SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

THE DESIGN SCHOOL

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD ENVIRONMENT

NAME: Ho Hong Lok

STUDENT ID NO: 0323949
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (PSY 30203)
ASSIGNMENT 1: Journal
LECTURER: Mr. Shankar

Chapter 1
In some part my story life social cognitive perspective happens every time since I
was small and young, since I was born and getting the first step of my life. Social
Cognitive Perspective is the view that people learn by watching others. In
psychology, it explains personality in terms of how a person thinks about and
responds to one's social environment. When I was four years old, I learn to say
this four letter word SHIT and I was very concern that time was my the first bad
word come out from my own mouth. Maybe that time I do not know what is the
meaning of this SHIT but I am pretty sure is quite fun to speak it out. My dad
started to ask me, Son where do you learn to talk like that? and that time I was
replying to my dad, I said I have been watching you and daddy looks cool I
wanna be like you, eat my food and grown as strong as you are. My dad was
surprise that I learn to talk bad word by observing him. I started drawing when I
was age between 5 to 6. I asked my dad to buy some pencil and some paper so
that I can draw something that I want into a piece of paper. Then he asked me,
son why do you need all of that stuff?f and I replied I saw you drawing a lot of
building in a piece of paper and I want to draw too just like you, I can draw my
own things too dad. It states that people can learn a great deal by observing
other. I always follow what my parents do. I am a basketball player. I represent
for school since I was 8 years old until and now I am still representing for Taylor
University basketball team. When I was 7 years old, I was watching television in
my houses living room. That time I accidentally press the controller and it was
change to a sport channel, basketball. I started to watch they do the shooting
part, dribbling part, the passing and more. Then I grab something that is round
and do exactly the same what they are doing. That is where I get to start a
basketball life. I think this happened through the term of social cognitive
perspective. I have a sister, her name is Lisa. When she was 8 years old while I
was just 5, there is a activity that involved social cognitive. That time my mom
always get ready for work in early the morning. After several morning of
observing mom getting ready for work, my sister picks up the brush and began to
rub again her face, my sister is imitating the behavior she see. She is actually
want to do exactly what mom was did.She trying to make up so that she will looks
pretty just like my mom. My dad smoke, I see everyday he smoke since I was
small. I always wondering why they smoke. So I started smoke with a bunch of
my friends. My dad and my friends are the main factors why I start to smoke.
They are the model of the of my mind set. But I involve in cigarette without facing
any punishment. I am the observer displays a behavior more frequently after
seeing a model being reinforced for it. But I have stop smoking after get along
into a relationship. I had been motivated to stop smoking so that the girl I like will
like me with my personal too. I recognize that the learner must be physically
capable of reproducing the model behavior by helping them retain the
information. A learner must be motivated to demonstrate the model behavior. I
see a lot of stealing and rob things happen since I was young but I never involves
with these kind of activities because my parents has taught me not to steal but

gain it by yourself. They are the good model that make me never steal things.
Beside of that I see of of news that stealing will get punishment just like going to
jail. I can recognize what we should do what we should not to do. As we can see
social cognitive perspective mean we get along what we have among us and
learn something what other do.

Chapter 2

In this chapter I choose to write about Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs. In the very
first level of Abraham Maslow Hierarchy is the physiological need. The physiological
mean of things necessary to basic survival, including food, water, rest. I born a very
comfortable, peaceful and harmony family, my parent always give me food,water and the
shelter, means house to live with. My dad and mom work for money so that our family
can survive because in this present world we need money to buy food. This part my
family complete the first part of physiological. Second is breath, we need breath to stay
alive. Of course the air if free but it is some part of physiological. Third and of course is
water, we need a lot of water because we need to bath, wash cloth, drink and many more.
Forth is sleep, we need enough of sleep so that we can spend our whole day without
feeling tired. The stage two is safety and security. Such things as finding safe
circumstances, shelter and protection. They may also include a need for structure and
order. At first is employment that means my dad already get his job for salary. The second
one is family. We all do have a family to live with right? That count as the safety part of
it. Our parents care about our healthy so that will counted as the safety of our health.
Third one is health. Since our family is secured with resources, so that we will not get any
sick. Stage three is Love and Belonging. These include the need for friends, affectionate
relationships, children, and a sense of community. As we known it , the first one is
Friendship. Everybody needs a friend, everybody has their own friends. We need need
them to encourages us during our life time. Second is sexual intimacy. The third one is
love. There are different kind of love, some are family loves, some a lovers. As we grown
older we will fall in love and start a relationship between man and women. The forth
stage is self Esteem. There are some example in our life, as the chef they always will
meet the critic, so they try to prepare a perfect dish so that people likes the dish and
respect the food as they respect the chef. Next stage is Intellectual. Which take us to
achievement we high standard or level. Example, I have success to finish my degree level
so this is some sort of achievement. The sixth stage is Aesthetic. This is the internally
directed desire to acquired an appreciation for the beauty or aesthetic nature of things.
And the last stage is Self-Actualization. The level is seldom reached but it is the result of
the inner-directed drive of humans to grow, improve, and use their potential to the fullest.
First one is the problem solving. Among or life journey, we will face a lot of obstacles, so
we find a way to solve it. As a example, my dad face bankrupt to his company but he try
a lot of way to solve it and then the company rise as bright as before again. Second one is
creativity. All of us has a different mind set that is mean we will produce different kind of
creativity. Humans mean us can create smart phone mean we can do more than imagining

by creating things. Third is the spontaneity. We all must have our own discipline that
could be maintain spontaneously to keep our own image. Forth is the acceptance of facts
and lack of prejudice. My family and I, we will not criticize by accepting what we lack
of. We do accepting the world no matter how it is. This Abraham Maslow Hierarchy is
build by Maslow and he wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that
people possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to reward or unconscious desires.
Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need
is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on .The deficiency, or basic needs
are said to motivate people when they are unmet. Also, the need to fulfil such needs will
become stronger the longer the duration they are denied.

Chaper 3
In this chapter, I am gonna talk about the exploration of the interaction of an individual
person and a given situation with the three main areas of interest. The three main interest
are social perception, social influence and social interaction. Social perception is the
cognitive process that helps us form impressions of those around us. Our learned, perhaps
even subconscious attitudes towards other people based on any number of their defining
characteristics help to us understand a situation and measure our behavior accordingly.
Social perception is the mental process of picking up cues and signals from others that
help us form an early idea of what they may be like. Our brains may rely on stereotypes
or previous similar experiences to build a picture of what to expect from any given social
encounter. What I had experience in throughout my life is the facial expressions of
emotion. Since I was young, I understand whenever my mom or dad is getting angry, bad
mood or happy by just looking at their faces. Our faces can show six major emotional
expression such as anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, and sadness. We all know that
detecting angry faces are important because it may causes to fight. Next one I gonna talk
about Social influence. Social influence is the effect that people have upon the belief or
behaviors of others. The definition is made by Aaronson in 2004. Social influence in
which individuals change their attitudes or behavior in order to existing social norms or a
form of social influence involving direct request from one person to another. Some
example that I ever had experience in my life. It was a Friday night, party night, my
friends get in the car with a senior that has been drinking. They were asking me if I want
a ride or not but I was replied no because of moms advice. But after that they assure
me that the senior driving only had three beers and the party is only 4 blocks away. Then
I started to think that, three beers does not mean drunk, after all he does not look drunk,
so I hop into the car and get home. I think social influence occurs in my story because
people get affect on some behavior. Social influence is similar to peer pressure in that it is
effect on you come from people, and it may alter ours decision. Social influence can have
many positive or negative effect on people. Not all social influence is negative, not all
peer pressure is negative, not all effect are negative too. Social influence can effect the
way we think and act as a result of various association in society. Next one, I am gonna
talk about social interaction. Social interaction is an exchange between two or more
individuals. By interacting with one another, people design rules, institutions and systems
within which they seek to live.Social interactions are the acts, actions, or practices of two

or more people mutually oriented towards each others selves, that is, any behavior that
tries to affect or take account of each others subjective experiences or intentions. Social
interaction is not defined by type of physical relation or behavior, or by physical distance.
It is a matter of a mutual subjective orientation towards each other. Here are some
examples of role playing. When we playing as a new social role often feels awkward at
first and we may feel we are just acting or pretending to be something that we are not.
The other example is when we are unsure of role expectation we try to get cues from the
behavior of those around us. Nonverbal communication is involve in social interaction.
Many different expressions are conveyed by the human face. It is widely held that basic
aspects of the facial expressions of emotion are innate. Cross-cultural studies demonstrate
quite close similarities between members of different cultures both in facial expression
and in the interpretation of emotions registered on the human face.

Chapter 4
In this chapter I am gonna talk about Social cognition. Social cognition is the area of
social psychology that examines how people perceive and think about their social world.
Imagine that you are walking toward your friends, one you know to be disruptive, they
whispering together in the hallway. As you approach both of them quit talking, nod to
you, and then resume their urgent whispers as you pass by. What would you make of this
scene? What story might you tell yourself to help explain this interesting and unusual
behavior? People understand that we can well know the behavior of others if we know the
thoughts that contributed to the behavior. The area of social psychology that focuses on
how people think about others and about the social world is called social cognition. I had
experience that the world believe that they are always capable of rational and objective
thinking. If hot cognitive means the mental processes that are influenced by desires and
feelings. For example, imagine that you received a poor grade on a class assignment. In
this situation, your ability to reason objectively about the quality of your assignment may
be limited by your anger toward the teacher, upset feelings over the bad grade, and your
motivation to maintain your belief that you are a good student. In this sort of scenario, we
may want the situation to turn out a particular way or want what we believe to be true.
When we have these directional goal, we are motivated to reach a particular outcome or
judgment and do not process information in a cold, objective manner. Do we actively
choose and control all our behaviors or do some of these behaviors occur automatically?
A large body of evidence now suggests that many of our behaviors are
done automatically. A behavior or process is considered automatic if it is unintentional,
uncontrollable, occurs outside of conscious awareness, or is cognitively efficient (Bargh
& Chartrand, 1999). A process may be considered automatic even if it does not have all
these features; for example, driving is a fairly automatic process, but is clearly
intentional. Processes can become automatic through repetition, practice, or repeated
associations. When we encounter a new object or person, we often form an attitude
toward it. In essence, our attitudes are a type of bias that predisposes us to responses that
are positive or negative. For example, a negative attitude toward mushrooms would
predispose you to avoid them and think negatively of them in other ways. This bias can
be long term or short term and can be overridden by another experience with the object.
Thus, if you encounter a delicious mushroom dish in the future, your negative attitude

could change. Decades of research on social cognition and attitudes has examined many
of the tricks and tools that we use to efficiently process the limitless amounts of
social information that we encounter in our lives. These tools are quite useful for
organizing the information that we encounter and arriving at quick decisions. When you
see an individual engage in a behavior, such as seeing a man push an elderly lady to the
ground, you form judgments about his personality, predictions about the likelihood of
him engaging in similar behaviors in the future, as well as predictions about the elderly
womans feelings and how you would feel if you were in her position. As the research
presented in this module demonstrates, we are adept and efficient at making these
judgments and predictions, but these judgments are not made in a vacuum. Ultimately,
our perception of the social world is a subjective experience, and, consequently, our
decisions are influenced by our experiences, expectations, emotions, motivations, and
current contexts. By being aware of when our judgments are most accurate and how our
judgments are shaped by these social influences, we are in a much better position to
appreciate, and potentially counter, their effects.

Chapter 5

In this chapter I am gonna talk about Attitudes. One way that attitudes can arise is due to
conditioning, either classical or operand. Classical conditioning creates an association
between two mutually occurring events, while operand conditioning increases or
decreases the frequency of a behavior with reinforcements and punishments. Attitudes
can also arise due to observational learning, wherein we internalize the attitudes of others.
In this way, attitudes can be passed on from one person to another attitude. The methods
necessary to assess these different types of attitudes vary considerably explicate.
Attitudes do not inherently imply behavior. Oftentimes people will believe in a cause or
principle but not act on it when the opportunity arises. Many factors influence whether or
not attitudes will come to impact behavior. The core factors are the strength of the
attitude, the specificity of the attitude to the behavior in question, the accessibility of the
attitude, and the result of rational decision-making. The stronger an attitude is, the more
likely it is to translate into behavior. Likewise, the more specific the attitude is to the
circumscribed behavior, the more it will be relevant for that behavior. The easier an
attitude is to bring to mind, whether because of repeated exposure to it or recent exposure
to it, the more it will influence behavior. Finally, if rational thought leads to the decision
that a behavior should be done based upon a held attitude, and it is decided that the
behavior can be done, it is more likely that the behavior will arise. One way in which
attitude change occurs is via cognitive dissonance. If people find that they are behaving in
a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes, they will shift their attitudes to better match
the behavior. This can be used to impact behavior as well, by making people aware that
they are behaving inconsistently with a cared-about attitude. In addition, the tendency to
be affected by cognitive dissonance is affected by culture. Our attitudes can also shift
based on observations of our own behavior, our motivation to appear a particular way to
others, or by being more open to others opinions after affirming core parts of our
identity. When we are secure in who we are, we feel freer to consider others
ideas.Attitudes are evaluations.When we say that attitudes are evaluations, we mean that
they involve a preference for or against the attitude object, as commonly expressed in
such terms as prefer, like, dislike, hate, and love. Every human being holds thousands of
attitudes, including those about family and friends, political parties and political figures,
abortion rights and terrorism, preferences for music, and much more. Each of our
attitudes has its own unique characteristics, and no two attitudes come to us or influence
us in quite the same way. Research has found that some of our attitudes are inherited, at
least in part, via genetic transmission from our parents (Olson, Vernon, Harris, & Jang,
2001). Some of our attitudes are shared by others (most of us like sugar, fear snakes, and
are disgusted by cockroaches), whereas other attitudes such as our preferences for
different styles of music or art are more individualized.