Dynamics = Newton's hawos 8-1 Kinemect ies » ~matRemat ical description of motion «delinition of sition — velocity and accelerdion ard esr welebionsbips) ond dike evolution Mamics ¢ “Ne do bodies move as Tey ~ wha causes a tw MY ede? 7 woe sal ste 4! ct Povees ave wespon s tble for accelevat iow The properties & force and Be relations Rips behween fvee ant acceleration ave aver by Neston's iReee haws of Motion. Te hee ere ven Tt ere tee oh motion of a bo on whicW no fovees aye aching The other tue Ads deaf witR -the beRaviov o a body onder We awnPloence of Races . Galileo (d 1642) began $e modern development of Re science oF meRanics. + Free full objects Pave covchatt acceleration — indeperd ack ot weight (mass), * Keaning Tower of Pisa experiments. a| Necotows 1687 - Primer MatRemeabic “haws of motion haw of universal Grewitation ~ widely vegarded os the qrectest scientest euey lived He Credit for invert ing calculus.gr Newton (1642-1721) incor povated Galileo's findings into a Remolabion of dnemics whik is called “Newtonian Mechanics Newton's haws are not a pertect deseriohion o& fous retore behaves. Tt fails « 2) Atoms and noclei Quarto Theow 4a) Motion a® High Nelecdees, == Theow . Relakvity To stud wamics we must introduce too nevo concepts Nt hc in kiwevnectics + efovce * mass Fovces Force is a central cone est in all of phrsics th is avectoy guavbily — must desevibe the diveck jon in fhck techs as well as its magnihrle, In ever ai use a Rvee is used fo describe a —push Loy a pull — + sheeted nal srvbbec bands + fawk cables ° Ope exert fivces on obj eats: Hess} Levees on walls . ice buousuit forces . slicing surfaces } fevctional fovces Above ave all exemples of “cota forces” — abjeds im dvedt contact with cack offer. Some fovees ave “action - ab-a-d stamce forces” ea NO dvect covtadl reguired revit b ae cos Fundamedtal Fovees in Neduve, 2) Gvavitedional + Aels beboeen all bodies aa mass + Hloays att vactive + Weakest force in nature . os qavticle <—_ qevihe ? : acce: ai Nc masses taci ‘cde eney< » 4h ve caved oR veseavch (ery bees ) 2) Elechroma Aic + Attvaction ox vepulsion fetiseen elediic charges * Except for avavi ; forces Qave ortqin Ww em. + Bec particle is Be photon * Accel ang Pages give off photons all otter macroscoptc+4 aa) Seong Fovee. oh nScleav force actin between nucleons in ia om ( behoeen fers) * Nuclear \ue 7 Attva dive or re ulsive (com liceded be havioe) - exdange perticlls Gresens lows) iv) Weak Fovee “Seen in interactions between elementav saiticks + Nextron deca WN pt o+0/p-decall, Field vie “Best 6 sevved — expevcimevit a/ free 4s ago (ceE0) / Theol pred d hates te wt 2° (mc*~ 80 GeV) FA Force + PRLett Jan 6/26 FESS Expt : Tested equality o€ gvavitational ond iyerbisl masees Se mabticale P + parbor's cout viboste slight dilerence e) in ast to SHR Sovee. Relate S4R Foveet Naper cha 2 7 Baryon Number. (ueuctvons + Pratons) ° Pda Randved meters Crepu sive) + Sanqeness Bal eke Myre pide : precise Tanede onderway . ue not ol conclusive at ts time Beraprs [ash aes is vas ia center oR periodic +telele < 23s the structive and beRavior of He enhive universe can he desevibed My Re action of fw Pondamevdt al fovees . Range Freld Reticle Seog Force (Radvonic-nucles) erm snecon loons ElecHomagnahic Force (cbavges) oo 1 pBaton Weak Force (Leptonic) om 2 whae Gravitabional Fovee (masses ) o 0% poten | a Rel. ative Seeuih apectons J 1s! Sn apart Cont invous eoreical work ongoing to develop a common unified descvietion im tems of & le motel fee al fovees. Such a ode! coould make (Gope® ) pre dictions wicW can be cRecled \ oh eg3-6 Gauge TReovies Rave shown us how + combine Electroma Elechro-weak, Ae Rik energies +e too fevees Rave compere sheng ave arise from a common deseviption. Webel Reize + Weinberg Salam/ Gla shoo Work on Standard? Eledio weak Model. + Predicted existence of neutval currents * Subseqoeaty BW Tote mediate Vector Resons Ly iscovered aigeV (cenn-i983) GUuTs: Grand Uni fied Theories — Memet to link Sheon E lectrwagecic} Electro-weak Weak. ~ poston aa ee ? e T>r10 gps: Fome difGcolh Ris cewwlt fe feory |Newton's Fivet Law a1 "Ever bel cowtinues in iby state of vest, ov in onde Sachin in a wight dine (straight Aine) unless i is compelled do change Hat haw of Inertia, ~ Expresses He tendency, of bodies to maintain thew original shale of! motion.8B RRecence_ Frames haw is wet valid in all reference frames. Valid i xpecial frames Le anevtial ReRevence Frames ' oO oP ball 7 xt ++, @ oa=0 “oe Ce C6 ¢F F447 Ball Gived in groond Kame + Train acceleveles Ball ars to be sport aneoosh acceleveted even Rood Bas no fovces | on it. Test fou inevdial veSerence Prame : - Tale a free tbody (mo fovees acking) -20 ib persist in a stube o@ onifn mobeon =? trechiol Reference Frame. Any ofRev veborence frame in onifoon tars labioed rekon Melek tect Otte ie cise) on eerie nen: Ale ie Coreeched utieg we lehucs ote the fist is not an nectil frame. Ear& based Leame: Not inertial a Effects small Contrepatal Accelaxation (Retahion Eyucker) = 034 mls ~ Revol otion) =Newton's Second Law 34 - Extablisted ie relationship Bageen force, acceleration, and mast. “Re DPange in _ (accelevation) iS prepot onal ‘4 the wehive force impressed : and vs made m Re divecton of ie wight Line Cheaight fine) in uRich He Bree is impressed u = = — @- uh = a te x move covvect atabement, ae cr vy will discuss lebev +A faus of nature + Precise deSinition of Lovce Valid LrCS— frames. sew Fad in tHe same direction units : sr Fema ae =N (Newtons ) meth = FIN. on Whe i welsh, wee [shag Vrs | poond. ae 1H s4Definition of Mass $10 = stedard of Mass Cha) = Compare wasses balancing “lst pos in ovtey’ pace / vl m Ms Compare’ son of weighhs tee ater) Proceduve = Common Lovee acing on shandar d and onknocon masses - = Under action o& Re force Re bodies will accelerate relative to ack oer. — do experionevit moan inertial Lvame. Ms, Xs mass, accelerction o® standard mM, wass, acceleyation o8% onknowon. E = ma = thes nell etl + Mass => a wmeasuve of vesis tance a b fhe ty ae _ velocity + hava masses Rave s accel evations dhe to Given ce. + Mess is an additive property of matter. M= WMSupevposi tion o8 Fovces aie 2S severed forces ot on boty. - Hous does it move ? Reineiple_of Sopevposition => = IL several Sovces Aa 5 act simoltaneousl a body Ren +e acceleration is Ae same as Rede phduce d by ARe “eg force + ee ae Net: LL et /rerstart force. ~Vecbor som 08 individual faces, Laws « Nokuve : Tested Experi mental. dary Notion r t “4 Plan on Newton's Second Lavo = = Fit = MN aFa Zz > Fz ma Forces, irate individual a B= may accelevations oe = = = ReBRshe = mila ewe | = = Fo = ma’ Ne CC Qa Fwa : In Rectamgoleue Cage) Coovdined ¢ System. TR = may ™ ott " may Euesions of Motion ™ 1 ” wv may8-13 m= Toby Wh is acceleration of 0 a S . R= 184 00 EAT > 4 is R= of iy 2 = 22 2 ie t Ri Frt = tee Fee \T4S* = 9.60N = EN A a= & HEE . ate ise wn A 7 | Frame divection as Fe J A= 860. 3.67 w/s>Example 4 ( n 4 7 4 wre Smls ean ra x A Flat disk oP mass m= akq slides on a froen Rake with an initial speed ars Sms. Frictional force Ras a constant Pvclae fz 4Nn opposite to wotion’. How far does Re desk slide before coming to vest? Disk Bas no vertical motion — Tanove !! Som o® all verticd Brees epoals Vevo. Roose coovdinede system | > Bre cd Se “£ a = -AN A: -% m/s? I-D Kinemabces FP - 7" = das T— distance jravelled. Tee 0 Ren disk shops. Lats Aas ~ aga/f . - 32 7 Wiha = SSfageay = 635mExample eS A stone is aRirled in ow civcolav path at constant speed. m= 100% Re aa oz 3/8 Whe fovce must be adking on the stone? ae We (anls) : 45m/s* [Tooavds center] R ~ oo ‘aqee Ft mag: (01) 45 = 0-45N — [Toeaurds center |Sctléch____.. Saw a ria" oS [SCIENCE HeALrH -TECHNoLoG Scagnce HISTORY SIR ISAAC NEWTON In 1687, a very dour and domineering fellow, a man who fived his life at the brink of a breakdown, wrote one of history's most important books Sede wages ono ee feng and on icerpeing te BenIsaac Newton: dour genius” “Segmonse woodcut oon tnerigtion aac Rovio ta ind Sara wa oot Sone eee sae ore uthdng ote "ho aan mic SpE bea