aq Mrs. Helmick English 102 06 March 2015 - ‘The Controversy of Reparative Therapy: An Annotated Bibliography Ammelli, Jerry. "A Response To Spitzer's (2012) Reassessment Of His 2003 Study Of Reparative ‘Therapy Of Homosexuality." Archives Of Sexual Behavior 41.6 (2012): 1335-1336. OnniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. Jery A. Armelli, M.Ed,, is director of an ex-gay and‘htps mentoring group called Prodigal Ministries Inc. Armelli has made numerous radio and television appearances, sharing his conviction that homosexuality can be overcome. This article focuses on Gabriel Arana, a man who tried reparative therapy as a teenager. Arana visited Dr. Robert L. Spitzer to express the failure of the therapy. In 2003, Spitzer conducted a study consisting of 200 subjects in an effort to change their sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual, Of the 200 participants, 23% reported a change. Spitzer revised his 2003, study and claimed that his study made “unproven claims of the efficacy of conversion therapy.” Iam considering using this in my paper, but may instead choose to use Spitzer’s original study rather than his response. Beckstead, A. "Can We Change Sexual Orientation?." Archives Of Sexual Behavior 41.1 (2012): 121-134. OmmiFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web.8 Feb. 2015. Beckstead’s article is published online at Academia.edu ‘wi over three pages of references, This article provides an overview regarding the promise and effort of sexualom reorientation and how this knowledge may inform our current understanding of human sexuality, Beckstead gives a brief history of the interventions used to encourage this transition. The main points of this article (results of the study) are for people to consider that conversion therapy assumptions provide little basis for concluding whether conversion therapy has any effect on a non-heterosexual orientation, recognize the ‘complex issues in researching and helping non-heterosexuals who are unable to adopt a positive sexual identity, and not to view resolutions of sexual orientation distress as an outcome, such as heterosexuality, but as an individualized process that allows for exploration and complexity. Beckstead suggests that comprehensive and more effective ‘treatment plans are needed to help non-heterosexuals live with the reality of their sexual orientation and social identities due to personal stress. Beckstead goes on to conclude that the focus should not be on trying to reverse possibly innate aspects of soxvality but instead on trying to reduce discrimination and hostility that exist within non-heterosexuals and their social situations. I will use this article because it gives me qualitative evidence that i can use in my paper. It discusses possible solutions and/or alternatives for conversion therapy, which is what I am trying to argue. Bright, Chuck, "Deconstructing Reparative Therapy: An Examination Of The Processes Involved When Attempting To Change Sexual Orientation." Clinical Social Work Journal 40.4 (2012): 471-481. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.1V. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. v Bright has been cited multiple times by author Linda Goldman in her book Coming Out, Coming in: Nurturing the Well-being and Inclusion of Gay Youth in Society. The purpose ———;——wm; of this report by Bright was to provide social workers with the knowledge to formulate an educated opinion about the use of reparative therapy for homosexuality and gender dysphoria. In his report, Bright claims that reparative therapists continue to unjustly represent homosexuality as # pathological and curable mental illness, relying on their personal beliefs and emotions rather than legitimate research. The author thoroughly discusses the theoretical convictions and social justice implications evident in the pursuit of reparative therapy and analyzes the process and theory behind reparative therapy. The author makes ¢ compelling moral and ethical argument and I will use this source in my final research paper. Fox, Fallon. "Leelah Alcom's Suicide: Conversion Therapy Is Child Abuse."Time, Time, 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Fellon Fox is the first openly transgendfed MMA fighter in history and a well-known activist for LGBT rights. This article, published by Time, discusses the unfortmate experience of Leclah Alcom, a transgendered girl who was forced into conversion therapy by her parents. Unable to cope, she committed suicide on December 28th, 2014. Fox goes on to advocate for the ban of this therapy on Leclah’s behalf, claiming that it is often damaging beyond repair. I trust this source because Fox has gone through similar experiences with conversion therapy, therefore I believe her voice deserves to be heard. Fox is not overtly biased about the influence of religion, claiming that she does not oppose religion, but opposes placing those beliefs higher than proven medicine. I will use this source in my paper. Grace, André P. "Reparative Therapies: A Contemporary Clear And Present Danger Acrosswm: Minority Sex, Sexual, And Gender Differences." Canadian Woman Studies 24.2/3 (2005): 145-151. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. [Andre P Grace is an Associate Profs working in educational policy studies and inclusive education at the University of Alberta. In his Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council-funded research, he has been examining the legal, legislative, ethical, cultural, and educational policy contexts impacting the personal and professional lives of LGBT teachers in Canadian schools. In this article Grace zeroes in on conversion therapy’s impact on youth, He claims that any individual or organization advocating such therapy for LGBT or questioning youth is not only a likely ethical violation but possible child abuse as well. His viewpoint is most simply that tacties of conversion therapy amount to a shaming of sexual minority youth who desire to live full spiritual and sexual lives. Grace spends the majority of the article critiquing Courage, a Catholic paraprofessional ministry that specifically targets LGBT youth as well as youth questioning their sexual orientation, condoning reparative therapies as forms of orthodox psychotherapy intended to alter a person's same-sex orientation. He backs up his claims with voices from mainstream mental-health association and their views on reparative therapies, dubbing them as having the potential to inflict serious damage on vulnerable youth, Because I want to inform people on the issues that many LGBT youth are facing, I will use this article in my paper to support my argument. McGeorge, Christi R., Thomas Stone Carlson, and Russell B. Toomey. "An Exploration Of Family Therapists’ Beliefs About The Ethics Of Conversion Therapy: The Influence Of Negative Beliefs And Clinical Competence With Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Clients."oi 5 Journal Of Marital & Family Therapy 41.1 (2015): 42-56. OmniFile Full Text. ‘Select (ELW. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. The Journal of Marital & Family Therapy is published quarterly by the American Association for Marriage and Family ‘Thepy (AAMPT) and is one ofthe most renowned and most influential family therapy journals inthe world and focuses on psychotherapeutic treatment for couples and families. This study explores the differences in the beliefs and clinical competence of therapists who practice and believe in the ethies of conversion therapy and those who oppose conversion therapy. The sample for this study included 762 family therapists who were members of the AAMFT. The majority of the sample (72.7%) reported that it is unethical to practice conversion therapy. Data was collected using surveys that assessed participants’ negative beliefs about and perceived clinical competence with LGBT individuals. Results of this study suggested that those ‘who believe in the ethics of conversion therapy report statistically higher levels of negative beliefs about LGBT individuals and lower levels of clinical competence ‘working with LGBT clients. One solution that the author suggests is the need to provide education and clearer policies that address the ethics of conversion therapy. I will use this study for assistance with my final research paper. Powell, Tia, and Edward Stein. "Legal And Ethical Concerns About Sexual Orientation Change Efforts." Hastings Center Report 44.(2014): $32-S39. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 3 Mat. 2015. 2 ‘The Hastings Center Report explores the ethical, legal, and social issues in medicine, health care, public health, and the life sciences. Six issues are published each year, containing an assortment of essays, columns on legal and policy developments, caseums studies of issues in clinical care and institutional administration, caregivers’ stories, peer-reviewed scholarly articles, and book reviews. Tia Powell obtained her M'D. “rom Yale Medical School and is an American psychiatrist and bioethicst. She is Director of the Montefiore-Binstein Center for Bioethics and a Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Powell claims that the efforts of a majority to deny the experience of sexual desires and attractions of some members of a minority is not an acceptable path to justice. She also makes the point that attraction to the same sex whether inborn, changeable, or chosen, does not reflect disease or defect and should not serve as the basis of discrimination. I really want to use that ideology in my paper, since many of the sources Ihave found so far mainly talk about how sexuality is innate, claiming that to discriminate against such would be similar to racial discrimination. However, Powell takes it a step further by saying that even if one’s sexuality is a choice, just as one’s religion is a choice, they should be protected against discrimination posed by reparative therapy. Sandley, Caitlin. "Repairing The Therapist? Banning Reparative Therapy For Lgb Minors.” Health Matrix: Journal Of Law-Medicine 24,(2014): 247-278. OmniFile Full Text Select (HW. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. This source thoroughly presents the vast number of issues related to a ban on LGBT conversion/reparative therapy. The author claims that LGBT conversion therapy should indeed be eradicated, but forms an extensive report on the many factors that makes such a | ban difficult, These factors mainly include violations of the First Amendment to the | : Constitution and parents’ right to raise their children how they see fit. The author |—_ provides the possible solution of informed consent that would satisfy some opposition to a ban on LGBT reparative efforts. The author makes a very compelling point that in the reformation of this type of therapy, there are legal issues. Her extensive inowicdge of Jegal cases and legal restrictions that she discusses in this report will aid my final research paper considerably, therefore I do plan to use this source, ‘Thom, Michael. "Shifting Psychological Knowledge And Conservative Christian Media Controversies: Blaming The Judeo-Christian ‘Tradition For Anti-Gay Prejudice In Psychiatry And Psychology." International Journal Of Religion & Spirituality In Society 3.4 (2014): 51-77. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 8 Feb. 2015. The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society aims to create an {ntelleotual frame of reference for the academic study of religion and spirituality, and to create an interdisciplinary conversation on the role of religion and spirituality in society. This source is peer-revieWed, supported by igorous processes of criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary, ensuring that only intellectual work of the greatest substance and highest significance is published. Thom addresses in great depth I the history of homosexuality as a mental illness and its declassification as such by the “American Psychiatric Association in 1973. He claims that this culminated in the blaming of the Judeo- Christian tradition for psychiatry and psychology’s longstanding anti-gay | prejudice and recognized the ex-gay movement as a contemporary problem for psychiatry 1 and psychology. This source provides me with the extensive history of psychology’s ‘views on homosexuality and reparative therapy and its relationship with religion. I want to use this source to expand on the history of conversion therapy.