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40 YEARS OF CONAPRA
STRIVING FOR QUALITY IN THE SERVICE OF BRAZILIAN PILOTAGE
40 Years
ndice
index
13
16
reviso revision
Maria Helena Torres
Aglen McLauchlan
verso translation
Elvyn Marshall
Leme Schilling
23
Schilling rudder
20
26
Implementao da e-Nav: o
ponto de vista de um profissional
E-Nav implementation:
a practitioner's perspective
33
Anna Surinyach/MSF
36
encontros nacionais
national meetings
PRTICO/ PILOT
ALEXANDRE MOREIRA
RAMOS
encontros nacionais
national meetings
(the national steel company), Guaba Island terminal and the Sepetiba Bay Port company (Companhia Porturia da Baa de Sepetiba),
Ferroport and Prumo Logstica Global (Au port), Sudeste port,
Libra & Multiterminais Group and Companhia Docas (both in Rio
de Janeiro).
The speakers included Edson Mesquita, professor of Ciaga,
responsible for the presentation with emphasis on the main
changes in the ABNT standard concerning access channels to port
facilities; Elsio Dourado, executive of the company Wilson Sons,
talking on the subject of the companys plans to upgrade its fleet in
order to meet the demand for larger ships; and pilot Alexandre
Moreira Ramos, who explained briefly the importance of Rio de
Janeiro pilotage in the creative and expansion process of port
terminals.
After the 2008 economic crisis, some growth was observed in the
Rio de Janeiro State maritime and port sector. The prospects of
starting pre-salt drilling operations and Chinas industrial growth
seemed to have boosted this trend.
At that time several projects appeared to create new terminals
and expand others already existing. Rio de Janeiro pilotage has
been actively participating in all such projects, contributing with
suggestions and performing maneuver simulations, requiring a
major effort, especially from the pilots on the Technical Pilotage
Council. The symposium was warmly received precisely because it
expressed the Technical Councils commitment to these matters.
The event offered the delegates an overview of what to expect
from the Rio de Janeiro port sector in the next few years. It was
also the moment when the new chairman Alexandre Moreira
Ramos took over from Porthos Lima. The delegates at the event
were Captain Marcos Fonseca (representing DPC) and Captains
Cursino and Colmenero (current and former harbour master
of Rio de Janeiro ports, respectively), as well as CONAPRAs
president pilot Gustavo Martins, and a number of civil authorities
linked to port activities.
encontros nacionais
national meetings
The attacks against Brazilian pilotage are quite offensive for the
professionals in this sector but predictable. To favor private in
detriment to public interests is, after all, this nation's major modern
sickness. Corruption scandals occupying Brazilian newspaper and
magazine headlines have the same voracity with which individuals,
political parties and private segments seek to grasp public assets
for their own benefit, neglecting collective interests and endangering
the entire social order.
There is a similar situation in the shipping logistics chain. As
lawyer and academic Osvaldo Agripino commented in his talk at
the 39th National Pilotage Meeting held in Brasilia on September
15 and 16, pilotage today is one of the only branches in navigation
belonging to the Brazilian State. On delegating to the Brazilian
Navy authority to regulate the activity, Brazil still bravely resists the
pressures of multinational groups and their agents, which do their
utmost to break the model adopted by pilotage and increase
their by no means modest revenue in 2013, for example, chartering
foreign ships cost users USD 6.4 billion. The lawyer demonstrates
that, with this sum, it would be possible to procure 100 ships and,
in five years, Brazil could be one of the world's largest ship owners.
According to Agripino, a distortion in the name must be corrected.
Ship owners are not users of Brazilian ports. This classification
belongs to freight owners, those who pay the bill and the piper,
since they are encumbered with an exorbitant container overstay
and more than 20 types of extra charges. Services rendered
by the international carrier without issuing invoices, such as, for
example, the Terminal Handling Charge (THC) that, although
considered a port service, goes to the ship owners' coffers,
increase the user charges and impact the competitiveness of the
Brazilian product overseas.
encontros nacionais
national meetings
OPENING
encontros nacionais
national meetings
now the pilots have become the scapegoat for what is commonly
called Brazil cost. With ship x terminal verticalization permitted
by the recent port reform (Law no. 12.815/2013, the Ports Act),
ship owners want to eliminate the only remaining obstacles to
maximizing their profits: pilotage, he claimed.
encontros nacionais
national meetings
pilot Dbora Gadlha, from PZ-19 (RS) to talk about her experience
in an eminently male environment. Dbora proved to be a skilled
speaker; she spontaneously and directly recounted the difficulties
she faced in the profession and the care her colleagues gave her
for being a woman. We don't want to be equal. We only want
to have the same rights, since we have the same duties, she
summed up.
encontros nacionais
national meetings
O painel do capito de fragata Frederico Carlos Muthz, superintendente de Segurana da Navegao do Centro de Hidrografia da
Marinha (CHM), tratou essencialmente do processo de anlise dos
levantamentos hidrogrficos nos quais a folga abaixo da quilha
crtica. Muthz elencou vrias aes em curso para aperfeioar a
10
encontros nacionais
national meetings
encontros nacionais
national meetings
JANTAR DE ENCERRAMENTO
CLOSING DINNER
12
The topic of the professor's talk was the conceptual design for port
planning provided by ABNT on access channels; maneuvering
room; inland or approach channels; maneuvering basins; anchorage
areas; port facilities; static tensile strength and push/pull strength
of tugs; air draft and clearance above air draft; risk analysis; and
floating terminals. With regard to the detailed design, addressed
by engineer Eduardo Tannuri, coordinator of the Numerical
Offshore Tank of So Paulo University (USP), the key aspect was
the use of dynamic simulation and hydrodynamic models for
designs of channels with access to ports.
The growing demand for maritime transportation has entailed huge
pressure on port infrastructure. Larger and larger ships permit
ship owners to achieve gains of scale since the cost per container
transportation is lower but in compensation, the increase in vessel
size and in shipping cause a huge impact on port structure. Ships
have to enter ports; this is a fact; therefore, more than ever planning navigational access deserves close attention by the seafaring
community. The analysis is by pilot Siegberto Schenk, from PZ-14
(ES), who, on closing the cycle of talks of the 39th National Pilotage
Meeting, presented a panel on risk management and analysis in
navigational access in the light of the new standard NBR 13.246.
Lastly, Gustavo Martins emphasized that if bottlenecks exist in the
waterway navigation, none are caused by pilotage, which has played
its role, meeting the requirements of ports and their users with
efficiency and resolve. The success of the profession, which can
be measured by statistics, does not, however, earn saleable headlines. Who are the ones interested in disclosing statistics that
indicate the absence of navigation accidents along our coast? It
should also be mentioned that it is the pilots' skill that has compensated for the various flaws in the port infrastructure: they are the
ones who take risks to guide ever larger ships in restricted waters
that challenge the reception capacity of the ports. In short, these
are setbacks suffered by such an efficient and silent profession.
conteinerizao
containerization
Custo do slot
Custos de infraestrutura
As empresas de navegao tm sido capazes de reduzir significativamente os custos do slot (espao por continer), mediante
combinao que envolve o grande porte dos navios e as velocidades reduzidas de navegao adotadas atualmente.
Em reao aos navios cada vez maiores, os portos esforam-se
continuamente visando preparar-se para acomodar a ltima
gerao dessas embarcaes.
Isso representa uma mudana na estratgia empregada poca
dos navios de linhas regulares de carga geral, que eram
projetados para atender s necessidades especficas das reas
por onde navegavam, ou seja, atender principalmente s
restries presentes nos portos.
medida que a conteinerizao torna os portos mais vulnerveis
concorrncia (visto que fica mais fcil trocar um porto por outro),
basta apenas a notcia do projeto de uma nova gerao de navios
para fazer com que os portos imediatamente invistam a fim de
atender s necessidades dessas embarcaes maiores.
Tamanho do navio
Competio
Os portos adaptam continuamente suas instalaes, em submisso
preventiva causada pela feroz competio existente no setor.
Essas adaptaes incluem o aprofundamento dos canais de
navegao, a ampliao das reas de giro e o reforo dos paredes
de cais para possibilitar a instalao de portineres (guindastes
tipo ponte rolante para embarque de contineres) maiores.
Tomando-se o ponto de vista dos portos, esses procedimentos se
justificavam no passado.
13
conteinerizao
containerization
Modernizao
Por outro lado, os esforos necessrios ao preparo dos portos para
receber navios cada vez maiores aumentam a cada metro de incremento no calado e/ou na boca dos navios. Esses esforos no se
limitam s dragagens iniciais, mas se estendem tambm
manuteno das profundidades (ver Tabela 1).
Isso tem tornado progressivamente desfavorvel a relao entre
esforos financiados principalmente com recursos pblicos visando
melhorar a infraestrutura porturia e o retorno econmico final.
As razes para tanto so de natureza simplesmente fsica, relacionada aos princpios da construo naval, engenharia de hidrovias e
construo de portos.
Ento, com navios cada vez maiores, os armadores de navios de
contineres obtm, pela economia de escala, apenas reduzido
benefcio sobre as vantagens de custo por TEU, enquanto o
14
Dada a acirrada competio verificada hoje em dia, a imprescindivelmente alta taxa de utilizao dos navios ter que ser paga
base de descontos no frete.
A vantagem inicial de custo gerada pelos projetos mais modernos
, portanto, totalmente corroda pelas baixas taxas de frete,
consequncia inevitvel do excesso de oferta ocasionado por
esses navios.
As vantagens de custo so simplesmente repassadas aos clientes
das empresas de navegao, que as apreciam, mas na verdade no
dependem desses rebates cados do cu.
Esses descontos no chegam a representar reduo significativa
no preo e, portanto, no estimulam maior movimentao de
embarques. Consequentemente, o excesso de oferta permanece, e
os baixos preos do frete impedem margem adequada s empresas
de navegao.
conteinerizao
containerization
calado mximo
considerado
no presente
no futuro
Hamburgo
independente de
mar: at 13,5m
dependente de
mar: at 14,5m
Bremerhaven
independente de mar:
- panamax: at 12,8 m
- ps-panamax: at 12,7 m
independente de
mar: at 13,5m
Wilhelmshaven
Roterd-Maasvlakte II
Anturpia
./.
./.
./.
Zeebrugge
./.
Le Havre
./.
15
homenagem
tribute
Michael Watson
Estamos falando de Michael Robert Watson, cidado norteamericano que nasceu em Washington D.C., em 13 de fevereiro de
1943. Filho de fazendeiro, foi criado no campo, em McLean, Virgnia.
Quando chegou a Nova York para ingressar na escola de Marinha
Mercante de Kings Point no demorou muito para dar atestado de
sua origem caipira: Fui comer num pub e pedi um copo de leite
para acompanhar a refeio. O barman achou graa e disse que s
vendia bebidas alcolicas, contava rindo de si mesmo.
Time has its say and, of course, this country boy moderated his
abrasive manners but never lost his steadfastness, which, in fact,
his colleagues would often mention as one of his virtues. Mike
listened to everyone, but on some aspects he was simply not
negotiable, they say. It was this determination that largely
guaranteed IMPAs success in neutralizing the onslaughts by the
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) in its
attempts to decide on matters concerning pilotage.
homenagem
tribute
In other words, this does not mean he was perfect, after all no one
is; the question is that in order to overcome him, his opponent
would have to confront a person with the disposition of a military
tank, strong enough not to be intimidated by authorities and who
would not surrender what he considered the best for society:
pilotage at the service of public interest. Not to mention his
incredible political skills and devastating charm. It was undoubtedly
better to think twice before meddling with him...
Watson had already earned the respect of the World Maritime
Organization as head of the American Pilots Association (APA),
which he presided from the year 2000 until his death. During that
time he was a member of the US delegation in the IMO where
he was advisor to American government officers. In his country he
was always consulted on issues relating to port and maritime
activities. He was instrumental in obtaining federal authorization
for dredging the Delaware Canal, previously restricted to vessels
with a maximum draft of 15.24m.
17
homenagem
tribute
Magnetism
The partnership of the two friends consolidated major principles of
the profession, such as absence of competition, and subordination
to the local maritime authority. Individually very different Mike
was an extrovert and passionate, while Otavio is discreet and
rational , their intelligence was a perfect match in their work.
Close friends, Mike would make sure he pinpointed his partners
contribution to the success of the IMPA projects, and Otavio never
tires of stressing his colleagues leadership skills and, despite
his explosive temperament, his ability to create understanding.
He would relentlessly resist the pressure of certain economic
segments to incorporate the pilot in the ships bridge crew.
Magnetismo
A parceria dos dois consolidou importantes princpios da profisso,
como ausncia de concorrncia e subordinao autoridade
martima local. Individualmente muito diferentes Mike era extrovertido e passional, e Otavio discreto e racional , suas inteligncias harmonizavam-se perfeio no trabalho.
Grandes amigos, Mike fazia questo de salientar a contribuio do
parceiro para o sucesso das empreitadas da IMPA, assim como
Otavio no se cansa de enfatizar a capacidade de liderana do
colega que, apesar do temperamento explosivo, tinha competncia
para criar entendimento e resistiu implacavelmente presso de
determinados segmentos econmicos para incorporar o prtico ao
time do passadio.
Mike deixou marcas nos prticos brasileiros. Quase todos se emocionam ao dar depoimentos a seu respeito e, no raro, usam expresses familiares para se referir ao prtico. Para Marcelo Cajaty,
prtico da ZP-19 (RS), ele era como um irmo mais velho: algum
que protegia e aconselhava. Encontr-lo em Londres significava
encontrar algum da famlia. Era um sujeito incrvel, falava a coisa
certa na hora certa, comenta. Para Siegberto Schenk, da ZP-14
(ES), Watson era a personificao da expresso fazer a diferena:
Ele tinha um magnetismo pessoal impressionante. A primeira vez
que o encontrei foi em um congresso da IMPA, no Hava. Assim
como eu, ele fazia parte do comit tcnico da entidade, mas seu
perfil era claramente de lder. Era um distorcedor da realidade;
quando estvamos perto dele vamos o mundo de forma diferente.
Tinha uma energia absurda; era uma fonte de motivao. Conheclo foi realmente uma sorte acrescenta.
Sorte, na verdade, de toda a praticagem, que teve em Watson um
incansvel defensor. Seus colegas brasileiros contam que ele estava
sempre disposto a contribuir quando se tratava de reforar os pilares da
profisso. Dava telefonemas, viajava, acionava sua rede de contatos
(que no era nada pequena...), em suma, no media esforos para que
18
homenagem
tribute
The greatest surprise, however, was still to come. At the end of the
tour, the delegates heard Mike say the following: I assure you that
Brazilian pilotage is even better than it is here in the US, tells
Ricardo Falco, who guarantees that his colleague had not said
this out of politeness but because he really believed it.
At that moment Brazilian pilotage was awarded the most valuable
recognition surpassing any ISO 9001 certificate. No other than the
head of the international pilots association personally attested to
the excellence of the service provided by Brazilian pilots.
Considering his characteristic frankness, that was no mean feat...
Admiral Watson
One of his most valuable legacies to his daughters, lawyers Natalie
and Alicia Watson, was his refined oratory talent. Both girls spoke
at their fathers funeral movingly but firmly, undaunted by the
audience, as their father had always advised them.
Mike was a tough guy on the job, but at home who was the boss
was Geraldine, his wife. In home life, they would pretend that he
was Captain Watson and she Admiral Watson. Their friends say
that he adored his family and, despite his checkered career, never
neglected that aspect. He was the protective type who would do
his utmost to see that everyone was well.
Quando algum querido se vai, normal virem a reboque as lamentaes. Com Mike no est sendo diferente. Aqueles que tinham
apreo por ele lamentam seu falecimento logo agora que, aposentando-se, iria aproveitar a vida... como se dela ele no tivesse
usufrudo! Eles esquecem que o que o impulsionava era uma
tremenda paixo pelo que fazia. Era o trabalho que dava sentido a
sua vida. Assim, que fiquem tranquilos seus amigos: ele viveu tudo
o que a vida lhe reservou.
leme
rudder
Leme Schilling
Schilling rudder
Ricardo Falco
Prtico da ZP-01 (AM), editor da Rumos Prticos e um dos
vice-presidentes da IMPA. Escreveu este artigo com a colaborao de
Arthur De Graauw e Jean-Paul Jeanjean, diretor e instrutor
de Port Revel, respectivamente.
Pilot of PZ-01 (AM), editor of Rumos Prticos and one of the IMPA vicepresidents. He wrote this article in collaboration with Arthur De Graauw
and Jean-Paul Jeanjean, director and instructor of Port Revel, respectively.
LEME FISHTAIL
FISHTAIL RUDDER
B
ROM
A R E S TA D E V A N T E
N
O
I
T
A
R
FLOW ACCELE
FORAS ESTABILIZADORAS
STABILISING FORCES
ARESTA DE R
DO TIPO FISHTAIL
FISHTAIL TRAILING EDGE
leme
rudder
thruster eficiente, pode-se desenvolver surpreendente deslocamento lateral, devendo-se, portanto, exercer cautela nas manobras
de atracao (ao cais ou a contrabordo de outras embarcaes)
caso o movimento lateral do navio seja excessivo. Com vrios desses
lemes capazes de ser carregados at ngulos de 70 ou mais em
navios de velocidades moderadamente altas, no surpreende o
fato de que cargas enormes possam ser exercidas sobre o leme e
nos sistemas a este associados. Embora o leme e o aparelho de
governo sejam projetados para suportar essas cargas, na ausncia
de um sistema de segurana, eles poderiam sofrer srias avarias.
Por essa razo, alguns navios com lemes especializados podem ser
equipados com um sistema de segurana que limite o ngulo de
leme a 35 quando o navio exceder uma dada velocidade, que pode
ser, por exemplo, de aproximadamente cinco ou seis ns.
De fato, o perfil singular do leme Schilling compreende uma seo
de vante arredondada, que proporciona boas propriedades de fluxo
em todos os ngulos de leme, e uma aresta de r com fishtail (ver
desenho diagramtico), que acelera o fluxo e recupera a sustentao na seo de r da superfcie do leme. Isso gera ngulos de
overshoot (medida do ngulo em que o navio continua girando para
um bordo, a partir do momento em que o leme se encontra
carregado para o outro bordo) significativamente reduzidos,
excelente capacidade de manuteno do rumo em velocidade
mxima, capacidade melhorada de controle com deslocamento
lateral e com o navio parado, e melhor capacidade de giro, com
significativa reduo da curva de giro por velocidade, reduo do
avano e do afastamento.
Onde a teoria alcana o dia a dia
Todas essas qualidades do leme Schilling podero ser efetivamente aplicadas durante treinamentos em modelos tripulados.
Aps ter manobrado diversos navios com lemes convencionais em
situaes semelhantes, todas as diferenas ficam bem evidentes.
Os prticos aprendem a utilizar o leme no limite, praticando
diversas vezes em situaes de emergncia nas quais sua correta
ou incorreta aplicao poder significar a diferena entre uma
grande manobra e um acidente.
Nem tudo, porm, felicidade...Toda a literatura tcnica disponvel
s considera o desempenho do leme com seguimento adiante, e
nenhuma considerao dada ao que ocorre quando o fluxo est
invertido e o leme se encontra totalmente carregado a 70 antes
de se dar a paletada com mquina adiante.
Os instrutores de Port Revel, prticos experientes, desenvolveram
um exerccio em guas rasas no qual o navio parado e, dando-se
mquina atrs, desenvolve-se algum seguimento a r. Eles ento
ordenam que se carregue todo o leme Schilling para um bordo, e
apenas quando este estiver em seu limite que se d uma paletada
de mquina com toda fora adiante. Este o efeito surpreendente:
nada acontece, e o navio continua a manter o mesmo rumo de
antes e o seguimento a r. Quando estamos prximos a colidir
com a margem, eles ordenam "leme a meio". O navio finalmente
leme
rudder
segurana
security
2015
23
segurana
security
Mas, com efeito, o impacto mais grave do crescimento desenfreado nas dimenses dos navios no seria necessariamente nos
valores da embarcao e da carga, mas sim na prpria atividade
comercial, que poderia sofrer paralisao e gerar desdobramentos
gravssimos.
Naturalmente, a chegada dos meganavios trouxe tona preocupaes com o aumento dos riscos envolvidos em sua operao.
Questes relacionadas segurana, a maiores perdas em caso de
acidentes e a dificuldades com salvatagem devem ser levadas em
conta pela indstria. Em relao salvatagem, por exemplo, o
estudo afirma que seriam necessrios dois anos, em caso de acidente, para remover todos os contineres de um navio de 19 mil
TEUs, considerando-se a operao vivel.
Em determinada passagem, o trabalho lana a seguinte pergunta:
possvel que um sinistro de navio de contineres atinja dois
bilhes de dlares?.
24
segurana
security
Full container (1970): 1.000 2.500TEUs; 215 x 20 x 10m (comprimento x boca x calado) $ 8 a 12 milhes
fonte/source:
http://bit.ly/1KkcmGy
Traduo: Airton Prado
25
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
Introduo
Dez anos atrs, na 81 sesso do Comit de Segurana Martima
(MSC 81) da IMO, um grupo de sete naes Japo, Ilhas
Marshall, Noruega, Cingapura, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos
props incluir a navegao integrada (e-Nav) nos trabalhos dos
subcomits NAV (Segurana da Navegao) e Comsar (Comit
de Radiocomunicao e Busca e Salvamento).
Os autores da proposta acreditavam que a IMO teria a oportunidade de "desenvolver e delinear uma viso estratgica para
integrar todas as ferramentas de navegao disponveis, visando
garantir nvel mais elevado de segurana e melhor desempenho
operacional".
Entendeu-se, a partir da proposta apresentada no MSC 81, que a
implementao dessa nova viso estratgica poderia exigir
modificaes nos mtodos de trabalho e tambm nas ferramentas
de navegao, como cartas nuticas, equipamentos do passadio,
auxlios eletrnicos navegao, infraestrutura em terra e de
comunicao, assim como modificaes em diversos instrumentos
regulatrios associados.
Embora ambicioso, o objetivo da proposta era claro: apoiar o
trabalho dos martimos, assegurando que a integrao das
tecnologias fosse feita de forma prtica e de fcil utilizao.
O objetivo no era a introduo de novas tecnologias ou prenunciar
alguma nova forma de navegar.
Fao parte, desde 2008, do quadro executivo da IMPA responsvel
pela pasta de e-Nav e, como tal, tive a oportunidade de observar
em primeira mo a evoluo ao longo dos anos da proposta que
acabei de descrever.
Alm de servir como presidente da IMPA e tambm como
presidente da Associao dos Prticos Canadenses, sou, acima de
tudo, prtico da ativa na zona de praticagem do baixo So
Loureno, que inclui o porto da cidade de Quebec e um trecho de
120 milhas do rio ao leste da cidade de Quebec, e o Rio Saguenay.
Portanto, no apenas como representante dos prticos em nvel
mundial, mas tambm como profissional ativo, que manobra navios
de todos os tipos e tamanhos, s vezes sob condies bastante
desafiadoras, que compartilho com vocs minhas opinies sobre a
implementao da e-Nav.
26
E-Nav implementation: a
practitioner's perspective
Introduction
Ten years ago at IMOs MSC 81, a group of seven countries
Japan, the Marshall Islands, Norway, Singapore, the UK and the
United States proposed to add e-Navigation to the work of
the Organizations NAV and COMSAR Sub-Committees.
The sponsors of the proposal believed that IMO had an opportunity
to develop and map out a strategic vision for integrating ALL
the navigational tools at our disposal to secure a greater level of
safety [and] deliver substantial operating efficiencies.
It was understood from the submission presented at MSC 81
that implementation of this new strategic vision might require
modifications to working methods and navigational tools, such as
charts, bridge display equipment, electronic aids to navigation,
communications and shore infrastructure as well as modifications
to a number of related regulatory instruments.
While the proposal was ambitious, its focus was clear: to assist
mariners by ensuring that technology is integrated in a practical
and user-friendly way.
The objective was not the introduction of new technology or the
ushering in of a new way to navigate vessels.
I have been the member of IMPAs executive with responsibility for
the e-Nav file since 2008 and, as such, I have had the opportunity
to observe firsthand how the proposal that I just described has
evolved over the years.
In addition to serving as IMPA President, as well as President of
the Canadian Marine Pilots Association, I am, however, first and
foremost an active pilot in the Lower St. Lawrence pilotage district, a district that includes the Port of Quebec City, as well as a
120 miles segment of the St. Lawrence River eastward of Quebec
City and the Saguenay River.
So it is not only as a representative of pilots worldwide but also
very much as a practitioner, who conducts vessels of all sizes and
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
A fase de implementao?
Antes de apresentar alguns exemplos sobre o que os prticos querem da e-Nav, permitam-me traar alguns paralelos com o e-banking.
So, what exactly do pilots want from e-Nav? How can e-Nav best
assist pilots?
Let me provide you with an example from the region I am most
familiar with my pilotage district. Through a network of sensors
positioned along the St. Lawrence River, the Canadian Hydrographic
Service provides information about water levels, including tidal
prediction data. Obviously, this information is crucial as we often
pilot vessels, including tankers, whose draft is so deep that we can
only go through some sections of the district during specific tidal
windows of opportunity.
In the past, this information was published by the Hydrographic
Service and made available to pilots, who could then update their
own documents accordingly, in the case of predictions, or by calling
VTS stations to get the actual water levels.
A few years ago, however, the Service established a portal, making
the information available in real-time. This has been further
refined, so much so that I can now access the information directly
from my PPU at any given time.
Below is a screenshot of my PPU, close to Quebec City. The box in
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
Em todos esses casos, no estamos lidando com novas informaes. As informaes so as mesmas de sempre, mas a forma com
que so disponibilizadas mudou drasticamente. Ela hoje mil
vezes mais rpida do que h apenas dez anos! Contudo, no
inventamos nada de novo; apenas melhoramos o que j existia.
Tudo isso, de fato, muito valioso para ns, visto que aumenta a
segurana e a eficincia de nosso trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo,
apesar de todo o seu valor, no passamos a manobrar navios de
forma diferente. Ainda devemos ter as mesmas habilidades, o
mesmo bom julgamento e o mesmo conhecimento local.
importante ressaltar tambm que todo esse avano resulta do
trabalho de um grupo relativamente pequeno de interessados,
basicamente composto por prticos, autoridades porturias e
alguns oficiais do governo. O grupo trabalhou focado, de forma
harmnica e colaborativa, para atingir um objetivo de cada vez,
antes de avanar para o prximo desafio. O pragmatismo no
uma panaceia, mas acho que funciona muito bem com e-Nav.
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
times faster than only 10 years ago! But we have not invented
something new, we have just improved on what we had.
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
I have heard a lot of talk about using AIS in an e-Nav context. But
here is only one example, among many, that I could have used.
AIS is not a collision-avoidance tool something that too many
persons do not understand, and which leads them to use AIS in
way that they should not. AIS is not a collision-avoidance technology.
It is not a navigational tool. Mariners do not and should not use it
31
navegao eletrnica
eletronic navigation
32
for these purposes. It follows that this is even more true if you are
on the shore!
And contrarily to what some people sometimes seem to think,
e-Nav will not magically change the nature of the information
provided by AIS. It will not result in new information; and it will not
bring about a new way to navigate vessels!
I am, of course, not saying that there is no value in ECDIS and AIS.
Or that we should not move forward with e-Nav implementation. I
am simply saying, however, that before dreaming up new means to
integrate data, it is essential to make sure that the means we
currently have actually deliver what they were intended to!
Conclusion
In conclusion, my point is not to say that all is lost. I believe it is
still possible to deliver on the original promise of the e-Nav
initiative. But this will best be done if we stop seeing e-Navigation
as a new paradigm in ship operations. IMOs decision to get
involved in e-Nav was driven by the concern that mariners must
deal with equipment that is not integrated with other pieces of
equipment, providing information that is not necessarily relevant.
The intention was to control technology, not to change or control
the way ships are navigated.
We need to focus on simple, pragmatic deliverables, truly designed
to meet the actual needs of mariners. We need to work together in
a concerted, collaborative way, focused on achieving one objective
at a time and doing it well. And perhaps above everything else,
the experience of those who actually deal with navigating vessels
on a day-to-day basis must be at the centre!
If, from now on, this approach was driving how e-Nav is
implemented, I truly believe we would be successful.
Pilots are already familiar with advanced electronic tools.
Thousands of us successfully use such tools every day in the
worlds most dangerous waters. When it comes to understanding
how electronic navigational technologies can best be integrated,
we are definitely committed and ready to do our part.
You can count on us to play a constructive role in the process.
And to always provide a pragmatic and realistic point of view!
solidariedade
solidarity
33
Anna Surinyach/MSF
solidariedade
solidarity
solidariedade
solidarity
MSF e a populao lbia e tunisiana, estamos aumentando a capacidade de assistncia a pessoas em perigo e no manejo de consequncias desastrosas esclarece Vandormael.
Anna Surinyach/MSF
Mdecins Sans Frontires is an international humanitarian organization that brings health care to people affected by armed conflict,
natural disasters, epidemics, malnutrition, or with no access to
medical aid. It offers aid based solely on the need of the populations helped, without discrimination of race, religion or political
conviction and irrespective of economic and political authorities. It
is also the MSF mission to call attention to the hardships faced by
the people they help in their projects.
35
cidadania
citizenship
Ceap
Organizao luta pela aplicao de lei que prev
ensino da histria da frica nas escolas brasileiras
Fotos/photos: Ier Ferreira
cidadania
citizenship
Religious intolerance
Intolerncia religiosa
A flagship event of CCIR was held in September during the 8th Walk in
Defense of Religious Freedom (photos). At the meeting, held annually
on Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro, around 50,000 people from
different religions walked peacefully together, giving an example of
mutual respect. CONAPRA was one of the events sponsors.
CONAPRA admires
and supports the
events of Ceap
and CCIR. Their
common mission
is to remind the
Brazilian people
about the importance of Chico da
Matilde, a black
pilot who closed the ports of Cear State against the slave trade.
He was nicknamed the Sea Dragon and was one of the most
important champions of the Brazilian abolitionist movement.
At the beginning of the year, the Sea Dragon was paid tribute
during the Camellia Prize for Freedom, an initiative of Ceap to
publicly acknowledge projects that fight for the inclusion of Afrodescendants in society. The Brazilian Maritime Pilots Association
participated and supported the event attended by its president,
pilot Gustavo Martins.
37
Navigation the
Human Element
O comandante Timothy Crowch pilotou aeronaves por mais de 40 anos 32 dos quais na aviao
comercial. Expert em investigaes envolvendo acidentes areos, sua experincia permitiu que
desenvolvesse programas de treinamento visando segurana, conscientizao e educao no
que concerne preveno de acidentes em indstrias variadas, como a de aviao, de seguros, martima,
etc. Membro da Royal Aeronautical Society, seu livro representa valiosa ferramenta para prticos e
martimos em geral, visto que aborda minuciosamente tema crucial para os profissionais da rea: como o
comportamento humano afeta o desempenho profissional na navegao.
Captain Timothy Crowch has been an airline pilot for over 40 years 32 years of which were in commercial aviation.
An expert in investigations involving air accidents, his experience has helped him develop training programs on safetyawareness and education regarding accident prevention in a number of sectors, including aviation, insurance and the
maritime industry. He is a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and his book is a valuable tool for
pilots and seafarers in general, since it addresses in detail a key topic for the professionals in this area: how
human behavior affects professional performance in shipping.