Name: ________________________________

08

Hint*

RNA, Transcription, Translation, Mutations

RNA
1) RNA is a type of _________________________.
2) RNA contains the elements ___, ____, ____, _____, ____ and
sometimes _______.
3) There are four structural differences between RNA and DNA, they
are :
a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________
4) The functional difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA
___________________________________________________________ and RNA
________________________________________________________.
5) Similarities between DNA and RNA are:
a. ____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________
TRANSCRIPTION
6) Where in the cell does transcription take place?
_________________________________________________________________
7) Draw the steps of transcription in the space below.

8) For the DNA sequence below, write the sequence of messenger RNA codons that is
synthesized during transcription.
a. DNA molecule: TTA- CAC- GGT- ACT- GTC- CCA-ATT
mRNA strand :_____________________________________________
TRANSLATION
9) Define translation: _________________________________________________________________

10)Where in the cell does translation occur?

_________________________________________________________________
11)Amino acids join together to form a polypeptide (protein) in a process called
_____________________________________________________________.
12)Each time amino acids join together, a (bond) ____________________ forms using ATP as an
energy source.
13)For each mRNA codon sequence, determine the sequence of tRNA anticodons.
a. DNA molecule : TAT-GGC AAT- TTA- GGC- CGG- ATG
b. mRNA strand : ______________________________________
c. tRNA anticodon:______ _______________________________
14)Using the chart below, write the amino acid sequence coded by each mRNA molecule.
Remember, the chart is for codons!)

a. DNA molecule : TAT- GGC- ATT- TAG- GCC- GGA- TGA

b. mRNA strand : _____________________________________________
c. amino acid sequence: ______________________________________
15)List at least two functions of proteins
a. ____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________

MUTATIONS
16)Define mutation: _______________________________________________________________________
17)Define mutagen: _________________________________________________________________
18)
19)Examples of mutagens are:
a. ____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________
The following is the base sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule:
AAT- GCC- AGT- GGT- TCG- CAC
20)Give the base sequence of the complementary DNA Strand.
_________________________________________________________________
21)Draw this DNA molecule:

22)Give the base sequence of the strand of mRNA read from the original strand.
_________________________________________________________________
23)Draw this RNA molecule:

24)What protein fragment would this mRNA code for?

_________________________________________________________________
25)If the fourth nucleotide in the original DNA strand were changed from G to C, what would
the resulting mRNA look like?
_________________________________________________________________
26)What would the resulting amino acid sequence (protein) look like?
_________________________________________________________________

27)What is this type of mutation called?

_________________________________________________________________
28)If a G were added to the original DNA strand after the 3 rd nucleotide, what would the
resulting mRNA look like? _________________________________________________________________
29)What is this type of mutation called? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
30)If the 8th nucleotide in the original DNA strand were changed from G to C, what would the
resulting mRNA look like? _________________________________________________________________
31)What would the resulting protein (amino acid sequence) look like?
_________________________________________________________________
32)What type of mutation is this?
_________________________________________________________________
33)DNA (gene) ______________________________-->Amino acid sequence
__________________of the protein function of the ________________.
33) Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins
are composed of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

chains
chains
chains
chains

folded
folded
folded
folded

the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars

the same way and the same sequence of amino acids
differently and a different sequence of simple sugars
differently and a different sequence of amino acids