Punnett Squares:

Codominance and
Incomplete Dominance

Quick
Which organelle
Review

carries the
nucleu
s
information needed
for making nucle
proteins in a us
eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus has
________
one job, and that
is to store the
DNA
______.

Quick
Review
Image by Richard Wheeler
DNA is packaged into a very
long
molecule
chromosocalled a _____________. When you
talk me
about chromosomes you need to
DN
realize that you are talking about ______.
A

Human
Chromosomes

The instructions or __________ for

bluepri
making proteins
are found in the
______. The information
is carried in
DNA nt
sequence nitrogen The
the ______________________.
bases
sequences of
DNA that helps to create
gen proteins are known as a
and regulate
a
llel
______. Thees
different
versions of a gene
es_______.
are known as

Madeleine Price Ball

The combinations of alleles in an

genotype
organism make
up the organisms
_____________. If a gene affects the
express
physical appearance
of an
edit has been
organism, we say that
____________. If a geneunexpres
does not
sed
affect the physical appearance
of an
Subject Subject Subject
organism, we say thatA it is B
C
Genotype for
______________.
BB
Bb
bb
Eye Color
Phenotype
for Eye Color

The physical
appearance of an
organism that results
from the expression of
phenoty
genes is known
as the
pe
organisms ____________.
Genotype for
Eye Color
Phenotype for
Eye Color

Subject A

Subject B

Subject C

BB

Bb

bb

Brown
Eyes

Brown
Eyes

Blue Eyes

Brown eyed photo by Erin

Blue eyed photo by
J Drewes
Silversmith

Define the following words using

a vocabulary reference sheet if
available.
Define
homozygous:
Homozygous
gametes form when
__________________________________________
the same genes join together. (GG,
__________________________________________
gg, TT, ss, etc.)
Define
heterozygous:
Heterozygous
gametes form
__________________________________________
different genes join together. (Gg,
__________________________________________
Ss, Tt, Bb, etc.)

FF
Tt

Solid gray fur

Long tails

bb

Blue eyes

Ff

Solid gray fur

TT
ff
BB

Long tails
Spotted fur
Brown eyes

Bb

Brown eyes

What you have been taught so far is a

very simplified version of how genes
interact. It is often more complicated
than just one gene being __________
domina
over
another. Sometimes, genes are
nt
codomina
considered
______________. This means
express
that they
arent
both __________ (made
ed
into proteins).
Blood types are a
perfect example of this.

Codominant genes are BOTH

expressed in the phenotype!

1.If a person has genotype IAIA, their blood type

(phenotype) will be ______
2.If a person has genotype IAi, their blood type
(phenotype) will be ______
3.If a person has genotype IBIB, their blood type
(phenotype) will be ______
4.If a person has genotype IBi, their blood type
(phenotype) will be ______
5.If a person has genotype ii, their blood type
(phenotype) will be ______
6.If a person has genotype IAIB, their blood type
(phenotype) will be ______

A
A
B
B
O
AB

Red blood
cell

Your blood type results from a protein that is

found in the membrane of your _____ blood
re gene IA, then you make
cells. If you have
d have gene IB, then you
protein ___. If A
you
do i, then you
B
make protein
___. If you have gene
NOT both
_________ make a protein. If you have
bot IA and gene IB, then you make ______
gene
h
proteins.
They dont prevent each other from
express
being
ed ___________ (made into proteins), so they

IA
IA iIAIA

IA
I i
A

IA IA IA
IA i

% A =100
%
_____ 0%
%O=
_____

IB iIAIB
IBi
i IA i
ii

% A =25
_____ 25
%
%
% B =25
_____ %
25
%O= %
_____
% AB =

IA
IB

IA
IAA A
I I
IA IA
IA IB
IA IB

% A =50
%
_____ 0%
% B = 50
_____ %
% AB =
_____

IA
IB iIAIB
IBi
IB IA IB
IBi

% A =0%
_____ 50
% B =0%
%
_____ 50
%O=%
_____
% AB =

IB
IB iIBIB
i

I i
B

IB i
ii

% B =75
%
_____ 25
% O =%
_____

IA iIAi
IA i
IB IBi
IBi

% A =50
_____ 50
%
% B =0%
%
_____ 0%
%O=
_____
% AB =

i
i

IA
IAA
I i
IA i
IA i
IA i

% A =100
%
_____ 0%
%O=
_____

IA
IA iIAIA
IA i
IB IA IB

IBi

% A =50
_____ 25
%
% B =0%
%
_____ 25
% O =%
_____
% AB =

As we have seen, not all gene

combinations are as simple as having
one dominant gene and one recessive
gene. Below is an example of another
exception known
as ___________
incompl
dominance. Basedete
on the diagram,
how would you define incomplete
dominance?

RR

rr

Rr

R
r R
R
r
r
R
R
r
r

Incomplete
dominance occurs
when a
combination of
genes produces an
_____________ trait.
intermedi
One
trait is not
ate
completely
dominant, and a
diluted phenotype
appears that is in
between the
homozygous
dominant and
recessive

R
R

R
R
Rr

r
Rr
rr

Examining Incomplete
1. A species of flowers
Dominance
exhibits incomplete
dominance between
the allele for red
flowers and the allele
for white flowers. If a
plant homozygous for
red flowers is crossed
with a plant that is
homozygous for white
flowers, what
percentage of
offspring will have
pink100%
flowers?pink

flowers

r Rr

Rr

Rr

Rr

Examining Incomplete
Dominance

2. A species of flowers
exhibits incomplete
dominance between
the allele for red
flowers and the allele
for white flowers. If
two heterozygous,
pink plants are
crossed, what
percentage of each
color of flower will
appear in the
25% red
offspring?

flowers
50% pink

R R
R
Rr

Rr
rr

You get 3 different

phenotypes!

Complete the following Punnett

squares about incomplete
dominance and answer the
questions go with each cross.

R
r

Genotype for
Flower Color
Phenotype
for Flower
Color R
r
rRr
r
R RR
Rr
Rr
rr
Rr
r
rr
rr

50%

Subject
A

Subject
B

Subject
C

RR

Rr

rr

Red

r
r

Pink
R
r
Rr
rr
Rr
rr

50%

White
R
R
R RR
RR
Rr
r
Rr

50%

Codominance vs. Incomplete

Dominance
Two different types of chickens are shown
below. Assume each the chicken below is the
results of a cross between a parent with
black feathers and a parent with white
feathers. Based on the definitions we have
learned, which breed shows co-dominance
between feather color and which shows
Chicken with
Chicken with
Black & White
incomplete
dominance.
Gray
Feathers
Feathers

Incomplete
Dominance
An intermediate
trait appears in
the offspring.

Codominance
Both traits appear
in the offspring.

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