Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Age of Earth
Natural Selection
Decent with
modifications
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History
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Charles Darwin
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Relative Dating
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Homologous
structures
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Stages of
development
p385
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Vestigial organs
Organs or structures that
do not seem to be used
by the organism any
longer.
They are usually reduced
in size.
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Vestigial Organs
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Speciation
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is the evolution of a new species that occurs when interbreeding
happens, or when the production of fertile offspring is prevented.
In the physical world, natural barriers form and cause the breakup
of populations to form smaller populations.
Volcanoes, sea-level changes, and earthquakes are a few
examples of natural occurrences that affect populations
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Speciation Mechanisms
Behavioral Isolation
Geographic Isolation
Separated by bodies of water or mountains.
Temporal Isolation
Reproduction takes place at different times of the year
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Divergent Evolution
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Convergent Evolution
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Coevolution
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Evolution is the
change in a
species over
time.
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Rates of Evolution
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Two ways in
which the
evolution of a
species can
occur.
A species can
evolve by
only one of
these, or by
both.
Species with a shorter evolution evolved mostly by
punctuated equilibrium, and those with a longer
evolution evolved mostly by gradualism.
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Gradualism
Very gradually, over a long
time... Over a short period
of time it is hard to notice.
Small variations that fit an
organism slightly better to
its environment are selected
for: a few more individuals
with more of the helpful trait
survive, and a few more
with less of the helpful trait
die.
Change is slow, constant,
and consistent.
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Punctuated equilibrium
change comes in spurts. There is
a period of very little change, and
then one or a few huge changes
occur, often through mutations in
the genes of a few individuals.
Resistance in Bacteria
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1. Mutations
2. Genetic Shuffling
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EOCT-
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Although the Arctic fox and the kit fox are closely related, they
look very different because the individuals
A acquired traits during their lifetimes that contributed to survival
B with traits most suited to their environments reproduced most
successfully
C migrated long distances to environments that most suited their
traits
D passed on to their offspring acquired behaviors that were helpful
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Fossils of Archeopteryx show that this animal had feathers, like a bird. It
also had a bony tail, teeth, and claws on its wings, like a reptile. This fossil
is evidence that supports the idea that
A birds and reptiles have a common ancestor
B birds have changed very little over 150 million years
C reptile species are more advanced than bird species
D reptiles are warm-blooded like birds
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A selective breeding
B convergent evolution
C DNA hybridization
D natural selection
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