je ” THE MIDDLE AGES SERIES ; Medieval Woman's Song No ar Si Bie uve te Cross-Cultural Approaches t A complete ist of boos tthe sees ‘saralble fom the publisher, Edited by Anne L, Klinck and Ann Marie Rasmussen“The tee clare of madi! Thera Chain, Jv, Matin —and he ‘chon among tiem have ocaionsd considerbi intrest oer the past ‘decides! Therole of wonten mans in these ee cazweshaslong been of loreret to me, from boca sonlemle and performance oreted ipo ‘rom the pepsi of ehamascoloy, muh of my earch hs ose ot deo Spanish Sephdisng, rely were’ ron ws 008 ad Inflsence gomgbuck othe thee rrer of mali Tbess Ae apertoeming ‘sian Workig with medal sc, as well as Jude Spunish and laced “Mesieranean adios, Tha found terol of women asians in medi rl Spin otra inti area of chy. Ths enya ceded 83 {gsc reve of women ole medal Tein ae corel rele 0, ploring the own actives and ates as sans and composes, ‘pelle inages of ened andes toward hem in contempoeneas pty sd ‘ther wring, “The su of medieval were mus pesents seven calngs, Hist, snd most dif s the gener pasty of muse nowion for wom {ge of the tie.” While within he muse of merieval Chiean ey is asible wo apply the wiespead practice of anf? al set poems 0 cin which ether prosody der pons forthe Jew sod Mastin comes he ie, a hey ll no generally noc ‘hele mas, Tens are problema aswel even in teen ofthe Octtaian ‘pai, the women teoubadous of Provence, nol the Women can be ‘Seated with ean. The namerous poems ina womaas oie in Galan ‘orniguese and in Ol French some of which do fave musa notation a ‘oc ecsely “womans songs” nthe ese of bel composed by Wonen| Women and Muscin Medieval Spas TheeCulet 67 snr consuings women ceptor. Ont eter hn documentation of medieval women’s invohenent mse, formal oc normaly xen svat sre ait toward women asians is plicand prt eng it sll te cure meer Spin. ‘san cthnomsiologs, 1a soae speciation dea fro lad ‘onto complement th ssl donnetton, hough wi he eaon which is obvouly required My work ar a perfor of lion musi nd coal wadlon ges mie another pespeatie on the image of women ade ‘songs and on what teas oa woman og th. Whether ae sbious dls inapplyng alate eat cenayeribty toa oti epons, this poe of view abo flows cueatsathropologa eas twa the scholar’ involvement a peron inthe cutee tying. Oo 4 i ferent, praca eve my pefoming scetes eae met apply he i> cal tednigue of ftom, ns ez sei maieal women’s pots thous accompanying notion w appropri contemponncous wad, and ot out tee setings by permis em to aden with vous epee of Knowledge of the sepeoie. Foratehy wun singing in public today docs raise te srt of cose penuon about ay oily ened profession aii for my Iberia calengues of ihe cones (nthe other hand, thee ae several ient Kad of publ, and women's mal oe yard according to he contain whic hey wereexpessd. ‘Women Singers and"Their Roles Refeenos to women’ ave invlveent in ms and pc go far bck, 2 the Old and New Teaments andthe Apocrypha to ancleat Greer 9 wate ng Javea, Maria Pin, Se Jha Chay, aoe Resiessuch ‘obvious and ely id sources sth poe of Sappho, cnecan pel ‘comb conics, epics, maze poems, xeply and mets posts ia ‘ography yells futhe tformtion;and thet ate scr aon, — rosy egutve—o women singe by eligi aos inl ice emis. ‘Women wer inrumesalis aswel assingers. In alles cates 2) were—andthooghou the Meera sl eased th pte Son nsrumens, This ssocadon as be contin fom Mya lying the tnbowrine nthe parting ofthe Red Sea, dough Fevenasdeeipon of Spanish sng wid cvtnes, and doe of Sei semen dat wosnen invent percussion, The eelabsted Caner de Sat Mara Ae {nso Xincade sever mises of women usa of te ne clas,a apes al the Arche of its aon fw women mus bt en ‘pes cern of inant cng gegen foto eo theo Ta he Pe ara Glin monn sel seg rong hel pecan fant Gata ww winac stn cess ee hom! The most secave and sxomplihed ates could instruc sh ‘nen pct Ton Hn, nd command peace pies. As Nadia Lach fs i anging was x esurcment for deed of th ema claves, 0 ‘men not ony sell bt abo aesthescy and neectaly"® Saves ‘ne oan Chit Teva, Cli, Lamba, Pane fom North AE ‘esa fic amunt war wien sour ther rape nests and dada ‘aes For exanple ate relents eles For Milas ‘mca gi fot Mesa for the singig and om Echo orth Ste ojng bur notte din, He ao oft noomasialadvce: Berbers ox ‘Fncks for volopeucutbese, digo obedience, and hea Tass for ong cildren;Elopians for nusing and Nubians for obienc and nur Ing (wth he caso thar dy esd to hive. Cosas, he obser’, [ew now to sepuin thse swe sl wash om pce es us wat shored y other poapess wel. Jewsh women post are the moat cai fal. Qusmna ved in ewe ‘emu Grads, ashe th auger of pox, probe famous ‘st Samuel bn Nagra HaNagi (995-1050); se wrote in Arbic* The Tananed wife of te facta ttt ery pct Dusub ba Labret one pou, te nly Hew poem by 3 Hspano-tebrale woman even its Ether a8 womans poem sf om cerain. Much at actos che Seni of Gibran, the Moroces Jewish Fre Bat Avraham composed pip, Hebe yon Women, rae young gl musicians ade fly deve in neleal Hirano Hebralc mes por, baits ulely the tee late plang maidens among the wine and dower were wish ‘Women Poets and Ther Points of View: The Christian World “Tho the tin ae fom cou the Pree, he toubadours works ‘onboth ses, andthe lack of «documented paral! Tein train othe Women and Music in Medieval Spl reeCaleues 7 ‘robs aks i imporen to comment bly onthe poeuy ofthe ewe ‘ersinlar reson, the French del ho be ero ‘Tae rebut poo senior rion noe aspen of cy tre delete compositions For Mata Tomary Brake, the bins Une th roubadoare "combine within ange femal peak ne arb cri and the pop eae pence"! Tbr pcr hus fen bon ‘hancteraedasteingina generally ese, move det oie than woxbadou poetry. The rab cal men into gueron agin, de Mon ‘women poe there a eti sese of pie and conta o much of te wrtng, Fale mode was no among the charace tts, The Comte de ‘Dia, he oni dts for whem we havea maraseip rood, rmmentss ‘er own stancons “Vier des mos pc co partes / eeu © plus os fs orig” ("My weet, ace bth, beau and ly thous thauld cary sme weigh). Joan Feats has anlar some cance apes of das heck. * ‘Shen hat compara the weubsdous, de women poets make Moree of dice adres eirlovers hey ne owe ver Forme xpsing th ft fn more negative expressions; they se more wowdpay and yes vt tometinesatack the comveaseos ofthe cour game. Bruker cations ‘plat “tedetiou snd aie Mes about te tabs epantny ad exes” (obla 20182), cling fo asaber amination of hems ‘fsincry inthe mine corps Refering to ean Market Fees ober tion hat the ene expressions which ny sen rsronely coavertiona™ oa ‘rotour poem my be need bythe same cates as "spootnes" aa “ins composition, ce pos ut ut our own eons of re 2 female oles nuenc oo perception of incr fa male and Tena poss (Tobie? ana). Bhewbere, Beaker ao points ou tht both th male tn Femae Occ cou pots “opens te whom ion would aves belveis is to petal fromthe har” (S07, 3). "The ou sags in Womat’s vole vary fom he losora Cant for mon coge (Cit de Dow), where the speak holds onto ber absent Cruadertlr a nigh Lhe a city ake, oa nab of poe exo ling the advange of one over oer on’ husband, Mare de Digna, 2 tar apeic ame given a woman campos Old Frenchy stat 3 “pele pee” should ave coer in all oessoas and weather” ‘Gildeen ae barely mentioned in any medieval Romance ngage wom ‘ats poe. Among th mbar, the nly poeta dans mento cin oe so negate: "mnsfr lata cue ques rn pene” (Think makinga Chap Sabi is hath penn? SW, 29; buick” 204). Te oa ote poms lat meton den bth Gow Span ad ped by ree fi. Oae by the ued wie of he etary poet Du Ibn Tat he ete ed 40 Mayr Ari eel pou oe bud “These oe oth cc ioe dt ek: “The corps of Gala Pogues oct bs saul god dea of iscion abou wha sand wet composed by women Tie en “Scr mig de amor (sng foe) adh ean eng on ma ec (sng of el), with hpi nce ‘oomer snd ek also poss (heater plop lepine tect uy) ate tbe wrk fl act bt the sop of he ctr tony ot so ey cba Rs Leggs tin op de sigs corp achlpsnoved om worn ton, fete nani ‘catgut ook rhe woman ™ "There Galen Yoreguse ng de ame with ns by Mic sn Godoy and seve and wut. Kaen Ale ee le ‘pred open” bathe te of ms of ee poans yong orig fran cera sect beloved Wht or oe appx a the yon often is coxanly accra ee, sd oe tt cos sexy ‘eres le pot ay ego aa wor pote eat —o 8 Lae Tew Gur wold ave endear oe anon ‘wep dh bone coven Ts nic only Fant Case, of he pense and ger stu fowe rounded by esp ofthe nasal th ami amuse of conventonaly ‘erpeper ones conparson wid he piste bseratons othe maar se Joyo gl tS apes snd pane The mother ower, ‘whom hy ey dese ave me dace "Dag e it ‘eng youn, wt hisoaled songs, which ar worl gue ‘reagingmada consent uct ven a”) Adie ar “tmothr sper ins pom by ko Bolo” sis one Wanye wir eogher bane enter as peed es os aig oe (al me ‘golf: =por vos pal essa Nes 004). ero dee pet Sanother motberdage dogo, wich has 4 Uc rng about fe Dae wy do you lots mize tho dye?" aod singing ALL te ene?™ (Vio fll "Nem poses, mai, mpd Caran? Nave 5). Nate ls doe thr neo png ‘One for xn eles herkonrs aston agonising ‘athe gos on wepng a alg to be djing of ve, br neve j 4 a Women and Muicin Medieval Spai’s Tiree Caleues 73 continues to show up in pac ea “ea nana eu vo more pene, sato ar veo aancaenandes* (Nantes 19, cf). ‘Aldhough none of thr por fa sive, cae shuld mento the ccviu dade of Gals, aclading Mats Baltes, who ithe abject of ‘Seve amigas cra, ani mock by Pero da Ponefor eve lk” fer runk™ No eh and erat owe” ot ote aon wih the 2? forhex;on he deathbed, appears date ony she woul ones, ar which mos weighed os hero que ns pea”), wf nga» “The ade "OK? pst of the “ance escort (uncut port) ven today, in many Galisan and Pog wages 2 sre of ‘hervarocut when anode women mares [ny eve Lacon invinthe-eye ss of amr may be mated ere by ale pet, ba fs ‘ho seaager tthe medi! Grbon-Pormgess fi: the come ements ‘ened by Roger Walle probably eopeman the ip fhe hers Tn at, {iave had ample occasion obra ding Skwork oer the pat few ye, thatthe women, especialy the alder women, of Galan and Portus ‘ings neti tet heme gig singe presngbly Tater ca, 2 numb of poem in a wom oie, “en boc eenina” appear in be eeth centr. Jae Wheteall dst ti conpaschancessoe ements of dicion ad ae eminioent of those duced above with le ‘onto een, and often a canta to yp coulis whic eam slays tobe the moutpiee of women pes vn of rcstance"™ "Brenthough thee lyseare inal ilibood mes cmpoions, posts Whe a icy ny well etc" deeply el aditonal sodlaton been hgh ‘ned cologldson andthe fae predament” Se cuties tre ain ‘ategorc lo ely Sie centiy Feminine ye: the dpe eek 1g) the malware (wbapply mcd), sd les pei comphint of forsten women” ding upto an overal heme of abandonment and ‘When alo Aicsses Major Aras poem 4y mar ras squib, en sioned above its jis evoke the martinelnelnes ofthe igs de oi, buch ime ina conse ating af manage a ple eat! An ‘al etre ire evortion ofthe cules cl que lo ayia / = bers ‘Maria gue dao pga (0 bring him to se Mari, whom be et {when} so smal?) The cone te Mayor's haan Rot Gomer’ dep ‘ore with Henry Is embassy wo Samatkand (1403); Goer wes ade ‘ple fo ex wel bt, while is isin "te bc kc tat pase for (Gain in Calan Ineary dees" Mayor ia Csi. Whe g-™ Chapter ge thar heels won wing in the vem, ears of corey Terry tends sp observation ich 20 me provides sls wih acon womens pet eeted in the mainesapes of velar Jueo Spi by ‘Sepa ween sroughoatcetariesOf inspora in various oan, De yermond dsausoa ofthe pcm add cer dinesiooy, icing ber Sen imagery, for example “el refering toa ship sal oc wo the weed of the Fats, and che “changing moods of he sea mired inthe changing {cores in which sh deere” ("ste #7). Miguel Angel Bees Pig sca the clement of mato ther han an exa-matal rehash, sad the poe’ religious element appropriate fortis restionship.* Wht ‘alls ofthe pom at acme lo np Mayor Ara staaty ‘wh te rere oer te “The Queen of Marea (La Reyna de Mllorgus) is ced asthe author of foureent entry Cala ove pcm, Mata de Ries ones be ‘one ofthe wo wives of James Tf Malloch Constans, who ded in 13468 Vint, whom heared son afer Tats pom she Queen speaks ofl ber lover ot nly fr de pasate spec fe reacna but ‘ko "to speck with him ofa kino things” (*ayeonar tea") Like the Cortese de Dia she har sing sense on oa Wort "Tam the bsclove ofa" (su tus sy mamas") "The Jewish World ‘Meal Fevish wooses ports dial o dics because soe ofthese ‘wang as come down ows. Qasmins desl ere in one poem sa per realy for harvest without an amendan arene; apparent when et Fer heard read she red her off wihout dhy Tn one Os own pocms, he avis heed o come rol garden" plck lee Tike aromatic myth / surrounded by Rowers to sag of good times" CA open gue hula amis rome /y eden de ors parcattr les demo"), seeing co age that he can salt Gotan et pos he Hk and jus sing about good vies, while she ties one ands [nmedsely marr off and lence. Detond pins atthe sear to ‘the poems, nding one atabutd tests Almac "Twat © prepare my meadow before somcone ese mowsicfor me” Vso pear mon Prat csurel mrs?) ‘One ofthe ey fow poem to mention ciden, noted eae, ithe ‘ne ein acted wo de wie of te tent cey Hlpano Hera Wome and Music in Metin pss Tee Gutues 75 poet Danas In abet, Avifforsadoming Mayor Asa pc slot 2 milenniam lt, she alas to her hutbnd’ dpa “vile lows {emember te graceful dor /on the day af parting 2 she bel her only id inherams ("vam kota ymino ‘alent / viol na nk), ‘As Deyermond pois out he avo pos hate he feet i 08, {swell dung and accesories ptt pocmesage ‘The imag of women in mens Hispano Je poe bao more clue ‘han in hee Spanh oc Abie counterpart In Hispano Hebe mets po these images tend to be ye” some have double meg ee seating the dine ove beeen God ao seh. Te Pomme ew to doce Vial sgh othe “ai rerosinha dE” the lovely one of Fv, who may or may not be ich es a"dona” (“yor pechape ee proper ame "Dons", whose py banca” ("we be) be hat managed 1 linps Todos Abulfaseninds ws ofthe characzaon by tnicy Imeatoed eter, he echoes tec saa when wits at Sp ‘shi “dotes rll wih crap ander gies abackands cx aio Ani gis who have “thann and Uesuy”—and ae dep a lec ‘297 Lae on, the poe poly renunes the carhypersperives ofthe poet ho Slims tac a azele sce as het / when he rly peed the fess" infringe "iy Ber though over my wicked dee td shame nearly covered ny fac" Rosen pots that masieral Hebrew Iie tur refed "wad dat keaaed women in order sence thes tat ‘mtologized women noe 9 malaise nosy" ‘An unusual clean of Jdeo-Catalan wedding posms fom the Ite Soares ena, though compan by tna, ray gv wa nae more redltic limpc ito the women’s wold Tela thee adie the ewlyoeds and the ane inorporate Hebrew quran frm the Olt ‘stamens, pel the Song of Songs. Tote roca he bbs aie “honor your ly, ex slowly think fier well cng nd-—dnv al esp — atest ding the fe year yore mari Te commend splay sp oath wo love, withoat any foes at lf pectal remedies for ipo ‘eoce For the bide advice nudes to be"ceun scram Hn ay he rum? opi, weave, and sev bea ein, and not m9 Wear t99 ‘mac akzap® Anovhex poem, «tvs on he malar theme, quo te Tevcews (1:29) proton ago sending one doughs into pom tion: maryingher fo an oldman willed is, sete sng o dened “The ld ran he poem annonces os bie tha of the gal ssc provisions he can ler sor and board Sat no conga elton. She reps by oxpresingan canes wh io Became widow say, and aly7 hae soggests providing her wih srg young a! The poem sme wae ing, anexempu, tn a arate offi 2 undesned bythe xdontony ‘tin, On the one hand one wonders whether a young fei won hve the emery to speaker mind ns ways on he oe ep Jingo specular on whee che poo yer Weep by complains sown wie "The Muslin Woda Forte Fagan Arabic women oss, Cristina del Mona dscasesdifeences |nmal and female Arabic poe, condudag athe main efeenes xe content ther daa sy The women’s por ena fever, tv rater han focsing on hase or swore may dere the woman esl. Wir and wine, present in mes pce, make no appentances, bu ee ‘women do steal oxastonall dea with eligous polealo fnancal slmutions There sas a eadency em the woman 3 peso, In gen ra del Moca shat the womels poems ze more sincere sod soma les conventional dae tention to the exter so the pyc, es ni and we fever theo devices ~ finding which eto Berane’ ane ‘othe bterations on ariocratie Wome pocay- Resting Brick secvations, de! Moe ali pats ou that he Hepsi momen pots ‘ros the caves dla 2 fay In thir ws of Innguagey selling the ‘sence ofthe highly edu Ansan slave gil mascans. Deyermeral pois onthe diferencia hs chic of inages some, uch athe pec, Fetlowingogkal fom heir suroundgs, eh och atthe eon, sl Ing etlerencesin ate ("Pern 8-80), absence of fae moda ie = fai of some abit poems, st «stem (thas hte wesc eon desiderst) war een esto poblen In some ofthe Hispano-Araie wore wags. Walaa bine ACM, the notorious Unayy pisces, ha to vere ebro on her sees sherigh ad "Tam mad, by God foro and wal, wt es og ny ‘own tou” and shee, grant my lover power one my chek and fee ny ses to whoever dats then" Theembrideed moto isco inthe eloaratie Texan word ofthe ect centr, inthe nnn ay oF Jige wore ara pesonal domament, wih a diag snd et, ngeicus company vere (mao lar), o the ager embroidered on» worms Seove (Pes Pago, 14-17). Ina poet ta er love, Walla hel ees ‘io ae"a prs, apa, an adler, awit aeuckoand hie” | | : ‘ome and Masi in Medieval Spats ThreeCaloues_—_ 77 (Peder, pt, adleo, abs, corde y da? Gal, 14), Sil the i prod es eyebno-asing einen and emai hae as kept es from cul aduley— which il no soph conn porty Maly fom making ctly pose remarks about her sex ife™ Aaader Win poet, ‘isha bie Atma, wrote in answer ta manage of, “Tam oe sod wil ever reply dog 1 who ve closed my et many lows” Ua Jeonasoy... anne contest un peo, yo que avec or ofsoceréa Seoney Gael, ), Hat bie Hann A-Chy sayy cape heros have yo eral eyes on my equal wth “and hve you er oud aye who ‘could ovebadow me?” (fas vs a algiensmcane a mi? 2 hae encontrado quien me haga sembra™ Gard 70), eninng os ofthe Comes de Dia se evausn, in haar mi, 0 sang beng In fse macy “The Arbicspeakng women ako show a dst diene in rept besween the cst wera pocy an he ies Wich ke Ucar lean have been proposed az emt fol waste pots tsi ‘or re mocked by men. ike the amen ae amg, he Mee oe at ‘eas, ate suposed on longi or me company ete cs teal expres Tas als a etre of Noch Aca and Mile Taster women’s orl poetry, but the Iter cgi scene rather aking inthe ‘nj. Mary Fae Keley cuts agate oman reading ofthe hw in amch the sane spit Brukaer’s ents sot feb poy at Wilicr'sand Aly’ abou theme de mig. Kelley appealing prove sive cncsons woth gun "he female oie rbd to nave control on tice lees the enignl male sure sok the won, the ‘muoabah pots ed tem to expe 2 male point of ew ate kiary ‘sted the reshma no seal appealing ign who hey posesby mens fhe reading roca Parallels from Oral Taition ‘While eis icky basins a bes to ny to dw concn about media poesy from an extant oral wade may provi some flute ‘ecution. The Galan Porugse poe, fr example find thee cho ks ‘eday silage women fom the sme se sey atop fr evel dose ssvetigon {a Musi and vis Mediernpesn clues, there areseeaidions hose tens provide areal conaro dhe more coy ic writen down* Capers Inmedieva masts. Yemenite women ong combine of ad nine ge: "Topened my beasts fr you" "Ta ke to bea cg oe eld felt yor Eagersipe' ws fr you, husband of wo, turaserpt {ele ound you. ite you. anda wight youl de> (Chap), "TU he wm be a judge, deter ay bund grid the cil pepper” (Gopi). Anew bride weep for ee moter "0 ose who bore me, ony ‘ne fat We cold share Would gay be you ma eva Frees” (Casp,8) Old and new aes combined in aetna womens ong the dove sing for you your groom hed vonone to bul above or you. tu uc avr in ney on™? Or “OM Tah as rong engi ‘ints to makeme ane vgniy—bow would we survieaas en with turds ids?" A young Bedouin woman ings "Whe doc big me 2 fesgc wort make hm dase does being mea ekevison I won put fon my makzup Jaden Spanish wedding tongs fr Moroso combine Poca, cook and elgius semen i cour echo of he mea Jieo-Gxtalan poems, the stuns wal andthe bide fh in God sre mentioned nasi the ame bath; another expres sition with ‘etroaseau, deigher worn in-awe onal ih hen gos onto Sse an eor dcan.™ Rose ema on the erotic charac ofthe bie seth in medieval Heber wedding poems, but that th git of spc, ‘nea wihrcgouly probed procreation, ier becomes ace the bide become the nagging wife" Condustons Inatre cleus of medieval Sai, women muiane were viewed ambi fem, depending largsy on wits they pore publi opiate scconling tne deinton of pbc and pvt, Many woke foc in Alle cules sees owes more dct language than do mens poe ‘he ne time, ome women sols have utopel gun stoma red {gotten nny scree wether ong ina wort vie ese lndoad composed or ere asc on, songs by women; bat bo ecm de amie ae he beac to conan elaent which uggst sas son of hat these te woman sho be. Whe mich ba bern ald abou he “popular ogi af ese ro gues and 2s el ofthe French efinwhich ay oiginatein poplar womans ong the el wore oral trader ofthe tine lest wo us and eantenperary al eon cx or oly gies, all ‘he more taal othe wie and ume. Women and Musics Maiev pains Thee Gates 79 Tntems of musi performance, one cn only spect. Whales se ‘eam of ge ndeadon for vocal tcniguen meal wring. here 'saohing to sbsiate fr sual eng the viel. I ol ton, theresa wide vary of msl jee and Yes recigies taming ta tonal women’s peice in Thea and other Medteranean ara proc trging eas of how one igh preced with the mesa! worse pe tote, taking aco acount bth group’ valle ladon, los mesial ‘oun, ine difernces, chs socoeconene ds, conten gee on, mame usta few Women nse aloo eu a spe sud Tn the Masi world hte war acl of high eiloconrtsas who, mong othe mses payed picked aged insure bowed a placed singe insuuments wees played by women cei ees of ‘Grin soc In al tre cates, an indeed eroghot he Medes: ean oh day, women were and enna oe experts in ha eld prc son insane hs another pascal ereingce, aor ‘hyn putes ar noe ante in medic mast. ‘Mase otto ming for many medieval pos ke the lively soll epee whic can be ented with womens and ion ex) ‘that ie kas become fay common to tance songs mo aden, We ow foes working Wid the ater tht many ental sipects ofpsfoxnance ‘aanocbe notated, ates notadequey, wah atl notion ters, id {he ae very Ul te of the mal repertoire, ing hee ig poem back to lif, one option steal performer ve wl 0 tee ot ‘elm th. Ths, my opinion, Iota purulaly cece ton. One lesa, which more pexformes have began to ie esc, ssl ‘anf, which sande choi the time oft, co soa long before the, and itl a wedespeead chaque, mary exes and over many cos, Several sade fave amined usin tiv Chi ‘an, a wala in wadional Sephari ering experimental vesdings of ‘hurts poems wo woshidour coir have ale ie pametng Cs 1 Trbri®st some ler prodoton. Behr, y own ‘apermenseting some oe sung poo menoned above that of Da ‘ts supposed wie ce Jdeo-Calan sees, apd the Potagurc Vials Iyrks—to music of tele vespective spins and sea® While no ae cn foe guarantee da these ar'the males wich were stale fee ‘ke nseletng time, plac and matching prosody coe ca atest poss strong psi othe poens having bon sang to thes Intempo mance spe an chai, we ve no amuance that ay cet ox cent document ain ceresponds to one of clos fo smi gobiSupers ‘ome, a leat, Mesieraein oe elton sem more Maly ode thn ‘phcemh- and ninewent-cenay Based Westen art muse eth aed ‘esque "AB an ethnomoscologst my defen ite well never hee hese ‘women sng, eter know What they sounded Ue, how difeready they sng ‘om te male canterporaes, how lees fom eck other —from one conuniy to dene, or fom spheres 1b, om unseoae 20 tighter Andalsinsve—orw dered from hel counterparts in Medroesn oa wadions which wil univ, Well never know what they ely ang ince eats ae” pcr, i each ob’ comma. Asa performer, howe, conn to work on preparing wast ee the ucoable, 5 Feminine Voices in the Galician- Portuguese cantigas oe amigo aber Comt (enmity Ce oth Anne Kit} “The dincve ois of women in Glan Prtgete poet consis one ofthe most inponant erry plone x et Tena turing the meter pid. Because ofthe large numberof oom nce (here ace oner five ane of the cnt de gy songs th lover") ~and because oftheir cobesvenes acd poetic honogeney, chs ‘orpas forms one of th maineepeenatves of te medal dion ow ‘o colar2 "womar song” Whos deus the een of feale speaker Men te the ahocs oF these cages, ven though chy adope a Womans oc Ia terms of diab male pots, wi, nd pan he Hiupanc cont provides Ide edna there no docunenmson of women troubadour akin to the Octane, aoe ate hee wt sh #3 Chitin de isan (Sern etary), nor does mich dere su ‘ve of nolewomen sting as pares of seer cl ke lana of ‘Aagiaine and her daughter Heanor, wife of Afonso VII of Case. The oramentedbenecence of Queen Unaca of Cale ws dete pial rowan the religious phe. Yer the maleate cain de age cate + Afypari ton of fenininy wore mille and even canary als, ‘os, and emodons aaa with he unfit and monotony res fot {be fenaeSgure in he male vole sig de amr (cage of Ne). ee shal. nthe folowing page the cng de gy onde name le of poet inventiveness wii the berry and herrea pate of he te, Wich continental” "The two lowe gees of Galan Toraguce ee poet cea dea (song ofthe fend hover) and cag de mor (von of lone), ete ‘nsimlrlore thames The objerofthsloe isthe woman whos stele thecere on Nowra Fags 45, os leit at Wa Mn Dn Khel Maa (Gon: Nonbenwes Cavers sa ~ ‘lors Bd, "Were an Tat oe ee par 747. 6: Seep Howard ows “Waren sng and Mee, sn Feads Gh eWay tx 3 Tay Hat, Sd Mat Sg Oration Sot te (Oca Ctao es) aineronp eS ear ch oe iu game ese pon SEO pen ps nee a wr ‘hones nvr pens etl oso: quod maps pte a ‘haan gator, wre hl Hp “The Ota Mi Cenire Won ache Go Nason Set Rly ety 5: Mahal, Sins ere at Spon: Rene Mul Cen he Late Mile pe 106; Mario Beker "Mgr of (bo ‘one Capo lo gig, “Pea Nob, Sih cata he Won ose late Mahal Song Eas ay (eer The Ot Maal Syl, Temes sa Spe o-6 {own Wee Seen ey, fl se a peconge in come rs Ron Woe : Foc pap of i aaacem numero igs osm oan exh ey olen el now e etwente xy fen” Sic {Eo fade Coen, Mea sg Cues na flspah ‘Song Cnn ag te Woes (Ns Re too aoa "Ss Ce "Th Ref Wen Muse in Mei Spa ‘eciiteei ndlin Commas (A snare, {bu} sor fs nanos of sts oven ne we bo ‘linet eas Boe pegs ona pee eR {thaws kn Spar Sng nA i Mon oh fee Mae Secs (Chango: Gey a Chg Tren on, toa ao Feuer Poe, Ensign Betenn Ruse a Bz a Tees ‘TadosCete eae ontsorpve n Goc ni Sn Soh eG Caen "Tan ane opamp omer ion Cane some Onna pu ca pc BAB alee Ness) Fh—— = Notesto Pages67-10 Ineo i 1. Rose re eos) Mai ‘Pa kerr enn aa) Bo ps Secon avy Fo el Se ‘igure gan Son dW WL a (Ovo i FOR a saath nga ra 2 cree ca Geb en ee et ee Gaerne See te kaa ee a ‘oot Pads of Boy al Too See aay ‘mah wrens b Gon None Gnosettsid Gat hopae es nh op AE ee en ie ae Gael eg Se Mc Ca Gay La my me ea ao- edna en Moe ae Coen Sane "Mita lA en do naa No 9). 15S Gina en acne i al yc ence setspae ma eran hap er a Mss pa An rons ego ney Sa rd Yo sacar ‘eB Maa Abr jr at ck) {Gene nc oe ms asl vo ej we mero da sl sgh ead ieee he meme ho pt ye gee He oa he tars aoa nomen ons ef ne as ‘crm tga ote tates ma he ss Jum aot “Te Ani Ree Bafa Co Cadet ys frre eed ae ee ron oR anne a Pei Seen Seabee avec Spee nacre a ral lew nae mina Cn Sa Gag fy tata eta pox iy Ait’ = te oss Eons Ov cs Ee Ente Suan Re ea aa to. ‘Se Rae Mente Paths ely Folge (Maat: an suet oo) ose Sh to. ioe fr Seat cape Eel ae Mend anomie wa Ra tin ems Al Mon 1s Slr Cos, "Lars dee sgn Bin () yA Noteo Pages 70-78 as So de Mags I-A) Zr ov ayo Mac Via (Gt: Vane Aiea) ate a. et ames Belay, “Gane Pose: Wo Ws She? AOS son 2 (ugar lene See Te fe Vs oun at ioe (SN cranial ras ng Sr 2 ot) 190 Bt Sct Chretien (a ec), Pn eo) $5 Gg) eas froma ini wena Mora emu Yo ny“ hs Moos Fo en Song ‘nets mopedcen Gee a ar). "The oan Handle Deady, Re Abt ‘ht. Das Berney Calo Pry), 21-5, 09.25, 1a sarin Sermons teem 2 ‘No Iowa he Sal of rma Rene Doi nT, = 2, Soran cay we oe Yoo Roache erie nerd iflens es! Ronan 35s, 2a Sachem grr / Me pr act i ue Fan ‘ego 1 et der mot coc nach ma os al ssoiper ("Toon iad woe / caste ocmbre. feng whe ietpasma Tym eee, Asp apne ny ket Tos ‘Eypany 2758-5) nS be Wenn Doers sce El Doar, Tar Ginter, Wea Pte Sa uly (Now ine Gone ‘aero st) er oe itr vee er. Gta ditbon sot pre rou ss.-4 nba Gly it Ser ope Wa, “oie Crn Element Ag Melina nd Pr So Ha of tn Rr asp R- Sos (Nears Dek Dat 0) 7-08 2 Avy Fee Sj Ie Gc of Mel gt Ian, 406) ees Soke tl ane Tenet ro he mde anna seinen eins ome a wit nln uid lanes queda comer Oude tr ae Pi (enna: Ed Msg) at 12 tcc agrmt cco devi noi i, cou mula SB ope omen ate ce Wa, 7. 7-387 in gai roa prague Foon Neo gab Rowton). Ase ain nnd coon ie aM. Roigss ape, Cong ted al dr (es, Len aia, 8), 3368 SeecDrcins oro grees "Soo ela ops Gilets Le wie mena) ap Se Caen ioe Mai 4 Con 78h te ietion oe aoe rn apy Oa Mn ao Dane x olson Snes Cac deal Ba Ea iia (8 a034 "Ue Renta te Exly Manse Coe in What ut 1s ‘Prec Stn Basie al Ele Semi Aen 8), 2 ncn i Ronin {See ao Aln Deen “Past of Image is Stop nd New Suopic Courtine bet nore me ono fete Dom ra hema ein rsa sexete Rani pes Bard mites Tam (a Cae Sopa Tein het 14) oe eee “o Whn nc Foe ksi poem! yn Sense cg ae tiie poe i shan po So eet iD pr As Et yp ne eS uy rs sar FSV oh sxe Sega (a ‘ui iMod oa). arora, se 4: Mayr Airs Pm i Eady Spi Cova in The Media ‘Mind Hut i Hf ln Daan Mahon ad Ral ‘Rar (Ladon et) ses 45S esr (96a: Ae 3982) 539-20. vost Omron nets can en ands 1 rot (Ayn omdnon gu bere af / Wea ye tna) ip Nedde le [to fh Pel et Row Lt urn Chr x) (Cords AL endo, 208) 98 “1228 nS. Sees Deyn, Tue go. ‘p.Se Doyen Pat #8 op 7 ol othe Hate et, Fan ‘Reichs, "A Danae Lata Veo oP ain etn Eee (ise): tponoe rand veri ofc os ed are ty itaotes etow ces Cnc Conn ed (a Freuna Const De). Se bn Acer,“ lls yon: Te es Sex Obj in earl Spon tata nd Le? fa Cras 2 (9) 1-9 an Tn ac," al awe rps io Mar us dn, Cae me roa pe agi Jot Jonpim Nine ing Lone Beare, 17), sas A Cael oy [oven "The Ves and the Vota oe Caan To Mr oe soho) ‘"Theao sor al orn sie Roe an oe Cope Po tad Ay nnd Here Py i pn anor eos Tope ae es ness san sponges ot caer depen” Ba, 34 Sete date bra a 55: Roun “Wren nied eee Lise So Rorsdmasinat ny Tn eigen pone to ine 1 cuofe (be Joi Can ae, Bua Sapp wick ce, sad Noto Page 95-1 oss ye op Vii), i Cat Ne Li Sg Epomicloget pte Coonnten: Hin ales) ‘2 orlucnp mc Cay -Mesal pe Ziman) oy oom smu ne pine n/ syne pte ea [eel nes nfm se Jace on Sas C rs i ur - Oca fyon at gener haf eo eon le cx. egw ftp hw Vl eg Enno Sues fj tol drys eta ee a ke SPemenpen inten Sa) SS hepsi cae ma elect in 9 fu tenis onclurtpalsnas™vlcaiesct ann noms Sogo ep an prema Se edo Had (Ppa) whens at oo? io pee Degen de 5a ve esas ‘Shstegibor tne gemini sr stocadety pa ce: J fiend gf ci solidi ons nk poem 93 Ym Teen Gr Spi nso Ar: Ey hep i pp yaoi, ar od pp cae "oy pe pune bre meyer con ute a Dn clare ‘inte a Hie) "Yabo ind My he Vegi pana wt i Whar pou” (iu nd tm ee ‘eka hiss rps guages Se hip ce) Ses Ga yt i amt oe ar Sn ‘eRe in obra Tend fs we nc ena Spt ea (a) or bes eo mete Ana Msn ‘foro esi os tn ss de on eA ‘ate ob devs ene hn Lah a Ses, aiSqpager pi Mend Ps Yen he Mona Kha saatioreantcey eC gn wm ty ey 2 tas po“ Sogo Cro he Yen Sn sca re Fine “rt peas sing Wane fag sn Woman ede Wes an (Wap Tie Cores vr GaSe ae “Wore inion, sc mee ql or Can wom ve Linkin ght Wine Woe Blaine Be Uaen sya Poy rata Cn a pt ea (ae Cojo por oroigcien Cuning ghee lsat ea ioe) yo edie gins cons rerlgeh mina Nott Pages 7-82 rand (ny Ea howe... Te he wilt a ai nn {he mong finer al Crome ws ns Ale), ie see . Seer empl he loving sehr ome oes by Lauro: “sma cette Eamc, (The gil ang of / very bea epee eve a ce ‘whores Aman pus cave mana tase die mend (erage wn inher re gn Al Ro Vins, 16 Forni 851, above a 164 Prone hey wor for cing te cop fh he een pares {nd in Alas Nene 149; Dace Abou, 763) aeAnigy Hes J Aon, (Gust; D. Day asin sy sad ese; Lan bt Dani a A Stace 9.15 Gade Guan, roars Rana 284 Papin} Za Dost abr, Poo, 198 Aine, a. "Ses hs Lerma Pao pan Ca an tip de soe iu dt ga anf op 1988), 98 1 Sea Mace cs er mrs rig ub ge caewpoigt, UL-AU ste (ite Unset de Lge t7, 90-0 SB ‘undo Spi, De oma i rma (Sia Pa: Cesta Se So ilo) ape Cot Asmar 85-08 ols penne aa, bee lye, sen we Ing? Powoeee, 8