlarda kullanlr. Soru cmlelerinde kullanlr.
NOT: Soru How many veya how much ile sorulursa cevap many ve much ile verilmelidir.
Examples :
How many cigarettes do you smoke in a day : Bir gnde ka tane isgara iersiniz?
How much sugar do you put in your tea : ayna ne kadar eker koyarsn?
Vegetables an d Fruit (Sebzeler ve Meyveler):
Practice
Blueberry
Watermelon
Melon
Apple
Apricot
Banana
Blackberry
Cherry
Grape
Lemon
Orange
Peach
Plum
Strawberry
Pear
Citrus fruit
Aubergine
Avocado
Bean
Beetroot
Broccoli
Cabbage
Carrot
Cauliflower
Cucumber
Garlic
Lettuce

Bluberi
Votrmeln
Meln
Epl
Eypricot
Banena
Blakbri
eri
Kreyp
Lemn
Orun
Pii
Plam
Strauberi
Per
Sitrus frout
Obrciin
Evcado
Biin
Biitruut
Brokuli
Keb
Kert
kalflavr
Kikambr
Garlic
Lets

Yaban mersini
Karpuz
Kavun
Elma
Kays
Muz
Brtlen
Kiraz
zm
Limon
Portokal
eftali
Erik
ilek
Armut
Turungiller
Patlcan
Avakado
Fasulye
Pancar
Karalahana
Lahana
Havu
Karnabahar
Salatalk
Sarmsak
Marul

Examples :
Do you think you eat healthy food : Salkl yiyecekler yediini dnyormusun?
I think, I eat healthy food : Salkl yyecekler yediimi dnyorum
I dont think, I eat healthy food : Salkl yiyecekler yediimi dnmyorum.

31

What foods are healthy according to you : Sana gre hangi yiyecekler salkldr.
According to me, spinach and aurbergine are healthy foods: Bana gre spanak ve patlcan sallk
yiyeceklerdir.
What are unhealthy foods according to you : Size gre salksz yiyecekler nelerdir.
The chips are more unhealthy than hambugers : Cipsler hamburgerlerden daha salkszdr.
Chips include more oil : Cipsler ok ya ierir.
Do you eat furk food
I never eat: Asla yemem
I eat three time a week : Haftada kez yerim
I hate eating them, because the furk foods are dengerous for my healthy : Onlardan nefret ederim,
nk furk food benim salm iin zararldr.
Helping Each Other (Yardmlama) :
Have you ever helped to the people who were in need : Yardma ihtiyac olan insanlara hi yardm
ettninizmi?
I feel their pain : Onlarn aclarn hissettim.
What reasons push you to help them : Sizi onlara yardm etmeye hangi sebepler itti?
What are they wearing : Onlar ne giyiyorlar.
Object Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri) :

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

Beni, bana
Seni, sana
Onu, ona
Onu, ona
Onu, ona
Bizi, bize
Sizi, size
Onlar, onlara

NOT-1 :Nesne zamirleri cmlenin banda kullanlmaz. Sadece I baa gelmesi gerekiyorsa Me
olarak gelir. Bu bir istisnadr.
Examples :
My parents and I go fishing every saturday : Ailem ve ben her cumartesi balk tutmaya gideriz.
Me and my parents go fishing every saturday : Ben ve ailem her cumartesi balk tutmaya gideriz.
NOT-2: Cmlede iki tane nesne varsa ve kimi sorunusnun cevab olan nesne (kimi, kime),
cmlenin sonuna konulacaksa dier nesne (neyi, neye sorusunun cevab olan nesne) ile arasna
to konulur. Eer neyi-neye sorusuna cevap veren nesne sona konulacaksa araya to almaz.
32

Examples :
My mother wrote a letter (1. Nesne) to my brother (2. Nesne) : Annem kardeime bir mektup yazd.
My mother wrote it to him.
My mother wrote him it .
Give me the pencil : Kalemi bana ver.
Give me it : Onu bana ver.
NOT-3: Fiilin durumuna gre nesneler i veya e ahlini alr.
Aye has a daughter. She wants to give her a jewellery : Ayenin bir kz var. O ona bir mcevher
almak istiyor.
She wants to buy him it.
She wants to buy it to him.
Healty Body-Healty Mind (Salkl Vcut salkl Kafa) :
Practice
Backache
ll
Stomach ache
Toothache
Headache
Temperature
Fever
Sore throat
Dizzy
Rash
Hurt
Flu
Painkiller
Be allergic to

Bekeyk
l
Stomkeyk
Tudeyk
Hedeyk
Temprr
Fevr
Sor traud
Dizi
Reh
Hrt
Flu
Peynkillr
Bi allercik tu

Srt ars
Hasta
Mide ars
Di ars
Ba ars
Ate
Ate
Boaz ars
Ba dnen
Kzarklk, isilik
Acmak, armak
Grip
Ar kesici
Allerjisi olmak

Should (Gerekmek, -meli, -mal) : Cmleye kuvvetli tavsiye niteliinde anlam katar. Yardmc fiil
olduunda, should kullanld zaman geni zamanda fiile konulan s taks (he, she, it) kaldrlr.
Examples :
I should eat fruit: Meyve yemeliyim
You should get up at 09:45 : 09:45 te kalkmalsn.
You shouldnt smoke cigarette : Sigara imemelisin.
Children shouldnt watch TV after 10:00 pm : ocuklar saat ondan sonra televizyon
seyretmemeliler.
When I have a backache, should I take painkiller : Srtm ard zaman ar kesici almalmym?

33

Should I take painkiller when I have a backache : Srtm ard zaman ar kesici almalmym?
Should they study lesson before exam : Snavdan nce ders almallar m?
The boss should change work times : Patron alma saatlerini deitirmeli.
The boss should change starding work times : Patron ie balama saatlerini deitirmeli.
Aye should go to doctors as she has the flu: Aye grip olduunda doktora gitmeli.
Vocabulary :
Practice
Honeymoon
Chicken soup
Garden salad
Steak
Lasagne
Dessert
Desert
A bottle of
A glass of
A cup of
A can of
A slice of
A bowl of
Here take a slice
Let me see
Let us see (Les see)
Let you see
As far as I know
Protect
Nutritionist
Help keep your heart
healty
Be rich in something
Heart disease
Bucket
Snack
Harm
Harmful
Orphan
Orphanage
Experience
Puppet
Be excited about
Pain
Refer
Notice
Get in shape
Shape
Do aerobics
Jogging
Be bored of
something

Hanimuun
ikn siup
Gardn salat
Steyk
Lzanya
Dizrt
Dezrt

Es for es ay nov
Protekt
Ntrinist

Hardiseyz
Bakit
Sneak
Harm
Harmful
Orfn
Orfn
Eksbiriyns
Papit
Peyn
Rifr
Notis
Get in eyp
eyp
Coging

Balay
Tavuk orbas
Bahe salatas
Biftek
Lazanya
Tatl
l
Bir ie
Bir bardak
Bir fincan
Bir teneke
Bir dilim
Bir kse
Bir dilim al
Bakaym
Bakalm
Bakn
Bildiim kadaryla
Korumak
Diyetisyen, beslenme uzman
Kalbini salkl tutmaya yardm eder
Bir ey bakmndan zengin olmak
Kalp hastal
Kova
Ara n
Zarar, zarar vermek
Zararl
Yetim
Yetimhane
Deneyim, deneyimlemek
Kukla
in heyacanlanmak
Ac
Bahsetmek
Fakna varmak
Forma girmek
ekil, Biim, ekillendirmek
Aerobik yapmak (mzikle)
Hafif kou, yava koma
Bireyden sklma

34

Dancercise
dea

Aydiya

Dans eiliinde egzersiz yapmak

Fikir, dnce

A1 SXTH WEEK (17.01.2015-18.01.2015)

Simple Past Tense (Dili Gemi Zaman) : Grlen gemi zamandr.
Kullanm :
Gemite belirli bir zamanda yaplm eylemleri ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Yesterday, last night,
two weeks ago gibi zaman zarflar kullanlr.
Examples:
I graduated from the universtiy in 1996 : niversiteden 1996 ylnda mezun oldum.
He came from Berlin last night : O Berlinden geen gece geldi.
Gemite belirli bir sre devam etmi olaylar, eylemleri anlatmak iin kullanlr.
Examples :
Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth : Milyonlarca yl nce dinazorlar yeryznde
yaadlar.
They talked to each other during the lesson : Onlar ders boyunca birbirleri ile konutular.
Gemiteki alkanlklar ifade etmek iin kullanlr.
Examples :
He never drank tea : O asla ay imezdi.
Hikaye anlatrken olaylar ard arda sraladmz zaman kullanlr.
Examples :
He jumped out of bed, ran into the bathroom and slammed the door : O yataktan atlad,
banyoya kotu ve kapy arparak kapatt.
Durum Cmleleri : Hareket bildirmeyen cmlelerdir.
Bu tip cmlelerde belirli bir fiil olmaz. Bu cmleler genelde be fiili ile kurulur.
Haraket bildirmeyen durum cmlelerinde was ve were kullanlr. Tekil znelerde was, oul
znelerde were kullanlr.
Examplpes :
I was a teacher : Ben bir retmendim.
I was happy: Mutluydum.
We were happy : Mutluyduk.
Were you happy yesterday : Dn mutlumuydun?
Was he sorry yesterday : O dn zgnmyd?
They were at home yesterday : Onlar dn evdeydiler.
Were they at home yesterday : Onlar dn evdelermiydi?
We were soldiers years ago : Yllar nce askerdik.
We werent soldiers years ago : Yllar nce asker deildik.
NOT : Was tekil znelerde (I, He, she it), were ise oul znelerde (You, We, They) kullanlr.
There ile kullanlaca zaman nesnenin tekil veya oul olma durumuna baklr. Tekillerde was,
oullarda were kullanlr.
There was a cat : Bir kedi vard
35

There were three cats : kedi vard

Hareket Cmleleri : Hareket bildiren cmlelerdir.
Olumlu cmle yapsnda ; dzenli fiillerde fiile ed taks eklenir, dzensiz fiillerde fiilin 2. Hali
alnr.
Olumsuz cmle yapsnda not eki did yardmc fiiline eklenir (didnt) ve esas fiilin yaln hali
alnr.
Soru cmlelerinde did yardmc fiili znenin bana getirilir ve esas fiilin yaln hali alnr.
Examples :
I played tennis : Tenis oynadm
I didnt play tennis: Tenis oynamadm.
Did I play tennis : Tenis oynadmm?
She washed my car : O benim arabam ykad.
She didnt wash my car : O benim arabam ykamad.
Did she wash my car : O benim arabam ykadm?
It rained heavily : Ar derecede yamur yad.
It didnt rain heavily yesterday : Dn ar derecede yamur yamad.
They danced very well : Onlar ok iyi dans ettiler.
Aye drank cola: Aye kola iti.
Aye didnt drink cola : Aye kola imedi.
Did Aye drink cola : Aye cola itimi?
Conversation :
Was your life different ten years ago : 10 yl nce hayatnz farklmyd?
How was your life ten years ago : 10 yl nce hayatnz nasld ?
Are there any memories you want to forget : Hi unutmak istediiniz anlarnz var m?
She doesnt embarras to seem beautiful does she ?
Why does she have rash on the her face: Onun niin yznde kzarklk var?
I want to read it : Senden onu okuman istiyorum.
Have you ever had an embarrassed moment?
Vocabulary :
Practice
As well
So
Because

Es veal
So
Bikaz

But
And

Bat
End

-de,-da
Bu yzden (Sonu bildirir)
nk, nedeniyle (Neden
bildirir)
Fakat, ama
Ve
36

Work out
Get off

Vork aut
Get of

nhabit
Each other
Slam

nhabit
adr
Slam

Heavily
Reunion
Class reunion
Regret
Memory
Embarrass
How embarrassing
Unfortunately
Anyway
Scare
Luckily
Adolescence
Teenager
Treadmill
Suddenly
Go out

Hevli
Rynyn

Take course
Pass an exam
Pass a test
Fail an exam
Fail a test
Get a degree
Maths
Geography
Physical education
Physics
Biology
Chemist
Pharmacy
Drug-store
Business
manegement
nformation
technology
Chemistry
History
Guess
Mutual
Common
Completely
Come across
Meet up
Whenever possible

Teyk kurs

Rgret
Memri
mberas
Hav imberasing
Anforunutli
Enivey
Skeyr
Lakili
Edolasns
Tiineycr
Tiredmil
Sadnli
Go aut

Mets
Ciyografi
Fizikl ecukeyn
Fziks
Bayoloci
Kemist
Farmsi
Drag stor
Buznis
menicmnt
nfrmeyn
teknoloci
Kemistri
Histuri
Ges
Mvl
Kamn
Kmpltli
Kamkras
Miit ap
Venever posbl

dman yapmak
nmek (Araba, uak, tren,
otobs)
kame etmek, yaamak
Birbirini, birbirine
arparak kapatmak,
arpmak
Ar ekilde, ar derecede
Yeniden toplanma
Mezunlar gn ( o snfn)
Pimanlk, piman olmak
An, hatra, hafza
Utan verici
Ne utan verici
Malasef, ne yazkki
Neyse, herneyse
Korkutmak
ans eseri
Ergen
Gen
Kou band
Aniden
Filrt etmek, dar kmak,
snmek (k, ate)
Kurs almak
Snav gemek
Test gemek
Snavda kalmak
Testte kalmak
Mezun olmak
Matematik
Corafya
Beden eitimi
Fizik
Biyoloji
Kimyaci, eczac
Eczane
Eczane (ABD)
letme
Biliim teknolojisi
Kimya, madde yaps
Tarih, gemi
Tahmin, tahmin etmek
Ortak, mterek
Ortak, halka ak yer
Tamamen
Karlamak, rastlamak
Bulumak, toplanmak
Mmkn olduka

37

rregular Verbs (Dzensiz Fiiller) :

Base Form

Past Simple

Past Participle Pronunciation

arise

arose

arisen

awake

awoke

awoken

Turkish Mean

Practice

Domak, ortaya
Irayz-rouz-rizn kmak, meydana
kmak
Aveyk-avokUyanmak
avokn

be (am,is,are) was, were

been

Bi-vas-vr-biin

Olmak

bear

bore

borne

Beyr-bor-born

Katlanmak, ykn
tamak

beat

beat

beaten

Biit-biit-biitn

Vurmak, dvmek

become

became

become

begin

began

begun

bend

bent

bent

Bend-bent-bent

Bkmek, emek

bet

bet

bet

Bet

Bahse girmek

bid

bade

bidden

Bid-beed-bidin

Bind

bound

bound

Baynd-baundbaund

Fiyat teklif etmek,

emretmek
Ciltlemek,
balamak

bleed

bled

bled

Bilid-biled-biled

kanamak

bite

bit

bitten

Bayt-bit/bitin

Isrmak

blow

blew

blown

Blou-biliu-bloun Esmek

break

broke

broken

Brek-broukbrokn

breed

bred

bred

Briid-bred-bred yavrulamak

bring

brought

brought

Bring-brogtbrogt

getirmek

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

Broudkast

yaymlamak

build

built

built

Biuld-Biult-Biult

ina etmek

burn

burned/burnt

burned/burnt

Brn-brnd-brnd Yakmak

burst

burst

burst

Brst-brst-brst patlamak

buy

bought

bought

Bay-bout-bout

satn almak

catch

caught

caught

Ke-kout-kout

yakalamak

choose

chose

chosen

iuuz-uuzuuzn

Semek

come

came

come

Kam-keym-kam

Gelmek

Bikam/-bikeymbikam
Bigen-begenbigan

Olmak
balamak

Krmak

38

deer bimek

cost

cost

cost

kost

creep

crept

crept

Krip-krept-krept emeklemek

cut

cut

cut

kat

Kesmek

deal

dealt

dealt

Diyl-delt-delt

lgilenmek, uramak

dig

dug

dug

Dig-dag-dag

kazmak

do

did

done

Du-did-don

yapmak

dive

dived, dove

dived

Dayv-dov-dayvd Suya dalmak

drag

dragged

draw
dream
drive
drink
drown

Dreg-dregtdregt
Drou-dirvdrew
drawn
droun
Drim-drimddreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drimd
Drayv-drovdrove
driven
driven
Drink-drenkdrank
drunk
drank
Dravn-dravnddrowned
drowned
dravnd
dragged

srklemek
ekmek
rya grmek
srmek
imek
boulmak

eat

ate

eaten

it-eyt-itn

yemek yemek

fall

fell

fallen

Foul-fel-foln

dmek

feed

fed

fed

Fiid-fed-fed

beslemek

feel

felt

felt

Fiyl-felt-felt

hissetmek

fight

fought

fought

Fayt-fout-fout

dvmek

find

found

found

Faynd-faundfaund

bulmak

fit

fit

fit

fit

uymak

fly

flew

flown

Flay-filiu-flovn

umak

forbid

forbade

forbidden

forget

forgot

forgotten

forgive

forgave

forgiven

freeze

froze

frozen

get

got

gotten

Get-gat-gatn

elde etmek,
kazanmak

give

gave

given

Giv-geyv-given

vermek

go

went

gone

Go-vent-gon

gitmek

Forbid-furbeydforbiden
Frget-forgatforgatn
Forgiv-forgeyvforgiven
Friiz-frouzfrouzn

yasaklamak
unutmak
affetmek
donmak

39

grow

grew

grown

Grou-griu-grovn Yetimek, bymek

hang

hung

hung

Heng-hang-hang asmak

have

had

had

Hev-hed-hed

hear

heard

heard

Hiyr-hiyrd-hiyrd duymak

hide

hid

hidden

Hayd-hid-hidn

saklamak

hit

hit

hit

hit

arpmak, vurmak

hold

held

held

Hold-held-held

tutmak

hurt

hurt

hurt

hrt

yaralanmak, incitmek

keep

kept

kept

Kiip-kept-kept

saklamak, tutmak

kneel

knelt, kneeled

knelt, kneeled

Nil-nelt-nelt

diz kmek

know

knew

known

Nov-niuv-novn

bilmek

learn

learned/learnt

learned/learnt

Lrn-lrnt-lrnt

renmek

leap

leapt, leaped

leapt, leaped

Lip-lept-lept

sramak

leave

left

left

Liv-left-left

ayrlmak

lend

lent

lent

Lend-lent-lent

dn vermek

let

let

let

Let

zin vermek

lie

lay

lain

Lay-ley-layn

yalan sylemek

light

lighted, lit

lighted, lit

Layt-lit-lit

aydnlatmak

lose

lost

lost

Lius-lost-lost

kaybetmek

make

made

made

Meyk-meyd-meyd yapmak

mean

meant

meant

Miin-ment-ment

anlamna gelmek

meet

met

met

Miit-met-met

bulumak,
karlamak

pay

paid

paid

Pey-peyd-peyd

demek

prove

proved

proved, proven

Pruv-pruvdprovn

spat etmek,
kantlamak

put

put

put

put

koymak

quit

quit

quit

kuit

vazgemek, kmak

read

read

read

rid

okumak

ride

rode

ridden

Rayd-rud-ridn

binmek

ring

rang

rung

Ring-reng-rang

almak (zil)

rise

rose

risen

Rayz-rouz-rizen

Domak, ykselmek

sahip olmak

40

run

ran

run

ran

komak

say

said

said

Sey-sed-sed

sylemek

see

saw

seen

Si-sov-siin

grmek

seek

sought

sought

Sik-sougt-sougt

Aramak, aratrmak

sell

sold

sold

Seal-sold-sold

Satmak

send

sent

sent

Send-sent-sent

gndermek

set

set

set

set

belirlemek

shake

shook

shaken

eyk-ok-eykn Sarsmak, sallamak

shed

shed

shed

ed

Dkmek (gzya vb)

shine

shone

shone

ayn-on

Parlamak

shoot

shot

shot

ut-at

ate etmek

show

showed

showed/shown ov-ovd-ovn

shrink

shrank

shrunk,
shrunken

rink-renkrank

bzlmek (elbise vs.)

shut

shut

shut

at

kapatmak

sing

sang

sung

Sing-seng-sang

sylemek
(ark,mar)

sink

sank

sunk

Sink-senk-sank

Suya batmak

sit

sat

sat

Sit-set-set

Oturmak

slay

slew

slain

Sley-sliu-sleyn ldrmek, katletmek

sleep

slept

slept

Slip-slept-slept uyumak

slide

slid

slid

Slayd-slid-slid

speak

spoke

spoken

spend

spent

spent

spin

spun

spun

spread

spread

spread

spred

yaylmak

stand

stood

stood

Stend-stod

ayakta durmak

steal

stole

stolen

Sitiyl-stol-stoln Armak, almak

stick

stuck

stuck

Sitik-stak-stak

yaptrmak

sting

stung

stung

sokmak (ar)

stink

stank

stunk

Siting-stangstang
Sitink-sitenksitank

Spik-spokspokn
Spend-spentspent
Spen-spanspan

gstermek

kaymak
konumak
Harcamak, geirmek
(geceyi vb)
dnmek

Kt kokmak
41

Strayk-straksitrikn
Strayv-strovstrayvn
Svear-svorsvorn
Svip-sveptsvept
Svim-svemsvam

arpmak/grev
yapmak
Uramak,
abalamak

taken

Teyk-tuk-teykn

almak

taught

taught

Ti-toat-toat

retmek

tear

tore

torn

Tiy-to-to

yrtmak

tell

told

told

Tel-told-told

anlatmak

think

thought

thought

Tink-toat-toat

dnmek

throw

threw

thrown

Trou-tiriu-troun frlatmak

understand

understood

understood

Andrstendandrstod

anlamak

wake

woke

woken

Veyk-vok-vokn

uyanmak

wear

wore

worn

Veyr-vor-vorn

giymek

wed

wed

wed

ved

evlenmek

win

won

won

Vin-voan-voan

kazanmak

wind

wound

wound

Vind-voundvound

sarmak

write

wrote

written

Rayt-rot-ritn

yazmak

strike

struck

struck, stricken

strive

strove

striven

swear

swore

sworn

sweep

swept

swept

swim

swam

swum

take

took

teach

yemin etmek
sprmek
yzmek

A1 SEVENTH WEEK (14.02.2015-15.02.2015-19.02.2015)

Can-Could-Be able to (-e bilmek) : Yeteneklerden bahsederken can yardmc fiili kullanlr. Past
hali coulddur.
Could ile Be able to anlam olarak ayndr. Fakat kullanl durumlar farkldr.
zel durumlardan bahsederken be able to kullanlr.
Gemi te yaplabilen fakat imdi yaplamayan bir durumdan bahsedilecekse be able to
kullanlr.
Olumlu ve soru cmlelerinde anlam farkll olabilir. Bu yzden hangisini kullanlaca doru
belirlenmelidir. Fakat olumsuz cmlelerde her ikiside kullanlabilir. Anlam farkll yoktur.
Be able to dier tenselere grede ekimlenebilir. be yardmc fiilinin zamanlara gre
ekimlenmesi gerekir (was, were, been)
ki yardmc fiilin yan yana gelmesi durumlarnda can kullanlamaz. Ancak be able to
kullanlmaldr (Gelecek zaman ifadelerinde)

42

Examples :
I can speak English: nglizce konuabilirim
I can swim : Yzebilirim.
I could speak English : ngilizce konuabilirdim.
She could swim when she was a baby : O bir bebekken yzebiliyordu.
I am able to speak English : ngilizce konuabilirm.
I will can speak English : Yanl bir cmle kalbdr.
I will able to speak Engilish : ngilizce konuabileceim.
I can speak two languages : ki dil konuabilirim.
I am able to speak two languages: ki dil konuabilirim.
They will be able to buy a new car two months later : Onlar iki ay sonra yeni bir araba satn
alabilecekler.
I could speak two languages last year : Geen yl iki dil konuabiliyordum. (Hala konuabiliyorum)
I was able to speak two languages last year : Geen yl iki dil konuabiliyordum.(Artk
konuamyorum anlam vardr)
The exam was diffucult, only a few students were able to pass it : Snav zordu, sadece birka
renci geebildi.
Mozart was able to compose little pieces of music even when he was five : Mozart be
yandayken bile kk mzik paralar beteleyebilirdi.
We were able to reach to top of hill before it got dark : Biz hava kararmadan nce tepenin zirvesine
ulaabildik.
She was able to swim : Yzebildim.
She was able to swim : Yzebildim (yzemiyordum ama yzebildim)
Adjectives Adverbs (sfatlar-Zarflar): Sfatlar isimleri, zarflar ise fiilleri nitelerler. Dolaysyla
sfatlar genellikle isimlerden nce kullanlrlar. Zarflar ise daha ok cmle sonlarnda (fiillerden
sonra) kullanlrlar.
Examples :
He came to home late : O eve ge geldi (Adverb)
He drove the car fast : O arabay hzl (hzl bir ekilde) srd (Adverb)
You are a fast driver : Sen hzl bir ofrsn (Adjectives)
You are a good friend : Sen iyi bir arkadasn.
You are sing a song well : Sen iyi ark sylersin.
NOT : Hard sonuna ly eki alarak zarf yaplmaz. Zarf halide yine hard olarak kullanlr. Hardly
olarak kullanlan kelime zarf veya sfat deildir. Cmle iinde farkl bir anlam yaratr. Ayn ekilde
fast ve late kelimelerinin de sfat ve zarf halleri ayndr.

43

He could hardly walk : O neredeyse yryemiyordu.

Adjectives
Beautiful
Bad
Quiet
Quite
Recent
Sudden
Silly
Friendly
Early
Dangerous
Careful
Terrible
Nice
Horrible
Happy
Good
Hard
Late
Fast

Adverbs
Beautifully
Badly (in a bad way)
Quietly
Quite (in a quite way)
Recently
Suddenly
n a silly way
n a friendly way
n a early way
Dangerously
Carefully
Terribly
Nicely
Horribly
Happily
Well
Hard
Late
Fast

Practice
Gzel
Kt
Sessiz, sakin
Tam
Son, yeni
Ani
Aptal
Arkada canls
Erken
Tehlikeli
tinal, dikkatle
Korkun
Gzel, ho
Berbat
Mutlu
yi
Zor
Gecikmi
Hzl

Gzelce
Kt bir ekilde
Sessizce
Olduka
Son zamanlarda
Aniden
Aptalca
Arkadaa
Erkenden
Tehlikeli bir ekilde
tinal bir ekilde
Korkun bir ekilde
Gzelce, hoa
Barbat bir ekilde
Mutlu bir ekilde
yi bir ekilde
Zor
Ge
Hzl

Simple Future Tense (Gelecek Zaman): Planlanm gelecek zaman ve planlanmam gelecek
zaman olarak ikiye ayrlr. Planlanm Gelecek zaman ifadelerinde be going to yardmc fiili,
planlanmam gelecek zaman ifadelerinde ise will yardmc fiili kullanlr. Genel olarak gelecek
zamanda olacak eylemleri ve beklentileri ifade etmek iin kullnlr.
Will : nceden planlanmam durumlarda yani konuma esnasna yakn bir zamanda veya
konuma esnasnda karar verilen durumlarda will yardmc fiili kullanlr. Cmle yapsnda fiilin
yaln hali kullnlr.
Examples :
What will you eat in the evening : Bu akam ne yiyeceksiniz?
I will eat pasta : Makarna yiyeceiz.
I will buy a T-shirt and pants : Bir pantalo ve bir tirt satn alacam.
I wont (will not) buy a T-shirt and pants : Bir pantolon ve bir tirt almayacam.
He will go to school after one hour (one hour later) : O bir saat sonra okula gidecek.
I hope he will come in time : Umarm o zamannda gelecek.
She will probably meet us : O muhtemelen bizimle buluacak.
Be going to : nceden planlanm durumlarda kullanlr. Be going to yardmc fiili zne durumuna
gre ve tenselere gre ekimlenir (am, is, are, was, were)
Examples :
The train is going to leave at 10:00 : Tren saat onda ayrlacak.
You are going to go to Paris next year : Sen gelecek sene parise gideceksin.
44

He is going to cinema with his girlfriend tomorrow evening: O yarn akam kz arkada ile birlikte
sinemaya gidecek.
They are going to wash the car in one hour : Onlar bir saat iinde arabay ykayacaklar.
They arent going to wash the car in one hour : Onlar bir saat iinde arabay ykamayacaklar.
Arent they going to wash the car in one hour : Onlar bir saat iinde arabay ykamayacaklarm?
NOT : Gelecek zaman ifadelerinde aadaki zaman zarflar sklkla kullanlr.
Next day, Next week, Next year, next month, tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow
evening, tomorrow night.
Vocabulary :
Practice
Go hiking
Go sightseeing
Go scuba diving
Go skiing
Go camping
Go mountain biking
Go horse riding
Go windsurfing

Go hayking
Go saytsing
Go skuba dayving
Go sking
Go kemping
Go meuntn
bayking
Go hors rayding
Go vind srfing

Go fishing
Suppose
Matter

Go fihing
Spouz
Medr

Ski lift
Terrified
magine
Sunbathe
nvent
Join
Direct
Skull
Kingdom
Dyslexic
Mystery
Brake the World
record
Mentioned
Mention
Compose
Sing a song
Burglar
Burglary
Statue
Shout
Hit
Huge
Bump
Grab

Ski lift
Terrifayd
mecin
Sanbeyt
nvent
Coin
Drekt
Skaul
Kingdm
Disleksik
Mistri
Mennd
Menn
Kmpooz
Sing a song
Brglr
Brglri
Siteyu
aut
Hit
Hiyu
Bamp
Grep

Yrye gitmek
Gezmeye gitmek
Tple dala gitmek
Kayak yapmaya gitmek
Kamp yapmaya gitmek
Bisikletle da gezintisi
yapmaya gitmek
At binmeye gitmek
Rzgar srf yapmaya
gitmek
Balk avna gitmek
Farz etmek, sanmak
nemli olmak, mesele,
konu
Kayak teleferii
Korkmu, dehete dm
Hayal etmek
Gnelenmek
cat etmek
Katlmak (bir yere)
Ynetmek
Kafatas
Krallk
Okuma gl eken
Esrar, sr, gizem
Dnya rekoru krmak
Bahsedilmi
Deinmek, bahsetmek
Bestelemek, oluturmak
ark sylemek
Hrsz
Hrszlk
Heykel
Barmak
arpmak, vurmak
Kocaman, iri
arpmak, yumru
Zorla almak, gasp etmek
45

Trap
Wonder
Morning mate
Wave
Calm down
nstructor
Bulb
Form
Teller
nfant
Junior
Primary education
Secondary
education
Compulsory
Noncompulsory
Higher education
Reputation
Fame
Hide and seek
Seek
Ring
Life-guard
Guess
Fell asleep
Braille
Deaf
Give thanks to
Claustrophobia
Attend
Event
Celebrate
Ceremony
Behave
Cardinal numbers
Ordinal numbers
Prize
Piracy
Obey
At least
Accident
Dark
Speech
Probably
Favour
Highlight
Lend
Borrow
Appointment
Almost

Trep
Vandr
Morning meyt
Veyv
Kalm daun
nstraktr
Balb
Form
Teller
nfnt
Cnyr
Praymeri eckeyn
Seknderi eckeyn

Tuzak
Merak etmek
Gnaydn arkadam
El sallamak, dalgalanmak
Sakinlemek
Eitmen
Ampul
ekillendirmek, ekil, biim
Veznedar
Bebek (yeni doan)
Ufaklk, ast
lkretim
Orta retim

Kmpolsori
Nankmpolsori
Hayr eckeyn
Repteyn
Feym
Hayd end siik
Siik
Ring
Layfgard
Ges
Fell esliip
Breyl
Def
Giv tenks tu
Klostrofobia
Etend
vent
Selbreyt
Seremoni
Biheyv
Kardinl nambrs
Ordinl nambrs
Prayz
Payrsi
Abey
Et liist
Eksdnt
Dark
Sipii
Probbli
Feyvr
Haylayt
Lend
Barrov
Epointmnt
Olmost

Anything else
Limo-limousine
Abbreviation

Enitinkels
Lmzin
Abrvieyn

Zorunlu
Zorunlu olmayan
Yksek retim
hret, n
hret, n
Saklamba
Aramak
almak, halka, yzk
Cankurtaran
Tahmin etmek, tahmin
Uyuya kalma
Kr alfabesi
Sar
kretmek
Kapal yer korkusu
Katlmak, itirak etmek
Olay
Kutlamak (bir ey)
Merasim, tren
Davranmak
Asl saylar
Sra saylar
dl
Korsan kasetilik
taat etmek
En az, En azndan
Kaza
Karanlk, koyu
Konuma
Muhtemelen
yilik, iyilik etmek
Altn izmek, vurgulamak
dn vermek
dn almak
Randevu, tayin, atama
Hemen hemen, yaklak
olarak
Daha baka
Limuzin
Ksaltma
46

Provide
Fan
Fun
Compare
Steady
Unusual
Steep
Roll
Round
Chase
Bottom
Winner
Rarely
Cross the finish line
Command
Spectator
Get injured
njure
Paramedic
Safer
Daredevil
End up
Visitor
Swimmer
Loser
Runner
Establish
Take place

Provayd
Fen
Fan
Kmpeyr
Sitedi
Anyujuvl
Stip
Rol
Raund
eyz
Baatm
Vinr
Rerly
Kros d fini layn
Kmend
Spekteydr
Get incurd
ncur
Peramedik
Seyfr
Deredevl
End ap
Vizidr
Svimr
Luzr
Ranr
Establi
Teyk pleys

Drive away

Drayv evey

Deal with
Give up
Never give up
Get over

Diyl vit
Giv ap
Nevr giv ap
Get ovr

Get away
Pick up

Get evey
Pik ap

Run out
Point .. at
Run into
Take out
Consist of
Take up

Ran aut
Pint at
Ran into
Teyk aut
Knsist of
Teyk ap

Miss out
Hang up
Look up
Make up
Dress in
Stick up

Mis aut
Heng ap
Luk ap
Meyk ap
Dires in
Sitik ap

Salamak, temin etmek

Pervane, hayran, taraftar
Elenme, elence
Kyaslamak, Karlatrmak
Kprdamamak, istikrarl
Allmadk, olaan d
Dik, sarp
Yuvarlamak
Yuvarlak
Kovalamak
Dip, alt
Galip, kazanan
Nadiren
Biti izgisini gemek
Emretmek, emir
Seyirci
Yaralanmak
Sakatlamak, incitmek
Doktor yardmcs
Daha emniyetli
Gzpek
Sonulanmak
Ziyareti
Yzc
Kaybeden, malup
Koucu
Kurmak, belirlemek
Meydana gelmek,
gereklemek
Kovmak, arabayla
uzaklamak
Ba etmek, baa kmak
Brakmak, vazgemek
Asla vazgeme
Atlatmak, iyilemek (bir
hastalk)
ekilmek, kamak
Telefonu amak, yerden
kaldrmak, Almak
Dar komak
Dorultmak, uzatmak
eri girmek
karmak
Olumak, ibaret olmak
Spor aktivitesine
balamak
Karmak
Elbise asmak, asmak
Arayp bulmak
Uydurmak
Giymek
Asl kalmak, dikili kalmak

47

A1 EGHTH WEEK (21.02.2015-22.02.2015-23.02.2015-26.02.2015)

Request Modals (stek Kipleri) :
1. May I? / Could I.? : Nazike istenirken bu modallar kullanlr. Genelde soru cmlelerinde
kullanlrlar.
May I barrow your book : Kitabn dn alabilirmiyim?
Sure, You may take it : Elbette, onu alabilirsin.
2. Can I ? : Daha samimi ortamlarda kullanlr. Yakn arkadalardan bir eyler isterken
kullanlabilir.
Can I barrow your book : Kitabn dn alabilirmiyim?
Yes, of course : Evet, elbette
3. Can You ..? : Daha samimi ortamlarda kullanlr. Yakn arkadalardan bir eyler isterken
kullanlabilir.
Can you lend me your book : Kitabn dn verebilirmisin?
4. Could you .? / Would you ? : Resmiyet gerektiren ortamlarda kullanlrlar.
Could you pass the salt : Tuzu uzatabilirmisiniz?
5. Will you .? : Resmi ortamlarda, fke ve sabrszlk durumlarnda kullanlr.
Will you be quiet please : Ltfen, Sessiz olabilirmisiniz?
6. Would you mind If I V2 ? : Sakncas var m. Herhangi bir eyi yapmamn sakncas varm
anlamndadr. Bu kalpta eylemi yapan taraf syleyendir. Eer eylemi, syleyen taraf yapyorsa
fiilin ikinci hali alnr. Fakat anlam gemi zaman olmaz. Yes ile bir cevap verilirse evet saknca
var yapmayn anlamndadr.
Would you mind If I opened the window: Pencereyi amama saknca var m ?
7. Would you mind Ving ? : Sakncas var m. Bu kalpta eylemi kardaki yapmaktadr.
Would you mind closing the window : Pencereyi amann sakncas var m?
Yes, of course / No, of course not.
Offer Modals (neri Kipleri) :
1. Lets ..: Hadi anlamnda kullanlr. Sonrasnda gelen cmle soru cmlesi deildir. Hadi unu
yapalm, uraya gidelim vs. gibi cmlelerin banda kullnlr.
Lets go out : Hadi dar kalm.
Lets not go out : Hadi dar kmayalm.
2. Shall we ..? : Yapalmm anlamnda kullanlr. Soru cmlesidir.
Shall we go out : Dar kalmm ?
3. Why dont ? : Niin yapmyorsun anlamnda kullanlr. Soru cmlesidir. Kendisinden sonra
zne gelmelidir.
Im ill today : Bugn hastaym.
Why dont you go to doctor : Niin doktora gitmiyorsun?
4. How about ? : hakknda ne dersin anlamnda kullanlr. Kendisinden sonra gelen fiil
mutlaka ing eki almaldr.
How about eating fish : Balk yemeye ne dersin ?
Examples :
Im really bored : Gerekten skldm.
How about going to cinema : Sinemaya gitmeye ne dersin ?
Why dont we go to cinema : Niin sinemeya gitmiyoruz?
Shall we go to cinema : Sinemaya gidelimmi?
Lets go to cinema : Hadi sinemaya gidelim.
48

Im hungary : Am
Why dont we go to a reataurant : Niin bir restoranta gitmiyoruz ?
Shall we eat hamburger : Hamburger yiyelimmi?
How about cooking menemen ? Menemene ne dersin ?
Lets go to the restaurant : Hadi restorana gidelim.
Have to / Has to (-meli, -mal) : Zorunluluk anlam verir.
You have to do your homework : Ev devini yapmak zorundasn.
I have to cook : Yemek piirmek zorundaym.
She has to not come home in time : O zamannda eve gelmek zorunda deil.
Some-No-Any-Every (Herhangi-Hi-Hi-Her) :
Some . : Herhangi anlam verir. Olumlu cmle yaplarnda kullanlr.
No : Hi anlam verir. Olumlu cmle yaplarnda kullnlr. Ama cmlenin anlamn olumsuz
yapar.
Any ..: Hi anlam verir. Soru ve olumsuz cmle yaplarnda kullanlr.
Every ..: Her anlam verir. Olumlu cmle yaplarnda kullanlr.
Examples :
No one understands me : Hi kimse beni anlamaz.
Anyone doesnt understand me : Hi kimse beni anlamaz.
He didnt win anything in the race : O yarta hibir ey kazanmad.
He won nothing in the race : O yarta hibir ey kazanmad.

Practice
Someone
Somebody
Something
Somewhere
No one
Nobody
Nothing
Nowhere
Anyone
Anybody
Anything
Anywhere
Everyone
Everybody
Everything
Everywhere

Samvan
Sambadi
Samting
Samveyr
Novan
Nobadi
Nating
Noveyr
Enivan
Enibadi
Eniting
Enivr
Evrivan
Evribadi
Evriting
Evriveyr

Birisi
Birisi
Birey
Bir yer
Hi kimse
Hi kimse
Hibir ey
Hibir yer
Hi kimse
Hi kimse
Hibir ey
Hibir yerde
Herkes
Herkes
Her ey
Her yer
49

Animals (Hayvanlar) :
Practice
Taylsin
Kov
Jireaf
ark
Manki
Rebit
iip
ikn
Beyr
Dak
Elifnt
Ostri
Taygr
Layn
Layns
Bee
Brd
Badrflay
Cat
Dog
Diyr
Dolfin
Fi
Flay
Hors
Fox
Frag
Hehog
Skuyrl
Spaydr
Sneyk
Trdl
Wolf
Veyl
Krep
ita

Thylacine
Cow
Giraffe
Shark
Monkey
Rabbit
Sheep
Chicken/hen
Bear
Duck
Elephant
Ostrich
Tiger
Lion
Lioness
Bee
Bird
Butterfly
Cat
Dog
Deer
Dolphin
Fish
Fly
Horse
Fox
Frog
Hedgehog
Squirrel
Spider
Snake
Turtle
Wolf
Whale
Crab
Cheetah

Tazmanya canavar
nek
Zrafa
Kpek bal
Maymun
Tavan
Koyun
Tavuk
Ay
rdek
Fil
Deve kuu
Kaplan
Aslan
Dii aslan
Ar
Ku
Kelebek
Kedi
Kpek
Geyik
Yunus bal
Balk
Sinek
At
Tilki
Kurbaa
Kirpi
Sincap
rmcek
Ylan
Kaplumbaa
Kurt
Balina
Yenge
ita

Clothes (Giysiler) :
Practice
Boots
Sandals
Trainer
Skirt
Trousers
Shirt
Shorts
Jumper
Belt
Hat

Boats
Sendls
Treynr
Skrt
Turavzrs
rt
orts
Campr
Belt
Het

izme, bot
Sandalet
Tenis ayakkabs
Etek
Pantolon
Gmlek
ort
Kazak
Kemer
apka
50

Tie
Tay
Kravat
Scarf
Skarf
Atk, earp
Gloves
Glavs
Eldiven
Blouse
Blauz
Bluz
Coat
Kout
Palto, mont
Jeans
Ciin
Kot pantolon
Pants
Pents
Pantolon
Shoes
uuz
Ayakkab
Sock
Sok
orap
Sweatshirt
Svetrt
Uzun kollu pamuklu kazak
T-shirt
Tirt
T-shirt
Tights
Tayts
Tayt
Top
Tap
st giysi
One/Ones (Olan-Olanlar) : Daha nceden sylenen bir nesneyi ikinci cmlede bir kere daha
tekrarlamamak iin kullanlan zamirlerdir. lk cmlede sylenen ey tekilse one, oulsa -ones
kullanlr.
Examples :
I bought pencils, but I forgot to buy green ones : Kalemler satn aldm, gri olanlardan satn almay
unuttum.
I like blue shirt but I dont like yellow one : Mavi gmlei severim fakat sar olan sevmem.
These skirts are beautiful, but I want to buy black ones : Bu gmlekler gzel fakat ben siyah
olanlar satn almak istiyorum.
The black jacket is nice, but I like blue one: Sihay ceket gzel fakat ben mavi olan beeniyorum.
Too/Enough (ok-Yeterince) :
Too sfatlardan ve zarflardan nce kullanlr. Gerekenden daha fazla anlam verir. Negatif
anlam vardr.
Enough ise sfatlardan ve zarflardan sonra kullanlr. Ama isimlerden nce gelir. Yeterince
anlam katar. Pozitif anlam vardr.
Examples :
This coffe is too hot, I cant drink it : Bu kahve ok scak, onu iemiyorum.
The weather is warm enough for a picnic : Hava piknik iin yeterince lk.
There is enough food in the fridge : Buzdolabnda yeterince yemek var.
Too/Also/Either (-de, -da) : Her de de, -da anlam katar. Also fiillerden hemen nce
kullanlmaldr. Too ve either ise cmle sonlarnda kullanld zaman de, -da anlam verir. Too
olumlu cmlelerde, either ise olumsuz cmlelerde kullanlr.
Examples :
I love you, too : Ben de seni seviyorum.
I also love you : Ben de seni seviyorum.
I dont also love you : Ben de seni sevmiyorum.
I dont love you, either : Bende seni sevmiyorum.
51

Personal Adjectives (Kiilik Sfatlar) :

D Grn Sfatlar (Apperance)
Practice
Chubby
Tall
Slim
Attractive
Beautiful
Cute

abi
tool
Slim
Etrakdiv
Biutiful
Kiyut

Good-looking

Gud luking

Ablak
Uzun
nce
ekici, etkileyici
Gzel
Tatl, sevimli
yi grnl, yakkl
veya gzel
Yakkl
Gzel, iyi
Ho, sevimli
Sradan, normal
Sade sradan grnl
irkin
tici
Gnlk rahat giyimli
k, gzel giyinmi
Zevksiz giyinmi
yi giyimli, k
Temiz
Pis, kirli
Dzgn
Pasakl, dank,

Handsome
Hendsm
Nice
Nays
Pretty
Predi
Plain
Pleyn
Plain-looking
Pleyn luking
Ugly
gli
Unattractive
Anetrakdive
Casually dressed
Kejivuli drest
Nicely dressed
Naysli drest
Poorly dressed
Purli drest
Well-dressed
Vel drest
Clean
Klin
Dirty
Drti
Neat
Niit
Untidy
Antaydi
Boy le lgili Sfatlar(Height)
Not very tall
Nat veri tool
ok uzun deil
Quite tall
Kuvayt tool
Olduka uzun
Short
ort
Ksa, bodur
Tall
Tool
Uzun
Very tall
Veri tool
ok uzun
Average height
Evr hayt
Orta boylu
Medium height
Midyam hayt
Orta boylu
Middle height
Midl hayt
Orta boylu
Kilo ve Yap le lgili Sfatlar (Weight and Build)
Fat
Fet
iman
Medium-build
Midyam biuld
Orta yapl, normal
Obese
Obiis
Obez
Overweight
Ovrveyt
Ar kilolu
Quite thin
Kuvayt tin
Olduka zayf
p gibi, ok zayf, clz,
Skinny
Skeni
sska
Slender
Slendr
Dal gibi
Slim
Slim
ncecik
Thin
Tin
nce, zayf
Well-build
Vel biuld
ri yapl, csseli
Athletic
Atletik
Atletik

52

Muscular
Masklr
Kasl
Strong
Strong
Gl
Sa Renkleri ve Tipleri in Kullanlan Sfatlar (Hair)
Black
Blek
Siyah
Blond
Blond
Sar
Brown
Bravn
Kahve
Chestnut Brown
esnat
Kestane kahvesi
Dark
Dark
Koyu
Fair
Feyr
Ak
Grey
Grey
Krl
Red
Red
Krmz
White
Vayt
Beyaz
Long
Long
Uzun
Medium-length
Midyam lengt
Orta uzunlukta
Short
ort
Ksa
Shoulder-length
oldr lengt
Omuzuna kadar uzun
Bald
Bald
Kel
Curly
Krli
Kvrck
Straight
Streyt
Dz
Thick
Dik
Kaln
Thinning
Tining
Seyrelmi
Wavy
Veyvi
Dalgal
Neatly combed
Nitli kombd
Gzel taranm
Shiny
ayni
Parlak
Smooth
Simuut
Yumuak
Dull
Dol
Mat
Tousled /
Tauzld/Dievld
Dank, kark
Dishevelled
Gzleri Nitelendiren Sfatlar (Eyes)
Blue
Blu
Mavi
Brown
Bravn
Kahverengi
Dark
Dark
Kara
Dark-green
Dark griin
Koyu yeil
Green
Griin
Yeil
Grey
Grey
Kl rengi, gri
Greyish-blue
Greyi blu
akr
Light-blue
Layt blu
Ak mavi
Big
Big
ri
Bright
Brayt
Parlak
Expressive
kspresiv
Etkileyici
With long lashes
Vit long les
Uzun kirpikli
Karakter ve Miza le lgili Sfatlar (Character)
Easy-going
Kaygsz, adamsendeci
Good-natured
yi huylu
Good-tempered
Yumuak- ar bal
Pleasant personality
Ho mizal
Bad-tempered / IllAksi, abuk sinirlenen,
natured
huysuz
53

Terrible character
Friendly
Hostile
Outgoing
Sociable
Unfriendly
Unsociable
Immature
Independent
Mature
Strong
Tough
Weak
Dependable /
Reliable /
Trustworthy
Dishonest
Honest
Unreliable
Impulsive
Reasonable /
Sensible
Unpredictable
Unreasonable
Ambitious
Energetic
Hard-working
Lazy
Accurate
Careful
Disciplined
Organized
Careless
Disorganized
Inattentive
Undisciplined
Alert
Attentive
Observant
Perceptive /
Insightful
Thoughtful
Considerate
Aggressive
Inconsiderate
Pushy
Self-centred /
Selfish / Egoistical

Kt huylu
Dostane
Dmanca
Giriken
Sosyal
Souk, dmanca
Kapank, asosyal
Toy, ocuksu
Bamsz
Olgun
Gl
etin
Zayf
Gvenilir, salam
kiyzl, sahtekr
Drst
Gvenilmez
Dncesiz
Akll, mantkl
Sa solu belli olmayan
Mantksz, fahi, absrt
Hrsl
Enerjik
alkan
Tembel
Dakik
Dikkatli
Disiplinli
Dzenli
Dikkatsiz
Dzensiz
zensiz
Disiplinsiz, babo
Gz ak, uyank,
akgz
zenli
Dikkatli veya itaatkr
abuk kavrayan, cin
Dnceli
Saygl, dnceli
Sinirli
Dncesiz, anlaysz
Pikin, srarc
Bencil

54

Modest/ Humble
Self-confident
Shy
Timid
Arrogant
Haughty
Impudent / Cheeky
Stubborn /
Obstinate
Melancholic
Moody
Self-conscious
Touchy / Sensitive
Dull / Boring
Humorous /
Amusing / Funny
Interesting
Generous /
Unselfish
Kind
Kind-hearted
Economical / Thrifty
Greedy
Stingy / Mean /
Miserly
Formal / Official
Informal
Relaxed / Casual
Crazy
Strange / Odd /
Weird / Eccentric
Zek le Alakal Sfatlar (Mind)
Agile
Bright
Broad-minded
Clever
Intelligent
Keen Quick
Sharp
Wise / learned
Foolish
Narrow-minded
Silly
Stupid

Alak gnll, mtevaz

Kendine gvenen, marur
Utanga
ekingen, rkek
Kibirli
Burnu byk
Arsz, saygsz
nat, dediim dedik
Bunalml, melankolik
Aksi, huysuz
Kompleksli, takntl
Kibar, nazik, t krldm
Skc
Komik, elenceli, neeli
lgin
Eli ak, cmert
Nazik, yardmsever,
sevecen
yi yrekli
Tutumlu
Agzl
Cimri
Resmi, mesafeli
Yakn, senlibenli,
resmiyetsiz
Rahat, ylesine, kaytsz
lgn
Acayip, deiik, tuhaf,
garip
Kvrak
Parlak zek
Ak fikirli grl
Zeki
Zeki
Kvrak zek
Keskin zek
Bilge
Aptal
Dar fikirli
Ahmak, bo kafa
Salak

55

Comparative And Superlatives Adjectives (Karlatrmal ve En stnlk Sfatlar) :

Comparative Adjectives : Daha. anlam verir. Olmazsa olmaz -than ekidir.
Kelime tek heceli ise sonuna er eki alr.
Kelime iki veya daha fazla heceli ise nne more getirilir.
Examples :
My car is faster than yours : Benim arabam seninkinden daha hzl.
The women usually are shorter than men : Kadnlar genellikle erkeklerden daha ksadrlar.
Her new dress is more beautiful than old one : Onun yeni elbisesi eski olandan daha gzel.
Cities are more attractive than village : ehirler kylerden daha ekicidir.
This film is more boring other one : Bu film dierinden daha skc.
My girl friend is prettier than yours : Kz arkadam seninkinden daha ho.
My maths result is better than yours : Matematik sonularm seninkilerden daha iyi.
My home is farther than yours : Evim seninkinden daha uzak.
Your brother is more quiet than you : Kardein senden daha sessiz.
Superlative Adjectives : En .anlam verir. Olmazsa olmaz the ekidir.
Kelime tek heceli ise sonuna est eki alr.
Kelime iki heceli ve daha fazla heceli ise nne the most getirilir.
Examples :
Cheetah is the fastest animal in the World : ita dnyadaki en hzl hayvandr.
Fish is the most quiet/silent animal : Balk en sessiz hayvandr.
Sultan is the tallest man in the World : Sultan Dnyada ki en uzun adamdr.
You are the most clever student in the class : Sen snfn en zeki rencisisin.
I love you, the most : En ok senin seviyorum.
Practice
Fast
Faster
Fastest
Short
Shorter
Shortest
Beautiful
More beautiful
The most beautiful
Attractive
More attractive

Hzl
Daha hzl
En hzl
Ksa
Daha ksa
En ksa
Gzel
Daha gzel
En gzel
Cazibeli
Daha cazibeli
56

The most attractive

Boring
More boring
The most boring
Tall (Canllar)
Taller
Tallest
Long (Canszlar)
Longer
Longest
Clever
Cleverer
The Cleverest
Good
Better
Best
Bad
Worse
Worst
Much/many
More
Most
Little
Less
Least
Far
Further/farther
Furthest/farthest
Old
Older
Oldest
Funny
Funnier
Funniest
Big
Bigger
Biggest
Easy
Easier
Easiest
Chubby
Chubbier
Chubbiest

En cazibeli
Skc
Daha skc
En skc
Uzun
Daha uzun
En uzun
Uzun
Daha uzun
En uzun
Zeki
Daha zeki
En zeki
yi
Daha iyi
En iyi
Kt
Daha kt
En kt
ok
Daha ok
En ok
Az
Daha az
En az
Uzak
Daha uzak
En uzak
Eski
Daha eski
En eski
Neeli
Daha neeli
En neeli
Byk
Daha byk
En byk
Kolay
Daha kolay
En kolay
Ablak
Daha ablak
En ablak

Vocabulary :
Practice
Damage
Pay attention
Request
Offer
Suspect
Bill

Demi
Pey etenn
Riquest
Ofr
Sapekt
Bil

Zarar vermek, hasar

Dikkat etmek
Talep etmek, istek, rica
Teklif vermek, teklif, neri
phelenmek, pheli
Senet, fatura
57

Gesture
Compound
Affirmative
Refuse
Excuse
Carry
Banner
Cruelty
March
Leaflet
Fried
Shame
I mean
Made from something
Suggestion
Happy new year
Congratulations
Have a nice trip
Get well soon
Happy birthday
Good luck
nvitation
Graduation
Latest
Colleague
Bully
Parade
Curricular
Endangered
Extinct
Extinct in the wild

Cesr
Kampaund
Effrmetiv
Refiyuz
Ekskiyuz
Keri
Benr
Kuruvelti
Mar
Liflet
Frayd
eym
Ay miin

Lonely
Destroyed
Destroy
Zookeeper
One of a kind
Give out
Take care

Scesn
Hepi nv yir
Kngracileyns
Hev e nays tirip
Get vel suun
Hepi brtday
Gud lak
nviteyn
Gracuveyn
Leytst
Kolig
Buli
Preyd
Kurrikelar
ndencrd
kstinkt
kstinkt in d
vayld
Loonli
Distroyd
Distroy
Zukipr
Van of a kaynd
Giv aut
Teyk kear

Go on
Help out
Look forward to

Go on
Hel aut
Luk forvrd tu

Take part in
Altogether
Receipt
Separate
Pet
Admit
Task
Match
n fact
Close

Teyk part in
Oltugedr
Rciit
Seprt
Pet
Edmit
Teask
Me
n fekt
Klous

Jest yapmak, jest

Birletirmek, bileim, bileik
Olumlu
Geri evirmek, reddetmek
Muaf tutmak, zr, bahane
Tamak
Afi, pankart
Zalimlik, zulm
Yry yapma (Topluca)
Bror
Kzartlm
Utandrmak, utan
Demek istiyorumki, yani
Bireyden yaplma
Telkin, neri
Mutlu yllar
Tebrikler
yi yolculuklar
Gemi olsun
Mutlu yllar
yi anslar
Davetiye
Muzuniyet, mezun olma
En son
Meslekta
Zorba, kabaday
Geit treni
Mfredatlarla ilgili
Nesli tkenmekte olan
Nesli tkenmi
Yabanda nesli tkenmi
Yalnz
mha edilmi, yklm
Tahrip etmek, imha etmek
Hayvan bakcs
Trnn tek rnei
Datmak
zen gstermek, dikkat
etmek
Devam etmek
Yardm etmek
ple ekmek, drt gzle
beklemek
-e katlmak
Hep beraber, bsbtn
Makbuz vermek, makbuz
Ayrmak, ayr
Evcil hayvan, evcil
tiraf etmek, kabul etmek
Grevlendirmek, grev
Eletirmek, e, ma
Dorusu
Kapatmak, yakn
58

By plane
By ship
By underground
By tram
By bus
By train
On foot

Bay pleyn
Bay ip
Bay
andrgraund
Bay trem
Bay bas
Bay treyn
On fut

Uakla
Gemiyle
Metroyla
Tramvayla
Otobsle
Trenle
Yaya olarak, yryerek

A1 NNETH WEEK (28.02.2015-29.02.2015)

Directions (Ynergeler) :
Examples :
How can I go there : Oraya nasl gidebilirim?
Walk out of this building : Bu binadan k.
Take/Walk the stairs down : Merdivenlerden in.
Turn right : Saa dn.
Go straight, walk along the trees : Dz gidin, aalar boyunca yryn.
Turn right, go straight and turn left : Saa dnn, dz gidin ve sola dnn.
You will see the stairs : Merdivenleri greceksiniz.
Walk the stairs up: Merdivenlerden yukar kn.
You are at there : Oradasnz.
Practice
Up
Down
Towards
Around
Through
From
To
nto
Out of
Past
Along

Ap
Davn
Tuvards
Eraund
Trou
From
Tu
ntu
Aut of
Pest
Elong

Yukar
Aa
-e doru
Etrafnda, evresinde
Bir eyin iinden
-Den, -dan
-e, -e doru
Dardan ieri, iinde
erden dar, dnda
Geip gitmek
Boyunca

Practice
Excuse me, how can I go to .?
Excuse me, where is the .?
Excuse me, where is the nearest
.?
Excuse me, can you tell me the
way to ..?
Go along

zrdilerim, .e nasl gidebilirim?

zrdilerim, nerede?
zrdilerim, en yakn . Nerede?
zrdilerim, bana .ya nasl
gideceimi sylermisiniz?
Dz gidin
59

Go straight
Go straight ahead
Go down the Street
Go up the Street
Take the stairs up
Turn right
Turn left
Take the first Street on the right
Take the second Street on the left
Turn right at the traffic lights
Turn left at the roundabout
Cross the road
Pass the library
s it far from here?
Ten minutes by car
Twenty minutes on foot
Its no distance at all
Just a few minutes on foot
Its very far away
Over there, near the police station
The school is on the right
The cafe is on the left
Between the post ofice and cafe
n front of the shopping centre
Next to the car park
Im a stranger here my self

Dz gidin
Dz gidin
Sokaktan aa doru gidin
Sokaktan yukar doru gidin
Merdivenlerden yukar gidin
Saa dnn
Sola dnn
Sadaki ilk sokaktan saa dnn
Soldaki ikinci sokaktan sola dnn
Trafik klarnda saa dnn
Dner kavaktan sola dnn
Caddeyi gein
Ktphaneyi gein
Buradan uzak m?
Arabayla on dakika
Yaya olarak yirmi dakika
Hi uzak deil
Yryerek sadece birka dakika
ok uzak
Orada karakolun yannda
Okul sada
Kafe solda
Postane ile kafenin arasnda
Alveri merkezinin nnde
Otoparkn yannda
Bende burann yabancsym

Present Perfect Tense (Yakn Gemi Zaman) :

Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Object
NOT-1: Fiil tm cmle yaplarnda ayn ekilde kalr. Yani soru ve olumsuz cmle yaplarnda da
fiilin 3. Hali alnr.
NOT-2: Bu tensete yesterday, last day vb. past tense ait zaman zarflar kullanlmaz. Kullanlrsa
cmlenin past tense olarak kurulmas gerekir.
NOT-3 : Gemite balayan ve etkisi hala devam eden olaylar ifade edilirken bu tense kullanlr.
This house has been empty for years : Bu ev iki yllardr bo (Hala bo)
It has rained : Yamur yad (Yeni yad. Yerler hala slak. Yani etkisi hala devam ediyor.)
My arm has broken : Kolum krld.
NOT-4 : Belirsiz bir zamanda yaplm olmas gerekir.
Weve seen this film before : Daha nce bu filmi grdm.
Ive been to zmir many times : Bir ok kez zmirde bulundum.
Ive worked in this company for ten years : On yldr bu irkette alyorum (Hala alyorum).

60

For ( in) : For kalb belirsiz zamanlar ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Two hours, a week, ten years,
along time gibi. Bu zaman ifadelerinin balangc belli deildir. Yani sadece zaman dilimi bilinir.
Ive read this book for two hours : ki saattir bu kitab okuyorum.
Since ( ..den beri): Since kalb belirli zamanlar ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Zamann balang
noktas bilinmektedir ve bu tarih cmle iinde verilir. Since 1939, Since January, Since his death,
Since 2:00 vb.
NOT : Eer since kalbndan sonra bir zaman deilde bir cmle gelecekse, kurulacak cmle past
tense olmaldr.
Ive worked in this company since it was founded : Kurulduundan beri bu irkette alyorum.
Just (Henz) : Just olumlu cmlelerde kullanlr ve henz anlam verir.
I have just done my homework : Ev devimi henz bitirdim.
He has just taken a shower : O henz du ald.
Already (oktan, Zaten) :
He has already seen her : O onu oktan grd.
Yet (Henz) : Yet Justtan farkl olarak cmlenin sonunda kullanlr. Ayrca olumsuz ve soru
cmlelerinde kullanlr.
He hasnt come to the lesson, yet : O henz derse gelmedi.
Have you met with his girlfriend, yet : Onun kz arkada ile tantnm?
Ever (Hi) : ounlukla soru cmlelerinde kullanlr.
Have you ever been to stanbul : Hi stanbulda bulundun mu?
Yes, Ive been to stanbul once (twice, three times) : Evet bir kez (iki kez, kez) bulundum.
No, I have never been to stanbul : Hayr stanbulda hi bulunmadm.
Differences Between of Present Perfect Tense And Simple Past Tense:
1. Simple past tense : Gemite balam olacak ve u an ile ilikisi olmayacaktr. Yani bitmi
olacaktr.
It rained two days ago : ki gn nce yamur yad.
He studied English two years : O iki yl ngilizce alt (u an almyor)
I had a headache yesterday, so I couldnt study my lesson : Dn ba arm vard, bu yzden
dersime alamadm. (Ba ars gemi, ve ba ard zamanlar ders alamam. Bu yzden
ders alamama cmlesi past tense ile kurulmutur)
2. Present perfect tense : Gemite balam olacak ve u an ile ilikisi devam edecek.
It has rained : Yamur yad (Yerler hala ya)

61

He has studied English for two years : O iki yldr ngilizce alyor (Hala alyor)
I have had a headache for along time, so I cant study my lesson : Uzun zamandr ba arm var,
bu yzden ders alamyorum. (Ba ars hala devam ediyor ve ders alamama durumu imdiki
zaman ile kurulmu)
3. Simple past tensete kesin bir zaman ifadesi olmaldr.
I want to go to stanbul last year : Geen yl stanbula gitmek istedim.
He studied lesson this morning : O bu sabah ders alt. (Soru o gnn akam sorulmu olabilir)
4. Present perfect tensete kesin bir zaman ifadesi kullanlmaz.
I have wanted to go to stanbul some times : Bazen stanbula gitmek istedim.
He has studied lesson this morning : O bu sabah ders alt. (Bu cmlede soru sabahleyin
sorulmutur)
Gone/Been :
Ahmet has gone to the dentist : Ahmet diiye gitti ( Gitti ama dnmedi)
Ahmet has been to the dentist twice : Ahmet iki kez diiye gitti (Gitti ve dnd)
Vocabulary :
Practice
Get around
Environmentally
Avoid
Afford

Get eraund
nviron mentali
Evoyd
Efford

Cant afford

Kent Efford

Attack
Worth
Coatroom
Purchase
Purchasing
Elevator
Lift

Eteak
Vort
Kotruum
Pris
Prising
Eleveydr
Lift

Escalator
The rest of sth
Line
Queue

Esgaleydr

Stranger
Kinds of film
Billionaire
Millionaire
Superhero
Foster
Foster family

Streincr

Layn
Kiu

Bilyner
Milyner
Suprhiro
Fostr
Fostr famli

Dolamak
evresel olarak
nlemek, kanmak
Satn almaya gc
yetmek
Satn almaya gc
yetmemek
Saldrmak, saldr
Deer, eder
Gardrop, vestiyer
Satn almak
Satn alma
Asansr
Kaldrmak,
havalanmak, asansr
Yryen merdiven
nn kalan
Hat, izgi, sra
Kuyrua girmek, sra,
kuyruk
Yabanc
Film trleri
Milyarder
Milyoner
Sper kahraman
Evlatlk
Bakc aile
62

Realize

Ryilayz

Devote to
Alter
Alter ago

Divot tu
Oltr
Oltr igo

Rely on
Trust
Peace
Peace maker

Rilay on

Death
Childish
Realistic
Unrealistic
nterested
nteresting
nterested in
Be worried about
Amber light
Roundabout
Similarities
Differences
Association
Zebra crossing
Pavement
Tram
Have a look at

Def
ayldi
Rialistik
Unrialistik
ntrestid
ntresting
ntrestid in
Bi voriid ebaut
Embr layt
Raundebaut
Simlaritis
Difrnss
Esosiyeyn
Zebra krosing
Peyvmnt
Trem
Hev a luk et

Believable
Unbelievable
Trendy
Cave
Flared
Collar
Sole

Blivebl
Anblivebl
Tirendi
Keyv
Fleyrd
Kaulr
Sool

Thick
Conscious
Unconscious
Moving stairway
One-month-baby
Eightyyear-old-man
Dare

Tik
Kans
Ankans
Muving stervey

Adventurer
Adventurous
Climb
Waterfall
Explore
Willing to

Edvenrr
Edvenirs
Klaym
Vatrfol
ksplor
Vling tu

Predictable
Wild

Piridiktibl
Vayld

Piis
Piis meykr

Der

Farketmek, farkna
varmak
ya kendini adamak
Deitirmek
Yakn arkada, ikinci
kiilik
Gvenmek
Gvenmek, gven
Bar, huzur
Bar salayan,
arabulucu
lm
ocuksu
Gereki
Gereki olmayan
lgili, alakal
lgin, ilgi ekici
ile ilgili olmak
Endielenmek
Sar k
Dner kavak
Benzerlikler
Farkllklar
Dernek, birlik, ortaklk
Yaya geidi
Kaldrm
Tramvay
Gzden geirmek, Bir
bak
nanlr
nanlmaz
Son moda
Maara
spanyol paa
Yaka
Ayak taban, tek,
yegane
Kaln
Bilinli
Bilinsiz
Yryen merdiven
Bir aylk bebek
Seksen yanda adam
Cret etmek,
cesaretlendirmek
Maceraperest
Macera merakls
Trmanmak, trman
elale
Kefetmek
stekli olmak, raz
olmak
Tahmin edilebilir
Yaban, vahi
63

Live your life to full

Tyre
Out of order
Be stuck in
Be lost
Break down

Tayr
Aut of ordr
Bi stak in
Bi lost
Breyk davn

Run out of
Show up

Ran aut of
ov ap

Flat tyre
Nightmare
Trouble

Flat tayr
Naytmeyr
Trabl

Thats why
Helmet
Rope
Compass
Penknife
Life jacket
Whistle

Dets vay
Helmt
Roup
Kamps
Pennayf
Layf cekit
Visl

Pirate
Sailing
Scary
Though
Seasick
Get sesick
Rough
Starboard

Payrit
Seyilng
Skeri
Doou
Sisek
Get sisek
Roug
Starbourd

Sailor
Put on
Besides
Boat
Annoy

Seylr
Put on
Bisayds
Bout
Enoy

Hayat dolu dolu

yaamak
Tekerlek, lastik
Arzal, bozuk
Mahsur kalmak
Kaybolmak
Bozulmak,
arzalanmak
Bir eyin tkenmesi
Grnmek, ortaya
kmak
Patlak lastik
Kabus
Rahatszlk vermek,
sorun, problem
Bu yzden
Mifer
Halat, ip
Pusula
ak
Can yelei
Islk almak, ddk,
slk
Korsan
Deniz yolculuu
Korkun
Geri
Deniz tutmu
Deniz tutmak
Kaba saba, frtnal
Sancak, sancak
tarafna
Denizci
Giymek, giyinmek
Ayrca
Tekne, bot, kayk
Sinirlendirmek,
kzdrmak

64

A1 TENTH WEEK (14.03.2015 / 15.03.2015)

Direct Speech / Reported Speech (Dolaysz Anlatm / Dolayl Anlatm) :
ki kii arasnda geen bir konuma nc bir kiiye iki biimde aktarlabilir:
1. Direct Speech: Kiinin dedikleri, hibir deiiklik yaplmadan nc kiiye aktarlabilir. Buna
dolaysz anlatm (direct speech) denir. Birinci kiinin syledii trnak iinde verilmitir. kinci kii
ise bunu hi bozmadan nc kiiye aktarmtr. Dolaysyla bu gibi durumlarda ne kiilerde ne
de cmlenin zamannda (tense) bir deiiklie gerek yoktur.
He said I am a teacher : Ben retmenim dedi.
2. Reported Speech : Bir konuma nc kiilere aktarlrken bu gibi deiikliklerle aktarlyorsa
buna dolayl anlatm (indirect speech ya da reported speech) denir. Cmleden that atlsa da
anlamda bir deime olmayacandan parantez iinde verilmitir.
He said (that) he was a teacher : retmen olduunu syledi.
Farklar :

lk cmlede that yokken ikincisinde that var,

lk cmle trnak iinde iken ikinci cmlede trnak kaldrlm,
Trnak iindeki cmlede zne I iken, ikinci cmlede I znesi he olarak deimi,
Trnak iindeki cmlede fiil is iken, ikinci cmlede bu fiil was olarak deimitir.

Tenselere Gre Reported Speech :

1. Eer giri fiili aadaki zamanlardan birindeyse, dolayl anlatmda herhangi bir zaman
deiiklii yaplmaz:
He says/he is saying/ he will say/he is going to say/he has said/he has been saying
2. Ancak giri fiili eer the simple past tense ya da dier gemi zamanlardan herhangi biriyle (the
past continuous tense = he was saying; the past perfect tense = he had said) ile ifade
ediliyorsa, o zaman aadaki zaman deiiklikleri yaplr.

He said I swim : Yzerim dedi.

He said (that) he swam : O yzdn syledi.
He said I am swimming : O Yzyorum dedi.
He said (that) he was swimming : O yzdn syledi.
He said I swam : O Yzdm dedi.
He said (that) he had swum : O yzdn/yzm olduunu syledi.
He said I have swum : O Yzdm dedi.
He said (that) he had swum : O yzdn/yzm olduunu syledi.
65

He said I have been swimming : O Yzyorum dedi.

He said (that) he had been swimming : O yzdn/yzmekte olduunu syledi.
He said I will swim : O Yzeceim dedi.
He said (that) he would swim : O yzeceini syledi
He said I will be swimming : Yzmekte olacam dedi.
He said (that) he would be swimming : Yzmekte olacan syledi
He said I will have swum : O Yzm olacam dedi.
He said (that) he would have swum : O yzm olacan syledi.
He said I am going to swim : O Yzeceim dedi.
He said (that) he was going to swim : O yzeceini syledi.
He said I was swimming : O Yzyordum dedi.
He said (that) he had been swimming : O yzdn/yzmekte olduunu syledi
He said I had swum : O Yzmtm dedi.
He said (that) he had swum : O yzm olduunu syledi.
He said I had been swimming : O Yzmekteydim dedi.
He said (that) he had been swimming : O yzmekte olduunu syledi.
3. Ayrca, giri eylemi yine the simple past tense olmak kaydyla, aadaki durumlarda da
deiiklik yaplr:
Can :
He said I can swim : O Yzebiliyorum dedi.
He said (that) he could swim : O yzebildiini syledi.
May :
He said I may swim : O Yzebilirim dedi.
He said (that) he might swim : O yzebileceini syledi.
Have to :
He said I have to swim : O Yzmem gerekiyor dedi.
He said (that) he had to swim : O yzmesi gerektiini syledi.

Shall :
He said I shall swim : O Yzeceim dedi.
He said (that) he should swim : O yzeceini syledi.
4. Bunlardan baka, dolayl anlatmda deiime uramayan yaplar da vardr.
Should :

66

He said I should swim : Yzmem lazm. dedi.

He said (that) he should swim : Yzmesi gerektiini syledi.
Might :
He said I might swim : Yzebilirim. dedi.
He said (that) he might swim : Yzebileceini syledi.
Need :
He said I neednt swim : Yzmeme gerek yok. dedi.
He said (that) he neednt swim : Yzmesine gerek olmadn syledi.
Wish :
He said I wish I could swim : Keke yzebilsem. dedi.
He said (that) he wished he could swim : Yzebilmeyi arzu ettiini syledi.
Zaman ve Yer szcklerinin Deimesi :
Dolayl anlatmda now, tomorrow, here gibi szcklerin baka szcklerle deitirilmesi mantk
erevesinde yaplmaldr. Her cmlede bu tr szcklerin mutlaka deitirilmesi gerekmeyebilir.
Normal koullarda hangi szcklerin hangi szcklerle deitirilmesi gerektii aada liste olarak
verilmitir. Ancak listenin altndaki aklama ve rnekleri de mutlaka okuyun:
Direct Speech
Tomorrow
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Last Week
Last Year
Next Week
Next Month
The Day Before Yesterday
Ago
The Day After Tomorrow
Here
This, These
Now
Come
Bring

Reported Speech
The Following Day, The Next Day, The Day
After
That Day, The Same Day
That Night
The Day Before, The Previous Day
The Previous Week
The Previous Year
The Following Week
The Following Month
Two Days Before
Before, Previously
n Two Days Time
There
That, Those
Then
Go
Take

imdi iin mantna bakalm. rnein, kii yesterday demise ve bu cmle nc kiilere ayn
gn iinde aktarlyorsa, yesterdayin ve cmlenin zamannn deimesine gerek yoktur:
Jessica said I went to the cinema yesterday : Jessica Dn sinemaya gittim dedi.
Jessica said (that) she went to the cinema yesterday : Jessica, dn sinemaya gittiini syledi.
Halbu ki ayn cmle bir sonraki gn sylenmi olsayd, aktarlrken gerekli deiiklikler yaplmalyd:
Jessica said (that) she had gone to the cinema the previous day : Jessica, nceki gn sinemaya
gittiini syledi.
67

Bu yzden, dolayl anlatmda, kiinin sz ne zaman syledii ve aktarma iinin ne zaman

yapld nem tamaktadr.
That Balacnn Kullanm :
Dolayl anlatmda that balac, say, tell, think gibi birok fiilden sonra ister kullanlr ister
kullanlmaz:
He said (that) he had enough money : Yeterli paras olduunu syledi.
I replied that I didnt intend to break her heart : Onun kalbini krmak niyetinde olmadm cevabn
verdim.
The boss shouted that he was very busy : Patron, ok megul olduunu haykrd.
It is my view that the price is too high : Bence fiyat ar yksek.
What/Who/Which + Be Kullanm :
What, who ve which soru szckleri ve be fiili ile yaplan cmlelerde, be fiilinin yeri zneden nce
ya da sonra olabilir:
Who is the best footballer? : En iyi futbolcu kim?
He asked me who was the best footballer : En iyi futbolcunun kim olduunu bana sordu.
He asked me who the best footballer was : En iyi futbolcunun kim olduunu bana sordu.
What is the problem? : Sorun ne?
He asked what was the problem : Sorunun ne olduunu sordu.
He asked what the problem was : Sorunun ne olduunu sordu.
Which is my ticket? : Hangisi benim biletim?
He wondered which was his ticket : Biletinin hangisi olduunu merak etti.
He wondered which his ticket was : Biletinin hangisi olduunu merak etti.
Say/Tell fiillerinin Kullanm :
Dolayl anlatmda en sk kullanlan iki fiil say ve tell fiilleridir. Eer konutuumuz kiiyi cmlede
belirtiyorsak tell, belirtmiyorsak say kullanlr:
He told me that he would come soon : Yaknda geleceini bana syledi. (Bana syledii
belirtiliyor.)
He said that he would come soon: Yaknda geleceini syledi. (Kime syledii belirtilmiyor.)
NOT : Say fiili, cmlede kii belirtilince kullanlabilir. Ancak bu durumda to almaldr:
He said to me that he would come soon : Yaknda geleceini bana syledi.
NOT : Told fiilinden ve asked fiilinden sonra to kullanlmaz. Fakat said fiilinden sonra to
kullanlmaldr.
Dolayl Anlatmda Ricalar, Emirler, tler, neriler vb :

68

Rica, emir, t, neri, uyar vb. ifade eden cmleler, dolayl anlatmda eitli biimlerde balanr.
Bunlarn en yaygn, olumlu cmleleri to ile, olumsuz cmleleri not to ile balamaktr. Baz fiiller ise
that ile balanr. Hangi fiilin kullanlmas gerektii, cmlenin anlamna baldr.
Burada dolayl anlatm cmlesi kurulurken told veya asked fiilleri taygn olarak kulanlr. Bu tip
cmelelerde todan sonra gelen fiilin infinitive hali kullanlr.
Margeret asked me, would you like to drink a cup of tea : Margaret bana bir fincan ay iermiiniz
dedi.
Margeret offered me to drink a cup of tea : Margeret bana bir fincan ay imemi nerdi.
neri cmelelerinin reperted speechleri yaplrken genellikle Offered veya suggested fiilleri
kullanlr. Bu tip cmelelerde de todan sonra gelen fiilin infinitive hali kullanlr.
Larry said to me how about going for a walk : larry bana biraz yrmeye ne dersin dedi.
Larry suggested going for a walk : Larry bana yrme taklif etti.
He said Be careful : Dikkatli ol dedi.
He told me to be careful : Bana dikkatli olmam syledi.
He said Dont go : Gitme dedi.
He told me not to go : Bana gitmememi syledi.
Dolayl Anlatmda Soru Cmleleri :
ki tr soru vardr:
1. Cevab evet ya da hayr olan sorular. ngilizcede bu tr sorular, cmlenin yardmc fiili baa
getirilerek yaplr:
Do you like chicken? : Tavuk sever misin?
Yes, I do : Evet severim.
No, I dont : Hayr sevmem.
2. Soru szckleriyle sorulan sorular. Bu tr sorular ise, when, why, where, when, which, who,
what, how gibi soru szckleriyle yaplr:
When did you go there? : Oraya ne zaman gittin?

imdi bu iki soru trnn dolayl anlatmda nasl biimlendiini grelim:

1. Cevab evet ya da hayr olan sorular, dolayl anlatmda aktarlrken if ya da whether kullanlr
ve soru dz cmleye evrilir:
Peter asked Is Paul going to eat at home?
Peter asked if/whether Paul was going to eat at home : Peter, Pauln evde yemek yiyip
yemeyeceini sordu.
I asked the doctor Can you cure my disease?
I asked the doctor if/whether he could cure my disease : Doktora, hastalm tedavi edip
edemeyeceini sordum.

69

2. Soru szckleriyle sorulan sorularda ise, soru szc bala olarak kullanlr ve cmle yine
soru yapsndan dz cmleye evrilir:
Dave asked the writer When did you write your first novel?
Dave asked the writer when he had written his first novel : Dave, yazara ilk romann ne zaman
yazdn sordu.
The teacher asked George What are you studying?
The teacher asked George what he was studying : retmen, Georgea ne altn sordu.
The student asked Where is my book?
The student wanted to know where his book was : renci, kitabnn nerede olduunu renmek
istedi.
Examples :
Aye said I will not come with you : Aye seninle gelmeyecei dedi.
Aye said that she would not come with me : Aye benimle gelmeyeceini syledi.
He said the test is difficult : O snav zor dedi.
He said that the test was difficult : O snavn zor olduunu syledi.
She said I watched TV yesterday : O dn televizyon izledim dedi.
She said that she had watched TV the day before : O bir gn nce televizyon izlediini syledi.
He said I am cooking dinner : O akam yemei piiriyorum dedi.
He said that he was cooking dinner : O akam yemei piiriyor olduunu syledi.
He said I can come tonight : O bu akam gelebilirim dedi.
He said that he could come that night : O akam gelebileceini syledi.
He said I am going to fly to zmir next week : O gelecek hafta zmire gideceim dedi.
He said that he was going to fly to zmir The following week : O bir sonraki hafta zmire gideceini
syledi.
Take your costumes with you said my father : Babam kostmn yanna al dedi.
My father asked me to take my costumes with me : Babam kostmm yanma almam istedi.
Dont tell me a lie said her father : Babas bana yalan syleme dedi.
Her father told her not to tell him a lie : Babas kzna ona yalan sylememesini syledi.
Dick asked what are you talking about : Dick ne hakknda konuuyorsun diye sordu.
Dick asked what I was talking about : Dick benim ne hakknda konutuumu sordu.
Dick asked where is your mother : Dick annen nerede diye sordu.
Dick asked where his mother : Dick onun annesinin nerede olduunu sordu.
If/Whether : . Yapp yapamayaca : Eer soru cmleleri yardmc fiil veya modallar ile
soruluyorsa (Do,Does,Did, am, is, are, was, were, can, could, will, would) dolayl anlatm cmleleri
f veya whather ile kurulur.If ve whether cmlelerin ortasnda kullanlr. Fakat If cmle banda
kullanlmaz.
Susan asked me Can you come to my party : Susan benim partime gelirmisin diye sordu.
Susan wanted to know If/whether I could gne to her party : Susan onun paertisine gelip
gelemeyeceimi sordu.
70

Whether you will past the exam is up to you : Snav kazanp kazanmayacan sana bal.
Vocabulary :
Practice
Lie
Trail
Ancient
Hiker
Paradise
Hell
Sacred
Artificial
Jungle
Surfing
White-water rafting
Bungee jumping
Rock climbing
Water skiing
Hang gliding
Survival skill
Survive
Extreme
Unforgettable
Forgettable
Confidence
Shelter
Excitement
Thrill
Range
Magnificent
Blank
Torch
Recover
Tidy
It is up to you
It is up to me

Lay
Treyl
Ennt
Haykr
Peradays
Heal
Segrd
Artifil
Cangl
Srfing
Vayt votr rafting
Bangi camping
Rak clayming
Watr sikiying
Heng glayding
Survayvl sikil
Srvayl
Ekstrim
Anforgetibl
Forgetibl
Kanfidns
eltr
Eksaytmnt
Tiril
Reyn
Megnifsnt
Blenk
Torch
Rikavr
Taydi

Uzanmak, yalan sylemek,yalan

zini srmek, iz, patika
Antik
Uzun yry yapan kimse
Cennet
Cehennem
Kutsal
Yapay, suni
Orman
Srf
Kpkl su kaya
Yksekten iple atlama
Kaya trman
Su kaya
Uma sporu
Hayatta kalma becerisi
Hayatta kalmak
Ar
Unutulmaz
Unutulabilir
Gven
Barnak, snak
Heyacan
Heyecan
Sralanmak, Sra (da,tepe)
Muhteem, grkemli
Boluk, bo
Meale, el feneri
Kurtarmak, iyilemek
Toparlamak, temizlemek, derli
toplu
Sana bal
Bana bal

71

A2 Unit-1 :
Present Simple Tense /Present Prograsivve Tense (Geni Zaman / imdiki Zaman):
NOT : Stative verbler ing taks almazlar.Like, Dislike, Love etc.
NOT : Have fiili ing taks almaz. Sadece baz durumlarda ing taks alr. Ancak have breakfest,
Have dinner, have a bath, have lunch durumlarnda ing taks alabilir.
Past Tense / Used To :
Cmle Yaplar :
Olumlu cmle yaps used to + Verb (yaln) eklindedir.
Negative Cmle yaps Didnt + use to + Verb (yaln) eklindedir.
Soru cmlesi Did ..use to + Verb (yaln) eklindedir.
Preposition Of Time :
At : Kesin zaman ifadelerinde kullanlr.
Nine oclock, noon, night, midnight, the age of five, the weekend
n : Aylar, yllar, yzyllar ve uzun zaman periyotlarnda kullanlr.
the morning, the afternoon, the evening, Agust, fall, 2008, 21th century
On : Gnlerde ve tarihlerde kullanlr.
Tuesday, July 4th, a winters night, a cold morning, a Sunday afternoon, the weekdays
During : Boyunca, sresince
From : tibaren, -den, -dan
To : Kadar, -e doru
Till : -e kadar
Until :-dek, dein, kadar
Before : Evvel, nce
After : Sonra
Ago : Evvel, nce

72

Vocabulary :
Practice
Youth
Hold on
Charity
Stylish
Hair style
Awful
What are you up to
Awesome
Got to go
Repeatedly
Stative
Downtown
Pretend
Keep in touch
Storm
Virtual
Regularly
nstantly
Online
Recently
Display
Be bored of
Be fond of
Be into
Habitual
Spare time
Contestant
Talent Show
Talk Show
Major
Roommate
Expenses
Share with
Blog
Celebrity
Rising star
Racing
Passion
Wheel
Adopt
Well-Known
Be aware of
Poverty
Refugee
Be in a position to
Good will
Ambassador
Affect
Effect
Win
Beat

Yuut
Hold an
erdi
Stayli
Heyr stayl
Ovful
Vat ar yu ap tu
Ovsm
Gat tu go
Rpidtli
Steytiv
Davntavn
Pritent
Kiip in ta
Storm
Vrvl
Regulrli
nstndli
Onlayn
Risntli
Displey
Bi bord of
Bi fond of
Bi intu
Hebiuvl
Speyr taym
Kntestnt
Telnt ov
Tolk ov
Meycr
Rummeyt
Ekspenss
eyr vit
Blog
Selebrti
Rayzing star
Reyzing
Pen
Viyl
Edapt
Velnavn
Bi vear of
Pavrdi
Refuci
Bi in e pozin tu
Gudvil
Embassdr
Afekt
fekt
Vin
Biit

Genlik
Beklemek (telefonda)
Hayrseverlik
k
Sa stili
Berbat
Neler yapyorsun
Korkun, mthi, harika
Gitmeliyim
Defalarca
Durum anlatan
ar
Yapar gibi grnmek
letiim halinde bulunmak
Frtna, kasrga
Sanal
Dzenli olarak
Hemen
evrim ii, balantl
Son zamanlarda
Sergilemek, grnt, ekran
Sklmak
Hastas olmak
lgili olmak
Allagelmi
Bo zaman
Yarmac
Yetenek yarma
Talk ov
Uzmanlamak
Oda arkada
Masraflar, giderler
le paylamak
nternet gnl
nl kii
Ykselen yldz
Yarma
Hrs, tutku
ark, tekerlek
Evlat edinmek
Tannm
Farknda olmak
Yoksulluk
Mlteci
Bir pozisyonda olmak
yiniyet
Bykeli
Etkilemek
Etki,tesir
Kazanmak
Yenmek, dvmek
73

Train
Perform
Popular
Famous for
Realize
Understand
Quick-tempered
Bossy
Mean
Get along
Stubborn
Humor-humour
Assignment
Mad
Grade
Suggest

Treyn
Prform
Papulr
Feyms for
Riylayz
Andrstend
Kuik tepprd
Basi
Miin
Gedelong
Staborn
Hmor
Essaynmnt
Med
Gureyd
Scest

Antreman yapmak, tren

Rol yapmak, icra etmek
Popler
le tannm
Farketmek, farkna varmak
Anlamak
Asabi, abuk sinirlenen
Otoriter
Cimri
Birbiriyle geinmek
nat
Mizah
Grevlendirme, grev, dev
Kzgn, deli, lgn
Puanlamak, kademe, rtbe
nermek

Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-1:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29

ability
active
affect
agree
all the time
allow
ambassador
appear
argue
assignment
at least
at the beginning
attractive
award
awesome
awful
be a fan of
be aware of
be behind the wheel
be bored of
be fond of
be in a position to
be in good shape
be interested in
be into
be over
beat
begin

beceri
aktif
etkilemek
ayn fikirde olmak
her zaman
izin vermek
bykeli
grnmek
tartmak
Grevlendirme, grev, dev
en azndan
Balangta
cazibeli,ekici,alml
dl
Korkun, mthi, harika
korkun, berbat
hayran olmak
farknda olmak
Direksiyonda olmak
Sklmak
Hastas olmak
bir pozisyonda olmak
formda olmak
ilgilenmek
ilgilenmek
Bitmek (kalmamak)
Dvmek, yenmek
balamak
74

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
75
76

blog
bossy
bright
campus
can't stand
celebrity
century
championship
change
channel
charity
clear
click
college
confident
contestant
continue
decade
display
downtown
drob somebody a line
each other
effect
especially
exhibition
expense
expenses
face
famous for
fat
feel like
future
get along
get out
get upset
gift
give somebody a call
good will
got to go
grade
guess
habitual
hair salon
hair style
have a word with someone
have time on one's hands

internet gnl
otoriter
parlak
kampus
tahamml edememek,dayanamamak
nl kimse
asr
ampiyonluk
deimek/deitirmek
kanal
Hayrseverlik, hayr
Belirgin, berrak, temiz
tklamak
Kolej, yksekokul, niversite
kendine gvenen
yarmac
devam etmek
on yl
Sergilemek, grnt, ekran
ehir merkezi, ar
Birine iki satr yazmak
birbirlerine
Tesir, etki
zellikle
sergilemek, sergi
Masraf, harcama
giderler, masraflar
yz, Yzlemek, yz
ile tannm
kilolu
can istemek
gelecek zaman
birisiyle geinmek
defol veya kmak
Huylanmak
armaan
birine telefon etmek
iyiniyet
gitmeliyim
Puanlamak, aama, rtbe
tahmin, tahmin etmek
aliilagelmi
kuafr, Kuafr salonu
sa stili
Biriyle konumak
bo zaman olmak
75

77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122

helpful
hold on
honest
how could i say no
how is it going
however
humor
i can't make it
i have other plans
i suppose so
i'm afraid
ideal
immediately
improve
instantly
intelligent
international
interview
keep in touch
kind
lazy
leave
lie
live
look for
lose touch with
mad
major
major in
mean
meeting
member
mess
miss
mood
moody
nervous
next door
nothing much
on my way
online
opportunity
outgoing
part-time
passion
perform

yardmsever, faydal, yardmc

beklemek (telefonda)
drst
nasl hayr diyebilirim ki
nasl gidiyor
ancak, bununla birlikte (Ztlk)
mizah
yapamam
baka planlarm var
sanrm yle
korkarm
ideal
hemen
Gelimek, ilerletmek
annda
akll, zeki
uluslararas
Rprtaj yapmak, mlakat, grme
iletiim halinde olmak
kibar
tembel
Brakmak, ayrlmak
Yalan sylemek,uzanmak
yaamak, Yaamak, yaayan
aramak
temas kaybetmek
Kzgn, deli, lgn
balca, Uzmanlamak
Asl bran olarak almak (niversitede)
anlamna gelmek, cimri
Toplant, buluma
ye
karmakark
Karmak, zlemek
ruh hali
karamsar kimse
sinirli
Yandaki, bitiik
fazla bir ey deil
Yoldaym
evrimii
imkan,frsat,olanak
da dnk
yarim gn
tutku
Rol yapmak, icra etmek
76

123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168

performance
photography
play a role
popular
poverty
practice
pretend
pretty
probably
promise
quality
questionnaire
quick-tempered
race
racing
rap
rarely
real
realize
reason
receive a reply
recently
recreation
refugee
regularly
regulary
repeatedly
return a call
rising star
role model
roommate
rude
science-fiction
screen
seem
sense of humor
share
share with
shy
soap opera
sounds awesome
spare time
stative
storm
strong
stubborn

icraat, performans
fotoraflk
bir rol oynamak
popler
yoksulluk
Paratik yapmak, pratik
numara yapmak, yapar gibi grnmek
sevimli
muhtemelen
sz vermek
Kalite, kaliteli
anket
abuk sinirlenen
yar
yar
almak (kap)
nadiren
gerek
farketmek
sebep
Yant almak
son zamanlarda
dinlenme
mlteci
dzenli olarak
dzenli
defalarca
Geri aramak
ykselen yldz
rol modeli
oda arkada
kaba
bilim-kurgu
Ekranda gstermek, ekran
gibi grnmek, Grnmek, gzkmek
espri anlay
paylamak
ile paylamak
utanga
pembe dizi
harika grnyor
bo vakit
Durum anlatan
kasrga
gl
inat
77

169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191

stylish
suggest
take time
talent show
talented
talk show
tell the truth
that would be great
train
tunnel
understand
virtual
well-known
what are you up to
what does she look like
what is she like
what's up
wheel
whenever
win
you can't be serious
youth
zodiac sign

k
nermek
zaman ayrmak, zaman almak
yetenek program
yetenekli
talk show
Doruyu sylemek
harika olur
Antreman yapmak, tren
tnel
anlamak
sanal
tannm
sen neler yapyorsun
neye benziyor, Neye benziyor (Fiziksel zellikler)
Neye benziyor (Karakter)
Ne var Ne yok
tekerlek
Herhangi bir zamanda
kazanmak
ciddi olamazsn
genlik
Bur

A2 Unit-2 :
Simple Past Continious ( Prograsivve) Tense (Gemite Devam Eden Zaman) : Past tense
daha ksa zaman aralklar iin kullanlr. Yani gemite bir yerde hemen olup biten olarylar iin.
Past continous tense ise gemite balayan ve belirli bir sre alan eylemleri ifade etmek iin
kullanlr.
Kural : zne + be (was/were) + V ing
Examples :
I was painting my room all day yesterday : Dn btn gn odam boyadm.
I painted my room blue : Odam maviye boyadm.
I started to read book last night : Dn gece kitap okumaya baladm.
I was reading book last night : Dn gece kitap okuyordum.
I was sleeping when my mother came : Annem geldiinde uyuyordum.
While I was sleeping, my mother came : Uyuyorken annem geldi.
My mother came while I was sleeping : Uyuyorken annem geldi.

78

As soon as the girl saw the dog, she started to shout : Kz kpei grr grmez barmaya
balad.
As soon as I fnishe my homework, I went out : devimi bitirir bitirmez dar ktm.
When-While-As-As soon as (Balalar) :
Kullanlan bala (when, while, Whilst, As vs) cmle banda gelirse birinci cmlenin sonuna virgl
konulmaldr. Ortada geldi zaman virgl koymaya gerek olmaz.
When balacndan sonra past tense kullanlmaldr. Bu bala daha ksa sreler iin kullanlr.
Bu yzden kendisinden sonra gelen cmle past tense ile kurulmaldr.
While balacndan sonra past continous kullanlmaldr. Bu bala daha uzun sreler iin
kullanlr. Bu yzden kendisinde sonra gelen zaman ounlukla past continous olmaldr.
Whilst ve As balalar, when ve while balalarnn yerine kullanlabilirler. Fakat pek tercih
edilmezler.
Examples :
While the snake was hanging in the air, he cut its head with a knife: Ylan havada asl iken o
kafasn kakla kesti.
I was feeling dizzy and sick while I was drinking it : Onu iiyor iken ba dnm ve hatsa
hissediyordum.
As soon as I was finished, they all looked at me for a response : Bitirir bitirmez. Onlarn hepsi bir
yant iin bana baktlar.
Have Fiilinin ing Taks Alma Durumlar :
Have fiili srekli sahip olunan eylerden bahsederken past continous veya simple present
continous zamanlarna gre ekimlenmez. Yani ing taks almaz. Have straight hair, have
black eyes vs.
Have fiili haraket bildiren cmle yaplarnda ing taks alr. Having lunch, having dinner, having
a great time vs.
NOT-2 : Sonuna ing taks alan sfatlar bireyleri niteleyen sfatlardr. Cansz varlklar, hayvanlar
vs.de bu sfatar kullanlr. nteresting peaople, amazing trick vs.
Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases :
Practice
Suddenly
All of a sudden
Finally
n the end
Fortunately
Luckily
Amazingly
To my surprise
Then
After that
Unfortunately
Unluckily

Sadnli
Ol of e sadn
Faynli
n d end
Fruntli
Lakli
Ameyzngli
Tu may srprayz
Den
Aftr det
Anforuntli
Anlakli

Aniden
Aniden
En sonunda
En sonunda
ans eseri
ans eseri
artc bir ekilde
artc bir ekilde
Sonra
Ondan sonra
Malasef
Malasef, anszlk eseri
79

Present Perfect Tense Tekrar :

For ( in) : For kalb belirsiz zamanlar ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Two hours, a week, ten years,
along time gibi. Bu zaman ifadelerinin balangc belli deildir. Yani sadece zaman dilimi bilinir.
Ive read this book for two hours : ki saattir bu kitab okuyorum.
How long have you had this house : Bu eve nezamandr sahipsin.
I have had it for two years since I moved to this country actually : Aslnda bu ehre
tandmdan beri, iki yldr sahibim.
Since ( ..den beri): Since kalb belirli zamanlar ifade etmek iin kullanlr. Zamann balang
noktas bilinmektedir ve bu tarih cmle iinde verilir. Since 1939, Since January, Since his death,
Since 2:00 vb.
NOT : Eer since kalbndan sonra bir zaman deilde bir cmle gelecekse, kurulacak cmle past
tense olmaldr.
Ive worked in this company since it was founded : Kurulduundan beri bu irkette alyorum.
Just (Henz) : Just olumlu cmlelerde kullanlr ve henz anlam verir. Yardmc filllerden sonra
esas fiilden nce kullanlr.
I have just done my homework : Ev devimi henz bitirdim.
He has just taken a shower : O henz du ald.
Already (oktan, Zaten) : Olumlu cmle yaplarnda kullanlr ve oktan anlam verir. Yardmc
filllerden sonra esas fiilden nce kullanlr.
He has already seen her : O onu oktan grd.
Yet (Henz) : Yet Justtan farkl olarak cmlenin sonunda kullanlr. Ayrca olumsuz ve soru
cmlelerinde kullanlr.
He hasnt come to the lesson, yet : O henz derse gelmedi.
Have you met with his girlfriend, yet : Onun kz arkada ile tantnm?
Ever (Hi) : ounlukla soru cmlelerinde kullanlr. Esas fiilden nce kullanlr.
Have you ever been to stanbul : Hi stanbulda bulundun mu?
Yes, Ive been to stanbul once (twice, three times) : Evet bir kez (iki kez, kez) bulundum.
No, I have never been to stanbul : Hayr stanbulda hi bulunmadm.
So far (imdiye kadar) : imdiye kadar anlam verir ve genellikle cmle sonlarnda kullanlr.
NOT :
Before, yet, many times, once, twice cmle sonunda kullanlr.
Just, ever, never, always ise yardmc fiileden sonra veya esas fiilden nce kullanlr.

80

Examples :
Have you ever washed the dishes, yet ? : Henz hi bulak ykamadn m ?
No, I havent washed rhe dishes, yet : Hayr, bulaklar henz ykamadm.
Yes, I have just washed the dishes : Evet, bulaklar henz ykadm.
Vocabulary :
Practice
Threatening
Threatened
Thrilling
Thrilled
Frightening
Frightened
Whilst
As
As soon as
As soon as possible
ntroductory
ntroduction
Main part
Main section
Conclusion
Final section
Associate with
A third
Heat stroke
Hitchhiking
Once
Twice
All day
Crash

Tretining
Tretind
Tirling
Tirld
Fraytning
Ftaytnd
Valst
Es
Es suun es
Es suu es posbl
ntrodaktri
ntrodakn
Meyin part
Knglujn
Faynl sekn
Assoiyet wit
E trd
Hiit stroko
Hihayking
Vans
Tuvayz
Ol dey
Kra

Tehtid edici
Tehtid edilmi
Heyacan verici
Heyecanlanm
Korkutucu
Korkmu
ken
ken
Derhal, yapar yapmaz
En ksa zamanda
Giri niteliinde, tantc
Giri, tantm (makale)
Ana blm (makale)
Ana blm (makale)
Sonu (makale)
Son blm (makale)
likilendirmek
te bir
Scak arpmas
Otostop
Bir kez, bir defasnda
ki kez, iki kat
Btn gn
arpmak, arpmak,krlma

Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-2:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

a third
abroad
accept
accident
according to
actually
afraid of
after that
air
alarm go off
alive
all day
all of a sudden

te bir
Yurtdnda, yurtd
kabul etmek
kaza
-e gre
Fiilen
korkan
bundan sonra
hava
Alarm almak
canl
btn gn
aniden
81

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15
16
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18
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23
24
25
26
27
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41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
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52
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55
56
57
58
59

alley
amazed
amazing
amazingly
area
as
as soon as
as soon as possible
as well as
associate
associate with
at the same time
bark
be prepared
bee
believe it or not
below zero
bite
bitter
blood
bored
boring
break into
broaden
broaden your mind
burglar
buzz
cactus
cage
camel
certain
common
conclusion
condition
consequence
convention
cover
crash
cut
cycling
danger
degrees
description
desert
dish
divide

dar yol
arm
artc
artc bir ekilde
alan, saha, blge
olarak, iken
en ksa srede
en ksa zamanda
yan sra, bunun yan sra
ilikilendirmek, birletirmek
ile ilikilendirmek
Ayn zamanda
Havlamak,havlama, Havlamak, havlama
Hazrlkl olmak, hazrlanmak
ar
ister inan ister inanma
sfrn altnda
srmak
Ac (tat)
kan
sklm
skc
bir yere aniden girmek, zorla girmek
geniletmek
zihninizi geniletmek
hrsz
vzlt, vzldamak
kakts
kafes
deve
mutlak, kesin
ortak
sonu
artlandrmak, durum, koul
sonu
toplant
kaplamak, rtmek
kaza, arpmak, arpmak
kesmek
bisiklete binme
Tehlike, tehlikeli
derece
tanmlama
Terketmek, l, ssz
tabak
bolmek,siniflandirmak
82

60
61
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67
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69
70
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85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105

dizzy
doorbell
down into
dress
dress up
drop
earth
effort
elvish
empty
enthusiastic
entire
exactly
excited
exciting
experience
explore
exploring
extension
extreme
faint
fandom
feel
final section
finally
follow
foreign
freeze
fresh
frightened
frightening
gap
get hurt
get wet
give somebody a hand
go on
grasshopper
gravy
hand
hang
healty
heat
heat stroke
hide
high temparature
hiking

ba dnmesi hissetmek, ba dnen

kap zili
aa doru
Giyinmek, elbise
ok k giyinmek
Dmek, drmek,damla
dnya
aba,gayret
yaramaz, cin gibi
Boaltmak, bo
hevesli
Btn,tm
tam olarak
heyecanlanm
heyecan verici
Deneyimlemek, deneyim, tecrbe
kefetmek
Kefetme
geniletme
ar
Baylmak, baylma
Hayranlk (Bir nlye vb)
hissetmek
Son blm
en sonunda
takip etmek
yabanc
donmak
taze
korkmu
korkutucu
boluk
yaralanmak
slanmak
Birine yardm etmek
devam etmek
ekirge
sos
el, Uzatmak, el
asmak
salkl,gl
hararet
scak arpmas
Saklanmak, saklamak
Yksek scaklk
yry
83

106
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115
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121
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131
132
133
134
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136
137
138
139
140
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142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151

hill
hitchhike
hitchhiking
honey
how are things
i must go now
i thought
i'm afraid so
ice
impossible
in other words
india
ingredient
insect
interested
interesting
introduction
introductory
journey
just try it
kill
knife
land
laugh
leaf
light
lightning
lip
locals
lock
look around
loose
low temperature
luckily
lyrics
magical
main part
main section
make plan
manage
market
marketplace
medicine
merchant
muddy
mysterious

tepe
otostop yapmak
otostop
bal
nasl gidiyor
imdi gitmem gerek
dndm
Korkarm yle
buz
imkansz
baka bir deyile
hindistan
malzeme, ierik
bcek
ilgili
ilgin
giri
giri niteliinde olan
seyahat
Sadece dene
ldrmek
bak
kara, toprak, karaya ayak basmak
Glmek, gl
yaprak
hafif, ak renkli
imek
dudak
yerel halk
Kilitlemek, kilit
etrafna baknmak, aratrmak
Oynak, gevek, bol
dk scaklk
ans eseri
ark szleri
sihirsel
Ana para
ana blm
Plan yapmak
ynetmek
market, pazar
pazaryeri
ila
tccar
Bulandrmak, amurlu
gizemli
84

152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
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173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197

nail
no way
noodles
northern
offer
once
organize
outback
outcome
part
pass
pickle
plan
plant
possible
publish
push
rain
raise
reach
recipe
relevant
response
result
return
right up
ring
root
rope
salty
sand
scuba diving
seaweed
section
severe
shout
sick
side to side
sightseeing
smell
smile
snail
snake charmer
snow
so far
sorry i haven't written for so long

trnak, ivi, ivilemek

Hibir ekilde, asla
Tel ehriye
kuzey
teklif etmek
bir kere, bir zamanlar
organize etmek
tara
sonu
para
gemek
turu
Planlamak, plan
aalandrmak, Tesis, bitki
mmkn
yaynlamak
itelemek, itmek
Yamur yamak, yamur
kaldrmak, Bytmek (ocuk), ykseltmek, artrmak
ulamak
yemek tarifi
konuyla alakali,uygun,ilgili
cevap, yant
sonu
geri dnmek, iade etmek
sa st
yzk, almak
kken, kk
halat
tuzlu
kum
tpl dal
suyosunu
blm
sert,siddetli
barmak,seslenmek
hasta
yan yana
gezi
Koklamak, kokmak, koku
glmseme, Glmsemek, tebessm
salyangoz
Ylan oynatcs
kar
imdiye kadar
kusura bakmayn ben uzun zamandr yazmadm
85

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199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
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220
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222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243

sour
southern
spicy
squeeze
steep
stem
sting
store
storm
strange
stress
stressed
stupid
suddenly
sunburn
surprised
surprising
survive
swarm
sweet
take a course
take care
take place
taste
tasty
technically
thank
theme
then
thick
threaten
threatened
threatening
thrilling
thunder
tie
tired
tiring
title
top
trilogy
trouble
try
twice
unfortunately
unfriendly

Somurtmak, mayho, eki

gney
baharatl
skmak, skmak
dik, sarp
gvde
Batmak, sokmak
maaza, depolamak
kasrga
garip, tuhaf, yabanc, acayip
Sktrmak, vurgulamak
Vurgulanan, vurgulanm
aptal
aniden
gne yan, Gnete yanmak
arm
artc
hayatta kalmak
yn, sr
tatl
Kurs almak
dikkat etmek, kendine iyi bak
meydana gelmek, gereklemek
tatmak, tat
lezzetli
teknik olarak
teekkr etmek
konu, tema
ondan sonra
kaln
tehdit etmek
Tehdit edilmi
Tehdit edici
heyecan verici
gk grlts
kravat(n), balamak(v)
yorgun
yorucu
balk
En yksek, ba, st
l trajedi
aksilik
denemek
iki kere
maalesef, ne yazk ki
dmanca
86

244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254

unluckily
upset
upwards
van
voyage
warmly
warning
way up
wet
what have you been up to
whilst

maalesef, anszlk eseri

zmek, zgn
yukarya
karavan
deniz yolculuu
scak bir ekilde
uyar
yoku yukar yol
Islatmak, slak
Neler yaptn
iken

A2 Unit-3
Can-Could-May-Be able to (-e bilmek) : Yeteneklerden bahsederken can yardmc fiili kullanlr.
Past hali coulddur.
Could ile Be able to anlam olarak ayndr. Fakat kullanl durumlar farkldr.
zel durumlardan bahsederken be able to kullanlr.
Gemi te yaplabilen fakat imdi yaplamayan bir durumdan bahsedilecekse be able to
kullanlr.
Olumlu ve soru cmlelerinde anlam farkll olabilir. Bu yzden hangisini kullanlaca doru
belirlenmelidir. Fakat olumsuz cmlelerde her ikiside kullanlabilir. Anlam farkll yoktur.
Be able to dier tenselere grede ekimlenebilir. be yardmc fiilinin zamanlara gre
ekimlenmesi gerekir (was, were, been)
ki yardmc fiilin yan yana gelmesi durumlarnda can kullanlamaz. Ancak be able to
kullanlmaldr (Gelecek zaman ifadelerinde)
Examples :
May I see your passport : pasaportunuzu grebilirmiyim.
Can I take this smaller one on the plane with me : Bu kk olana uakta yanma alabilirmiyim?
We can arrange for a courier to bring it to you : Onu size gtrmesi iin bir kurye ayarlayabildik.
The good news is that we were able to find your bag : yi haber sizin antanz bulabildik.
Could you put it the conveyor belt : Onu tama bandna koyabilirmsisiniz?
Word Building (Fiilden sim Yapma) :
Prefix (nne eklemek, n ek): Kelimelerin nne gelirler ve genelde ztlk anlam getirirler.
Possible : Mmkn, olanakl
mpossible : mkasz, olanaksz
Legal : Yasal
llegal : Yasad
Honest : Drst
Dishonest : Drst olmayan
87

Suffix ( Sonuna eklemek, son ek) : Kelimelerin sonuna eklenirler.

Verb
Form
Excite
Appear
Explore
Perform

Oluturmak, ekillendirmek
Heyecanlandrmak
Grnmek, belirmek
Kefetmek
Uygulamak, rol yapmak, icra etmek

Noun
Formation
Excitement
Appearance
Exploration
Performance

Oluum
Heyecan
Grnm, grn
Keif
Performans

Prepare
Survive
mprove
Discuss
Communicate
Arrive
Organize

Hazrlamak
Hayatta kalmak
Gelitirmek, gelimek, ilerlemek
Tartmak
Haberlemek
Ulamak, varmak
Organize etmek

Preparation
Survival
mprovement
Discussion
Communication
Arrival
Organization

Hazrlk
Hayatta kalma
Geliim, ilerleme
Tartma
letiim
Varma, var
Kuruu, rgt

Have to-Dont have to-Must-Musnt-Need to-Dont need to-Neednt :

Must: Zorunluluk anlam verir. Zorunluk insann kendisinden kaynaklanr.
She must tidy up her room : O odasna eki dzen vermeli (Kendi kendine zorunluluk)
I must wear a uniform in the school : Okulda niforma giymeliyim.
People must keep quiet when they are in mosque : nsanlar camide olduklarnda susmaldrlar.
Have to / Has to: Zorunluluk anlam verir. Zorunluluk bakalarndan veya baka eylerden
kaynaklanr.
She has to tidy up her room : O odasn toparlamal (Annesi syledi)
You have to wear a uniform in the school : Sen okulda niforma giymelisin (Okul mdr syledi)
People have to keep quiet when they are in mosque : nsanlar camide olduklarnda susmaldrlar.
Need to : Gereklilik anlam verir. Zorunluluk anlam yoktur. Yapmak gerek olarak evrilebilir.
We need to study : almamz gerekiyor.
You need to come here : Buraya gelmen gerekiyor
Musnt : Yasak anlamnda kullanlr. Yasak anlamn sadece musnt verir.
You musnt smoke here : Burada sigara imemelisin.
You musnt come late to the meeting : Grmeye ge gelmemelisin.
You musnt walk on the grasses : imenlerin zerinde yrmemelisin.
Dont have to / Dont need to / Neednt : Yapmana gerek yok anlam verir. Yapmasanda olur.
Kullanm yerleri ayndr.
You dont have to (Dont need to, neednt) clean the windows because they are not dirty :
Pencereleri temizlemene gerek yok nk onlar kirli deil.
She doesnt have to (Dont need to, neednt) go to spermarket because we have some eggs :
Onun spermarkete gitmesine gerek yok, nk biraz yumurtamz var.
88

Didnt have to : Gerek yoktu anlam verir.

Examples :
She has to study English : O ngilizce almal.
She doesnt have to study English : Onun ngilizce almasna gerek yok.
Does she have to study English : O ngilizce almalm.
She didnt have to study English : Onun ngilizce almasna gerek yoktu.
You have to eat them : Onlar yemen gerek.
You dont have to eat them : Onlar yemene gerek yok.
Do you have to eat them : Onlar yemene gerek var m.
Direct and Indirect Questions in English:
1. Aktarlacak soru cmlesinde is/are fiilleri varsa; indirect olarak aktarlrken is/are fiilleri nesneden
sonra gelir.
Direct: Where is Market Street?
Indirect: Could you tell me where Market Street is?
2. Aktarlacak soru cmlesinde do/does/did gibi yardmc filler varsa; ndrect olarak aktarlrken
do/does/did gibi yardmc fiiller kullanlmaz. Soru cmlesi indirect olarak aktarlacaksa bu
yardmc fiiller kaldrlr, onun yerine fiil yardmc fiilin tenseine gre ekimlenir.
Direct : What time does the bank open?
Indirect: Do you know what time the bank opens?
Direct: Why did you move to Europe?
Indirect: I was wondering why you moved to Europe.
Direct: How much does this motorcycle cost?
Indirect: Id like to know how much this motorcycle costs.
3. Aktarlacak soru cmlesinde have /has yardmc fiilleri varsa; indirect olarak aktarlrken bu fiiller
yine kullanlr. Fakat znelerden sonra kullanlr.
Direct: How has he managed to get in shape so quickly?
Indirect: Do you have any idea how he has managed to get in shape so quickly?
4. For direct questions with can, we can use the phrase would it be possible to make it
indirect.
Direct: Can you finish the project by tomorrow?
Indirect: Would it be possible for you to finish the project by tomorrow?
5. Is there any chance is another option for forming indirect questions with can.
89

Direct: Can we change the meeting to Thursday?

Indirect: Is there any chance we could change the meeting to Thursday?
6. Yes/No Direct Questions > If in Indirect Questions
If the direct question is a yes or no question (it has no question word such as what, who, when,
where, why, or how), then the indirect question will have if.
Direct: Does Tom like Italian food?
Indirect: Do you know if Tom likes Italian food?
Direct: Are your parents joining us for dinner?
Indirect: Could you tell me if your parents are joining us for dinner?
Direct: Do they speak English?
Indirect: I was wondering if they speak English.
Direct: Has Barbara ever studied abroad?
Indirect: Do you have any idea if Barbaras ever studied abroad?
Direct: Do you plan on traveling this summer?
Indirect: Id like to know if you plan on traveling this summer.
Examples :
I dont know where the librar is : Ktphanenin nerede olduunu bilmiyorum.
I dont know how I can go there : Oraya nasl gidileceini bilmiyorum.
He asked me how he won going to go there : oo bana oraya nasl gidileceini sordu.
Do you know how you can swim : Nasl yzleceini bilmiyormusun.
He wanted to know If/Whether I know swimming: Benim yzme bilip bilmediimi bilmek istedi.
It isnt important f he knows the question : Soruyu bilip bilmedii nemli deil.
Whether he knows the question isnt important : Soruyu bilip bilmedii nemli deil.
Whether you will come to the meeting is : Toplantya gelip gelmeyecein nemli deil.
It isnt important If/Whether you will come to the meeting : Toplantya gelip gelmeyecein nemli
deil.
Comparative/Sperlatve Adjectives :
Examples :
The phone is the cheapest of all : phone hepsinden ucuzdur.
This chairs are the most comfortable all chairs : Bu sandelye btn sandelyelerin en rahatdr.
As.As (Kadar) : Eitlik bildirir. Not olursa eitlik bozulur.

90

Examples :
My chair isnt as long as hers : Salarm onunkiler kadar uzun deil.
My phone isnt as expensive as yours : Telefonum seninki kadar pahal deil.
My telephone is cheaper than yours : Telefonum seninkinden ucuz.
Your phone is more expensive than mine .: Telefonun benimkinden pahal.
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-3:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

accommodation
air conditioning
aisle seat
ancient
anymore
apologize
appear
appearance
arrange
arrival

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

arrive
as soon as possible
as well as
at last
attract
backpacking
baggage
barrel
basic skills
battery
be allowed to
because of
beginners
belong
board

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

boarding pass
bring
buffet
business center
business trip
calm
campsite
capital
carry on baggage
carve

kalacak yer, konaklama

Klima, havalandrma
Koridor koltuu
ok eski, antika
bundan sonra
zr dilemek
grnmek, belirmek
grn, grnm
ayarlamak,dzenlemek
varma, var, gelme, geli, Var,
varma
ulamak, varmak
en ksa zamanda
yan sra, bunun yan sra
en sonunda
cezbetmek
Srt antal gezi
bagaj
f
temel beceriler
batarya
izin
yznden
yeni balayanlar
Ait olmak (birine)
binmek, Binmek, pano, heyet, pano,
heyet
bini kart
getirmek
yemek bfesi
i merkezi
i gezisi
sakin, Sakinletirmek, sakinlik
kamp
bakent, sermaye
El bagaj
oymak

91

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37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79

maara
Maara kaifi
Gertme, gme
giri yapmak, kayt yaptrmak
ac biber
ahenkle almak, vurmak (saat
balarn)
church
kilise
cliff
uurum
close
kapatmak, yakn
club
kulp
coast
ky
colonial
smrge
colorful
rengrenk
comfortable
rahat
communication
haberleme, iletiim
comparison
kyaslama
complimentary breakfast
cretsiz kahvalt
connection
Balant, ba, iliki
conveyor belt
tama band
cost
mal olmak, maliyet,cret
costly
masrafl
couch
kanepe
countryside
krsal blge
courier
kurye, kargoya vermek
cozy
rahat,keyifli,sicak
crowded
kalabalk
cuisine
mutfak, yemek piirme sanat
daily
gnlk
dangerous
riskli, tehlikeli
deep
derin
definitely
kesinlikle
delay
Gecikmek, geciktirme, Ertelemek,
gecikmek, rtar
departure
kalk
derive
tretmek, den elde etmek-salamak
destination
gidilecek yer, var yeri
develop
gelitirmek
discover
kefetmek
discuss
tartmak
discussion
tartma
dishonest
sahtekar, namussuz, drst olmayan
dos and don'ts
yaplmas ve yaplmamas
gerekenler
east
dou, douya doru
eastern
dou
eat out
darda yemek yemek
cave
caver
caving
check in
chili pepper
chime

92

80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96

equipment
evil eye
evil eye bead
excite
excitement
expect
experienced
explain
exploration
extra
facility
fact
fascinating
feature
first-aid kit
forgettable
form

97
98
99
10

formation
full of
garlic
geographical

10

giant

dev

10

go away

defolup gitmek

10

go on a tour

Geziye gitmek

10

ground

kara

10

grow

bymek

10

handler

eitici, denetimci

10

heading

rota, Balk (Yazlarda)

10

helmet

mifer,balk,kask

10

herbal

bitkisel

11

historic

tarihi

11

huge

dev gibi, kocaman

11

impressive

etkileyici

11

improve

11

improvement

ekipman
nazar, kem gzl
nazar boncuu
heyecanlandrmak
heyecan
ummak
tecrbeli
aklama yapmak
keif
ekstra
Tesis, olanak, kolaylk, yetenek
gerek, Unsur, olay, gerek
byleyici
zellik
ilk yardm antas
unutulabilir
oluturmak, biim, biimlendirmek,
ekillendirmek
oluum
ile Dolu
sarmsak
corafi

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3

gelimek, gelitirmek, ilerlemek,

Gelimek, ilerletmek
Geliim, ilerleme

4
93

iermek,kapsamak

11

include

11

information clerk

11

intonation

tonlama

11

jail

hapishane

11

jungle

orman

12

keep quiet

susmak

12

ladder

merdiven

12

landmark

ehir simgesi, iaret, snr ta

12

let me see

bir dneyim, bir bakaym

12

liberty

zgrlk

12

lively

canl, hayat dolu, elenceli

12

lost

kayp

12

luggage

valiz

12

major

12

manage

13

minimum

minimum

13

mix-up

kariiklik, anlamazlk

13

motel

motel

13

mountain range

da sras

13

narrow

dar

13

natural beauty

doal gzellik

13

nearby

yaknda

13

necessary

gerekli

13

noisy

grltl

13

numerous

saysz

14

organization

rgt, kurulu

14

otherwise

Aksi durum, aksi taktirde

14

out of

dnda

5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Uzmanlamak, Asl, byk, balca,

ana
ynetmek, baarmak

9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1

94

2
14

over

stnde, tepesinde, zerinde

14

panda

panda

14

parking

park

14

passenger

yolcu

14

passport

pasaport

14

pay

demek

14

peaceful

huzurlu, barsever

15

peacock

tavuskuu

15

perform

uygulamak, Rol yapmak, icra etmek

15

permission

msaade, izin

15

physically fit

fiziksel olarak uygun

15

pit

ukur

15

popular

popler

15

prefix

n ek, bana eklemek

15

preparation

hazrlk

15

prepare

hazrlamak

15

price

fiyat

16

protection

koruma

16

province

il

16

public transportation

Toplu tamaclk

16

receptionist

resepsiyonist

16

relate

iliki, balant kurmak

16

related

ilikili

16

rent

Kiralamak, kira

16

rescue

kurtarmak

16

research

aratrma, aratrma yapmak

16

room service

oda servisi

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
95

17

safe

gvenli

17

safety

emniyet

17

scenery

manzara

17

scientist

bilimadam, bilim adam

17

shared

paylalan

17

sight

grnt, manzara

17

sleeping bag

uyku tulumu

17

slippery

kaygan, kayan; aklda kalmas zor

17

smoke

sigara imek, duman

17

souvenir

hediyelik eya, hatra

18

special

zel

18

spectacular

grlmeye deer, muhteem

18

square

meydan

18

state

devlet, eyalet, ifade etmek

18

statue

heykel

18

stone

ta

18

stuff

tktrmak, ey, madde, nesne

18

such as

gibi

18

suffix

sonuna eklemek, sonek

18

suitable

uygun, elverili

19

suitcase

valiz

19

surely

kesinlikle

19

survival

hayatta kalma

19

swimming pool

yzme havuzu

19

take off

19

take part

19

temple

akak, tapnak

19

tent

adr

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4

(uak ile) kalk, karmak,

havalanmak
katlmak

5
6

96

7
19

this time tomorrow

yarn bu saatlerde

19

thrill

heyecan

20

tidy up

eki dzen vermek, toparlanmak

20

tour guide

tur rehberi

20

tourist

Turist

20

try out

denemek

20

tulip

lale

20

unforgettable

unutulmaz

20

unknown

bilinmeyen

20

urban life

ehir yaam

20

vacancy

ak kontenjan, boyer,boluk

20

valley

vadi

21

variety

eitlilik, eit

21

vertical

dikey

21

volcano

volkan

21

waist-high

Bel yksekliinde

21

waste of time

zaman kayb

21

waterfall

elle

21

waterproof

su geirmez

21

west

bati, batya doru

21

western

bat ile ilgili, bat

21

where to stay

Nerede kalnr

22

wonderful

harika

22

worth

deer

22

youth hostel

genlik yurdu

22

zoo

hayvanat bahesi

8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3

97

A2 Unit-4 :
Future Tense (Will) :
Before, After, As soon as, when, Until balalarnn kullanld cmle yaps geni zaman ise, takip
eden cmle de will kullanlmaldr (Type 1 denililir)
I will call you as soon as I get there : Oraya varr varmaz seni arayacam.
As soon as I get there, I will call you : Oraya varr varmaz seni arayacam.
Before I go out, I will do all of my homework : Dar kmadan nce btn devimi yapacam.
As soon as the series finish, I will go to bed : Dizi biter bitmez yataa gideceim.
When my father comes home, we will have dinner : Babam geldii zaman biz akam yemei
yiyeceiz.
I will pay you back as soon as we get at home : Eve varr varmaz sana geri deyeceim.
I will tell you after I buy it : Onu aldktan sonra sana anlatacam.
After Doris goes to the gym She will meet Angela for lunch : le yemeinde Angela ile
grtkten sonra Doris spor salonuna gidecek.
Aye will send some a mails before she leaves the Office : Aye ofisten ayrlmadan nce baz
mailler gnderecek.
Will have to / Will able to / Will:
Will able to : Gelecek zamanla ilgili yeteneklerden bahsederken kullanlr. e bilecek, -a bilecek
anlam verir.
Will have to : Gelecekle ilgili zorunluluk durumlarnda kullanlr. Zorunlu olacak anlam verir.
If you finish your homework at 8:00 pm you will be able to watch your film : Eer devini sekize
kadar bitirirsen, filmini izleyebileceksin.
Lana will have to find place to stay : Lana kalacak yer bulmak zorunda olacak.
Lana will able to see different culture : Lana farkl kltrler grebilecek.

Relative Pronouns (lgi Zamirleri) :

Who : Sfat cmleciinin znesinde ve nesnesinde kullanlr. Sadece insanlarda kullanlr.
I know the man. The man wrote the story
I know the man who wrote the story : Hikayeyi yazan adam tanyorum.
The man is waiting for. He is a writer
The man who is waiting for is a writer : Bekleyen adam bir yazardr.
Whom : nsanlar iin kullanlr. Sfat cmleciinin nesnesi olursa kullanlr. Kendisinden sonra
mutlaka zne alr.
s the man whom you met at the party yesterday :
Im looking fort he man. He is blind
98

Im looking fort he man who is blind.

Which : Cansz varlk ve hayvanlarda kullanlr. Sfat cmleciinin znesi ya da nesnesi olabilir.
The bird which can speak is parrot : Konuan ku papaandr.
Where is the letter which you typed : Senin yazdn mektup nerede?
The current which is very rapit makes the river dengerous : ok hzl aknt nehri tehlikeli yapar.
That : Hepsinin yerine kullanlabilir.
The girl that talk the story was strange : Hikayeyi anlatan kz tuhaft.
Is this the vase that you broke : Bu senin krdn vazomu ?
Examples :
(1) I listened to music (2) It was very good
The music that I listened to was very good
The music which I listened to was very good
The music to which I listened was very good
The music I listened to was very good
(1) I worried about the girl (2) She was my sister
The girl that I worried about was my sister
The girl who I worried about was my sister
The girl about whom I worried was my sister
The girl I worried about is my sister
Whose :
The boy is crying. His father is in hospital.
The boy whose father is in hospital is crying.
Where : n which anlamnda kullanlr. Birletirilecek iki cmlenin yapsna baklr. Eer mantken
ikinci cmleye in getirilebiliyorsa Where balac kullanlr. Getirilemiyorsa Which balac kullanlr.
Eer cmle sonunda in there gibi bir kalp varsa there atlr, in sonda braklr (Yada Which in
nne alnr) ve which balac kullanlr.
(1) Wensleys is a coffe shop (2) Lots collage students socialize in there
Wensleys is a coffe shop in which lots of collage students socialize.
That is restaurant. We held our meetings in there.
That is restaurant in which (where) we held our meetings.
NOT : Cmlelerde zne varsa bu balalar kaldrlp dz bir cmle olarak yazlabilir.
Word Building :
Full : Olumlu anlam katar.
99

Less : Olumsuz anlam katar.

Harmfull Harmless
Carefull Careless
Helpfull Helpless
Usefull Useless
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-4:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

addicted
adult
afford
alert
amount
annoying
as a result
at the time
aviation
barrow
be broke
be short of
bill
bookend
button
by the end of month
by the way
cancel
careless
cash
charge
check
coffee maker
coin
come with
correct
create
crumb
damage
delete
deliver
destroy
digital photo frame
disagree
disappoint
do good
do harm

merakl, baml
yetikin
gc yetmek
uyank, akgz, tetikte olma
miktar
rahatsz edici
sonu olarak
o zamanlarda
havaclk
el arabas
Parasz kalmak
Yetmemek, eksik olmak
Senet, fatura
Kitap destei
dme, dmelemek
ay sonuna kadar
aklima gelmiken,bu arada
iptal etmek
dikkatsiz
pein para
arj etmek
kontrol etmek, adisyon
kahve makinesi
demir para
elik etmek
DORU
yaratmak
krnt
hasara uratmak, hasar, zarar
silmek
teslim etmek
tahrip etmek, imha etmek
dijital fotoraf erevesi
ayn fikirde olmamak
hayal krklna uratmak
iyi gelmek
zarar vermek
100

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83

do without
download
dust
energy
enter
environment
environmentally friendly
even so
example
exist
expert
fail
file
first of all
fit
get tired of
hands free
handy
harmful
harmless
headphone
helpless
here we go
i got it
i'm kidding
image
imagine
in addition
in my opinion
in seconds
install
instead of
invention
item
im broke
im short
just about
last
lastly
lend
lifetime
luxury
machine
make a decision
make a mistake
make a phone call

olmadan idare ermek

indirmek
toz
enerji
giri yapmak
ortam,evre
evre dostu
yle olsa bile
rnek
var olmak
uzman
baarsz olmak
klasr
ilk olarak
formda, uymak
Yorulmak
eller serbest
kullanl
zararl, zararl, kt, muzr
zararsz
kulaklk
aresiz, aciz
ite balyoruz
anladm
aka yapyorum
grnt
hayal etmek
ek olarak
bence
saniyeler iinde
kurmak
-na ramen, yerine
bulu, icat
Madde, eit
be paraszm
Az param var
aa yukar
son, devam etmek
son olarak
bor vermek
mr
lks
makine
karar vermek
Hata yapmak
bir telefon grmesi yapmak
101

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

make a prediction
make mistake
make money
make plan
make sure
non-stop
nowadays
on average
out of order
pay somebody back
personally
plug in
poster
powerful
predict
press
ready for action
receipt
ridiculous
run late
save
save up
series
shut down
sky
sneakers
socialize
software
solar
statement
stuck
succed
succesful
sunset
teapot
tecnology
to begin with
total
trust me
try out
turn on
turn something on
tv set
useful
useless
username

bir tahmin yapmak

hata yapmak
para kazanmak
Plan yapmak
emin olmak
durmadan, srekli
bu gnlerde
ortalama olarak
devre d, arzal, bozuk
Hesabn sormak, detmek
ahsen
fie takmak
afi
gl
ngrmek
bask yapmak, basn, bask
Harekete hazr
makbuz, fi
sama, gln, anlamsz
Ge kalmak
kurtarmak
biriktirmek(para)
dizi
Kapatmak (ekrab vs)
gkyz
spor ayakkab
sosyalletirmek
yazlm
gne
ifade aiklama,deyim
skm
baarmak
baarl
gnein bat
aydanlk
teknoloji
ilk olarak
etmek (toplam)
gven bana
denemek
amak (dmeye basp)
bir eyi amak
tv seti
faydal
faydasz, ie yaramaz
kullanc ad
102

130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137

vacuum cleaner
what a waste of money
what an idea
what is it supposed to be
what is more
wireless
worried about
you are crazy

elektrik sprgesi
Ne israf, ne msriflik
ne fikir ama
ne olacakt.
Bununda tesinde
kablosuz
Endielenmek
sen delisin

A2 Unit-5 :
Phrasal Verbs (Deyimsel Fiiiller) :
You will get over it in about a week: Bir hafta iinde onu atlatacaksn.
Can you give me something to take away the pain : Bana ary ortadan kaldracak bir sey
verirmisiniz.
I have run out of pills : lalarm bitti.
Im afraid she is booked up for he day : Korkarm onun progarm dolu.
Hang on a minute : Bir dakika bekleyin.
Practice
Account for somethink
Act out

Ekkeunt for
samtink
Ekt aut

Add up
Add up to
Aim at
Allow for
Answer back
Ask for
Back up
Back up
Be off
Be over
Be taken aback
Beat up
Blow up
Blow out
Break down

Ed ap
Eda ap tu
Eym et
Alov for
Ensr bek
Esk for
Bek ap
Bek ap
Bi of
Bi ovr
Bi teykn ebek
Biit up
Blov ap
Blov aut
Breyk davn

Break into
Break off
Break out
Break up

Breyk into
Breyk of
Breyk aut
Breyk ap

Aklamak, zah etmek

Canlandrmak(Rol), Haraketle
anlatmak
Matametiksel olarak toplamak
Yekn tutmak
Hedeflemek
Hesaba almak
Kstaha karlk vermek
stemek, aranmak, kanmak
Dorulamak, desteklemek (Kantla)
Yedeini almak, Kopyasn almak
Bozulmak, rmek
Bitmek, sonlanmak
armak
Dvmek, saldrmak
iirmek, patlatmak
Sndrmek, patlamak (Lastik)
Bozulmak (makinalarn veya duygusal
olarak)
Zor kullanarak ieri girmek (bina vs)
Pazarlk, anlama vs. sonlandrmak
Balamak (Sava, Yangn)
Ayrlmak (Sevgili, e, aile, okul vs)

103

nfinitives (Mastarlar) : Mastarlar to verb eklindedir. nfinitive fiiller kendilerinden sonra to

alrlar. nfinitive fiiller aadaki ekillerde kullanlrlar.
1. Too-Enough :
The tea is too hot to drink : ay iemeyecek kadar scak.
I have enough money to buy that : Onu satn alacak kadar param var.
2. To Express Purpose : Ama bildirmek iin kullanlrlar.
I came here to see you : Buraya seni grmek iin geldim.
The doctor gave me a drug to take away the pain : Doktor bana acy ortadan kaldrmak iin bir
ila verdi.
3. After Certain Verbs: Baz belirli fiillerden sonra to kullanlr.
Ask
Beg
Claim
Decide
Expect
Forget*
Hope
Need
Learn
Plan
Prefer
Pretend
Promise
Refuse
Like*
Regret
Remember*
Seem
Try*
Want
Offer

Sormak
Yalvarmak
Talep etmek, iddia etmek
Karar vermek
mit etmek, ummak
Unutmak
Ummak
htiyac olmak
renmek
Plan yapmak
Tercih etmek
Yapar gibi grnmek, numara yapmak
Sz vermek
Reddetmek, geri evirmek
Beenmek
Piman olmak
Hatrlamak
Grnmek
Denemek
stemek
nermek

* Hem to hemde ing eki alabilen fiillerdir. ing eki aldklar zaman anlam deiiklii olur.
I promise not to do that again : Tekrar bunu yapmayacama sz veririm.
I want to go to spermarket : Markete gitmek istiyorum.
I am planning to go fishing this weekend : Bu hafta sonu balk tutmaya gitmeyi planlyorum.
4. W ve Q ile balayan soru cmlelerinde kullanlabilirler.
Can you tell me how I can ( to ) go there : Oraya nasl gidebileceimi bana sylermisin.
She does not know where she can (to) park her car : Arabasn nereye park edeceini bilmiyor.
I do not know what I should (to) do : Ne yapmam gerektiini bilmiyorum.
She told me when she would (to) came : Ne zaman geleceini sylemedi.

104

Bare nfinitive (Yaln Hal) : Yaln halde kullanlan durumlar ifade eder.Fiiller cmlede to veya
ing eki almazlar.
1. Modal : Modallarda sonra gelen fiiller yaln halde kullanlrlar. Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru
cmlelerinin tmnde bu kural geerlidir. Bunlar; can, may, might, will, should, could, would vb.
I can come ..
She may ask ..
They will go ..
He should eat ..
Could you call the doctor : Doktoru ararmsn.
Do you want me to take you to the hospital : Seni hastaneye gtrmemi istermisin.
Can you Show me how to use this printer : Bu yazcy nasl kullanacam bana gsterirmisin.
We should we do : Ne yapmalyz.
2. Ettirgen yaplarda fiiller to veya ing eki almazlar.
Make sb do sth : Birine bir ey yaptrmak
Let sb do sth : Birinin bir ey yapmasna izin vermek
My mother made me do homework all night : Annem bana btn gece ev devi yaptrd.
My father let me go outside : Babam dar gitmeme izin verir.
Gerunds (sim Fiiller) : Gerundlar aadaki ekillerde kullanlrlar.
1. As a subject : zne olarak kullanlaca zaman fiil ing eki alr.
Learning English is important : ngilizce renmek nemlidir.
Fighting is terrible : Kavga etmek ktdr.
Making a fire near a forest is a crazy thing : Bir orman yaknnda ate yakmak lgn bir ey.
2. After Prepositions : Baz edatlardan sonra fiiller ing eki alrlar. Bu edatlar; in, at, on, by,
about, with, of, up vb.
I keen on listening to foreign music : Yabanc mzik dinlemeye ilgim var.
How about lighting a fire : Bir ate yakmaya ne dersin.
3. After Certain Verbs : Baz fiillerden sonra mutlaka ing kullanlmaldr. Kendisinden sonra
gelen fiile ing eki eklenir. Aadaki tabloda gsterilen fiillerden sonra ba fiil kullanlr. Bu
fiillerden bazlar aadadr.
You love listening to hip hop : Sen hip hop dinlemeyi seversin.
Like
Love
Hate
Enjoy
Cant stand
Dislike
Avoid
Consider
Suggest
Keep
Miss
Resent

Beenmek, Sevmek
Sevmek
Nefret etmek
Zevk almak
Dayanamamak, Tahamml edememek
Sevmemek, houna gitmemek
Kanmak, saknmak
Dikkate almak, hesaba katmak
nermek
Tutmak, saklamak
zlemek, karmak
Alnmak, ierlemek
105

Quit
Start
Admit
Delay
Finish
Practise

Brakmak, kmak
Balamak, balatmak
Kabul etmek
Gecikmek, ertelemek
Bitirmek
Altrma yapmak, pratik yapmak

-ing ve to Alan Fiiller : Baz fiiller hem ing hemde to alrlar. ing aki aldklar zaman anlam
deiikliine urarlar.
Forget :
I forgot to do my homework : devimi yapmay unuttum.
I forgot doing my homework : devimi yaptm unuttum.
Remember :
I remembered to do my homework : devimi yapmay hatrladm.
I remembered doing my homework : devimi yapm olduumu hatrladm.
Like :
I like swimming : Yzmekten holanrm.
I would like to swim : Yzmek istiyorum.
Try :
I tried to do my homework : devimi yapmay denedim.
I tried doing my homework : Skldm birde devimi yapaym dedim.
Prepositional Phrases With in :
n my opinion, we should buy a hause in the country : Bence lkede bir ev satn almalyz.
In fact, I used to work in the building across from the city hall : Dorusu belediye binasnn
karsndaki binada alrdm.
What happened in the end : Sonunda ne oldu.
In addition you can find different organizations that help save animals in danger : Ek olarak,
tehlikedeki hayvanlar korumaya yardm edecek farkl rgtler bulabilirsin.
Tony left the house in a hurry : Tony aceleyle evden ayrld.
Light a flare only when you are in danger : Tehlikedeyken sadece bir iaret yak.
My sister and I have nothing in common but amazingly we get along well : Kz kardeim ve
benim oartaklaa bireyimiz yok fakat artc bir ekilde biz iyi anlarz.

106

Kelly did not want to go camping in the beginning but now she is quite excited : Balangta
Kelly kampa gitmek istemedi fakat imdi olduka heyacanl.
NOT : Bu edatlar bala olarak kullanlyorsa (yukardakiler gibi) in ile kullanlrlar. Fakat at
ile kullanlan yaplarda vardr.
At the beginning of the century : Yzyln balangcnda
At the end of the road :Yolun sonunda
A Word of Advice :
Should : Kuvvetli tavsiye niteliindedir. Yapp yapmamak sylenen kiinin insiyatifindedir.
Shoulddan sonra gelen fiilin yaln hali alnr (Bare infinitive).
You should go to doctor : Doktora gitmelisin.
You should take vitamins : Vitamin almalsn.
He should study harder : Daha fazla almal.
She shouldnt come with us : O bizimle gelmemeli.
You shouldnt smooke : Sigara imemelisin.
Should I go to doctor : Doktora gitmelimiyim.
Had Better : Yapsan iyi olur alamnda kullanlr. Uyar niteliindedir.
You had better study hard, otherwise you will not be able to pass the exam : Daha sk
almalsn, aksi taktirde snav geemeyeceksin.
You had better take your umbrella, otherwise youll be wet : emsiyeni almalsn, aksi taktirde
slanacaksn.
You had better not watch TV until late time, otherwise you wont able to wake : Ge saatlere
kadar televizyon izlememelisin, aksi taktirde kalkamayacaksn.
Active and Passive Voice (Aktif ve Edilgen Yap) :
Active Voice : Eer bir cmlede olay yapan (zne) biliniyorsa bu cmle active voice ile kurulan
bir cmledir.
I bought two kilos of apples : ki kilo elma aldm.
Passive Voice : Active cmlenin nesnesi passive cmlenin znesi olur. Nesnesi olmayan bir
active cmle passive yaplamaz. Kime ve ne sorularnn cevaplar nesnelerdir. Bir cmlede bir veya
daha fazla nesne olabilir. Bu durumlarda passive cmleler farkl, farkl kurulabilirler.
Haraketi yapan (eylemi yapan) bilinmiyorsa,
Haraketi yapan (eylemi yapan) belirsiz ve nemsizse,
Yaplan haraket daha nemliyse,
107

Haraketi gerekletiren aklanmak istenmiyorsa cmleler passive yapda kurulur.

NOT : Passive cmlelerde which be veya that be kalib varsa, cmleden bu kalplar atlabilir.
Cmle Yaplar : Passive cmle yaparken to be fiillerinden gerekli olan birini zne ve zaman
durumuna gre seilir (am, is, are, was, were, been). Passive cmlenin zaman active cmlenin
zaman olur.

Examples :
Peter wrote a letter : Peter bir mektup yazd (AV)
A letter was written by Peter: Bir mektup Peter tarafndan yazld (PV)
He broke he the window : O cam krd (AV)
The window was broken by him : Cam onun tarafndan krld (PV)
I bought two kilos of apples : ki kilo elma aldm (AV)
Two kilos of apples were bought : ki kilo elma alnd (PV)
The teacher gave me a pen : retmen bana bir kalem verdi (AV)
First Subject : I was given a pen by the teacher : retmen tarafndan bana bir kalem verildi
(PV)
Second Subejct : A pen was given to me by the teacher : retmen tarafndan bana bir kalem
verildi (PV)
My father bought my little sister a doll : Babam kk kz kardeime bir bebek ald (AV)
First Subject : My little sister was bought a doll by my father : Babam tarafnda kk kz
kardeime bir bebek alnd (PV)
Second Subejct : A doll was bought to my sister a doll by my father : Babam tarafnda kk
kz kardeime bir bebek alnd (PV)
They gave a prize to Aye : Onlar Ayeye bir dl verdiler (AV)
First Subject : Aye was given a prize by them : Aye onlar tarafndan dllendirildi (PV)
Second Subejct : A prize was given to Aye by them : dl onlar tarafndan Ayeye verildi.
Past Tense (Passive Voice) : Dzenli fiillerde fiilin ed eki alm hali, dzensiz fiillerde 3. Hali
kullanlr.
Object + be (was/were) + V3
Old man stole diamonds last week : Yal adam geen hafta elmaslar ald(AV)
Diamonds were stolen by old man last week : Elmaslar geen hafta yal adam tarafndan
alnd (PV)
She barrowed some money from her friend : O arkadandan biraz para bor ald (AV)
Some money was barrowed from her friend : Biraz para onun arkadandan bor alnd (PV)
The waiter murdered the dedective : Garson dedektifi ldrd (AV)
The dedective was murdered by the waiter : Dedektif garson tarafndan ldrld (PV)

108

Past Cont. Tense (Passive Voice) : Dzenli fiillerde fiilin ed eki alm hal, dzensiz fiillerde 3.
Hali kullanlr.
Object + be (was / were) + being + V3
They were learning English in the high school : Onlar lisede ngilizce reniyorlad (AV)
English was being learnt by them in the high school : nglizce lisede onlar tarafndan
reniliyordu (PV)
Simple Present Tense (Passive Voice) :
Object + be (am, is, are) + V3
They learn English in high school : Onlar lisede ngilizce renirler (AV)
English is learnt by them in high school : ngilizce onlar tarafndan lisede renilir (PV)
People grow cotton in Adana : nsanlar Adanada pamuk yetitirirler (AV)
Cotton is grown in Adana by people : Pamuk Adanada insanlar tarafndan yetitirilir (PV)
Simple Present Cont Tense (Passive Voice) :
Object + be (am, is, are) + being + V3
They are learning English n high school : Onlar lisede ngilizce reniyorlar (AV)
English is being learnt in hig school by them : nglizce lisede onlar tarafndan reniliyor.
Future Tense (Passive Voice) :
Object + will + be + V3
They will learn English in high school : Onlar lisede ngilizce renecekler (AV)
English will be learnt in high school : nglizce lisede renilecek (PV)
Be Going To Yaps (Passive Voice) :
Object + be going to + be + V3
My sister is going to buy book from bookshop : Kz kardeim kitapdan kitap alacak (AV)
Book is going to be bought from bookshop by my sister : Kitap kz kardeim tarafndan
kitapdan satn alnacak (PV)
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-5:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

a flock of
a number of
advice
advise
agoraphobia
allergy
almost
ambulance
annoyed
anxiety
anxiously wait

bir eyin srs

Bir takm, bir ka
tavsiye
t vermek, nasihat etmek, tavsiye etmek (v)
ak alan fobisi
allerji
hemen hemen
ambulans
kzgn, sinirlenmi
kaygi,endise
endieyle beklemek
109

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

apologize
arachnophobia
ask
audience
available
avoid
be booked up
be on fire
beat
beg
bell
bones
brake
bump into
burn
certain
chores
city hall
claim
claustrophobia
collapse
completely
consider

35
36
37
38
39
40
41

control
convenient
couch
cough
crash
crew
deal with

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

decide
deep breath
dental phobia
derail
determine
development
die
dislike
drive somebody up
the wall
drugstore
embarrassed
embarrassing
emotional
engine

zr dilemek
rmcek fobisi
sormak
seyirciler
msait
kanmak
Program dolu olmak, yer kalmamak
Yanmak
Dayak atmak, yenmek, dvmek
yalvarmak,dilenmek
Zil, an
iskelet
fren yapmak, fren
toslamak, arpmak, rastlamak
yanmak,yakmak
mutlak, kesin, belirli
Ev ileri
Belediye
iddia etmek
klostrofobi
kmek, knt
btnyle, tamamen
dnmek, dikkate almak, gz nnde bulundurmak
denetlemek, kontrol etmek
kullanl, elverili, uygun
kanepe
ksrmek, ksrk
kaza, arpmak, arpmak
tayfa,mrettebat
ele almak,zmek, ilgilenmek, megul olmak, uramak,
deinmek
karar vermek
Derin nefes
di hekimi korkusu
raydan karmak
tanmlamak-belirlemek
gelime
lmek
holanmamak
ldrtmak, deli etmek
eczane
mahup, utanga, sklgan
utandrc
duygusal
motor
110

74
75

enjoy
examine
except
expect
fellow student
fence
fever
field
fire department
firefighter
flag
flare
fluid
focus on
foghorn
forget
furious
get on somebody's
nerves
get out
get over

76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99

get rest
go red as a beet
government
grab
gun
hate
have a cold
hope
hurt
idiom
ilness
imply
in a hurry
in addition
in common
in danger
in fact
in my opinion
in the beginning
in the end
injure
intercity
keen
keen on

56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

tadn karmak, zevk almak

muayene etmek, incelemek, yoklamak, tefti
Dnda, haricinde
ummak
okul arkada
it
ate
saha, tarla
itfaiye
itfaiyeci
bayrak
iaret
Sv, akc, akkan
odaklanmak
sis dd
unutmak
ok fkeli, gz dnm
Sinirlerini bozmak
defol veya kmak
atlatmak, iyilemek, Atlatmak, stesinden gelmek
Dinlenmek
Kzarp bozarmak
hkmet
yakalamak
silah
nefret etmek
souk almak, grip olmak
umut, mit etmek
Acmak, incitmek, kalbini krmak
deyim
hastalk
ima etmek
alel acele
ek olarak
ortaklaa
tehlikede
dorusu, aslnda
bence
balangta, banda
sonunda
yaralamak, incitmek, zarar vermek
ehirleraras
Hevesli olmak, dkn olmak, istekli
ilgili olmak, merakl olmak
111

100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143

keep
lamp post
laugh one's head off
learn
lie down
light
like
location
love
make a fool of
oneself
make an appointment
medication
miles per hour
miracle
miss
missing
mnemonic
move out
movement
nearby
nearly jump out of
one's skin
need
not believe one's
eyes
notice
offer
on one's own
opposite direction
overall
pain
pain reliever
panic
patient
perhaps
phobia
physical activity
pill
plan
popcorn
prefer
prescribe
prescription
presentation
promise
psychologist

tutmak, muhafaza etmek, saklamak

lamba direi
Katlarak glmek
renmek
yatmak,uzanmak
hafif, ak renkli, k, Ik vermek
beenmek
Mevki, konum, yer
sevmek
kendini aptal durumuna drmek
randevu almak
ila tedavisi
Mil/saat
mucize
zlemek, yakalayamamak, Karmak, zlemek
zlem, eksik
hatrlatc ipucu
tanmak (dar kmak)
hareket
yaknda
d kopmak
ihtiyac olmak
Gzlerine inanamamak
dikkat etmek, farkna varmak, farketmek
teklif etmek
Kendi kendine, tek bana
Zt yn, aksi yn
genel
ac
ar kesici
panik
hasta, sabrl, hasta
muhtemelen
fobi
fiziksel aktivite
hap
plan yapmak, Planlamak, plan
patlam msr
tercih etmek
reete yazmak
reete
sunum
sz vermek
psikolog
112

144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189

public speaking
pull
put out
quit
reduce stress
refuse
regret
remember
remind
rescue
resent
robber
run out of
runny nose
sailor
schedule
seem
shallow
sheep
ship
signal
simple
sink
sip
situational
skid
smoke
sneeze
sore throat
sound
spill
stand for
start
suffer
suffer from
suggest
surround
survivor
sweat
symptom
take away
tip
touch
track
tracks
tragedy

topluluk nnde konuma

ekmek
sndrmek
ayrlmak, brakmak, sona ermek
stresi azaltmak
reddetmek
piman olmak
hatrlamak
hatrlatmak
kurtarmak
alnmak
soyguncu
bitmek, tkenmek
burun aknts
Gemici, denizci
Program, plan
gibi grnmek, Grnmek, gzkmek
s, derin olmayan
koyun
gemi
Sinyal vermek, iaret, sinyal
basit
lavabo, batmak
Yudumlamak, yudum
Duruma bal, durumsal
kzak yapma (araba)
sigara imek, duman
haprma, haprmak
boaz ars
ses
dkmek
temsil etmek
balamak
ac ekmek
den muzdarip olmak
nermek
evrelemek
hayatta kalan
ter, terlemek
belirti, semptom
gtrmek, ortadan kaldrmak
bahi, ipucu
dokunmak
rota, takip etmek-iz srmek
para
facia
113

190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197

treatment
try
turn off
upside down
visual
vitamin
want
wave

198
199

whisper
within minutes

tedavi
denemek
kapamak
ba aa
grsel
vitamin
istemek
Dalgalanmak, el sallamak,dalga, El sallamak, dalgalanmak,
dalga
fsldamak, dedikodu yapmak
birka dakika iinde

A2 Unit-6 :
May / Might / Could :
Bu modallar ihtimal belirtirler. Cmle ierisinde yaklak ayn anlam verirler. May ve Might u an ve
gelecekte yaplabilir eylerle ilgili ihtimal belirmek iin kullanlrla. Could ise ounlukla gemile
ilgili ihtimal belirtmek iin kullanlr. May ve might not ile birlikte kullanlrsa yaplan iin u an ve
gelecekte olma ihtimali olmadn belirtir.
I can take your book : Kitabn alabilirim.
I might cook : Yemek yapabilirim.
She could drive a car : O araba srebilir.
Conditional Sentences Type 0 :
Kural-1 : If den sonra kurulan cmle present tense ise, ikinci cmle de present tense ile kurulur.
Bu durumda ikinci cmle ihtimal belirtmez. Her zaman yaplan bir durum olur.
If + Simple Present Tense + Subject + Simple Present Tense
If I am late, my father leave me to the school : Eer ge kalrsam babam beni okula brakr (Her
zaman brakr)
Conditional Sentences Type 1 :
Kural-1 : If den sonra kurulan cmle present tense ise, ikinci cmle will, may, might, could, have
to, must, should, had better v.b modallar ile kurulur.
If + Simple present Tense + Subject+ will-may-might-could-have to-must-should-had better + Verb
If you want to pass the exam, you should study harder : Eer snav gemek istiyorsan daha ok
almalsn.
If my father lets me, I can go out : Eer babam izin verirse dar gidebilirim.
If I pass the school, my father will buy a bike for me : Eer okulu geersem, babam benim iin bir
bisiklet alacak.
If the weather is good, we may go swimming : Eer hava iyi olursa, biz yzmeye gidebiliriz.
If you wake up early, you will be able to swim with the sharks before breakfast : Eer erken
kalkarsan, kahvaltdan nce kpek balklar ile yzebileceksin.
114

Kural-2 : If den sonra kurulan cmle present tense ise, ikinci cmle emir cmlesi olabilir.
If + Simple Present tense + Subject + mperatice Sentence
If you want to pass the exam, study harder : Eer snav gemek istiyorsan, ok al.
So / Too : Olumlu cmle yaplarnda bende, bizde, oda anlam verirler.
NOT : So ile kurulan cmlede ilk cmlenin yaps nemlidir. Yardmc fiil ve esas fiilin zamanna
gre So ile balayan cmle yeniden kurulur. lk cmlenin yaps neyse, so ile kurulan cmlenin
yaps ve zaman da ayn olur. Eer ilk cmlede modal varsa, dier cmle de ayn modal ile
kurulur.
A : I am a teacher : Ben bir retmenim.
B : I am a teacher, too : Bende bir retmenim.
B : I am also a teacher : Bende bir retmenim.
B : So am I : Bende bir retmenim.

A : I want to be a doctor : Ben doktor olmak istiyorum.

B : My brother wants to be a doctor, too : Erkek kardeimde doktor olmak istiyor.
B : So does he : Erkek kardeimde doktor olmak istiyor.

A : They came early yesterday : Onlar dn erken geldiler.

B : We came early yesterday, too : Bizde dn erken geldik.
B : So did we : Bizde dn erken geldik.

A : My cat can swim : Benim kedim yzebilir.

B : Mine can swim, too : Benimki de yzebilir.
B : So can mine : Benimki de yzebilir.

Either / Neither : Olumsuz cmle yaplarnda bende, bizde, oda anlam verirler.
NOT : Neither ile kurulan cmlede ilk cmlenin yaps nemlidir. Yardmc fiil ve esas fiilin
zamanna gre Neither ile balayan cmle yeniden kurulur. lk cmlenin yaps neyse, neither ile
kurulan cmlenin yaps ve zaman da ayn olur. Eer ilk cmlede modal varsa, dier cmle de
ayn modal ile kurulur. Neither cmlede devrikli yaratr. Zaten olumsuz anlam olduundan, yeni
kurulan cmlede not kullanlmaz.
A : I am not a teacher : Ben bir retmen deilim.
B : I am not a teacher, either : Bende retmen deilim.
B : Neither am I : Ben de retmen deilim.

115

A : My sister doesnt like the parties : Kz kardeim partileri sevmez.

B : I dont like the parties, either : Bende partileri sevmem.
B : Neither do I : Bende partileri sevmem.

A : I cant run fast : Ben hzl koamam.

B : I cant run fast, too : Bende hzl koamam.
B : Neither can I : Bende hzl koamam.
Present Perfect Prograssive Tense :
Cmle Yaps : Subject + have/has + been+ Ving
Gemite balayp imdiki zamanda hala devam eden eylemler ile ilgili cmle kurarken bu tense
kullanlr. Present Perfect Tense gemite balayp etkisi hala devam eden ilerle ilgili iken bu
tensede olay hala devam etmektedir.
My father has been repearing the car. So his hands are greasy : Babam arabay tamir ediyor. Bu
yzden elleri yal.
My mother is in the kitchen. Because she has been making five cakes : Annem mutfakta. nk o
be tane kek yapyor.
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-6:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

action film
action packed
alternatively
applaud
based on
bowling alley
change one's mind
check into

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

check out of
cheer on
depend on
details
ending
give something up
kayaking
kick
leading actor
log on
movie review
on offer
on sale
parasailing
percent

aksiyon filmi
Heyacanl
alternatif olarak
alklamak
Bal olarak, temel alnarak
bovling alan
fikrini deitirmek
Bir yere giri yapmak, kayt
yaptrmak
Hesab keserek ayrlmak
Tevik etmek, yreklendirmek
bal olmak
ayrntlar
Biti, son
bir eyler ver
kayak
Tekmelemek, tepmek, tekme
Barol oyuncu
Oturum amak
Film eletirisi
satlk
satlk
parasailing
yzde
116

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

participant
romantic comedy
ruins
sell out
senior citizen
special effects
speedboat
take revenge
taxi stand
theme park
tourist attraction
villain
acting
aerobics
amaze
amusing
appeal

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54

aquarium
artistic
atmosphere
backstage
baseball
biography
book
bowling
boxing
bring back
cast
catch
chance
check out

55
56

circus
come across

57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

costume
court
creature
crime drama
death
difference
direct
director
disappoint
discount
do aerobics

Katlmc
romantik komedi
Kalnt, kalntlar
Satmak, elden karmak
kdemli vatanda
zel efektler
srat teknesi
intikam almak
taksi dura
elence park
turistik cazibe
kt adam
Aktrlk, oyun
aerobik
artmak
elenceli
Bavurmak, cazip gelmek,
cazibe
akvaryum
sanatsal
atmosfer
kulis, sahne arkas, perde arkas
beysbol
zgemi, biyografi
kitap, yer ayrmak
bovling
Boks, kutulama
Geri getirmek, hatrlatmak
Dkmek, dkm, Rol dalm
yakalamak
ans
Bir yerden ayrlmak, otelden
ayrlmak
sirk
rastgelmek,
karlamak,rastlamak
kostm
Mahkeme, kort
yaratk
su dramas
lm
fark
dorudan, ynetmek
ynetici
hayal krklna uratmak
indirim
Aerobik yapmak
117

68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107

do karate
do water sports
dolphin
drama club
dribble
drop
entertain
entertainment
excellent
facility
final
gather
gethering
go skiing
go swimming
go windsurfing
golf
hilarious
hit
imaginary
in advance
indoor
let down
line
lounge
main
monotonous
move
movie critic
murder
normal
opportunity
original
outdoor
participate
pass
play game
play in the finals
play volleyball
plot

108
109
110
111
112

produce
put on
realistic
recommend
rehearse

karate yapmak
Su sporlar yapmak
Yunus bal
tiyatro kulb
top srmek
Dmek, drmek,damla
elendirmek
elence
mkemmel
Tesis, olanak, kolaylk, yetenek
son, nihai
toplanmak
Toplanma
Kayak yapmaya gitmek
Yzmeye gitmek
Rzgar srf yapmaya gitmek
golf
neeli
arpmak, vurmak
hayali
nceden, pein
kapal alan
hayal krklna uratmak
Sra, kuyruk, izgi, hat
ezlong, divan, salon
ana, temel
monotonluk
hareket etmek
film eletirmeni
ldrmek
normal
imkan,frsat,olanak
Orjinal, zgn
Ak alan
katlmak
gemek
oyun oynamak
finalde oynamak
Voleybol oynamak
komplo, hikayenin konusu,
anafikir
retmek
giyinmek, giymek
gereki
nermek
prova yapmak
118

113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141

responsible
ride
run
scene
scenery
scissors
score
sea urchin
seal
set
shark
shoot
skating ring
stage
star
stingray
strap
success
swing
tale
the rest of
throw
tour
track and field
train station
travel agency
travel agent
violent
wrist

sorumlu
binmek
komak
sahne
manzara
makas
skor, puan
deniz kestanesi
Mhrlemek, mhr
kurmak, ayarlamak
kpekbal
Ate etmek, ut, vuru
Buz pateni pisti
sahne
Barol oynamak, yldz
Dikenli tr iri vatoz
kay, Kays, kemer
baar
Salncakta sallanmak, sallamak
yk
geri kalan
Frlatmak, atmak, at
Gezmek, gezi, tur
atletizm
tren istasyonu
seyahat acentesi
seyahat acentesi
iddetli
el bilei

A2 Unit-7
Tag Questions (Eklenti Sorular) : Cmlelere deilmi anlam vermek iin kullanlan yaplara
denilir. lk cmle eer olumlu ise Tag question ksmnda cmlenin zaman durumuna gre yardmc
fiilin ya da madallarn olumsuz yaplar kullanlr. Cmle yaps olumsuz ise Tag Question ksmnda
olumsuzlar alnr.
NOT : Olumsuzluk belirten kelimeler ile kurulan cmlelerde tag question cmlesi olumlu ekilde
yaplr. (Never, hardly, seldom, rarely)
Nothing can stop us, can It ? : Bizi hibirey durduramaz deilmi?
I never get up late, do I ? : Ben hi ge kalkmam deilmi?
Be :
(+) You are an engineer, arent you ? : Sen bir mhendissin deilmi?
119

(-) You arent an agineer, are you ? : Sen bir mhendis deilsin deilmi?
(+) He is a writer, isnt he ? : O bir yazar deilmi?
(-) He isnt a writer, is he ? : O bir yazar deil deilmi?
NOT : I am yaps olumlu cmlelerde tag question yaparken arent olarak deiir. Olumsuz
cmlelerde I am not yaps tag question yaparken -am I olarak kullanlr.
(+) I am a teacher, arent I ? : Ben bir retmenim deilmi?
(-) I am not a teacher, am I ? : Ben bir retmen deilim deilmi?
Simple Present Tense :
(+) She knows English, doesnt she ? : O nglizce biliyor deilmi?
(-) She doesnt know English ? : O ngilizce bilmiyor deilmi?
(+) You get up late, dont you ? : Sen ge kalkarsn deilmi?
(-) You dont get up late ? : Sen ge kalkmazsn deilmi?
Simple Present Continuous Tense :
(+) I am swimming well, arent I ? : Ben iyi yzyorum deilmi?
(-) I am not wsimming well, am I ? : Ben iyi yzmyorum deilmi?
(+) We are working hard, arent we ? : Biz sk alyoruz deilmi?
(-) We are not working hard, are we ? : Biz sk almyoruz deilmi?
Simple Past Tense :
(+) You saw her yesterday, didnt you ? : Onu dn grdn deilmi?
(-) You didnt see her yesterday, did you ? : Onu dn grmedin deilmi?
(+) I answered the question, didnt I ? : Soruyu cevapladm deilmi?
(-) I didnt answer the question, did I ? : Soruyu cevaplamadm deilmi?
Simple Past Continuous Tense :
I was listening, wasnt I ? : Dinliyordum deilmi?
They were walking, werent they ? : Onlar konuuyorlard deilmi?
Past be :
I was sick yesterday, wasnt I ? : Dn hastaydm deilmi?
She was tired, wasnt she : O yorgundu deilmi?

Simple Present Perfect Tense :

You have finished your homework, havent you ? devini bitirdin deilmi?
Simple Present Perfect Prograssive Tense :
120

He has been sleeping, hasnt she ? : O uyuyor deilmi?

Future Tense (Will):
She will work, wont she : O alacak deilmi?
You wont come tomorrow, wiil you ? : Sen yarn gelmeyeceksin deilmi?
Future Tense (Be going to):
She is going to work, isnt she ? : O almayacak deilmi?
I am going to come, arent I ? : Geleceim deilmi?
Modals :
Ali can help us, cant Ali ? : Ali bize yardm edebilir deilmi?
We must be quick, musnt we ? : Acele etmeliyiz deilmi?
NOT : Have to ve had to ile tag question cmlesi yaplrken, have to geni zaman gibi dnlr
(do, does ile kurulu) , had to ise gemi zaman gibi dnlr (did ile kurulu).
You have to eat less, dont you ? : Az yemelisin deilmi?
You had to eat less, didnt you ? : Az yemeliydin deilmi?
mperative Sentences (Emir Cmleleri): Tag question yaplrken -you ile tamamlanr. stek, rica
anlam verir. Emir cmlesi olumsuz ise will you ile tamamlanr.
Be quick, can you (cant you, will you, wont you, would you, could you)
Dont shout, will you ?
Exclamatory Sentences (nlem Cmleleri) :
How / So : Kendilerinden sonra sfat ve zarf ile cmle kurulur.
How pleasant !
So beautiful !
What / Such : Kendilerinden sonra sfat tamlamas ile cmle kurulur.
What a beautiful day, Such a beautiful girls
Clauses Of Result (Sonu Tmceleri) :
So that (yle ..ki) : Sodan sonra sfat ve zarf gelir. Thatden sonra zne ile balayan
bir cmle varsa that cmleden atlabilir.
This book is so intersting that (Sfat) I can read it several times : Kitap yle ilginki, onu birka kez
okuyabilirim.
The girl is so beautiful that (Sfat) many men are in love her : Kz o kadar gzelki bir ok erkek ona
ak.
He speaks so fast that I (Zarf) cant understand him : O o kadar hzl konuuyorki, ben onu
anlayamyorum.
Such that (yle ..ki) : Suchdan sonra sfat tamlamas gelir.
121

She such a beautiful girl that many men are in love her : O kadar gzel bir kz ki, bir ok erkek ona
ak.
It was such a cold water that I couldnt drink it : Su o kadar souktu ki iemedim.
They are such beautiful pants that I want to buy them : Onlar o kadar gzel pantoonlar ki, onlar
satn almak istiyorum.
Reflexive Pronouns (Dnl Zamirler) :

Myself

Herself

Yourself

Itself

Yourselves

Ourselves

Himself

Themselves

I bought a dress myself

She was talking to herself
The man killed himself
The man himself killed
We painted the hause by ourselves : Evi kendimiz boyadk (Hi kisenin yardm olmadan)
I did my all homework by my self : Btn devimi kendim yaptm (Hi kisenin yardm olmadan)
NOT : Eer eylemi yapan kiiye vurgu yaplmak isteniyorsa, reflexive pronounslar zneden hemen
sonra getirlir.
Past Perfect Tense (Mili Gemi Zaman) :
Subject + had + V3
NOT : Gemite yaplan iki eylem arasnda kyaslama yaplrken kullanlr.
I had finished my homework before my father came home : Babam eve gelmeden nce ev devimi
bitirmitim.
Before she left home, she had done breakfast : O evden ayrlmadan nce kahvaltsn yapmt.
After he had lost two million liras, he gave up gamling : ki milyo kaybettikten sonra o kumar
brakt.
Before he lost two million liras, he had given up gamlibg : ki milyon kaybetmeden nce o kumar
brakmt.
Before they came, we had eaten dinner : Onlar eve gelmeden nce biz akam yemei yemitik.
After we had eaten dinner, they came : Akam yemei yedikten sonra onlar geldiler.
He sais that he had cleaned his room : Evini temizlediini syledi.

122

After we had said our problem to the teacher, he gave us some good advice : retmene
problemimizi syledikten sonra o bize baz iyi tler verdi.
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-7:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

advanced
atm
available upon request
bank teller
be fired
collegue
comission
computer literate
construction worker
criticize
currency exchange office
driver's licence
dry cleaner's
exhausting
face to face
factory
fluent in
get used to
in the middle of
incorrect
intensive
in general
knowledge of
latest
lifeguard
make a deposit
paramedic
people skills
perk
personal skills
pin
ping-pong
practical work
previous experience
put up with
rescue squad
resume
sign up
slightly
well organized
white-water rafting
zookeper

gelimi
ATM
Istenildiinde sunulacaktr
banka memuru
kovulmak
i arkada
komisyon
bilgisayar kullanabilir kimse
inaat iisi
eletirmek
Dviz Brosu
src belgesi
Kuru temizlemeci dkkan
yorucu
yz yze
fabrika
akc
Almak, alkanlk haline getirmek
ortasnda
hatal
youn
genel olarak
bilgi
en son
cankurtaran
para yatrmak
yardmc salk hizmeti veren kii
insani beceriler
Neelenmek, yan gelir
kiisel beceriler
ifre (bankaclk)
Masa Tenisi
pratik alma
nceki deneyim
tahamml etmek
kurtarma ekibi
zgemi, srdrmek
kaydolmak, yazlmak
hafifce,cok az , biraz
Iyi dzenlenmi
rafting
hayvan bakcs
123

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70

advertise
altogether
annual
applicant
apply for
as for
assistant
attend
autodidact
bank account
bonus
break
brochure
by the time
calculus
call center representative
cameraman
career
cashback
cast
certificate
charge
chase
company
complaint
complete
condition
consider

71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87

constitution
correct
credit card
culture
customer
day off
debit card
degree
delivery
deposit
disgusting
dream
education
employee
employer
envelope
eventually

reklm yapmak
hep beraber
yllk
aday
Bavurmak, aday olmak
-a gelince
asistan, yardmc
katlmak
kendini yetitiren
banka hesab
ikramiye
ara
bror
-inceye kadar, -d zaman
hesap,analiz
ar merkezi mteri temsilcisi
kameraman
kariyer
Nakit para st
Dkmek, dkm, Rol dalm
belge
arj etmek
kovalamak, takip etmek, izlemek(n,v)
irket
sulama, ikayet
tamamlamak ( tam , eksiksiz )
artlandrmak, durum, koul
dnmek, dikkate almak, gz
nnde bulundurmak
anayasa
doru, dzeltmek
kredi kart
kltr
mteri
izin gn
banka kart
diploma
teslimat, datm
para yatrmak
iren, iren, tiksindirici, berbat
hayal etmek
eitim
ii
iveren
zarf
sonunda, eninde sonunda
124

88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129

exchange
exit
fee
feed
firm
free of charge
gardening
get fired
glad
gourmet
greasy
guest
head for
hesitate
hire
horrible
hospitable
hospitality
illiterate
in charge of
inform
interest
interest rate
interests
intermediate
involve
journalist
literate
manager
media
newscaster
online banking
outing
overtime
painter
pastry
penguin
piece
pleasant
plot
plumber
present

130
131
132

quit
rate
reference

dei toku
k
har cret bahi
beslemek
irket
masrafsz
bahvanlk
kovulmak
memnun
gurme
yal
konuk
ynelmek
tereddd etmek
kiralamak; ie almak
berbat
misafirperver
misafirperverlik
Okur yazar deil, eitimsiz, cahil
-den sorumlu
bilgilendirmek
Ilgi, ilgilendirmek, faiz
faiz oran
ilgi alanlar
Orta seviye
yol amak, kapsamak
gazeteci
Okur yazar kimse, eitimli
ynetici
basn,medya,ortam
haber spikeri
internet bankacl
gezinti
fazla mesai
boyac, ressam
hamur ii, pasta, pastaclk
penguen
parca
ho, gzel, zevkli
komplo, hikayenin konusu, anafikir
tesisat
Takdim etmek, armaan, imdiki
zaman
ayrlmak, brakmak, sona ermek
oran
referans
125

133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147

refuse
remind
reserve
salary
satisfaction
satisfy
serve
session
staff
study
swallow
treat
university
unpleasant
upset

148
149
150

various
what's taking so long
withdraw

151

yoga

reddetmek
hatrlatmak
rezerve ettirmek
maa
memnuniyet
tatmin etmek
hizmet etmek, sunmak
dnem
personel
ders almak
yutmak,kirlangic
Davranmak, ikram
niversite
ho olmayan
zmek, zgn, Keyfini karmak,
zmek,zgn
eitli
Neden bu kadar uzun srd
geri almak, geri ekmek, para
ekmek
yoga

A2 Unit-8
Reporter Speech (Yasin Domurcuk):
REPORTED SPEECH
Birinin syledii szn baka birine aktarlmasn 2 yolu vardr. Bunlar;
-

Direct Speech ( Dolaysz Anlatm)

Indirect Speech (Dolayl Anlatm)

DRECT SPEECH
Konumacnn sylediklerinin konumacnn kelimeleri ile ( ) trnak iinde deitirilmeden
aktarlmasdr.
He said, I love Mary (O Mary i seviyorum
dedi)

Yukardaki cmlede konumacnn szlerini bize aktaran kelime said dir. Bu tr kelimelere
ngilizce de Reporting Verb denir.

Direct Speech de aktarc fiil (Reporting Verb) den sonra virgl konur ve aktarlan szler
trnak iinde yazlr.
She said, Im very happy (O ok mutluyum dedi)
He said, Im coming (O geliyorum dedi)
126

Direct Speech de Reporting Verb cmle sonunda da kullanlabilir.

Im coming to Ankara tonight Tom said ( Bu akam Ankaraya gidiyorum dedi Tom.)

Veya
Im coming to Ankara tonight said Tom ( Bu akam Ankaraya gidiyorum dedi Tom.)
Reporting Verbs
Reporting verb lerden en sk kullanlanlar;
Emir cmlelerinde

: tell ve order

Dz cmlelerde
Soru cmlelerinde

: say, tell ve ask

: ask, want to know ve wonder

*** Say, kime sylenildii belirtmeden kullanlabilir. Tell, her zaman personal object alr; yani kime
sylendii belirtilir
Dier Reporting Verb ler
Say

: Sylemek

Tell

: Sylemek, anlatmak

Whisper

: Fsldamak

Report

: Bildirmek, rapor etmek

Wonder

: Merak etmek

Ask

: Sormak, stemek

Want to know

: renmek istemek

Order

: Emretmek

Complain

: ikayet etmek

Explain

: Aklamak

Object

: tiraz etmek

Add

: Eklemek

Admit

: Kabul etmek

Announce

: Anons etmek, duyurmak

Assure

: Temin etmek

Boast

: vnmek

Deny

: nkar etmek

Grumble

: Homurdanmak

Observe

: Gzlemlemek

Promise

: Sz vermek

Remark

: Belirtmek

Remind

: Hatrlamak

Reply

: Cevap vermek

Murmur

: Mrldanmak, sylenmek

Mutter

: Sylenmek
127

Point out

: Belirtmek, aklamak

Protest

: Protesto etmek

Shout

: Barmak

Stammer

: Kekelemek

INDRECT SPEECH
Birinin sylediklerinin doru anlam konumacnn kelimeleri ile dier ahslara iletilir.
Direct Speech

Mary said, Im hungry

Indirect Speech

Mary said that she was hungry

Indirect speech de Reporting verb den sonra virgl gelmez

Trnak iareti kullanlmaz.

Direct Speech i Indirect Speech e evirirken sz syleyen ile sz aktaran kiiler farkl
olduundan ahs zamirlerinde zorunlu deiiklikler gzlenir.

AHIS ZAMRLER
Personal Pronuns
I
Ben
You
Sen
He
O
She
O
It
O
We
Biz
You
Siz
They
Onlar

MLKYET SIFATI
Possesive Adjective
My
Benim
Your
Senin
His
Onun
Her
Onun
Its
Onun
Our
Bizim
Your
Sizin
Their
Onlarn

NESNEL ZAMRLER
Object Pronouns
Me
Beni, bana
You
Seni, sana
Him
Onu, ona
Her
Onu, ona
It
Onu, ona
Us
Bizi, bize
You
Sizi, size
Them
Onlar, onlara

John

: I love my job.

Tim (to us)

: Tim says that he loves his job

Burada;

I He

Susan

: I cut myself

Bill (to us)

: Susan said that she cut herself

Burada;

I She

My His

MLKYET ZAMR
Possesive Pronouns
Mine
Benimki
Yours
Seninki
His
Onunki
Hers
Onunki
Its
Onunki
Ours
Bizimki
Yours
Sizinki
Theirs
Onlarnki

YANSIMA ZAMR
Reflexive Pronouns
Myself
Kendim
Yourself
Kendin
Himself
Kendisi
Herself
Kendisi
Itself
Kendisi
Ourselves
Kendimiz
Yorselves
Kendiniz
Themselves
Kendileri

dnm olmutur.

Myself Herself

dnm olmutur.

Kiinin azndan kan cmledeki ikinci ahs zamirleri sz kime sylenmise o kiinin
ahs zamirleri haline dnr.

Oktay

: I know your name.

Can (to you) : Oktay told Leyla that he knew her name.
128

George

: You can do it yourself, Mary.

Michael (to us)

: George told Mary that she could do it herself

DRECT SPEECH N INDRECT SPEECH E DNTRLMES

Direct veya Indirect Speech de cmleleri yaplarna gre drt ana balk altnda toplayabiliriz.
Bunlar;
1.
2.
3.
4.

Dz Cmleler (Statements)
Emir ve Rica Cmleleri ( Imperatives / Request)
Evet/Hayr Sorular (Yes/No Question)
Soru Kelimeleriyle Sorular (Question with Question Words)

1- DZ CMLELER (STATEMENTS)
Bir konuma hala devam ediyorsa,
Bir mektubu, bir metni okuyor ve ne sylediini aktaryorsak,
Bir talimat, aklamay veya tarifi okuyup aktaryorsak,
Birine sk sk tekrarlad bir eyi sylyorsak

Aktarc fiil (reporting verb);

Present Simple

He says .

Present Continuous He saying

Present Perfect

He has said ..

Present Perfect Cont. He has been saying

Kullanlr.

*** Reporting verb yukardaki tenslerden biriyle veya Future Tense olarak kullanlyorsa
aktarlan cmlenin zamannda deime olmaz.
-

Im very ill
He says (that) hes very ill

(Present simple)

Hes saying (that) hes very ill

(Present Continuous)

He has said (that) hes very ill

(Present Perfect)

He has been saying (that) hes very ill

(Present Continuous)

He will say (that) hes very ill

(Future Tense)

Were very late

They say (that) theyre very late

(Present simple)

Theyre saying (that) theyre very late

(Present Continuous)

They have said (that) theyre very late

(Present Perfect)

They have been saying (that) hes very late

(Present Continuous)

129

They will say (that) theys very late

(Future Tense)

*** Indirect Speech lerde that balac kullanm opsiyoneldir.

*** Indirect Speech ounlukla gemi zamanda bir aktarc fiil (reporting verb) ile birlikte aktarlr.
Bu durumda aktarlan cmlenin zaman genellikle deiir ve bir adm geri (one step back) gidilerek
bir gemi tense evrilir.
ncelikle ngilizcedeki Tenslere bir gz atalm.

SMPLE TENSES

ENSES

ZAMAN ADI

ZNE
I
He

Simple Present Tense

Geni Zaman

Simple DIRECT
Past Tense

Di' li Gemi Zaman

SPEECH

PRESENT TENSE

Plansz Gelecek Zaman

Simple PRESENT
Future Tense

SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE

Planl Gelecek Zaman

PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSES

PERFECT TENSES

CONTINUOUS TENSES

Do/Does + V1 Did + V1

V1 V2

He said, I write a letter

Y. FL

ASIL FL
work
V1
works
V1 + s

I
INDIRECT
SPEECH
worked
He

I
He
I
You
He

V2

will

work

V1

am going to
are going to
is going to

work

V1

ANLAM
Ben alrm
O alr
Ben aldm (gemite kald, bitti)
O alt
Ben alacam
O alacak
Ben alacam
Sen alacaksn
O alacak

PresentBir
Continuous
Tense
mektup
yazarmimdiki
dediZaman

He
he wrote a letter.
I said (that)
am
Ben alyorum
working
You
are
Mektup yazdn
sylediV1+ ing Sen alyorsun
He
is
O alyor

He said,
he
Past Continuous
Tense

I
He
You

does not
like computer
Gemite
Srekli Zaman
O bilgisayar sevmez dedi

Future Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Gelecekte Devam Eden Zaman

Yakn Gemi Zaman
(Etki s i ha l a deva m eder)

was
Ben alyordum
said (that)
heworking
did notV1like
+ ing computer.
were
Sen alyordun
Onun bilgisayar sevmediini syledi

I
You

will be

working

V1 + ing

I
He

have
has

worked

V3

Ben aldm (yorguluu devam ediyor)

O alt (srt hala terli)

had

worked

V3

Ben almtm
O almt

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

I

Past Perfect Tense

Mi' li Gemi Zaman

Am/is + Ving Was + Ving

Are + Ving Were + Ving

Future Perfect Tense

Gelecekte Bitmi Zaman

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(Gemite balayp hala devam eden

eylemler)

She said, I am washing my clothes

Elbiselerimi ykyorum
dedi
Yakn Gemite Srekli Zaman

They said, we are enjoying the weather

Past Perfect
Continuous
Tense karyoruz
Mi' li Gemite
Srekli Zaman
Havann
keyfini
dediler
Sregelen Gelecek ncesi Zaman
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

He

(-den beri ya pyor ol a ca m ma na s

veri r.)

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

Ben alyor olacam

Sen alyor olacak

Ben alm olacam

will have
worked
V3
She
her olacak
clothes.
He said (that) she was washing
O alm
Elbiselerini ykyor olduunu syledi
I

have been

working

V1 + ing

Ben almaktaym

He
has been
O almakta
They
said
(that) they were enjoying
the weather.
I
Ben almaktaydm
had
been
working
V1
+
ing
Havann keyfini karyor olduklarn sylediler
He
I

O almaktayd

will have been working

V1 + ing

He

Ben almakta olacam

O almakta olacak

Have/has had
He said, I have started a job
e baladm dedi

He said (that) he had started a job.

e balam olduunu syledi

I said, she has eaten the meal

O yemek yedi dedim

I said (that) she had eaten the meal.

Onun yemek yemi olduunu syledim

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

130

Have/has been had been

He said, I have been studying since 3 Oclock
Saat 3 den beri almaktaym dedi
She said, It has been raining for three days.
gndr yamur yayor dedi

DIRECT SPEECH

He said (that) he had been studying since 3

Oclock.
Saat 3den beri altn syledi
She said (that) it had been raining for three
days.
gndr yamur yadn syledi

INDIRECT SPEECH

PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
V2 had+V3

didnt + V1 had + V3

John said, they went to cinema

Onlar sinemaya gitti dedi John
He said, I made a table
Ben bir masa yaptm dedi
She said, I didnt buy a car
Bir araba satn almadm dedi

John said (that) they had gone to cinema.

John, (onlarn) sinemaya gitmi olduklarn
syledi
He said (that) he had made a table.
Masa yapm olduunu syledi
She said (that) she had not bought a car.
Bir araba satn almam olduunu syledi

PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

was / were + V1+ing had been + V1+ing
They said, we were enjoying the weather
Havann keyfini karyorduk dediler

They said (that) they had been enjoying.

Havann keyfini karmakta olduklarn sylediler

He said to me, I was waiting for you

Seni bekliyordum dedi bana

He said to me (that) he had been waiting for me.

Bana, beni beklemekte olduunu syledi

Ali said I was writing a letter.

Ali Bir mektup yazyordum dedi

Ali said (that) he had been writing a letter.

Ali bir mektup yazmakta olduunu syledi.

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT (tense does not change)

She said, She had visited a doctor
Doktoru ziyaret etmiti dedi

She said that (that) she had visited a doctor.

Onun doktoru ziyaret etmi olduunu syledi

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He said, I had started a business

e balamtm dedi

He said that (that) he had started a business.

e balam olduunu syledi

They said, we had not gone to New York.

New York a gitmi deiliz dediler

They said (that) they had not gone to New York.

New York a gitmi olmadklarn sylediler

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
will + V1 would + V1
He said, I will write a letter
Bir mektup yazacam dedi

He said (that) he would write a letter.

Bir mektup yazacan syledi

They said to me, we will send you gifts

Bana Sana hediyeler gndereceiz dediler.

They said to me (that) they would send me gifts.

Bana, bana hediye gndereceklerini sylediler

I said, I will not take the exam

Ben snava girmeyeceim dedim.

I said (that) I would not take the exam.

Ben snava girmeyeceimi syledim.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

will be + V1+ ing would be + V1 + ing
I said to him, I will be waiting for you
Ben ona seni bekliyor olacam dedim

I said to him (that) I would be waiting for him.

Ben ona onu bekliyor olacam syledim.

He said, I will be working hard

Sk alyor olacam dedi

He said (that) he would be working hard.

Sk alyor olacan syledi

He said, he will not be flying kite

Uurtma uuruyor olmayacam dedi

He said (that) he would not be flying kites.

Uurtma uuruyor olmayacan syledi

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

will have + V3 would have + V3
He said, I will have finished the work
i bitirmi olacam dedi

He said (that) he would have finished the work.

i bitirmi olacan syledi

She said, they will have passed the

examination
Onlar snav gemi olacaklar dedi

She said (that) they would have passed the

examination.
Snav gemi olacaklarn syledi

He said, I will have gone

Ben gitmi olacam dedi

He said (that) he would have gone.

Gitmi olacan syledi
132

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

MODAL VERBS (Deienler)

CAN
Can Could
I can swim very well. my father said.

My father said (that) he could swim very well.

Babam ok iyi yzebilirim dedi

Babam ok iyi yzebildiini syledi

He said, "I can come tonight."

He said (that) he could come that night.

Bu akam gelebilirim dedi

Bu akam gelebileceini syledi

MAY
May Might
He said, "I may buy a new car."
Yeni bir araba satn alabilirim dedi

He said (that) he might buy a new car.

Yeni bir araba alabileceini syledi

Ali said, "I may swim."

Ali said that he might swim.

Ali Ben yzebilirim dedi

Ali yzebileceini syledi

MUST
Must Had to
He said, "I must give Ken a call."

He said (that) he had to give Ken a call.

Keni aramalym dedi

Keni aramas gerektiini syledi

He said, I must work hard.

ok almalym dedi

He said (that) he had to work hard.

ok almas gerektiini syledi.

HAVE TO
Have to Had to
He said, "I have to give Ken a call."

He said (that) he had to give Ken a call.

Ken i aramak zorundaym dedi

Ken i aramak zorunda olduunu syledi

He said, I have to work hard.

He said (that) he had to work hard.

Sk almak zorundaym dedi

Sk almak zorunda olduunu syledi

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DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

MODAL VERBS (Deimeyenler)

WOULD
He said, I would like to see the upcoming

He said (that) he would like to see the

upcoming movies
movies
Yaknda kacak filmleri grmek istediini
Yaknda kacak filmleri grmek isterim dedi
syledi.

COULD
He said, I could run faster

He said (that) he could run faster.

Daha hzl koabilirdim dedi

Daha hzl koabileceini syledi

MGHT
He said, "I might go to Denver."

He said (that) he might go to Denver.

Denver a gidebilirim dedi

Denver a gidebileceini syledi

SHOULD
He said, "I should see a doctor"
Doktora grnmeliyim dedi

He said (that) he should see a doctor.

Doktora grnmesi gerektiini syledi

OUGHT TO
She said, I ought to be more careful.
Daha dikkatli olmam lazm dedi

She said (that) she ought to be more careful.

Daha dikkatli olmas gerektiini syledi

Direct Speech in Indirect Speech e Dnmnde Yer, Zaman ve aret Zarf/Sfatlarndaki

Deiiklikler
Yukarda Direct Speech in Indirect Speech e Dnmnde sahiplik sfatlarnda deiiklik
olduunu grmtk. Ayn deiiklik yer, zaman ve iaret sfatlar iinde geerlidir. yle ki;
Aye, "ben dn oynadm." demi ise, bunu aktarrken, Aye nceki gn kendisinin
oynadn syledi, eklinde syleriz.
Aye, bize, "siz dn oynadnz." demi ise, bunu aktarrken, Aye, nceki gn bizim
oynadmz syledi, eklinde syleriz.
imdi aadaki cmlede deienlere bir gz atalm.

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DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

Aye said, "My mother is here now"

Aye said that her mother was there then

Aye Annem imdi burada dedi

Aye annesinin o zaman orada olduunu syledi

Burada
Aye, "my" (benim) demiti, sz aktaran kii, "her" (onun) eklinde aktaracaktr.
Aye, "here" (burada) demiti, sz aktaran kii, "there" (orada) eklinde aktaracaktr.
Aye, "now" (imdi) demiti, sz aktaran kii, "then" (o zaman) eklinde aktaracaktr.
Aktarma kelimesi "said" (syledi) gemi zamanda olduundan, "is" kelimesi "was" eklini
alacaktr.

Aadaki tabloda deiiklie urayan zarf ve sfatlarn listesi verilmitir.

aret Sfatlar
DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

this

that / the

these

those / the

John said; I like this city."

John, Bu ehri seviyorum dedi.

John said that he liked that city.

John o ehri sevdiini syledi.

This ve That Zamir Olarak Kullanlrsa

this

it

these

they / them

He said, This was good

Bu gzeldi dedi

He said that it was good

Onun gzel olduunu syledi

Olayn Yeri ve Yn Deimise

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

here

there

go

Come

come

go

bring

take

Olayn Zaman Deimise

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH
135

now

then / that time

today / tonight

that day / that night

this week

that week

yesterday

the day before

the day before yesterday

two days before

last week

the previous week / the week before

tomorrow

the next day / the following day

the day after tomorrow

in two days time

next

the following

next Sunday

the following Sunday

Sally said that she had seen Tom there the day
before

Sally said, I saw Tom here yesterday.

Sally, Dn burada Tom u grdm dedi.

Sally bir gn nce arada Tom u grm

olduunu syledi

They said, We have to study hard next

week.

They said that they had to study hard the

following week

nmzdeki hafta sk almak zorundayz

dediler

Ertesi hafta sk almak zorunda olduklarn

sylediler

2- EMR / RCA CMLELER (IMPERATIVES / REQUEST)

Emir Cmleleri
Gel! , Git! , Otur! , Kalk! , Kapy a! Gibi karmzdaki kiiden bir ey yapmasn istediimizde
kullandmz cmlelere emir cmlesi (imperatives) denir. Emir cmleleri her zaman bir fiil ile
balar.
Get away!

: Defol!

Stop!

: Dur!

Sit down!

: Otur!

Run away!

: Ka!

Hold up your hands : Ellerini kaldr!

Shut the door!

: Kapy kapat!

*** Emir cmleleri aktarlrken to + V1 yaps kullanlr.

*** Olumsuz bir emir cmlesi ise not to + V1 yaps kullanlr.
Emir cmlelerinde aktarc fiil olarak genellikle aadakiler kullanlr ve kime hitap edildii belirtilir.
136

Tell

: sylemek

Order

: emretmek

Command

: emretmek

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

She said, Open the door!

O Kapy a! dedi

She told me to open the door.

Bana kapy amam syledi

They said, Close the window, John!

Onlar John kapy kapat dediler.

They told John to close the window.

John a pencereyi kapatmasn sylediler.

He said, Don't open the door.

O Kapy ama dedi.

He told me not to open the door.

Kapy amamam syledi.

They said, Don't close the window, Mary.

Onlar, "Pencereyi kapatma Mary," dediler.

They told Mary not to close the window.

Mary'ye pencereyi kapamamasn sylediler.

The teacher said, Stand-up

retmen Ayaa kalk dedi

The teacher ordered me to stand-up.

retmen ayaa kalkmam emretti.

Rica, stek ve Tavsiye Cmleleri

*** Emir cmleleri aktarlrken to + V1 yaps kullanlr.
*** Olumsuz bir emir cmlesi ise not to + V1 yaps kullanlr.
Emir cmlelerinde aktarc fiil olarak genellikle aadakiler kullanlr ve kime hitap edildii
belirtilir.

Ask

: rica etmek, istemek

Request

: rica etmek

Advise

Want

: stemek

: tavsiye etmek

Warn

: uyarmak

Invite

: davet etmek

Encourage : tevik etmek,

cesaretlendirmek
Persuade

: ikna etmek

Allow

: izin vermek

Remind
Beg

: hatrlatmak
: yalvarmak
137

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH
The teacher asked me to stand-up.
retmen ayaa kalkmam istedi.

The teacher said, Stand-up

retmen Ayaa kalk dedi

The teacher requested me to stand-up.

retmen ayaa kalkmam rica etti.
The teacher wanted me to stand-up.
retmen ayaa kalkmam istedi.

Ali said, Dont go

Ali Gitme dedi.

Ali wanted me to not go.

Ali gitmememi istedi.

If I were you, I would buy a new one, he said.

Yerinde olsam yeni bir tane alrdm dedi.

He advised me to buy a new one.

Yeni bir tane almam tavsiye etti.

She said Would you like to come to my party, Peter? She invited Peter to her party
Peter partime gelmek ister misin? dedi.
Peter I partisine davet etti.

3- YES/NO SORU CMLELER (YES/NO QUESTIONS)

Yardmc fiil ile balayan sorulara verilen cevaplar her zaman Yes veya No ile balayaca iin bu
tr sorulara YES/NO Questions denir.
Bu tr soru cmleleri Indirect Speech e evrilirken;

Dz anlatmdaki trnak kaldrldnda, trnan kaldrld cmlenin

bana "if" yada "whether" kelimesi konur,

Cmlenin bandaki yardmc fiil, zneden sonra ve fiilden nce olacak ekilde yer deitirilir,
("can you go"..., cmlesi "you can go"... ) halinde getirilir,

"zne", "yardmc fiil", gerekiyorsa fiil, zaman, yer vb. kelimeler, sz aktaran kiiye gre
deitirilir. Hangi tense in, hangi tense e dntrlebileceinin ezberlenmesi
gerekmektedir.

Bu tr sorular aktarlrken, aktarma kelimesi,

Said

: syledi

Asked

: sordu

Wanted to know

: bilmek istedi

Wondered

: merak etti

Vb. eklinde uygun bir aktarma kelimesine dntrlr.

138

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

Ali said, Can you swim?

Ali Yzebiliyor musun dedi

Ali asked If I could swim (or not)

Ali yzp yzemeyeceimi sordu.
Ali asked whether I could swim (or not)
Ali yzp yzemeyeceimi sordu.

Ali says, Can you swim?

Ali Yzebiliyor musun der.

Ali asks If I can swim (or not)

Ali yzp yzemeyeceimi sorar.

Were you frightened? he said.

Korktun mu dedi

He wondered If I had been frightened.

Korkup korkmadm merak etti.

Did anybody go there? he said.

Oraya kimse gitti mi? dedi

He asked whether anybody had gone there.

Oraya kimsenin gidip gitmediini sordu

Will you call me tonight? he said.

Bu gece beni arayacak msn? dedi

He asked whether I would call him that night.

Oraya kimsenin gidip gitmediini sordu

4- SORU KELMELER LE SORU CMLELER (QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS)

Dz anlatmdaki trnak kaldrldnda, cmlenin banda bulunan soru kelimesi, "what, where,
when, why, what time, which, how, how many, how much, how often, how old, ...etc." yerinde
braklr.

Soru kelimesini takip eden yardmc fiil, zneden sonra ve fiilden nce olacak ekilde yer
deitirilir,
(rnein "what can you do"..., cmlesi "what you can do"... ) halinde getirilir. "zne",
"yardmc fiil", gerekiyorsa fiil, zaman, yer vb. kelimeler, sz aktaran kiiye gre deitirilir.
Hangi tense in, hangi tense e dntrlebileceinin ezberlenmesi gerekmektedir.

Bu tr sorular aktarlrken, en ok kullanlan aktarma kelimeleri aada verilmitir.

Said

: syledi

Asked

: sordu

Wanted to know

: bilmek istedi

Wondered

: merak etti

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

Mary asked, Where have you been to,

Stephan?
Mary Nerelerdeydin Stephan diye sordu.

Mary asked Stephan where he had been to.

Mary Stephan a nerede olduunu sordu.

Sue said, How are you?

Sue Naslsn dedi.

Sue asked how I was

Sue nasl olduumu sordu.

Why are you angry? Tark said.

Niin kzgnsn dedi Tark

Tark wondered why I was angry.

Tark niin kzgn olduumu merak etti.

Dave asked the writer When did you write your Dave asked the writer when he had written
his first novel.
first novel?
139

Dave yazar a lk romannz ne zaman yazdnz Dave yazar a ilk romann ne zaman
diye sordu
yazdn sordu.
The teacher asked Bill What are you studying? The teacher asked Bill what he was studying.
retmen Bill e Ne alyorsun? diye sordu.
retmen Bill e ne altn sordu
The teacher asked me What is your name?
retmen bana Adn ne? diye sordu.

The teacher asked me what my name was.

retmen bana admn ne olduunu sordu.

Say / Tell fiillerinin kullanm

Dolayl anlatmda en sk kullanlan iki fiil say ve tell fiilleridir.
Eer konutuumuz kiiyi cmlede belirtiyorsak tell, belirtmiyorsak say kullanlr:
He told me that he would come soon.
Yaknda geleceini bana syledi. (= Bana syledii belirtiliyor.)
He said that he would come soon.
Yaknda geleceini syledi. (= Kime syledii belirtilmiyor.)
Say fiili, cmlede kii belirtilince kullanlabilir. Ancak bu durumda to almaldr:
He said to me that he would come soon.
Yaknda geleceini bana syledi.
ZAMAN DEKLNE GEREK DUYULMAYAN DURUMLAR
1. Aktarlan cmle eer iinde bulunulan anda da hl geerli ise, zaman deiiklii
yaplmasa da olur:
Direct Speech

: Philip said I live in London.

Indirect Speech

: Philip said (that) he lives in London.

(Philip, Londrada yaadn syledi.)

Cmlenin giri eylemi gemi zamanda (said) olmasna ramen, aktarlan ksmda ( he lives in
London)deiiklik yaplmamtr. nk her iki cmlenin sylenmesi srasnda Philip Londrada
yaamaktadr.
2. Be fiili her zaman the past perfect tense e dnmeyebilir:
Direct Speech

: He said I was at home.

Indirect Speech

: He said (that) he was at home.

(Evde olduunu syledi.)

3. Koul cmleciklerinin (if clauses) 2. ve 3. trleri (type 2 & 3), zaman deiikliine
uramazlar:
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Direct Speech

: He said If I were rich, I would buy that car.

Indirect Speech

: He said that if he were rich he would buy that car.

(Zengin olsa o arabay alacan syledi.)

4. The simple past tense ile anlatlan, zellikle tarihte yaanm olaylar, dolayl anlatmda
zaman deiikliine uramazlar:
Direct Speech

: The teacher said The Second World War broke out in 1939.

Indirect Speech

: The teacher said (that) the Second World War broke out in 1939.

(retmen, kinci Dnya Savann 1939da ktn syledi.)

Direct Speech

: He said Atatrk was born in 1881.

Indirect Speech

: He said (that) Atatrk was born in 1881.

(Atatrkn 1881de doduunu syledi.)

5. Ataszleri, nl kiilere ait zdeyiler ya da deimeyen gerekler zaman deiikliine
uramazlar:
Direct Speech

: Everybody said A good education is important.

Indirect Speech

: Everybody said (that) a good education is important.

(Herkes, iyi bir eitimin nemli olduunu syledi.)

Direct Speech

: The scientist said Man cannot live without water.

Indirect Speech

: The scientist said (that) man cannot live without water.

(Bilim adam, insanolunun susuz yaayamayacan syledi.)

6. The simple past tense ve the past continuous tense ile kurulmu cmlelerde
eer when ya da while ile balanm cmlecikler varsa, bu cmleler zaman deiikliine
uramazlar:
Direct Speech

: He said I was having breakfast when you phoned me.

Indirect Speech

: He said that he was having breakfast when I phoned him.

(Ona telefon ettiimde kahvalt ettiini syledi.)

Direct Speech

: He said We ran out of petrol while we were approaching Adapazar.

141

Indirect Speech
: He said that they ran out of petrol while they were
approaching Adapazar.
(Adapazarna yaklarlarken benzinlerinin bittiini syledi.)

Conditional Sentences:
Type 0 (Olduunda olur ) :
Bu tip anlatmda if (eer) manasndan ziyade (her ne zaman, her ne vakit) manalarnda gibi
kullanlmaktadr. Bu tr anlatmda kesin ve kurallam durumlar ifade edilir. Gerek if clause ve
gerekse main clausedaki cmleciklerin zaman simple present tensetedir.
If it rains, the ground gets wet : Yamur yadnda yer slanr
The bell rings if you push this button: Bu dmeye bastnzda zil alar
If you touch fire, your hands gets burnt : Atee dokunursanz, eliniz yanar
If you heat metal, it expands : Metali strsanz genleir
Type 1 ( olursa, olur / olacak ) :
Bu tr anlatmda if clause, ihtimal halinde olan ( yani gerekleecei veya gereklemeyecei
kesin deil fakat ihtimal halinde olan ) durumlar ifade etmede kullanlr. Gelecekle ilgili
durumlardan bahsedilirken kullanlr.
If clause present tense; main clause ise will / shall future, modals, (may, can, etc.) veya imperative
( emir cmleleridir).
If it rains, we will stay at home and sleep till noon: Eer yamur yaarsa, evde kalr ve leye
kadar uyuruz / uyuyacaz
If you lend him some money, you may not get it back: Eer ona para verirsen, geri alamayabilirsin
If my mother has prepared the meal. Ill have my dinner: Eer annem yemei hazrlamsa, akam
yemeimi yerim
Can you tell him to come home if you see him :Onu grrsen, eve gelmesini syleyebilir misin
You will fail if you dont study : almazsan snfta kalrsn
If he comes, take him upstairs : Gelirse st kata kar
If they are still sleeping, tell them that they are fired : Eer hala uyuyorlarsa onlara kovulduklarn
syle
Should in type 1
htimal hali olduka uzak olan durumlarda if clasue de should kullanlr. Shouldun yerine by any
chance da kullanlabilir.
If you should see Mr Fix in Istanbul, give him my regards : stanbulda Mr. Fix i grecek olursan,
selamlarm syle
If a war should break out, I may emigrate to Saudi Arabia : Bir sava kacak olursa, Suudi
Arabistana g edebilirim
If the enemy by any change attack this village, the villagers will counterattack them: Eer dman
bu kye saldracak olursa, kyller kar saldrda bulunacaklar

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Inversion in type 1
Should baa getirildii zaman if kullanlmaz. Ancak bu, daha resmi bir kullanm eklidir ve daha
ok i mektuplarnda ve resmi yazlarda kullanlr, gnlk konumada kullanlmaz.
Should you see Mr. Fix in Istanbul, give me my regards : stanbulda Mr Fixi grecek olursan
selamlarm syle
Should a war break out, I may emigrate to Saudi Arabia: Eer bir sava kacak olursa, Suudi
Arabistana g edebilirim
Should the enemy attack this village the villagers will counter-attack them : Eer dman bu kye
saldracak olursa, kyller kar saldrda bulunacaklar
Will and would in type 1
Normal olarak if li cmlelerde ifin bulunduu ksmda yani yan cmlecikte will veya would
kullanlmaz. AncakType 1 de eer willi ( kabul etmek), ( raz olmak ), (istekli olmak), (ltufta
bulunmak), ( nezaketini gstermek ) ve ( sakncas yoksa ) = ( wouldnt mind ) anlamnda
kullanrsak Type 1de ifli ksmda will veya would kullanabiliriz.
If you will lend me 500 dollars, I will be able to buy that car: Eer bana 500 dolar bor verme
ltfunda bulunursanz o arabay alabileceim
If you will help me, Ill finish this in time: Eer bana yardm ederseniz, yardm etme ltfunda
bulunursanz bunu zamannda bitiririm
We shall understand the subject better if you would be kind enough to explain in a little bit more :
Eer biraz daha izah etme nezaketinde bulunursanz konuyu daha iyi anlayacaz
If you wouldnt mind opening the window we may have more fresh air :Eer pencereyi aarsanz
daha fazla temiz hava alabiliriz
Alternatives in type 1
If clause ksmnda if clause yerine imperative ( emir cmleleri ) kullanld zaman da cmlenin
anlam deimez.
Keep the windows closed at night and you wont get ill : Gece pencereleri kapal tutarsan
hastalanmazsn
Keep the windows closet at night or you will get ill :Gece pencereleri kapal tut yoksa hastalanrsn

- Type 1 de if li ksmda normalde simple present tense kullanld yazmtk. Baz

durumlarda present continuous tense, present perfect tense ve present perfect continuous
tense de kullanlabilir.
If he is still sleeping, I will sack him :Eer hala uyuyorsa onu kovacam
If she has typed the letter, Ill post it : Eer mektubu daktilo etmise postalayacam
If you have been working since 9 oclock, youll need a rest :Saat 9dan beri alyorsan
dinlenmeye ihtiyacn olacak
- Daha nce ana cmlede yani ifin olmad cmlede; modal (may, can, must, vs.)
kullanlabileceini yazmtk. If clause da ise bu modallardan can ve must kullanlr.
If I must go there, I will : Eer oraya gitmek zorundaysam, gideceim
If I can find him, I will talk to him : Eer onu bulabilirsem onunla konuacam
143

Type 2 ( olsa, olur ) :

Bu tr anlatmda if clause, konuma anndaki hayali durumlar izah etmede kullanlr. htimal pay
yoktur, sadece cmleyi syleyen kiinin o ana ait hayali ve farazi dnceleri izah edilmektedir.
imdiki zaman ve geni zamanla ilgili durumlardan bahsedilirken kullanlr. Fiilin gemi zamanda
olmas sizi yanltmamaldr.
Bahsedilen olayn olma ihtimali ya ok azdr veya hi yoktur ama zaman henz gememitir. If
clause, past clause main clause ise would / should, could, might, etc. dir.
If it rained, we would stay at home and sleep till noon :Bir yamur yasa, evde kalr ve leye
kadar uyuruz / uyurduk
If you didnt inform him, he couldnt get out of trouble:Eer uyarmazsan, ba beladan kurtulmaz.)
We might finish the work on time if they helped us :Eer bize yardm etseler ii zamannda
bitirebiliriz
Was / were ; he, she, it ve I ile kullanlabilirler. Fakat were daha yaygn kullanlan ekildir.
If I were you, I would go to university and be a doctor :Yerinde olsam niversiyete gider ve doktor
olurum / olurdum
If she were ( was ) a man, she might protect her family :Eer erkek olsa, ailesini koruyabilir
Were to ( by any change ) in type 2
If clause ksmnda were to kullanmak mmkndr. Bu anlatmda da yine farazi bir dnce ve
konuma anyla ilgili hayal vardr.
Buradaki were to nun kullanm Type 1 deki should un kullanm biiminin benzer halidir. Burada da
were to nun yerine by any change gelebilir.
Bu tip kullanmda gelecee dair uzak ihtimal sz konusudur ve hayalde kalmaktadr.

If it were to rain, we would stay a home and sleep till noon: Eer yamur yaacak olsa, evde kalr
ve leye kadar uyuruz / uyurduk
If you were to Mr. Fix in Istanbul, could you give him my regards: Eer Mr Fixi stanbulda grecek
olsanz, selamm syler misiniz
The villagers would counter-attack them if the enemy by any change attacked this village:Eer
dman bu kye saldracak olsa, kyller kar saldrda bulunurlard

Inversion in type 2
Were baa getirildii zaman yine if kullanmaz. Bu kalp da ancak resmi yazlarda kullanlr.

Were they to sell the company, we would buy it: irketi satsalar biz alrz / alrdk
Were I him, I would accept their offer: Onun yerinde olsam onlarn teklifini kabul ederim / ederim
Were he to resign, I would resign too : O istifa etse ben de ederim / ederdim

Would in type 2
Daha nce Type 1 de if clause da will kullanmnn baz artlarda mmkn olduunu grmtk.
Yine ayn artlarla Type 2 de if clause da would kullanlabilir. Yani would u ( raz olmak, kabul
etmek, istekli olmak, ltufta bulunmak, nezaketini gstermek) anlamnda kullanrsak if clause da
would kullanabiliriz.
If you would carry my suitcases, Id be grateful to you: (Eer bavullarm tama nezaketini
gsterirseniz size minnettar olurum
144

If you would cook the meal, I would wash the dishes: Eer sen yemei piirmeyi kabul edersen ben
de bulaklar ykarm

Alternatives in type 2
Type 2 de main clause da could, should, might gibi modallarn kullanldn grmtk. If clause
da ise could u kullanabiliriz.
If I could speak Spanish, I would work in Spain: Eer spanyolca konuabilsem spanyada
alrm / alrdm

If clause da simple past tense yerine bazen past continuous tense de kullanlabilir.
If he were coming with us, we would be much more cheerful now :Eer o bizimle geliyor olsa imdi
ok daha neeli olurduk

Main clauseda modallarn continuous eklini kullanmak da mmkndr.

If they were here, we would be playing football now :Onlar burada olsa imdi futbol oynuyor
olurduk

If meaning since : Since anlamnda if

Bir de since ( madem ki ) anlamnda kullanlan if vardr. Bu tam olarak bir art cmlesi saylmaz.
Bu anlamdaki if li cmlelerde deiik zamanlar kullanlr. Gemi zaman kullanldnda gemi
zaman anlam verir.
If you lost your passport why didnt you go to the polie : Mademki pasaportunu kaybettin, niye
polise gitmedin
If you knew his telephone number why didnt you call him : Mademki onun telefon numarasn
biliyordun niye onu aramadn

Type 3 ( olsayd, olurdu )

Bu tr anlatmda if clause, gemite kalm, tamamlanm durumlar hakkndaki hayali konumalar
ifade etmektedir. If clause, past perfect tense main clause ise would have, could have, might have
etc. dir. Main clause da fiil 3. haldedir.
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home and slept till noon :Eer dn yamur
yasayd evde kalr ve leye kadar uyurduk
If you hadnt informed him, he couldnt have gotten out of trouble: Eer uyarmasaydn ba beladan
kurtulmazd
We might have finished the work on time if they had helped us last week: Eer geen hafta bize
yardm etselerdi ii zamannda bitirebilirdik
Were to have in type 3
Pek yaygn olmasa da had yerine were to have kullanlabilir.
If it were to have rained, we would have stayed at home and slept till noon:Eer dn yamur
yam olsayd evde kalrdk ve leye kadar uyurduk

Inversion in type 3
Had baa getirildii zaman if kalkar. Ancak bu ekil daha ok resmi yazlarda kullanlr. Konuma
dilinde kullanlmaz.
Had they caught the train, they would not have been late for work. :Trene yetiselerdi ie ge
kalmayacaklard
145

Had he not sold his car, he could not have bought that house :Arabasn satmasa, evini
alamayacakt

- Alternatives in type 3

Type 3de if clause da past perfect yerine, past perfect continuous da kullanlabilir.
If you had been driving more carefully, you wouldnt have hit that car: Eer daha dikkatli araba
kullanyor olsaydn o arabaya arpmazdn
If clause da past perfect yerine could have done kullanlabilir.
If I could have found him, I would have paid my debt: Eer onu bulabilseydim borcumu
deyecektim
- Daha nce de belirttiimiz gibi if li cmleler genel olarak e ayrlyorsa da deiik
ekilleri mevcuttur. Bazen cmlenin bir ksm type 3 dier ksm type 2 de olabilir. Bu
cmlenini anlamna baldr.
If you had invited him, he would be here now : Eer onu davet etseydin o imdi burada olurdu
( Type 3 ) ( Type 2 )
Burada davet etme(me) ii gemite olduu iin type 3 yani past perfect kullanlm, ana cmlede
ise u andan bahsedildii iin type 2 yani would do kullanmtr.
If you hadnt eaten those sour plums last night, you wouldnt be ill now: Dn gece o eki erikleri
yemeseydin, imdi hasta olmazdn
Lingualeo Vocabulary Unit-8:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

a couple of
a little while
aluminum foil
arrow
bowl
casserole dish
chopping board
clear up
cocoa powder
coward
for ages
give a speech
greet
halfway through
instructions
it's awesome
lead singer
misunderstand
music video
olive
ounce
potato masher

bir ift
biraz
alminyum folyo
ok
kase
tencere
dorama tahtas
aklamak
kakao tozu
korkak
uzun zamandr
konuma yapmak
karlamak
yarlamak
talimat
mthi bir ey
mzik grubunun solisti
yanl anlamak
mzik video
zeytin
ons (28 gr.)
patates ezicisi
146

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

put somebody up
rifle
shake hands
shaved
silently
sound engineer
studio
wooden spoon
add
album
approach
band
best man
boil
bride
bridesmaid
bush
can
celebration
cheek
cheerfully
chop

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68

compose
congratulations
copy
couple
crumb
custom
decorate
exotic
festival
finger
fork
formal
fry
frying pan
get married
groom
hold
honeymoon
ingredient
interrupt
introduce
invitation
kiss
layer

birini misafir etmek

tfek
el skmak
tra olmu
sessizce
ses Mhendisi
stdyo
tahta kak
eklemek
albm
yaklam, yaklamak
bando
sad
kaynamak
gelin
nedime
al
kutu
kutlama
yanak
neeli, keyifle
kesmek, doramak, balta ile
kesmek
oluturmak, bestelemek
tebrikler
oaltmak
ift
krnt
gelenek
ssleyip pslemek
egzotik
festival
parmak
atal
resmi
kzartmak
kzartma tavas
evlenmek
damat
tutmak
balay
malzeme, ierik
kesmek(sozu yarida kesmek )
tantmak
davet, davetiye
pmek
tabaka
147

69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115

mash
mayonnaise
melt
misunderstanding
mix
mixture
music store
occur
olive oil
on one's rail
peel
place
plate
play
pound
pour
prey
professional
proud
reception
recipe
record
recording
remove
salami
saucepan
several
shoot
single
skin
slice
soundtrack
spread
steal
stir
tablespoon
thief
track
tradition
tribe
turn down
turn up
uncomfortable
voice
volume
warrior
whisk

ezme
mayonez
erimek, eritmek(v) eriyik(n)
yanl anlama
kartrmak
karm
Mzik Maazas
olmak,meydana gelmek
zeytinya
bir ray zerinde
soymak
yer
tabak
oynamak, oyun, piyes (n.)
libre (453 gr)
dokmek,bosaltmak
kurban
uzman
onurlu
resepsiyon
tarife, yemek tarifi
kayda geirmek
kayt
karmak
salam
uzun sapl derin tava
birka
Ate etmek, ut, vuru
bekar, tek
deri
dilimlemek
film mzii
yaymak,dagitmak
almak
kartrmak
yemek ka
hrsz
rota, takip etmek-iz srmek
gelenek
kabile
reddetmek
amak
rahatsz
ses
ses kuvveti
sava
rpmak
148

116
117
118

wolf
wounded
wrap

kurt
yaral
sarmak

149