AWWA E 101 (Vertical Turbine Pumps) PDF

AWWA El01 88
I 0 7 8 3 3 5 8 UOOZ743 3 W
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American Water Works Association
ANSVAWWA E l O1-88
(Revision of ANSVAWWA E101-77 [R82])
AWWA STANDARD
FOR
VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS-LINE SHAFT

AND SUBMERSIBLE TYPES
Effectiue date: Aug. 1, 1988.

First edition approved by AVCrWA Board of Directors May 11, 1955.
This edition approved Jan. 24, 1988.
Approved by American National Standards Institute,h . , May 31,1988.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235
COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services
A W A Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification.
AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and
administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard
does not constitute endorsementof any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use ofAWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to representa consensus of the water supply industly that the product described will
provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of
action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The
action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.
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Copyright O 1988 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
11

Committee Personnel
The Subcommittee o n Revision ofANSUAWWA
standard, had thefollowing personnel at the time:
E101, whichdeveloped this
Chester A. Green, Chairman

Dale D. Curtis
Denis L. Maher Jr.
Walter N. Moline
Chi-Seng Yang
The AWWA Standards Committee on Vertical Turbine Pumps, which reviewed
and approved this standard, had the
following personnel at the time of approval:
Chester A. Green, Chairman
Consumer Members
George Bryant, City of Montgomery, Montgomery, Ala.
R.H. Hohenstein, Board of Water and Light, Lansing, Mich.
R.E. Pillow, Baton Rouge Water Works Company, Baton Rouge, La.
F.E. Withrow Jr., Production & Pumping, Wichita, Kan.
General Interest Members

Manuel Carreno, CHBM Hill Southeast, Inc., Gainesville, Fla.
B.R. Elms,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
C.A. Green, Parkhill, Smith & Cooper, Inc., Lubbock, Texas
W.R. Inhoffer," Passaic Valley Water Commission, Clifton, N.J.
W.A. Kelley, MichiganDepartment of Public Health, Lansing, Mich.
D.L. Maher Jr., The Maher Corporation, North Reading, Mass.
C.S. Mansfield Jr.,? Amory Engineers, Duxbury, Mass.
S.C. McLendon, Holzmacher, McLendon& Murrell, Melville, N.Y.
J.F. Schultes, A.C. Schultes & Sons, Inc., Woodbury, N.J.
Charles Stauffer, Stauffer & Associates, Inc., Overland Park, Kan.
T.J. Stolinski Jr., Black & Veatch, Kansas City, Mo.
A.F. Vondrick, Arthur Beard Engineering, Phoenix, Ariz.
Producer Members
Merrill Berman, Layne& Bowler, Inc., Memphis, Tenn.
D.D. Curtis, Crane Company, Columbus, Ohio
H.A.J. Greutink, Johnston Pump Company, Glendora, Cam.
W.N. Moline, Byron Jackson Pumps,Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Chi-Seng Yang, GouldsPumps, Inc., Lubbock, Texas
*Liaison, nonvoting
?Alternate
...
111
"

Contents
SEC.
SEC.
PAGE
Foreword
I
History of Standard ..........................
II
Information Regarding Use of
This Standard ................................
III
Major
Revisions ..............................
PAGE
A-6.4 Capacity Measurement ...................

A-6.5 Head Measurement .........................
A-6.6VelocityHead ...................................
A-6.7Horsepower
Input ............................
A-6.8 Measurement of Speed ....................
A-6.9Large-Pump
Tests ...........................
A-6.10 Hydrostatic Tests ............................
A-6.11 Recording and Computation of
Test Results ...................................
A-6.12 Other Tests ......................................
vi
vi
vii
Part A-Line-Shaft Vertical Turbine

Pumps
24
25
26
26
26
27
27
27
30
A-1
Scope and Purpose ........................
A-2
Definitions .......................................
A-3
A-3.1
A-3.2
A-3.3
General
Part B-Submersible Vertical Turbine

Pumps
5
5
B-1
ScopeandPurpose ......................
31
B-2
Definitions .....................................
31
Standard Nomenclature ....................

Order Form ........................................
Inspection and Certification by
Manufacturer ..................................
A-3.4 Information to Be Supplied by
Bidder ..............................................
A-3.5 Sanitary Codes ...................................
B-3
General
B-3.1 Standard Nomenclature ..................
B-3.2 Order Form ......................................
B-3.3 Inspection and Certification by
Manufacturer ................................
B-3.4 Information to Be Supplied by
Bidder ............................................
B-3.5 Sanitary Codes ................................
5
5
Specifications
A-4
A-4.1 Pump Components .............................
5
A-4.2 Oil-Lubricated Pump Column ........ 16
A-4.3 Water-Lubricated Pump
17
Column...........................................
A-5
A-5.1
A-5.2
A-5.3
A-5.4
A-5.5
A-6
A-6.1
A-6.2
A-6.3
B-4
Specifications
B-4.1 Submersible Motor ..........................
B-4.2 Submersible Cable ...........................
B-4.3 Surface Plate ....................................
B-4.4 Strainer ............................................
B-4.5Discharge Pipe .................................
B-4.6 Pump Bowls .....................................
B-4.7 Impellers ..........................................
B-4.8 Pump MotorCoupling .....................
Engineering Data
Discharge Column Pipe ...................
Column-Friction Loss ......................
Discharge Head Loss .......................
Mechanical Friction .........................
Line-Shaft Selection ........................
18
18
18
20
23
Factory Inspection and Tests

Tests .................................................
Running Test ...................................
Typical Laboratory Test
Arrangement .................................
24
24
32
32
32
33
33
41
41
41
42
42
42
B-5
Engineering
Data
B-5.1Discharge
Pipe .................................
42
B-5.2 Discharge Friction Loss .................. 42
B-5.3Discharge-Elbow Head Loss ........... 42
24
iv

32
32
SEC.
SEC.
PAGE
B-6
FactoryInspectionandTests
B-6.1 Tests .................................................
42
B-6.2 RunningTest ...................................
43
B-6.3Typical Laboratory Test
Arrangement .................................
44
B-6.4 Capacity Measurement ................... 44
46
B-6.5 Head Measurement .........................
B-6.6Velocity Head ...................................
46
B-6.7 Power Input to Pump Motor ........... 46
B-6.8 Large-Pump Tests ...........................
46
B-6.9 Hydrostatic Tests .............................
46
B-6.10 Recording and Computation of
Test Results...................................
46
B-6.11 Other Tests ......................................
49
9
10
11
12
A.1
Appendices
A.2
Field
Testing of
Vertical
Turbine Pumps
A.3
Purpose of Field Tests .....................

50
Accuracy of Field Testing................ 50
Definitions and Symbols ................. 54
Approved Instrumentation.............. 55
Test Procedure .................................
61
A.4
A.5
Suggested
Specification Form
for the Purchase of
Vertical Turbine Pumps.......... 66
Typical Submersible-Pump
Assembly (Bowl Assemblies)........ 34
Submersible-Pump Discharge
Styles and Surface-Plate
Assemblies .....................................
35
Head-Loss Chart for Standard
Pipe ................................................
43
Head-Loss Chart for 90' Elbow ...... 44
Typical Laboratory-Test
Arrangement-Submersible
Vertical Turbine Pumps ............... 45
Power-Loss Chart for ThreeConductor Copper Cable............... 48
Field-Test Diagram for Line-Shaft
Vertical Turbine Deep-Well
Pump ..............................................
55
Field-Test Diagram for
Submersible Pump ........................
56
Field-Test Diagram for Vertical
Turbine Pump for Booster
56
Service............................................
Piping Requirements for Orifices,
Flow Nozzles, and Venturi
Tubes ..............................................
57
Field-Test Report Form.......,...........62
Tables
1
Standard Nomenclature-LineShaft Vertical Turbine Pumps ....... 8
2
Diameters and Weights of
Standard Discharge Column
Pipe Sizes.......................................
17
3
Line-Shaft Selection Chart for
Type B Material ............................
22
4
Standard NomenclatureSubmersible Vertical Turbine
Pumps ............................................
36
A.l
Limits of Accuracy of PumpTest Measuring Devices in
Field Use ........................................
51
Figures
1
Open Line-Shaft Pump (Surface
Discharge, Threaded Column,
and Bowls) .......................................
6
2
Enclosed Line-Shaft Pump
(Discharge Below Base, Threaded
Column, and Bowls)........................
7
3
Friction-Loss Chart for Standard
19
Pipe Col...................................
4
Head Loss in Discharge Heads ....... 20
5
Mechanical Friction in Line .
Shafts .............................................
21
6
Typical Laboratory Test
Arrangement-Line-Shaft Vertical
Turbine Pumps ..............................
25

PAGE
Foreword
This foreword is for informationonly and is not a part of AWWA E101.
I. History of Standard. This standard for vertical turbine pumps presents
the composite findings from studies conducted from 1949 to 1986 by committees consisting of manufacturers, consumers, and engineers. The first standard was
published in 1955. In 1961 the standard was revised to include standards for submersible vertical turbine pumps. Additional technical changes were added in the
1971 revision.Solid shaft motorswere added in the 1977 revision, together with
numerous editorial changes and soft conversions to theinternational system of
units. The 1977 standardwas reaffirmed in 1982 withoutrevision.
The standard is intended to serve as a guide in the preparation of specifications for the procurement of vertical turbine pumps in normal water service, as well
as an aid in designing pumps to be used for special conditions. Material lists are
provided from whichthe purchaser can select the proper pump metals or alloys for a
particular installation or wear environment. If any special items are not listed by
the purchaser, the selection of pump material will be made by the pump manufacturer.
II. Information RegardingUse of ThisStandard. The pump manufacturer will require local basic data prior to furnishing a pump and driver that will
meet the buyers needs. Theinformation will include such items as thetype of prime
mover and pump that is being requested, as well as the operating range and other
pertinent items that will be necessary in designing the unit. A specification form
that will provide the manufacturer with the needed information, as well as any exceptions to the standard that the user
may wish to include, is given in Appendix B.
In addition to the information required on the suggested specification form, the
purchaser should include provisionsfor
the following itemsinsupplementary
specifications.
1. In all cases
a. Standard used-that is, AWWA E101, Standard for Vertical
Turbine Pumps-Line Shaft and Submersible Types.
b. Certification and test resultsby manufacturer (Sec. A-3.3.2, Sec. A-6.2.2,
Sec. B-3.3.2,and Sec. B-6.2.2), ifrequired.
C. Sanitary codes (Sec. A-3.5 and Sec. B-3.5).
d. Liquid to be pumped (Sec. A-1and Sec. B-1).
e. Details of installation, if other than a well (Sec. A-1and Sec. B-1).
f. Whether the impellers are to be enclosed, open,or of the semiopen type
(Sec. A-4.2.2 or Sec. A-4.3.2
and Sec. B-4.7), ifthere is a preference.
Performance tests (Sec. A-6.1 and Sec. B-6.1)that will be required, if
any.
h. If field conditionsof installation are to be duplicatedin the laboratory
test arrangement (Sec. A-6.3 and Sec. B-6.3), provide completedetails
and a description of the arrangement.
i. If pump bowl assembly tests are not to be made in open sumps
(Sec. A-6.5 and Sec. B-6.5), specifytest conditions.
j. If bowl size exceeds 20in. (500 mm) OD, specify the basis for
performance guarantees (Sec. A-6.9.3 and Sec. B-6.8).
vi

k. If tests other than those specified in this standard are t o be performed

(Sec. A-6.12 and Sec. B-6.111, specify.
2. For line-shaft vertical turbine pumps, also specify
a. Type of motor, if other than specified in Sec. A-4.1.2.
b. Whether an oil-lubricated pump (Sec. A-4.2) or a water-lubricated pump
(Sec. A-4.3) is desired.
c. Table 1 lists two or more materials for certain parts. If there is a
preference for one material or the other, specify in each instance.
d. Whether pump-column sections are to be joined by threaded couplings
or by flanges.
3. For submersible vertical turbine pumps, also specify
a. Whether a strainer (Sec. B-4.4) w
l
ibe required.
b. Discharge-elbow head loss (Sec. B-5.31,if this is essential,
c. Table 4 lists two or more materials for certain parts. If there is a
preference for one material or the other, specify in each instance.
d. Whether pump column sections are to be joined by threaded couplings
or by flanges.
III. Major Revisions. The AWWA Standards Committee on Vertical Turbine
Pumps (formerly ANSI B58) was reactivated in 1985 to review the 1977 standard
and t o make revisions. The committee made several editorial changes for clarity and
accuracy. The material lists in Tables 1 and 4 were revised to delete references to
obsolete standards and to comply with current manufacturing practices. A formula
for design of shaft couplings was added as Sec. A-4.1.4. Tables for selection of
electrical cables for submersible pumps, which were included in earlier standards,
were deleted as not appropriately being a part of a pump standard.
vii

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A W W A ELO1
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American Water Works Association
AWWA E IO1-88
(Revision of ANSVAWWA EI O1 -77 [R82])
AWWA STANDARD FOR
VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS-LINE

SHAFT AND SUBMERSIBLE TYPES
Part A-Line-Shaft
Vertical Turbine Pumps
Part A of this standard provides minimum requirements for line-shaft vertical

turbine pumps utilizing discharge column pipe up to and including 16 in. (400 mm)
in size. The standard deals with a pump configuration up t o and including the
driver. Only electric motors are referred t o as prime movers.
Purchasers who intend to use the pumps for pumping liquids other than clear,
cold water should modify the requirements t o fit conditions of intended use,
preferably after consultation with pump manufacturers.
A-2.1 Line-shaft vertical turbine pump: A vertical-shaft centrifugal or mixedflow pump with rotating impeller or impellers, and with discharge from the pumping element coaxial with the shaft. The pumping element is suspended by the conductor system, which encloses a system of vertical shafting used to transmit power
t o the impellers, the prime mover being external t o the flow stream.
A-2.2 Pump: For purposes of thisstandard,a
pump may bedefined as a
device used t o provide energy for initiating or maintaining the movement of liquid.
A pump consists of three elements, defined as follows:

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AWWA E l O 1 -88
A-2.2.1 The pump bowl assembly is either a single or multistage, centrifugal or

mixed-flow vertical pump with discharge coaxial with the shaft. It has open, semiopen, or enclosed impellers. Assemblies are constructed for use with either open or
enclosed line shafts.
A-2.2.2 Thecolumn-and-shaftassembly
consists of the columnpipe
that
suspends the pump bowl assembly from the head assembly and serves as a conductor for the fluid from the pump bowl assembly to the discharge head. Contained
within the column pipe is the line shaft, which transmits the power from the driver
to the pump shaft. The line shaft is maintained in alignment throughout its length
by means of bearings and may be enclosed in a shaft-enclosing tube and generally
lubricated with oil, or it may be open and lubricated with the fluid that is being
pumped.
A-2.2.3 The headassembly consists of the driver, the base fromwhich the
column-and-shaft assembly and the bowl assembly are suspended, and may include
the discharge head, which directs the fluid into the desired piping system.
A-2.2.3.1 Thedriver is the mechanismmounted on the head assembly that
transmits or furnishes the power to the top shaft. It may contain the means for impeller adjustment, and it provides a bearing to carry the thrust load. It may or may
not be a prime mover.
A-2.2.3.2 The discharge tee, in a discharge-below-base installation, is separated
from the head assembly and installed in a column pipe at a desired distance below
the head assembly.
A-2.3 Driver: For purposes of this standard, a driver maybedefined
as a
device used to provide mechanical energy for the operation of a pump.Types of
drivers are defined as follows:
A-2.3.1 The verticalhollow-shaftmotordrive
isan electric motor having a
motor shaft that has been bored on the center of its axis to receive the top shaft of
the pump. Impeller adjustment is made at theupper end of the motor, and a means
to carry the thruston a bearing withinthe motor is provided.
A-2.3.2 The vertical solid-shaft motor drive is an electric motor having a conventional solid shaft coupled to the top shaft of the pump. Thecoupling should
provide a means for impeller adjustment. The mechanical and hydraulic thrust of
the pump is carried by a thrust bearing in the motor.
A-2.3.3 The vertical hollow-shaft right-angle gear drive is a gear mechanism
having a shaft that has been bored on the center of its axis to receive the top shaft
of the pump. The horizontal shaft of the gear drive receives its powerfrom the
prime mover and, through a pair of bevel gears, transmits it to the top shaft. Impeller adjustment is made at the upper end of the gear drive, and a means to carry
the thruston a bearing withinthe gear drive is provided.
A-2.3.4 The vertical hollow-shaft belted drive is a flat- or V-belt-driven
mechanism having a shaft that has been bored on the center of its axis to receive
the top shaft of the pump. Impeller adjustment is made at the upper end of the
belted drive, and a means to carry the thrust on a bearing within the belted drive is
provided.
A-2.3.5 The combination drive includes a means for operating the pump with
two or more prime movers.
A-2.4 Datum: Theelevation of that surface fromwhich the weight of the
pump is supported. This is normally the elevation of the underside of the discharge
head or head base plate.

AWWA E l 0 1
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VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS
A-2.5 Setting: The nominal vertical distance, in feet (metres), from the datum
to the column pipe connectionat the bowl assembly.
A-2.6 Staticwater level: Thevertical distance, in feet (metres), from the
datum to the level of the atmospheric surface while no water is being drawn from
the pool.
A-2.7 Pumping water level: The vertical distance, in feet (metres), from the
datum to the level of the atmospheric surface while the specified fluid flow is being
drawn from the pool.
A-2.8 Drawdown: The difference, in feet (metres), between the pumping water
level and the staticwater level.
A-2.9 Specific yield: The rate of flow being pumped for a well divided by the
total drawdown as measured during the metered flow rate. It is expressed in US
gallons per minute per foot of drawdown (litres per second per metre of drawdown).
A-2.10 Pump capacity (Q):The volume rate offlow, expressed in gallons per
minute (cubic metres per hour), produced by the pump, calculated for specified conditions.
A-2.11 Pump speed of rotation (n): The rate of rotation of the pump shaft, expressed in revolutions per minute or revolutions per second.
A-2.12 Head: A quantity used to express the energy content of the liquid per
unit weight of the liquid, referred to any arbitrary datum. In terms of foot-pounds
(metre-kilograms) of energy per pound (kilogram) being pumped, all head quantities
have the dimension of feet (metres) of liquid.
A-2.12.1 Head below datum h b is the vertical distance, in feet (metres), between the datum and the
pumping water level.
A-2.12.2 Head above datum ha is the head measured above the datum, expressed in feet (metres) of liquid, plus the velocity head (Sec. A-2.12.3) at the point
of measurement.
A-2.12.3 Velocity head hu is the kinetic energy per unit weight of the liquid at
a given section, expressed in feet (metres) of liquid. Velocity head is specifically
defined by the expression
hv
v2
2g
(Eq 1)
Where:
v
g
=
=
velocity, in feet per second (metres per second)

32.17 ft/s2(9.81 d s 2 )
A-2.12.4 Suction head hs (closed system) is the algebraic sum of the pressure
in feet(metres) of liquid (measured at the pump suction connection) and the velocity
head at thatpoint. Pump suction connection is thepoint at which the suction piping
is attached to the pump bowl assembly or its enclosing vessel. Note that a negative
suction head will add t o the vertical distance from the datum, due to the algebraic
subtraction of a negative quantity.

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AWWA E l O 1 -88
A-2.12.5 Pump total head H is the bowl assembly head (Sec. A-2.12.6) minus
the column loss (Sec. A-2.12.7) and discharge head loss (Sec. A-2.12.8). This is the
head generally called for in pump specifications.
A-2.12.5.1 O n open-suction installations, pump total head is the sum of the
head below datum and thehead above datum.
A-2.12.5.2 On closed-suction installations, pump total head is the head above
datum plus the vertical distance, in feet (metres), from the datum to the pump suction connection minus the suction head.
A-2.12.6 Bowl assembly head hl is the energy imparted to the liquid by the
pump bowl assembly, expressed in feet (metres) of liquid. It is the head developed at
the discharge connection of the bowl assembly and is an integral multiple of the
head per stage as shown on the catalog rating chart, depending on the number of
stages in the bowl assembly.
A-2.12.7 The column loss hc is the value of the head loss, expressed in feet
(metres), caused by the flow friction in the column pipe.
A-2.12.8 Discharge head loss he is the value of the head loss, expressed in feet
(metres), caused by the flow friction in the discharge head assembly.
A-2.13 Line-shaft loss: Thepower,expressed
in horsepower (kilowatts), required to overcome the rotation friction of the line shaft. This value is added to the
bowl assembly input (Sec. A-2.14.3) to predict the pump input (Sec. A-2.14.1).
A-2.14 Power is expressed in units of horsepower (kilowatts). One horsepower
is equivalent to 550 ft-lb/s, 33,000 ft-lb/min, 2545 Btdh, or 0.746 kW.
A-2.14.1 Pumppowerinput
is the powerdelivered to the top shaR by the
driver, expressed in horsepower (kilowatts).
A-2.14.2 Driverpowerinput
is the power input to the driver, expressed in
horsepower (kilowatts).
A-2.14.3 Bowlassemblypowerinput
is the powerdeliveredto the bowl assembly shaft, expressed in horsepower (kilowatts).
A-2.15 Pump power output: For water having a specific weight of 62.4 lb/ft3,
(relative density of l.O), pumppower output is defined as QH/3960. Pump power
output is expressed in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = kW)when Q is in gallons per
minute andH is in feet of water.
A-2.16 Bowl output: For water having a specific weight of 62.4 lb/ft3 (relative
density of l . O ) , bowl output is defined as Qhd3960. Bowl output is expressed in
horsepower (hp x 0.746 = kW) when Q is in gallons per minute and hl is in feet of
water.
A-2.17 Pump efficiency (Ep): The ratio of pump power output to pump input,
expressed in percent.
A-2.18 Overall efficiency (E): The ratio of pump power output to prime mover
power input, expressed in percent.
A-2.19 Driver eficiency mg): The ratio of the driver power output to the driver
power input, expressed in percent.
A-2.20 Bowl assembly efficiency EI:The ratio of the bowl output to the bowl
assembly input, expressed in percent. This is the efficiency that is usually shown on
catalog rating charts.

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Sec. A-3.1 Standard Nomenclature

Table 1 (page 8) lists the names of parts in vertical turbine pumps, the function of each part, the material or materials from which the part is typically made,
and the ASTM* material designation. In the table, parts are listed by number; the
part number refers to the numbers in Figures 1 and 2 (pages 6 and 7).
Sec. A-3.2 Order Form

A specification form recommended for
use in purchasing vertical turbine pumps
is given in Appendix B.
Sec. A-3.3 Inspection and Certification by Manufacturer

A-3.3.1 The manufacturer shall establish the necessary quality-control and inspection practices to ensure compliance with this standard.
A-3.3.2 The manufacturer shall, if required by the purchasers supplemental
specifications, furnish a sworn statement that the equipment furnished under the
purchasers order complies with all applicable requirements of this standard.
Sec. A-3.4 Information to Be Supplied by Bidder

The bidder shall submit, with its proposal, sufficient descriptive material or
outline drawings to demonstrate compliance with this standard and thepurchasers
supplemental specifications, and a performance curve showing pump total head,
pump input power, and pump efficiency over the specified head range for the installed pump.
Sec. A-3.5 Sanitary Codes

The pump shall conform to the sanitary codes governing the installation. The
purchaser shall furnish, as part of these Specifications, all information necessary for
the construction of the pump to meet these requirements.
Sec. A-4.1 Pump Components

A-4.1.1 Pump base. A suitable base of cast iron or fabricated steel shall be
provided for mounting the driver and supporting the pump column.
A-4.1.2 Driver. With electric power, the motor, unless specified otherwise by
the purchaser, shall be of the full-voltage starting, vertical hollow-shaft squirrel-cage
induction type, and shall comply with ANSI C50.10.t The connection to the top shaft
American Society forTesting and Materials, 1916Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
fANSI C50.10-General Requirements for Synchronous Machines. Available from

American National Standards Institute, 1430
Broadway, New York, NY 10018.

A W W A El01 88
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AWWA E101-88
Figure 1 Open line-shaft pump (surface discharge, threaded column and bowls).

A W W A E L O 1 BI3 W 0783350 0 0 0 2 7 5 7 3 M
Figure 2 Enclosed line-shaft pump (discharge below base, threaded column and bowls).

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O H
AWWA E101-88
shall be through a coupling or clutch in the motor head. The, motor shall be of the
proper size to drive the pump continuously over the specified operating range
without the load exceeding the nameplate rating of the motor. The motor shall be
rated as drip proof with class B insulation and with a 1.15 service factor.
With an engine drive, the power shall be applied to the pump shaft through a
right-angle gear drive. The connection to the vertical shaft shall be through a coupling or clutch in the gear head. The horizontal shafi shall rotate in the same direction as the engine drive, and shall be connected t o the engine by a flexible shaft coupling.
An optional method of driving, for an engine or horizontal electric motor, shall
be a belted drive-either a flat belt on a modified cylindrical pulley or a V-belt on a
V-groove pulley.
Rotation of the vertical shaftshall be counterclockwisewhenviewedfrom
above.
A thrust bearing of ample capacity to carry the weight of all rotating parts plus
the hydraulic thrust atmaximum operating conditions shall be incorporated into the
driver. For antifriction bearings, the bearings shall beof such capacity that the
AFBMA* calculated rating life (L101 shall be no less than 8800 h. If the design and
operating conditions are such that upthrust can occur, then proper provisions shall
be made to accommodate the upthrust. This shall be done by the supplier.
A-4.1.3 Suctionpipeandstrainer.
A strainer, if required, shall have anet
inlet area equal to at least three times the suction pipe area. The maximum opening
shall not be more than 75 percent of the minimum opening of the water passage
through the bowl or impeller.
A-4.1.4 Shaft couplings. Line shafts shall be coupled with steel couplings that
shall have a left-hand thread to tighten during pump operation. The maximum combined shear stress, determined by the following formula, shall not exceed 20 percent
of the elastic limit in tension nor be more than 12 percent of the ultimate tensile
strength of the shafting steelused.
s =
2F
n (D2-d2)
321,OOOP
+
n (D3 - d3)
l2
Where:
S
F
=
=
=
=
d
P
n
=
=
combined shearstress,in pounds per square inch

total axial thrust of the shaft, including hydraulic thrust plus the
weight of the shaft and all rotating parts supported by it, in pounds
outside diameter of the coupling, in inches
inside diameter of the coupling at the root of the threads, in inches
power transmitted by the shaft,in horsepower
rotational speed of the shaft,in revolutions per minute
*Anti-FrictionBearing Manufacturers Association,1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 700,

Washington, DC 20036.

NOTE:in. x 25.40 = mm; lb x 0.454 = kg; psi x 6.895 = kPa; hp

rpm x 0.0167 = rps.
15
0.746 = kW,
A-4.1.5 Bowl assembly shaft. The bowl assembly shaft shall have a surface
finish not to exceed RMS-CO (ANSI B46.1*), and it shall be supported by bearings
above and below each impeller. The minimum size of the shaft shall be determined
by the following formula for steady loads of diffiser-type pumps with shaft in tension due t o hydraulic thrust
D3
369,OOOP
2n n
(Eq 3)
or
Il(
2F
n D2
)2+(
321,OOOP
nD3
or
321,000
Where:
S
F
=
=
P
n
=
=
shaft diameter at the root of the threads or the minimum diameter of

any undercut, in inches
combined shear stress, in pounds per square inch
total axial thrust of the shaft, including hydraulic thrust plus the
weight of the shaft andall rotating parts supported by it, in pounds
power transmitted by the shaft, in horsepower
rotational speed of the shaft, in revolutions per minute
NOTE:in. x 25.40 = m m ; lb x 0.454 = kg; psi

rpm x 0.0167 = rps.
6.895 = kPa; hp
0.746 = kW,
The maximum combined shear stressS shall not exceed 30 percent of the elastic limit in tension or be more than 18 percent of the ultimate tensile strength of the
shafting steelused.
The straightness and machining tolerances shall be the same as those given in
Sec. A-4.2.3or Sec. A-4.3.3.
*ANSI B46.1Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay). Available from
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.

A W W A ELO1 8 8 W 0 7 8 3 3 5 00 0 0 2 7 6 6
16
LI
AWWA E101-88
Sec. A-4.2 Oil-Lubricated Pump Column

A-4.2.1 Pump bowls. The castings shall be free of blowholes, sand holes, and
other detrimental defects. The bowls shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic
pressure equal to twice the pressure at rated capacity or 11/2 times shut-off head,
whichever is greater. Bowls may be equipped with replaceable seal rings on the suction side of enclosed impellers. The discharge case shall be provided with a means of
reducing to a minimum the leakage of water into the shaft-enclosing tube, and must
have bypass ports of sufficient area to permit the escape of water through the seal
or bushing.
A-4.2.2 Impellers. The impellers shall beof the enclosed,semiopen, or open
type, statically balanced. They shall be fastened securely to the impeller shaft with
keys, taper bushings, lock nuts, or split thrust rings. They shall be adjustable vertically by means of a nut in the driver or an adjustable coupling between the pump
and the driver.
A-4.2.3 Line shafts. The line shafts shall beof a material listed in Table 1 and
have a surface finish not to exceed RMS 40 (ANSI B46.1), and of a size that conforms to Sec. A-4.1.5. For convenience, Table 3 (on page 22) may be used. The shaft
shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having a nominal length not to exceed
20 ft (6 m). To ensure accurate alignment of the shafts, they shall be straight within
0.005 in. (0.13 m m ) total indicator reading for a 10-ft (3-m) section; the butting faces
shall be machined with center relief and square to the axis of the shaft; the maximum permissible error in the axial alignment of the thread axis with the axis of the
shaft shall be 0.002 in. in 6 in. (0.05 mm in 150 mm). The line shaft shall be coupled
with steel couplings that comply with the requirements of Sec. A-4.1.4.
A-4.2.4 Line-shaftbearings. The line-shaft bearings, which are also integral
tube couplings, shall be spaced not more than 5 ft (1.5m) apart. The maximum
angle error of the thread axis to the bore axis shall be within 0.001 in. per in. (0.001
mm per mm) of thread length. The concentricity of the bore to the threads shall be
within 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) total indicator reading. The bearings must contain one or
more oil grooves or
a separate bypass hole that will readily allow the oil to flow
through and lubricate the bearings below.
A-4.2.5 Shaft-enclosing
tube.
The shaft-enclosing tube shall be made of
schedule 80 steel pipe in interchangeable sections not more than 5 ft (1.5 m) in
length. The ends of the enclosing tube shall be square with the axis and shall butt
to ensure accurate alignment. The maximum angle error of the thread axis relative
to the bore axis shall be 0.001 in. per in. (0.001 mm per mm) of thread length. The
enclosing tube shall be stabilized in the column pipe by stabilizers.
A-4.2.6 Discharge column pipe. Thepipesize shall be such that the friction
loss will not exceed 5 ft per 100 ft (5 cm per ml, based on the rated capacity of the
pump.Thepipe
shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having a nominal
length of 10 ft (3 m); shall conform to the provisions in Table 2; and shall be connected by threaded-sleeve couplings or flanges. The ends of each section of the pipe
may be faced parallel and machined with threads to permit ends to butt, or they
may be fured with ANSI B1.20.1 standard tapered pipe threads.
A-4.2.7 Discharge-head assembly. At the surface or below-base discharge head,
a proper lubrication system must be installed. It shall consist of a manually
operated sight-feed drip lubricator and an oil reservoir, constructed as an integral
part of the head or as a separate auxiliary unit. A tubing tension nut shall be in-

17
Table 2 Diameters and Weights of Standard Discharge Column Pipe Sizes

Nominal Size (ID)
in.
(mm)
(125)
(150)
(200)
2%
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14"
16"
(65)
(75)
(100)
(255)
(305)
(355)
(405)
OD
in.
(mm)
Weight (Plain Ends)

lb If
(kg I m)
2.875
3.500
4.500
5.563
(73.0)
(88.9)
(114.3)
(141.3)
5.79
7.58
10.79
14.62
(8.62)
(11.28)
(16.06)
(21.76)
8.625
10.750
12.750
14.000
16.000
(219.1)
(273.0)
(323.8)
(355.6)
(406.4)
24.70
31.20
43.77
54.57
62.58
(36.76)
(46.43)
(65.14)
(81.21)
(93.13)
*OD
stalled inthe head to allow tension to be placed o n the shaft-enclosing tube.

Provision must be made for sealing off the threadat the tension nut.
Sec. A-4.3 Water-LubricatedPump Column

A-4.3.1 Pump bowls. The castings shall be free of blowholes, sand holes, and
other detrimental defects. The bowls shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic
pressure equal to twice the pressure at rated capacity or 1% times shut-off head,
whichever is greater. Bowls may be equipped with replaceable seal rings on the suction side of enclosed impellers.
A-4.3.2 Impellers. The impellers shall be of the enclosed,semiopen, or open
type, statically balanced. They shall be fastened securely to the impeller shaft with
keys, taper bushings, or lock nuts. They shall be adjustable vertically by means of a
nut in the driver or an adjustable coupling betweenthe pump and thedriver.
A-4.3.3 Line shafts. The line shafts shall be of a material listed in Table 1 and
have a surface finish not to exceed RMS 40 (ANSI B46.1), and of a size that conforms to Sec. A-4.1.5 of this standard. For convenience, Table 3 (on page 22) may be
used. The shaft shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having a nominal
length of 10 ft (3 m). To ensure accurate alignment of the shafts, they shall be
straight within 0.005 in. (0.13 m m ) total indicator reading for a 10-ft (3-m) section;
the butting faces shall be machined square to the axis of the shaft; the maximum
permissible error in the axial alignment of the threadaxis with the axis of the shaft
shall be 0.002 in. in 6 in. (0.05 mm in 150 mm). The line shaftshall be coupled with
steel couplings complying with the requirements of Sec. A-4.1.4. The shaft shall be
provided with a noncorrosive wearing surface at the location of each guide bearing.
A-4.3.4 Line-shaft bearings. The shaft bearings shall be designed for vertical
turbine pump service, to be lubricated by the liquid pumped. They shall be mounted
in bearing retainers that shall be held in position in thecolumn couplings by means
of the butted ends of the column pipes. The bearings shall be spaced at intervals of
not more than 10 ft (3 ml.
A-4.3.5 Discharge column pipe. The pipe size shall be such that the friction
loss will not exceed 5 ft per 100 ft (5 cm per metre), based on the rated capacity of
the pump. The pipe shall be furnished in interchangeable sections having a nominal
length of not more than 10 ft (3 m); shall conform to the specifications in Table 2;

18
AWWA E101-88
and shall be connected with threaded sleeve-type couplings or flanges. The ends of
each section of column pipe shall be faced parallel and the threadsmachined to such
a degree that the ends will butt against the bearing retainer shoulder to ensure
proper alignment and to secure the bearing retainers when assembled.
A-4.3.6 Discharge-headassembly. The pump shall beprovided with a discharge head of the surface or underground type, as required, and shall be provided
with a shaft packing box and a renewable bronze bushing. The head shall also include a prelubrication connection to wet down the line-shaft bearings adequately
before starting thepump.
A-4.3.7 Prelubrication. On installations with a setting of more than 50 R (15
m), provisions shall be made by the manufacturer to prelubricate line-shaft bearings
adequately before the pump is started.
If manual control is used and a source of fresh water under pressure is not
available, a prelubricating tank, with the necessary valves and fittings to connect it
to the pump, shall be provided. The size of the tank shall be adequate to permit a
thorough wetdown of all the line-shaft bearings before the power is applied, with an
adequate reserve for repeating the process in the event that the pump does not start
the first time.
If an automatic system is used, bypass fittings or other suitable means shall be
provided to bring the prelubricating water from ahead of the check valve into the
prelubricating opening of the discharge head. Normally this implies the use of a
time-delay relay in the starting system and a solenoid valve in the prelubricating
line.
A-4.3.8 Ratchets. Water-lubricated vertical turbine pumps having a setting of
50 ft (15 m) or more shall be provided with a nonreverse mechanism in the motor to
protect the line shaft and the motor from reverse rotation when the power is interrupted and the waterempties from the discharge column.
Sec. A-5.1 Discharge Column Pipe

Diameters and weights of standard discharge column pipe sizes are given in
Table 2.
Sec. A-5.2 Column-FrictionLoss

The column-friction chart (Figure 3) should be used as a design guide to determine the loss of head due to column friction. This chart was compiled from data on
head loss where the flow is between the inside diameter of the column pipe and the
outside diameter of the shaft-enclosing tube.
For open line shafting, assume the head losses to be equal to those indicated in
Figure 3 for a shaft-enclosing tube of a size that would normally enclose the open
line shaft in question.
Sec. A-5.3 Discharge Head Loss

The discharge head loss chart (Figure 4) should be used to determine the
hydraulic losses in the discharge head. Losses in discharge heads vary with the size
of the head; the design of the head; and the size of tubing or shaft, column, and discharge pipe
used.
Figure 4 represents estimated average losses
based
on

AWWA E l 0 1 88
0783350 0 0 0 2 7 6 7 T
19
Capacity-gpm
~OTE:Friction loss
determined by laboratory tests on new pipe (C = 140).
)iagonals are labeled to show nominal diameters (in inches) of outer pipe column and inner shaft-enclosing tube. For the outer
lipe columns, the calculations used in constructing the chart were based on inside diameters, which are close to the nominal
izes for pipe up to and including 12 in. (for example, 10 in. = 10.2-in. ID). For pipe sizes 14 in. and larger, the diameters shown
.re equivalent to the outside diameter of pipe with 3/8-in. wall thickness (for example, 16 in. = 15 1/4-in. ID). For the inner
olumns (shaft-enclosing tubes), the calculations were based on the outside diameters of standard or extra-heavy pipe. Thus, 8
: 2 on the chart is actually 8.071 x 2 3/8, and 16 x 3 is 15 I l 4 x 3 /2.
:onversion factor: in. x 25.40 = mm.
Figure 3 Friction-loss chart for standard pipe column.

20
AWWA E101-88
Capacity"m3lh
10
20
40
60 EO 100
200
400
7 0 0 1 O00
2000
4000
10 o00
Capacity-gprn
>onversion factor: in. x 25.40 = mm.
Figure 4 Head loss in discharge heads.

manufacturers' information. When extreme accuracy is imperative, actual loss
measurements in the discharge head-with the correct tubing or shaft, column, and
discharge pipe-should be specified on the bid request by the purchaser.
Sec. A-5.4 Mechanical Friction

The mechanical-friction chart (Figure 5 ) should be used to determine the added
horsepower required to overcome the mechanical friction in rotating the line shaft.
The chart was compiled from test data submitted by representative turbine-pump
manufacturers. Variations in designs used by individual manufacturers may affect
the figures slightly.

Diameter-mm
Diameter-in.
VOTE: The chart shows values for enclosed shaft with oil or water lubrication and drip feed, or for open shaft with water lubrica:ion. For enclosed shaft with flooded tube, read two times the value of friction shown on the chart.
Figure 5 Mechanical friction in line shafts.

A W W A ELO1 8087 8 3 3 5000 0 2 7 7 2

22
T M
AWWA E101-88
Table 3 Line-Shaft Selection Chart for Type B Material*
Power Rating-hp
(hp X 0.746 = kW)
in.
(mm)
rpm
3/4
(19.05)
3500
2900
1760
1460
39.7
32.9
20.0
16.6
38.8
32.2
19.5
16.2
37.4
31.0
18.8
15.6
32.4
26.9
16.3
13.5
(25.40)
3500
2900
1760
1460
94.5
78.3
47.5
39.4
93.8
77.7
47.2
39.1
93.0
77.0
46.7
38.7
89.5
74.2
45.0
37.3
82.5
68.4
41.5
34.4
1 3/16
(30.16)
3500
2900
1760
1460
167.0
138.4
84.0
69.6
167.0
138.4
84.0
69.6
166.0
137.5
83.5
69.2
163.0
135.1
82.0
67.9
157.0
130.1
79.0
65.5
149.0
123.5
75.0
62.1
1 7/16
(36.51)
3500
2900
1760
1460
1160
960
296.0
245.3
149.0
123.5
98.3
81.4
294.0
243.6
146.0
121.0
97.6
80.8
289.0
239.5
145.0
120.1
96.0
79.5
283.0
234.5
142.0
117.7
94.0
77.8
264.0
218.7
133.0
110.2
87.6
72.5
1 1/2
(38.10)
3500
2900
1760
1460
1160
960
336.0
278.4
169.0
140.0
111.2
88.7
90.4
91.6
92.0
334.0
276.7
168.0
139.2
110.7
330.0
273.4
166.0
137.5
109.2
324.0
268.5
163.0
135.1
107.2
306.0
253.5
154.0
127.6
101.4
83.9
1 11/16
(42.86)
1760
1460
1160
960
860
71O
252.0
209.1
166.0
137.4
123.0
101.6
251.0
208.2
165.0
136.6
122.0
100.7
248.0
205.7
164.0
135.7
121.0
99.9
246.0
204.1
162.0
134.1
120.0
99.1
239.0
198.3
157.0
129.9
117.0
96.6
227.0
188.3
150.0
124.1
111.0
91.6
*Steel with a minimum elastic limit of 40,000 psi (276,000 kPa) anda minimum ultimate tensile strength
of 67,000 psi (462,000Wal.

AWWA ELOL 88
0783350 0002773 L
VERTICAL TZTRBINE PUMPS
23
Table 3continued
PUP ThrUst1000 Zb ( k m
Shaft
Diameter
Speed
1
2
3
5
157.5
10
(4.448)
(8.896)
(13.344)
(22.24)
(33.36)
(44.48)
(66.72)
(88.96)
(133.44)
30
20
in.
(mm)
rpm
1 15/16
(49.21)
1760
1460
1160
960
860
71O
393.0
326.0
259.0
214.3
192.0
158.5
392.0
325.2
258.0
213.5
192.0
158.5
390.0
323.5
257.0
212.7
191.0
157.7
382.0
316.9
252.0
208.6
187.0
154.4
373.0
309.4
246.0
203.6
182.0
150.3
345.0
286.2
228.0
188.7
169.0
139.5
2 3/16
(55.56)
1760
1460
1160
960
860
71O
578.0
479.5
382.0
316.1
283.0
233.6
577.0
478.7
381.0
315.3
282.0
232.8
576.0
477.8
380.0
314.5
281.0
232.0
570.0
472.8
376.0
311.2
279.0
230.3
562.0
466.2
371.0
307.0
275.0
227.0
538.0
446.3
355.0
293.8
263.0
217.1
2 7/16
(61.91)
1760
1460
1160
960
860
710
816.0
676.9
537.0
444.4
398.0
328.6
815.0
676.1
537.0
444.4
398.0
328.6
810.0
671.9
533.0
441.1
395.0
326.1
802.0
665.3
529.0
437.8
392.0
323.6
781.0
647.9
515.0
426.2
381.O
314.6
2 l1/16
(68.26)
1760
1460
1160
960
860
710
Power Rating-hp
(hp x 0.746 = kW)
1070.0 1062.0 1055.0 1035.0

887.6 881.0 875.2 858.6
703.0 700.0 696.0 682.0
581.8 579.3 576.0 564.4
520.0 518.0 515.0 505.0
429.3 427.7 425.2 416.9
Sec. A-5.5 Line-Shaft Selection

Line-shaft selection shall be made in accordance with the following procedure
using Table 3, or shall be calculated for the specific material used in accordance
with Sec. A-4.2.3or Sec. A-4.3.3.
A-5.5.1 Table 3 does not limit the maximum rotative speed of shafts, the maximum setting of shafts, or the bearing spacing used with the shafting.
A-5.5.2Table3defines
the maximum recommendedhorsepowerfor
a given
size of shaft, taking into account the effect of the hydraulic thrust of the pumping
equipment and the weight of the shaft and suspended rotating parts. The table is
applicable to any steel having a minimum elastic limit of 40,000 psi (276,000 kPa)
and a minimum ultimatetensile strength of 67,000 psi (462,000 Wa).
A-5.5.3Horsepower
ratings shown in Table 3 anccalculated in accordance
with Sec. A-4.1.5 represent maximum loads and should not be increased by electricmotor service factors.

24
AWWA E101-88
Sec. A-6.1 Tests

A-6.1.1 The procedure for determining the performance of a vertical turbine
pump by making a factory laboratory test of the bowl assembly and then calculating
the anticipated field performance is describedbelow. Performance testsshall be
made only when specified in the purchasers inquiry and order. The inquiry and
order shall specify which of the following are required:
1. Running test.
2. Witnessed running test.
3. Sample calculation from test readings.
4. Shop inspection.
5. Hydrostatic test of discharge head.
6. Hydrostatic test of bowl assembly.
If other tests are required, the purchaser shall describe them in detail.
A-6.1.2The manufacturer shall notify the purchaser not less than five days
prior to the date that the pump or pumps will be ready for inspection or witness
test.
Sec. A-6.2 Running Test

A-6.2.1Thepumpbowl
assembly willbe operated fromzero capacity to the
maximum capacity shown
on
the performance curve submitted with the
manufacturers bid. Readings shall be taken at a minimum of five capacity points,
including one point within k 2 percent of the design capacity specified on the request
for bid.
The pump shall be operated at a speed within k 5 percent of the design speed.
This does not apply to model or slow-speed tests described in Sec. A-6.9.
A-6.2.2 At the conclusion of thetest,three
copies of the anticipated fieldperformance curve shall be supplied to the purchaser, unless the purchaser requests
test curves based on the actual test data without corrections for anticipated field
performance.
Sec. A-6.3 Typical Laboratory Test Arrangement

Figure 6 shows a typical laboratory arrangement for the testing of a line-shaft
vertical turbine pump. A test laboratory will normally be constructed to provide
favorable suction conditions for pumpperformance. If the purchaser plans to use the
pump under questionable well or sump conditions and wants the pump to be tested
under these exact conditions, complete information should be included in the request
for bid. If there is nothing stated in the bid with relation to required well or sump
conditions, it shall be assumed that standard laboratory arrangements will be used.
Sec. A-6.4 Capacity Measurement

The capacity of the pump shall be measured by means of a standard venturi
tube, nozzle,orifice
plate, pitot-tube traverse, or magnetic meter. The pump
manufacturer shall supply evidence that the capacity-measuring deviceemployed
has been properly calibrated, that it is in good condition, and that the pressure taps
and piping are proper for the instrumentbeing used and are essentially the same as

AWWA.ELOL 88 W 0783350 0002775 5 W

25
Water Head
Manometer
Mercury Head
Manometer
Datum
........?.:(.
5.
<2-.:>,.:
Figure G Typical laboratory test arrangement-line-shaft
vertical turbine pumps.
duringthe calibration. Instrumentsthat have not been calibrated should be

geometrically similar t o properly calibrated models.
A description of the application of fluid meters is contained in the ASME publication Fluid Meters-Their Theory and Application." A detailed description of the
various meters and their application is given in Chapter B-2of that publication, the
physical constants and meter coefficients are indicated in Section C, and the discharge coefficient tolerances of the various meters areindicated in Chapter C-7.
The surface conditions, size, and length of the pipe precedihg the fluid-measuring device are as important as the
calibration of the device itself. Thus, piping
should be in close conformity with that used when the instrument was calibrated or
in accordance with the recommendations by the manufacturerof the fluid-measuring
device.
Fluid manometers or other instruments of equal accuracy should be used for
measuring the pressure differential across the meter.
Sec. A-6.5 Head Measurement

All pump bowl assembly tests shall be made in open sumps, unless otherwise
stated in the
request for bid.
*Fluid-Meters-Their Theory and Application. Rept. ASME Res. C o m . on Fluid Meters.

Amer. Soc. Mech.Engr.,New
York (5th ed., 1959.) Available from AmericanSociety of
Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017.

26
AWWA E101-88
The pressure tap for headmeasurementshall

be located in the discharge
column not less than 2 ft (0.6 m) above the pump bowl assembly. The pressure tap
opening shall be at right angles to the pipe, free from burrs, flush with the surface
of the column pipe, and with a diameter of 1/8-1/4 in. (3.18-6.35 m m ) .
As an alternate method, the pressure tap for head measurement can also be located not less than 10 diameters downstream from the discharge elbowof the test
pump. (The elbow to be furnished with the pump shall be used.) When the pump
head is measured at this point, no deduction for elbow loss need be
made in anticipating field performance.
For head measurements of 36 ft (11 m) or less, only fluid manometers shall be
used. For head measurements in excess of 36 ft (11 m), calibrated bourdon or other
gauges with equivalent accuracy and reliability can be used. All gauges shall be
calibrated before and after each series of tests.
Sec. A-6.6 Velocity Head

The average velocity in the pump column used to determine the velocity head
shall be calculated from dimensions obtained by actual internal measurement of the
pipe and external measurement of the shaft or enclosing tube at the point of pressure measurement.
If the pressure measurement is made downstream from the discharge elbow,
the velocity head shall be obtained from actual measurement of the inside diameters
of the discharge pipe at thepoint where the pressure tap is located.
Sec. A-6.7 Horsepower Input

The power input to the pump shall be determined with a vertical dynamometer
or a calibrated electric motor.
The torque of the dynamometer shall be measured by means of a calibrated
scale, calibrated strain gauge, or other device of equivalent accuracy.
Squirrel-cage induction motors (when operated at greater than half the
nameplate rating), direct-current motors, synchronous motors, or wound-rotor induction motors with short-circuited secondary resistance may be employed for the determination of shaft input, provided the efficiencies or losses have been ascertained by
an IEEE testor its equivalent.
When the specifications call for an overall efficiency guarantee, the actual job
motor can be used without calibration and the overall efficiency calculated directly.
Calibrated laboratory-type electric meters and transformers shall be used to
measure power input to all motors.
Sec. A-6.8 Measurement of Speed

The rotating speed of the pump shall be obtained by a hand counter, electronic
computer, or a stroboscope counting slip. It should be noted that an accurate speed
reading is important in determining power input when a dynamometer is used. Accuracy is less important when a calibrated motor is used.
*Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017.

A W W A E L O 1 8!1 W 0783358 0002777 9 W

27
Sec. A-6.9 Large-Pump Tests

A-6.9.1 On all pump bowl assemblies where the horsepower is not in excess of
200 hp (150 kW) and the bowl diameter is not in excess of 20 in. (500 mm), the actual pump shall be tested in the manufacturers laboratory.
A-6.9.2 If the horsepower exceeds 200 hp (150 kW), it shall be permissible for
the manufacturer t o test only the number of stages of the unit that come within this
power requirement. If a test is made on a limited number of stages, no increase in
efficiency shall be permitted for an increased number of stages when predicting the
final performance of the complete bowl assembly. The head andhorsepower shall be
increased in.direct proportion to the number of stages in the final assembly, compared with the number of stages used in thelaboratory test.
A-6.9.3 When the size of the bowls exceeds 20-in. (500-mm) OD, a laboratory
test 0n.a model pump, homologous with the actual unit, may be used as a basis for
the determination of the performance of the actual unit.
NOTE: In general, when contract guarantees are to be based onmodel tests,
the contract should specify model performance rather than inferred actual-unit performance. In theabsence of this provision, allowance forthe scale effect, if any, shall
be agreed on in writing by the representatives of both parties prior to the tests.
The model pump shall be run at a speed sufficient to develop a head per stage
at least equal to that of the actual unit, so that the velocities will equal os exceed
those of the actual unit; or the manufacturer must submit evidence that a singlestage model does not cavitate under specified field suction conditions when operated
at a speed such that thevelocities willequal or exceed those of the actual unit.
A-6.9.4 On bowl assemblies that have an OD exceeding 20 in. (500 mm) os require more than 200 hp (150 kW), it shall be permissible to test the actual bowl assembly at a speed slower than that at which the pump will run in the field, rather
than make a model test. No efficiency increase will be allowed when the performance in the slow-speed test is translated into that atfull speed. The manufacturer
must submit evidence that a single-stage bowl assembly or a single-stage model does
not cavitate under specified field suction conditions when operated at a speed such
that thevelocities willequal or exceed those of the actual unit.
A-6.9.5 All large bowl assembly full speed tests or model tests should be conducted with identical submergence that will exist in the field, as shown on the request for bids, except as otherwise agreed on between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
Sec. A-6.10 Hydrostatic Tests

A-6.10.1 A hydrostatic test on the pump bowl castings shall be made at 1%
times the shut-off head developed by the pump bowl assembly or at twice the rated
head, whichever is greater.
A-6.10.2 A hydrostatic test on the discharge head shall be made at the pressure defined in Sec. A-6.10.1, less the pump setting specified on the order.
Sec. A-6.11 Recording and Computationof Test Results

A-6.11.1 All instrument test readings, as well as corrected readings, shall be
recorded on the test sheet. Complete data concerning the pump, driver, and instrument identification shall also be recorded.

A W W A E L O 1 8087 8 3 3 5000 0 2 7 7 8
28
0 M
AWWA E101-88
A-6.11.2 All test results shallbe translated into performance at the anticipated
speed of the driver at thedesign point by the following formulas:
Q=Qt
H=Ht
P=Pt
" 1
nt
nt
IL
nt
l3
Where:
Q
t
n
=
=
H
P
=
=
pumpcapacity, in gallons perminute (cubic metresperhour)

indicated test values
anticipatedoperating speed, in revolutions perminute
(revolutions per second)
head, in feet (metres)
power, in horsepower (kilowatts)
NOTE:gpm x 0.2271 = m3/h; rpm x 0.0167 = rps; ft x 0.3048 = m; hp x 0.746 =

kW.
A-6.11.3 The bowl assembly input power P l , in horsepower, when measured by

a vertical dynamometer, is found using the expression
Where:
dynamometer constant, 2d/33,000
Where:
F
nt
=
=
net force at the end of the lever arm, in pounds (Newtons)

speed of the driver when the test reading is taken, in revolutions
per minute (revolutions per second)
length of the lever arm, in feet (metres)
NOTE: ft x 0.3048 = m; lb x 4.448 = N; rpm
x 0.0167 = rps.
A-6.11.4 Theelectric-motorpower
input,in
kilowatt input to motor divided by 0.746.

horsepower, is the corrected
A W W A ELO1
0783350
0002777
88
2 W
29
A-6.11.5 The bowl assembly input power P I , in horsepower, to a pump driven

by an electric motor is
P1 =
kW
0.746
Eg
Where:
kW =
Eg
corrected kilowatt input t o motor

motor efficiencyfrom the calibration curve
A-6.11.6 The pump-bowl assembly efficiency E1 is
E1 =
Qhl
3960 x ( P I )
Where:
Q
hl
P1
=
=
measured capacity, in gallons per minute

bowl assembly head, including velocity head, in feet
brake horsepower t o the pump bowl assembly, measured by
dynamometer or calibrated motor
NOTE: gpmx 0.2271 = m3k; f t x 0.3048 = m; hp x 0.746 = kW.
A-6.11.7 The pump total head H , in feet, is found by
Where:
hl
hc
he
bowl assembly head from test, in feet

column loss, in feet, obtained from Figure 3 and based on
complete pump setting
discharge head loss, in feet, from Figure 4 or actual test
NOTE: f t x 0.3048 = m.
A-6.11.8 The pump input power, in horsepower, is found by
P = Pl
+ PC + Pt.
(Eq 13)
Where:
P1

bowl assembly input power, in horsepower, calculated from test,

as inSec. A-6.11.3 or Sec. A-6.11.5
30
AWWA E101-88
PC
Pt
NOTE: hp
line-shaft loss in power, in horsepower, obtained from Figure 5 and

based on complete pump setting
thrust-bearing loss, in horsepower
X
0.746 = kW.
A-6.11.9 The pump efficiency Ep is found using the equation

Ep =
&H
3960 x P
(Eq 14)
in which the pump total head H, in feet (ft x 0.3048 = m), is obtained from Sec. A6.11.7 and the power input P, in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = kW), is obtained from
Sec. A-6.11.8.
A-6.11.10 The overall efficiency E is the pump efficiency Ep multiplied by the
driver efficiency Eg.
A-6.11.11 The completepump totalhead, efficiency, and pump input power
should be plotted as ordinates on the same sheet against the capacity as abscissa to
show the anticipated field performance of the complete pumps.
Sec. A-6.12 Other Tests

For more complete tests or for tests involving fluids other than water refer to
Hydraulic Institute" test standards, asapplicable.
*Hydraulic Institute, 712 LakewoodCenterNorth,

44107.

14600 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, OH
AWWP, ELO1 B8 W 0783350 0002781 O
Part B-SUBMERSIBLEVERTICALTURBINEPUMPS
Part B of this standard provides minimum requirements for submersible vertical turbine pumps utilizing a T1/2-hp motor or larger.
Purchasers who intend t o use the pumps for pumping liquids other than clear,
cold water should modify the requirements, preferably after consultation with pump
manufacturers, to fit conditions of intended use.
In addition to the defmitions in this section, Sec. A-2.4 through Sec. A-2.12 and
Sec. A-2.14 through Sec. A-2.20 (line-shaft pumps) also apply to submersible pumps.
B-2.1 Submersible pump: An integral combination of a vertical turbine pump
close coupled t o an electric motor designed for sustained and continuous operation
under water. The unit is suspended from a surface plate by the vertical discharge
pipe and receives electrical energy through a submersible power cable. This type of
pump has no line shaft or shaft-enclosing tube.
B-2.2 Pump: Forpurposes of thisstandard, a pump may bedefmed asa
device used to provide energy for initiating or maintaining the movement of liquid.
A pump consists of seven elements, defhed asfollows:
B-2.2.1 The pump. bowl assembly is a single or multistage, centrifugal or
mixed-flow vertical pump with discharge coaxial with the shaft. It can have open,
semiopen, or enclosed impellers.
B-2.2.2 The vertical discharge pipe conducts water from the pump bowl assembly t o the surface-plate connection. It supports the pump and driver in the well
and also supports an electric cable that carries current from the surface to the motor
lead connection.


A W W A ELO1 8 8
.O783350 0 0 0 2 7 8 3 LI W
33
Sec. B-4.1 Submersible Motor

B-4.1.1 Materials. Construction materials shall be suitable for their application from the standpoints of corrosion resistance and mechanical performance.
B-4.1.2 Design. The motor shall be
of
the squirrel-cage induction type,
suitable for across-the-line starting and shall be capable of reduced-voltage starting.
It shall be capable of continuous operation under waterat the conditions specified.
B-4.1.3 Temperature. The motor temperature shall be rated no higher than
the allowable operating temperature of the motor thrust and radial bearings and in
no case shall it exceed the temperature rating of the insulation class used to wind
the motor.
B-4.1.4 Thrust bearing. A thrust bearing of ample capacity to carry the weight
of all rotating parts plus the hydraulic thrust at maximum operating head shall be
an integral part of the driver. For antifriction bearings, the bearing shall be of such
capacity that the AFBMA" calculated rating life (Lid shall be no less than 8800 h.
If the design and operating conditions are such that upthrust can
occur, then proper
provision shall be made to accommodate the upthrust. This shall be done by the
supplier. It shall also have ample capacity to permit the pump to operate for short
periods with the discharge valveclosed.Any
operation of a submersible pump
against a closed valve is not advised due to possible damage t o the motor.
B-4.1.5 Foreign matter. Suitable precautions shall be taken to restrict sand,
silt, or foreign material from entering the motor.
B-4.1.6 Pump size. The maximum motor diameter and the minimum inside
diameter of the well shall be in such relationship that under any operating condition
the water velocity past the motor shall not exceed 12 fiYs (3.7 d s ) nor be~less than
0.5 ft/s (0.1 d s ) . For this purpose a minor irregularity in the motor shape, such as
that caused by the cable connection, shall not be included in the motor-diameter
measurement.
Sec. B-4.2 Submersible Cable
B-4.2.1 Conductors. The cable shall consist of three or more separate conductors, including a ground cable or a single-cable assembly with three or more conductors, including onefor a ground. Strandingshallmeet ASTM class designation
standards"r1ass B on No. 10 and smaller cable and No. 1 through 4/0 cable; class
C on No. 9 through No. 2 cable. Each conductor shall be insulated by synthetic rubber or plastic insulation suitable for continuous immersion in water. When three or
*Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, 1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 700,
Washington, DG 20036.
*Class B on No. 10 and smaller cable provides for at least 7 strands minimum; class C on
No. 9 through No. 2 cable provides for at least 19 strands minimum; and class B on No. 1
through 4 0 cable provides for at least 19 strands minimum.
-~ " .

A W W A ELO1 88 raDl U 7 8 3 3 5 0 000278Lt b

34
AWWA E101-88
Typical Assembly
Figure 7 Typical submersible-pump assembly (bowl assemblies).

Well Seal
Surface-Plafe Assembly*
Surface Plate with

Vertical
Flange
connection
Surface Plate with

Flanged Elbow
Ordinary
Surface-Plate Assembly
Surface Plate with

Integral
Welding
Elbow
Vel1 seal surface plates are for use where well sealing is required; a flange must be welded to the casing by a continuous
ateflight weld or the plate must be grouted in place. Ordinary surface plates may be used where sanitary well seals are not
quired.
Figure 8 Submersible-pump discharge styles and sufiace-plate assemblies.

35
AWWA
36
E L O L A B R U783350 0002786 T m
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m m
A W W A E 1 0 1 88
= 0783350 0002787
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A W W A ELO1 88
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0783350 0 0 0 2 7 7 0 L
AWWA E101-88
2
cd
rl

A W W A E l O l 88
= 0783350
0002773 3
41
more single conductors are used, each must be jacketed. When a cable with three or
more conductors is used, it must be jacketed. The jacket material must be oil- and
water-resistant synthetic rubber, metal, or other suitable mechanically protective
material. The cable shall have a sufficient conductor area to meet the minimum requirement of the ICEA*codefor operation in air. (The connecting electrical cable
from the starting equipment to the surface plate shall meet the National Electrical
Code or local codes, whichever govern.)
B-4.2.2 Supports. The cable shall be suitably supported from the column at
several points adequate for the type of cable used with corrosion-resistant clamps.
B-4.2.3 Fittings. AU cable fittings andterminalsshall be watertight at the
pressure encountered in use.
B-4.2.4 Lengths. For each 50 ft (15 m) of setting, 1 R (0.3 m) of extra cable
shall be allowed to compensate for possible twist or sag of the cable during installation; 10 ft (3 m)shall beprovidedbeyond
the surface plate, unless otherwise
specified.
B-4.2.5 Mechanical shielding. The electrical conductors shall be protected by a
corrosion-resistant mechanical-type shield where they passthe pump bowls.
Sec. B-4.3 Surface Plate

The surface plate (pump base) shall berigidenough
to support the entire
weight of the suspended parts when filled with water. The plate shall provide
suitable openings for the power cable, well vent, and water-level indicator as required. The plate shall provide a support for the power cable as required by the
electrical code. The plate shall also support the discharge connection furnished in a
size adequate for the required flow rate and in apressure series consistent with the
surface pressure to be delivered by the pump.
Sec. B-4.4 Strainer

A strainer,if furnished, shall have a netinlet area equalto at least three
times
the impeller inlet area. The maximum unit opening shall not be more than 75 percent of the minimum opening of the waterpassage through the bowl or impeller.
Sec. B-4.5 Discharge Pipe

The discharge pipe may be furnished in random lengths connected by threaded
sleeve couplings. For settings up to 500 ft (150 ml, the minimum weight shall conform to the values shown in Table 2 (on page 17) and shall have ANSIB1.20.1
standard taperedpipe threads. For pumps with a total head inexcess of 500 ft (150
m), each application shall be checked t o determine that the strengths of the pipe
and threaded joints are adequate. Thedischarge pipe will be secured so that it will
not unscrew. The reaction t o the starting torque of the motor gives a force equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to the turning force that the motor delivers to
the pump. A joint-tightening torque of 10 ft-lbhp(18.2 N.m/kW) occurs in submersible pumps. The size shall be such that velocities are not less than 4-5 ft/s (1.2-1.5
d s ) nor more than 12W s (3.7 d s ) .
*InsulatedCableEngineers
Association, P.O. Box P,South
(Formerly the Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association.)

Yarmouth, MA 02664.
42
AWWA E101-88
Sec. B-4.6 Pump Bowls

Pump bowl castings shall be free of blowholes, sand holes, and other detrimental defects. The finished bowls shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure equal to twice the head at rated capacity or I V 2 times the shut-off head,
whichever is greater. The bowls may be equipped with replaceable seal rings on the
suction side of enclosed impellers.
Sec. B-4.7 Impellers

The impellers shall beof
the open,semiopen,orenclosed
type, statically
balanced.They shall be fastened securely to the impeller shaft with keys, taper
bushings, lock nuts, or set screws.
Sec. B-4.8 Pump Motor Coupling

The pump motorcoupling shall beof a noncorrosive material and shall
be
capable of transmitting the total torque and total thrust of the unit in either direction.
Sec. B-5.1 Discharge Pipe

Diameters and weights of standard discharge pipe sizes are given in Table 2
(page 17).
Sec. B-5.2 Discharge Friction Loss

The discharge pipe friction loss chart (Figure 9) may be used t o determine the
loss in head due to friction.
Sec. B-5.3 Discharge-Elbow Head Loss

The discharge-elbow head-loss chart (Figure 10) may be used to determine the
hydraulic losses in the discharge elbow.
When extreme accuracy is imperative, actual loss measurements in the discharge elbow to be used-with the correct discharge pipe-should be specified on bid
requested by purchaser.
Sec. B-6.1 Tests

B-6.1.1Theprocedurefor
determining the performance of a vertical turbine
pump by making a factory laboratory test of the bowl assembly and then calculating
the anticipated field performance is described below. Performance tests will be made
onlywhenspecified
in the purchaser's inquiry and order. The inquiry and order
shall specify which of the following are required:
1. Running test.
2. Witnessed running test.
3. Sample calculation from test readings.

43
Capacity-m3lh
Capacity-gprn
~ O T E :Diagonals are labeled to show nominal diameters of discharge column pipe (in inches). The calculations used in construct.
ng the chart were based on inside diameters, which are close to the nominal sizes (for example, 10 in. = 10.12 in. ID).
Figure 9 Head-loss chart for standard pipe.
4. Shop inspection.
5 . Hydrostatic test of bowl assembly..
If other tests are required, the purchaser shall describe them in detail.
B-6.1.2 The manufacturer shall notify the purchaser not less than five days
prior t o the date that the pump or pumps will be ready for inspection or witness
test.
Sec. B-6.2 Running Test
B-6.2.1 The pump bowl assembly shall be operated from zero capacity to the
maximum capacity shown
on
the performance
curve
submitted with the
manufacturers bid. Readings shall be taken at a minimuin of five capacity points,
including the shut-off head and one point within k 2 percent of the design capacity
specified on the requestfor bid.
B-6.2.2 At the conclusion of the test, three copies of the anticipated field performance curve shall be supplied to the purchaser, unless the purchaser requests
test curves based on the actual test data without corrections for anticipated field
performance.

A W W A ELO1 8 8
44
O783350 0 0 0 2 7 7 4 9 W
AWWA E101-88
I .W
O 305
o 80
O 244
O 60
O 183
O 50
0.152
O 40
o 122
0 30
o o91
O061
v)
v)
v)
v)
370
uIn
O030
O08
O024
r 006
O018
J c5
O 015
2 04
o o12
a,
a,
o O09
O006
(I 02
20
30
40 5 0 60
80 100
200
300 400
600 800 1 O00
2030
WO 6000
O 003
10000
Capacity-gpm
JOTE: Diagonals are labeled to show nominal diameters of discharge elbow pipe (in inches). The calculations used in constructi g the chart were based on inside diameters, which are close to the nominal sizes (for example, 10 in. = 10.12 in. ID).
Figure 10 Head-loss chart for 90 elbow.
Sec. B-6.3 Typical Laboratory Test Arrangement

Figure 11 shows a typical laboratory arrangement for the testing of a submersible vertical turbine pump. A test laboratory will normally be constructed to
provide favorable suction conditions for pump performance. If the purchaser plans to
use the pump under questionable well or sump conditions and wants the pump to be
tested under these exact conditions, complete information should be included in the
request for bid. If there is nothing stated in the bid with relation to required well or
sump conditions, it shall be assumed that standard laboratory arrangements will be
used.
Sec, B-6.4 Capacity Measurement

The capacity of the pump shall be measured by means of a standard venturi
tube, nozzle,orifice
plate, pitot-tube traverse, or magnetic meter. The pump
manufacturer shall supply evidence that the capacity-measuring deviceemployed
has been properly calibrated, that it is in good condition, and that the pressure taps
and piping are proper for the instrument being used and are essentially the same as

A W W A ELO1 88 9 0783350 000279.5-0- 9

VERTTGAL TURBINE
pUMps 45
Water Head
mBourdon rManometer
Manometer
VentUridl
G a z eMercury Head
MaForneter
Venturi Meter
Figure 1 1 Typical laboratory-test arrangement-submersible vertical turbine
pumps.
duringthe calibration. Instrumentsthat

have not been calibrated should be
geometrically similar t o properly calibrated models.
A description of the application of fluid meters is contained in theASME publication Fluid Meters-Their Theory
and Application.:': A detailed description of the
various meters and theirapplication is given in Chapter B-2of that publication, the
physical constants and meter coefficients are indicated in Section C, and the discharge coefficient tolerances of the various meters are indicated in Chapter C-7.
The surface conditions, size, and length of the pipe preceding the fluid-measuring device are as important as the
calibration of the device itself. Thus, piping
should be in close conformity with thatused when the instrument was calibrated or
in accordance with the recommendations by the manufacturer of the fluid-measuring
device.
Fluid manometers or other instruments of equal accuracy should be used for
measuring the pressuredifferential across the meter.
*Fluid Meters-Their Theory and Application. Rept. ASME Res. C o m . on Fluid Meters.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York (5th ed.,1959).

A W W A E L O 1 A8
46
= 0783350 0 0 0 2 7 9 6
AWWA E101-88
Sec. B-6.5 Head Measurement

All pump bowl assembly tests shall be made in open sumps, unless otherwise
stated in the request for bid.
The pressure tap for head measurement shall be located in the discharge pipe
not less than 2 ft (0.6 m) above the pump bowl assembly. The pressure tap opening
shall be at right angles to the pipe, free from burrs, flush with the surface of the discharge pipe, and with the diameter of 1/81/4 in. (3.18-6.35 mm).
As an alternate method, the pressure tap for head measurement can also be located not less than 10 diameters downstream from the discharge elbowof the test
pump. (The elbow to be furnished with the pump shall be used.) When the pump
head is measured at this point, no deduction for elbow loss need be made in anticipating field performance.
For head measurements of 36 ft (11 m) or less, only fluid manometers shall be
used. For head measurements in excess of 36 f t (11 m), calibrated bourdon or other
gauges with equivalent accuracy and reliability can be used. All gauges shall be
calibrated before and after each series of tests.
Sec. B-6.6 Velocity Head

The average velocity in the pump column used to determine the velocity head
shall be calculated from dimensions obtained by actual internal measurement of the
pipe diameter at thepoint of pressure measurement.
If the pressure measurement is made downstream from the discharge elbow,
the velocity head shall be obtained from actual measurement of the inside diameters
of the discharge pipe at thepoint where the pressure tap islocated.
Sec. B-6.7 Power Input to Pump Motor

The actual job motor shall be used, and the overall submersible-pump efficiency shall be calculated from the measured power input.
Calibrated laboratory-type electric meters and transformers shall be used to
measure the power input to all motors.
Sec. B-6.8 Large-Pump Tests

Sec. A-6.9 of this standardshall also apply to submersible pumps.
Sec. B-6.9 Hydrostatic Tests

A hydrostatic test on the pump bowl castings shall be made at 11/2 times the
shut-off head developed by the pump bowl assembly or at twice the rated head,
whichever is greater.
Sec. B-6.10 Recording and Computationof Test Results

B-6.10.1 All instrument test readings, as well as corrected readings, shall be
recorded on the test sheet. Complete data concerning the pump, driver, and instrument identification shall also be recorded.

47
B-6.10.2 All test results shall be translated into performance at the anticipated
speed of the driver at thedesign point, by the following formulas:
Q=Qt
H=Ht
P=Pt
" >
nt
nt
> 2
nt
l3
Where:
Q
t
n
H
P
=
=
pump capacity, in gallons per minute (cubic metres per hour)

anticipated operating speed, in revolutions per minute (revolutions
per second)
NOTE:gpm x 0.2271 = m3/h; rpm x 0.0167 = rps; ft x 0.3048 = m; hp x 0.746 =
kW.
B-6.10.3 The motor power input, in horsepower, is the corrected kilowatt input
to motor divided by0.746.
B-6.10.4 The bowl assembly input horsepower PI to a pump driven by an
electric motor is
P1
0.746
Eg
Where:
kW =
Eg =
corrected kilowatt input to motor

motor efficiency fromthe calibration curve
B-6.10.5 The pump bowl assembly efficiencyEI is
E1

Qhl
3960 x Pi
(Eq 19)
A W W A ELO1 8 8
48
0783350 0 0 0 2 7 7 8 b W
AWWA E101-88
4 90
I
2.00
T
I
/
1.00
0.90
-~
0.80
0.70
__
0.60
0.50
245
220
1.96
1 71
147
1 22
0.40
Og8
0.30
o73
2
I
v)
v)
J
L
a,
0.20
o49
0.10
O 24
- o 22
0.09
0.08
0.07
O20
- 0.17
-O 1 5
t-
0.06
0.05
n
. M
20
10
30
40
50
60
200
70 80 90 100
12
I1
O10
300
400
Current-amp
JOTE: Diagonals are labeled to show sizes (American Wire Gage of cable conductor wire, and are based on a copper temperaJre of 6OoC and an ambient air temperature of 3OoC. Current should not exceed the plotted maximum on any given line. Maxinum values must be reduced by a factorof 0.82 for an air temperature of 4OoC.
Figure 12 Power-loss chart for three-conductor copper cable.

Where
Q
hl
P1
=
=
=
measured capacity, in gallons per minute

bowl assembly head, including velocity head,in feet
brake horsepower to the pump bowl assembly
NOTE:gpm x 0.2271 = m3/h; ft x 0.3048 = m; hp x 0.746 = kW.

B-6.10.6 The pump total head H , in feet, is found using the equation
H = hl

- hc -
he
~~
A W W A E L O 1 88 0783350 0002777
B
49
Where:
hl
hc
=
=
he
bowl assembly head from test,in feet

column loss, in feet, obtained from Figure 9 and based on
complete pump setting
discharge-elbow loss, in feet, from Figure 10 or actual test
NOTE:fi x 0.3048 = m.
B-6.10.7 The pump input power P equals the bowl assembly input power PI
plus the cable loss Pw (obtained from Figure 121, from the surface plate to the
motor.
B-6.10.8 The overall efficiency E is found using the equation
E =
&H
3960 x P
in which the pump total head H , in feet (ft x 0.3048 = m), is obtained from Sec. B6.10.6 and the power input P , in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = kW), is obtained from
Sec. B-6.10.7.
B-6.10.9 The complete pump total head, overall pumpefficiency, and pump
input power should be plotted as ordinates on the same sheet against the capacity
as abscissa to show the anticipated field performance of the complete pumps.
Sec. B-6.11 Other Tests
For more complete tests or for tests involving fluids other than water refer t o
Power Test Code for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps" as applicable.
*Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY
1O017.

APPENDIX A
Field Testing of Vertical Turbine Pumps
This appendixis for information only and isnot a partof AWWA E101.
Purpose of Field Tests

A field test gives an indication of the performance of a pump when it is operating under actual field conditions. Such a test indicates the operation of the pump
bowl assembly, the friction loss in the column pipe and discharge elbow, the bearing
losses in the line-shaft assembly or the cable loss on a submersible pump, the well
or system characteristics, the air content or sand content of the water, the vibration
and noise levels, and the operation of the driver and control equipment. Although all
of these items are important, they are normally judged on a qualitative basis as
compared to what is considered to be good engineering practice, unless specific requirements are indicated in the individual specifications. The purpose of this appendix is to establish a guide for the quantitative evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the complete pumping unit as installed in the field.
It is desirable to make field tests on new or reconditioned pumps to serve as a
standard of comparison for future tests. Thus, pump wear and changing operating
conditions may be indicated. Periodic tests should be made by the same procedure,
and an accurate record kept to give a complete and comparable history.
Field tests are sometimes used as acceptance tests. When this is done, the accuracy of the test obtainable under field conditions with the specific test equipment
employed should be taken into account. Data t o help determine the best possible accuracy obtainable with various instruments are included in AWWA E101, Standard
for Vertical Turbine Pumps-Line Shaft and Submersible Types. Under most conditions, it is recommended that acceptance of the pump should be based on tests made
in a laboratory where accurate instruments used under controlled conditions permit
precise measurements. It is also recommended that field tests be used as an overall
indication of pump performance and as a guide to show when the pump or well requires service.
Accuracy of Field Testing

The accuracy with which a field test can be made depends on the instruments
used in the test, the proper installation of the instruments, and the skill of the test
engineers. If accurate field tests are required, it is necessary t o design the complete
pump installation with this in mind and to provide for the use of the most accurate
calibrated instruments.
It should be recognized that environmental conditions in a well or the design of
a sump can significantly affect field performance and also affect the apparent results
of field tests.
Table A.l gives an indication of the best possible accuracy that can be expected
with the various instruments that may be used for a field test. The values given assume that each instrument is properly installed, that it is the correct size for the
values to be measured, and that it is used by experienced engineers. A method of es-
50

A W W A ELO1 8 8
0783350 00028OL 2 W
51
Table A. 1 Limits of Accuracy of Pump-Test Measuring Devices in Field Use
Quantity to be Measured
Capacity
meter
tube
weight-tank
or
Type of Measuring Device

Venturi
Nozzle
Pitot
Orifice
Disc
Piston
Volume
Propeller meter
Magnetic meter
Calibrated Limitof Accuracy

percent
f 314
fl
f 1 112
f 1 114
f2
k 114
L-1
*4
f2
Electric sounding line
Head
Air line
Liquid manometer
(3-5-in. deflections)
Liquid manometer
(over 5-in. deflections)
Bourdon gauge-5-in. min. dial,
114112 full scale
112-314 full scale
over 314 scale
Power Input
Watt-hour meter andstopwatch

Portable recording watt meter
Test typeprecision watt meter
'/&/2 scale
1/e3/4 scale
over 314 scale
Clamp-on ammeter
Speed
Revolution counter and stopwatch

Hand-held tachometer
Stroboscope
Auto. counter and stopwatch
Voltage
Test m e t e r ~ 1 4 ~ 1scale
2
Test meter-%44
scale
Test meter-314-full
scale
Rectifier voltmeter
+1
f 3/4
+ 112
+5
timating the probable combined accuracy that will be obtained with the instruments
selected is illustratedin the following examples:
Example 1 .
Pump conditions: head, 500 ft (150 m); setting, 450 f t (135 m). Instrumentation
is shown in the charton page 52.
First, the head accuracy is weighted. Weighted accuracy of the electric sounding line is 450/500 x 114 = 0.225 percent; weighted accuracy of the bourdon gauge is
50/500 x V 2 = 0.050 percent; and the sum, or weighted-average head accuracy, is
0.275 percent, The combined accuracy of the efficiency & is the square root of the
quantity of the square of the weighted-average head accuracy plus the square of the

AWWA E L O 1 88
52
= 0783350 0 0 0 2 8 0 2
AWWA E101-88
venturi-meter accuracy plus the squareof the watt-meter accuracy. Pump speed and
voltage are not necessary in determining efficiency, so the values for the tachometer
and thevoltage meter are not included under theradical.
Field-Test Report Form
Line Number*
3
Bourdon
gauge,4
9
14
19
11
Accuracy?
percent
Instrument
Electric sounding line
5-in. (127-mm) dial, 314 scale
Venturi
Watt
over 314 scale
Hand-held tachometer
Voltage meter, 314 full scale
meter
meter,
f l/4
f 3/4
f 3/4
f
114
rf: 1 114
f 112
*From Figure A.5.

$From Table A.l.
Ac =
0.2752
0.752 + O.2Ei2
= f 0.837 percent
(Eq A.1)
Example 2.
Pump conditions: head, 500 f t (150 m); setting, 450 ft (135 ml. Instrumentation
is shown in the chartbelow.
Number*

Line
3
4
9
14
19
11
tube
Accuracyt
percent
Instrument
Air line
Bourdon
gauge,
5-in. (127-mm) dial, 112 scale
Pitot
stopwatch
Watt-hour
and
meter
Stroboscope
Rectifier voltmeter
112
f1
1 112
f 1 112
f 1 112
f 5
*From Figure A.5.

-?From TableA.l.
The head accuracy is weighted in the same way as in Example 1.
Air line .......................................
450 ft (135 m)
500 f t (150 m)
x V2 percent = 0.45 percent
Bourdon gauge ..........................
50 ft (15 m)
500 ft (150 m>
x 1 percent = 0.10 percent

A W W A ELO1 8 8
= 0783350
0002803 b W
Weighted-average head accuracy ...................................
53
0.55 percent
The combined accuracy of the efficiency Ac is the squareroot of the quantityof

the square of the weighted-average head accuracy plus the square of the pitot-tube
accuracy plus the squareof the watt-hour meter accuracy.
Ac =
.\I O.5Ei2 + 1.Fi2+ 1.Ei2

4.8
Example 3.
Pump conditions: head, 500 ft (150 m); setting, 20 ft (6 ml. Instrumentation is
shown in the chartbelow.
Line Number"
3
4
9
14
19
11
meter
Accuracyf
percent
Instrument
Air line
Bourdon gauge, 5-in. (127-mm) dial, full scale
Venturi
meter
Watt
over, 314 scale
stopwatch
Automatic
and
counter
scale Voltage
full test meter,
k 112
c 314
f 314
f 114
f 112
f 112
*From Figure A.5.

tFrom Table AS.
Weighted head accuracy is
Air line .......................................
20 ft (6 m)
500 ft (150 m)
Bourdon gauge ..........................
480 ft (144 m)
500 ft (150 m)
Weighted-average head accuracy ...................................

0.50 percent
54
AWWA E101-88
The combined accuracyof the efficiency is
Ac =
0.52
0.752 + 0.252
= f 0.93 percent
(Eq A.3)
Theapproved and recommended procedure forconductingpumpacceptance

tests is outlined in Sec. A-6 and Sec. B-6 of this standard.
It will be apparent that if the accuracy of all instrumentation is not taken into
account, the final result will possibly appear more accurate than it actually is. Individual errors in reading the instruments are not accounted for, so the final combined accuracy may be consideredan optimistic figure at best.
Definitions and Symbols

Rate of flow (Q): Flow expressed in gallons per minute (cubic metres per hour).
Datum: The elevation of that surface from which the weight of the pump is
supported. This is normally the elevation of the underside of the discharge head or
head base plate.
Headabove datum (ha): The head measured above the datum, expressed in
feet (metres) of liquid, plus the velocity head at thepoint of measurement.
Velocity head (hu): The kinetic energy per unit weight of the liquid at the point
of measurement, expressed in feet (metres) of liquid. Using the average velocity in
feet per second (metres per second) at the point of measurement, it is calculated
from the following expression:
Where:
v
g
=
=
velocity, in feet per second (metres per second)

32.17 ft/s2 (9.81 m/s2)
Head below datum (hb): The vertical distance, in feet (metres), from the datum
to the pumping level.
Pump total head (H): The sum of the heads above and below datum (ha+ hb).
Pump speed of rotation (n): This is expressed in revolutions per minute (rpm)
or revolutions per second (rps).The
speed of submersible motors cannot be
measured conveniently in field testing.
Pump output, inhorsepower (hp): Calculated from the following expression:
hp =

QH x specifc gravity of liquid pumped

3960
(Eq A.5)
AWWA E l 0 1 88 0783350 O002805
55
Where:
Q
H
rate of flow, in gallons per minute

pump total head, in feet
=
=
Driver power input: The power input to the driver, expressed in horsepower.
In a line-shaft vertical turbine pump powered by an electric motor, driver power
input is equivalent to kilowatt input measured at the motor conduit box divided by
0.746. In a submersible vertical turbine pump, it is equivalent to kilowatt input
measured at theconduit box on the discharge head divided by 0.746. No satisfactory
evaluation of this term for engine-driven pumps is available.
Driver eficiency (Ed):The ratio of the driver output to the driver input, expressed in percent.
Overall eficiency (E): The ratio of pump output, in horsepower, to motor power
input.
Approved Instrumentation
Figures A . l , A.2, and A.3 show the placement of instruments and the dimensions for three types of pump installation. Figure A.4 shows piping requirements for
orifices, flow nozzles, and venturi tubes.
Pitot-statictube. These instruments, available in several forms, correlate
~~~~
Kilowatt-Hour
Meter or
Test Meter
Minimum
Minimum Dimension
-yD/mension
M/inimum 10 Diameters
Manometer
Discharge Gauge (4)
-I
iI
Datum to L of
/Discharge
Gauge
L
Datum Line
Y
Head Below
Datum,
Static Level (1)
Line
&Datum
Discharge
Pipe
Capacity
ID,
h,, Calculated
Orifice,
Venturi,
at Gauge Tap (6)
Measuring
Device,
Pitot
or
Tube
Drawdown (2)
Head Below Datum,

Pumping (3)
1.
JOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to item numbers in report form (Figure A.5). Minimum dimensions are the lengths of straight
ipe required in Figure A.4 for the particular type of capacity-measuring device used.
Figure A. 1 Field-test diagram for line-shaft vertical turbine deep-well pump.

56
AWWA E101-88
NOTE: Numbersin parentheses refer to item numbers in report form (Figure A.5). Minimum dimensions are the lengths of straight
pipe required in Figure A.4 for the particular type of capacity-measuring device used.
Figure A.2 Field-test diagram for submersible pump.
Kllowatt-Hour Meter
or Test Meter
= suction gauge reading converted

to feet of water and corrected to
datum. plus V 2 / 2 g at gauge tap
h,
NOTE: Numbersin parentheses refer to item numbers in report form (Figure A.5). Minimum dimensions are the lengths of straight
pipe required in Figure A.4 for the particular type of capacity-measuring device used.
Figure A.3 Field-test diagram for vertical turbine pump for booster service.

A W W A ELO1 88
m 0783350 0002807 3 m .
,CFIIFLCEOR FLOW NOZZLE
O 0.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
0.800,
Diameter Ratio,
Diameter Ratio,
(B) For orifices and flow nozzles
all fittings in same plane
(A) For orifices and flow nozzles
all fittings in same plane

ORIFICE OR FLOW NOZZLE,
ORIFICE OR FLOW NOZZLE
ELLS.TUBE TURNS, OR
LONG RADIUS BENDS
ORIFICE OR FLOW NOZZLE,
Diameter Ratio,
(C) For orifices and flow nozzles
fittings in different planes
Diameter Ratio,
(D) For orifices and flow nozzles
fittings in different planes
IOTE:All control valves must be installed on outlet side of primary element.
Figure A.4 Piping requirements for orifices, flow nozzles, and venturi tubes.

50
40
57
0783350 0002808 5 M
A W W A ELO1 8 8
58
AWWA E101-88
ORIFICE OR FLOW NOZZLEi
O
W
a
a
2 DIAM. LONG
a_
10 I
20
I?
;
1
a
c
cl
Lo
(L
o w
10
lu
c
ul
o
O
I
O 10 0.20 030 O 40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.800.90
o 0.10 0 . 2 0 0 3 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 o a 5 o
Diameter Ratio,
O.~OO.~OO.QO
(F) For orifices and flow nozzles

in atmospheric intake
with reducers and expanders
,ORIFICE
f0
Diameter Ratio,
(E) For orifices and flow nozzles
G
(L
OR
FLOW NOZZLE
A-54
T
5TRAIGHTEN:NG VANE
2 DIAM LONG
26
24
22
20;
1 8L
30 %
16:
I4
U
20
10
E
m
8 5
4;
:
6
2 0
t-
10
12:
O
10
g
5
6
4
O
80
O
O
0.10 0 . 2 0 0 3 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 6 0 0 3 0 0 8 0 0 . 9 0
Diameter Ratio,
( G ) Valves
Diameter Ratio,
(H) For venturi tubes
IOT TE: All control valves must be installed on outlet side of primary element. In diagram H, the distances shown are double those
it which there seemed to be no effect.

V I diagrams in Figure A.4, except diagram H, abstracted from Supplement on lnsfruments andApparatus, Part 5, Chap. 4, Flow
deasurement (PTC 195; 4-1959), Power Test Codes Comm., ASME, New York, N.Y.
Figure A.4 Piping requirements for orifices, flow nozzles, and venturi tubes (continued).

A W W A ELO1 8 8
0783350 0 0 0 2 8 0 9 7
59
velocity head with rate of flow. Velocity-headdistribution in pipe flow is nonuniform,

and for acceptable accuracy, a multiple-point traverse of the pipe cross section is
mandatory. Pitot-static tube designs using a series of impact holes, each transmitting different velocity pressures to a common cavity within the tube, produce internal circulation and cannot be presumed t o measure average velocity head, unless
the velocity profile in thepipe flow under test agrees exactly with that prevailing in
the pipe in which the instrument was calibrated-an unusual circumstance. Consequently, these devices are not deemed acceptable. Complete details on construction,
formulas, and useof acceptable types have been published."
Thin-platesquare-edgedorifice.
The orifice plate correlates statichead difference, measured upstream and downstream, with rate offlow. Data on dimensions, limitations, installation effects, and formulas have been published.*
Venturis and flow nozzles. These devices are based on the same principle as
the orifice plate, but introduce somewhat less head loss in a flow system."
Flow measurement by volume or weight. The accuracy of volumetric measurement depends on the accuracy of tank dimensional measurements and differences in
liquid level. The derivation of rate of flow, in turn, depends on the accuracy of time
measurement of the period of flow.
It is recommended that the minimum change in liquid level during any test
run not be less than 2 f t (0.6 m). The duration of any test runshall not be less than
1 min, when the tank is filled from an open discharge pipe. A submerged entrance
into the tank will cause an increase in the system head as the tank fills and will
result in a nonlinear change in rate of flow. Correlation of rate of flow with weight
is seldom feasible, except for extremely small flow.
Evaluation of various methods of flow measurement. It is impossible to extend
flow measurement beyond that corresponding t o the system head which, of course,
equals the pump total head, unless the head above datum can be lowered for the
test. Moreoften than not, this is not feasible, so the only portion of the pump
characteristic that can be measured in a field test is the region of rates of flow lower
than the design rate. It is also possible that thedesign rate cannot be reached if the
method of flow measurement introduces friction head loss, thereby raising the system head. Substantial head losses are, indeed, incurred by introducing orifice plates
and flow nozzles into the system. In some cases this may reduce their usefulness.
The friction head loss introduced by insertion of a Pitot-static tube, on the other
hand, can generally be neglected. Venturis also introduce very low losses, but because of their weight and length they are somewhat more expensive to employ in
field tests (unless they are a permanent partof the installation).
Head below datum hb. This distance can be measured by steel tape, electric
sounder, or the air-line gauge method. The elevation of the pumping water level is
determined electrically by measuring the length below datum of waterproof insulated wire terminating in a shielded electrode that completes the circuit through a
magneto or dry cell to an indicating lamp, bell, or meter on touching the water's surface. The elevation of the pumping water level can be determined with the air-line
gauge method by subtracting the calibrated bourdon-tube gauge reading (converted
*Fluid Meters-Their Theory and Application. Rept. ASME Res. Comm. on Fluid Meters.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York (5th ed., 1959).

A W W A E L O 1 88 0783350 0002810 3
60
AQWA E101-88
to feet of liquid) from the known length of airtight tubing (open at the bottom) that
has been pumped full of air to the maximum gauge reading that can be attained.
The air-line gauge length, of course, must exceed the head below datum. In the airline gauge method, the gauge accuracy tolerance must be included (dependent on
gauge quality andthe portion of the gauge range in use), unless the gauge is
calibrated before and after the test.
Head above datum ha. This quantity can be measured by means of a calibrated
bourdon-tube gauge (reading converted to feet of liquid) plus the distance from the
datum to the centerline of the gauge plus velocity head. When the head above
datum is quite low, it may be measured with manometers, using mercury or the liquid being pumped as a manometer fluid. The choiceof manometer fluid should
produce manometer deflections of at least6 in. (150 mm).
Power measurement. Although not impossible, it is generally consideredimpractical to attempt to measure pump power input by means of a transmission
dynamometer in field tests. The most frequently encountered alternative is that of
measuring driver power input, which is then multiplied by the driver efficiency.
The derived pump power input obtained by this method is subject to the accuracy tolerance on the driver efficiency. Since the only pump driver on which power
input measurements of the requisite degree of accuracy can be made is the directdrive electric motor, this standard deals with the measurement of electricpower
only.
Watt-hour meters. These devices measure total energy, but maybeusedfor
measuring power by introducing the time factor in thefollowing formula:
driver power input =
4.826 K M R
t
(Eq A.5)
Where:
K
M
=
=
R
t
=
=
disc constant, representing watt-hours perrevolution

product of current and potential transformer ratios (if not used,
omit from formula)
total revolutions of watt-hour meter disc
time for total revolutions of disc, in seconds
The duration of this measurement shall not be less than 1 min. Commercial
watt-hour meter power measurements are expected to be within f l V 2 percent, unless specifically calibrated and used with a calibration chart. In this case the stated
accuracy of the calibration shall prevail.
Portable wattmeters. Used with or without portable current and potential
transformer, portable watt meters are available in varying degrees of precision.
They may be used with the manufacturers statement of accuracy tolerance if they
are in good condition.
Clamp-on electrical measuring devices. Except for rough checks on motor loading, these devices are deemed not acceptable for pump field tests.
Pump-speedmeasurement. Therevolutioncounter
and stopwatchprovide a
simple and direct method of pump-speed measurement. They are to be preferred for
field tests over more elaborate devices that read directly in revolutions per minute
or revolutions per second. The expected accuracy tolerance for measurements based
on a duration may be improved by extending the duration of the reading.

61
Test Procedure
Preliminary agreement. The contractual obligations of the several parties involved should be clarified to the point of mutual agreement before the start of testing. The following salient points in hydraulic performance are among those that may
be considered desirable:
1. Rate of flow with specified tolerance.
2. Pump total head with specified tolerance.
3. Driver power input with specified tolerance.
4. Pump speed with specified tolerance.
5. Overall efficiency with specified tolerance.
6. Stipulation of hydraulic performance tolerance on field testsmusttake
strict account of the accuracy limitations inherent in field testing. Choice of instrumentation and installation effects shall be considered to avoid specification of
unrealistic tolerances.
The following points in mechanical performance are also desirable:
1. Acceptable vibration limits specifying point of measurement and maximum
total indicator reading in mils (Pm).
2. Noise-level limits above specified ambient noise level, also specifying location at which noise level is t o be measured.
Instrumentation. Choice, installation location,accuracy tolerances, and requirements for calibration curves shall be mutually decided on.
Time limits. The effect of wear caused by abrasive material in the liquid being
pumped makes it mandatory that field tests, if conducted for the purpose of acceptance, be concluded as soon as possible after installation. This effect varies within
wide limits, so as much preliminary information as it is possible to obtain shall be
made available to all contracting parties for the purpose of agreement on the time of
test, or any allowances that shall be made for undue wearbefore the testis run.
Inspection and preliminary operation.
All contracting parties shall make as
complete an inspection as possible of the installation to determine compliance with
installation requirements and correct connection of all instrumentation. On satisfactory completion of this requirement, the pump shall be started. The pump, as well
as the instrumentation, should be checked immediately for any evidence of malfunction. An immediate check of pumping water level shall be made, followed periodically by additional checks until the level has stabilized t o the satisfaction of all
parties. Any evidence of cascading within the well or the presence of gas or abrasive
material shall also be collected a t this time. A preliminary check of all test values
can then be made for stability of reading, and a h a 1 check can be made on any possible malfunction.
Recording. The recording of test data may take any convenient form and shall
include make, type, size, and serial number of pump and driver; date of test; duration of run; description of instrumentation used; instrument constants or multipliers; other basic physical constants or formulas used that arenot specifically listed
in this code; and liquid temperature at pump discharge and pump submergence, as
well as the instrument readings. Additional data or remarks may also be included
by mutual agreement. Copies of test data and accompanying instrument calibration
curves shall be made available to all contracting parties. If several test runs are
made at different rates of flow, a performance curve can be drawn and it shall become a part of the recorded data. An example of a satisfactory field test report form
is shown in Figure A.5.

A W W A ELO1 88 M 0783350 0002812 7
62
AWWA E101-88
Pump Field-Test Report

Test
Owner:
Name
Address
Pump:
Serial No.
Make
Serial No.
Motor:
Make
Rated hp:
subm
rPm vhs
vss
PowerSupply:NominalVoltage
Column: Pipe Size
Frequency
Size Pipe
Discharge
Size Shaft
or Length
Cable
Conducted
Test
Serial
Pump
Test Instruments
Head Below Datum Measured With
Length Air Line (if used)
Discharge Pressure:
Size
Gauge
Make
Date Calibration:Gauge
cific
Fluid
by
No.
Chart
Manometer
Measured Pipe Inside Diameter at Pressure Tap

Type Capacity-Measuring Device Used
Size
Make
Serial No.
Date
Calibration:
ft Downstream From
(Valve, Elbow, or Other Fixture)
ft Upstream From
(Valve, Elbow, or Other Fixture)
Measured Diameter of Pipe at Instrument

PoorCondition
Good
Excellent
Upstream:
of Pipe
Type and Make of Power-Measuring Device Used
No.
Constant
DiscWatt-Hour
Meter
plier
Meter
No.
Watt
Ratio
Transformers
Current
No.
Ratio
Transformers
Potential
No.
Calibration
Chart of Meter
by
Date
pe
Voltmeter:
Ammeter:
Speed-Measuring Device
Figure A.5 Field-testreport form.

A W W A E 1 0 1 8 8 W 0783350 0002813 7
63
Expected Accuracyof Field Test

Measurement
InstrumentAccuracy
Accuracy
Squared
Head above datum

Head below datum
Weighted-average head accuracy*
Capacity
Power
squared
.I
Sum of accuracy
Combined accuracy
*Average is weighfed according to-the proportion of head above datum and head below datum to total head:
(accuracy hb) x hb / H + (accuracy ha) x ha / H = weighted-average head accuracy.
Test Readings and Calculations

All readings except No. 1 are taken when pumping
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Symbol
hb
Head below datum when not pumping

Drawdown
Head below datum
Datum to centerline discharge gauge
Pressure head reading
hv
ha
H
Pressure head above datum

Velocity head in discharge pipe
Head above datum* = (6) + (7)
Total head* = (3) + (8)
Capacity
Current
Line A
Currenf
Line B
Current
Line C
Voltage
Phase AB
Voltage
Phase BC
Voltage
Phase AC
Revolutions of watt-hour meter disc
(constant)
Time
Watt meter reading
Electrical input* from (13 & 14)
or (15)
Horsepower input* = (1 6)/0.746
Revolutions of counter
Time
Pump speed = (18)x 60/(19)
Pump output = (9) x (10) x
sp gr/3960
Overall efficiency* = (21) x (17)
Motor efficiency* (source)
Pump field efficiency* = (22)/(23)
.
. .
.
Units
ft (ml
ft (m)
ft (m)
ft
ft or psi
(m or kg/cm2)
ft (ml
ft (ml
ft (m)
ft (m)
readings gpm
(m3/h)
amp
amp
amp
V
V
V
sec
kW
hP
sec
rpm
hPt
percent
percent
percent
*Calculated.
tResults will be in horsepower only if head measurements are in feet of liquid (hp x 0.746 = kW).
Figure A.5 (continued)

~~
A W W A ELO1 8 8
64
0783350 0 0 0 2 8 2 4 O
AWWA E101-88
Test observations. Since at least two persons will generally be present during a
field acceptance test, the duties of making test observations may be distributed
among those present. It may be preferable, however, if the instrument locations permit, to record each reading as a matter of mutual agreement. The practice of
making simultaneous andinstantaneous
readings of allinstrumentsmust
be
avoided. For example, the transient response of a bourdon-tube gauge is much faster
than that of a mercury manometer. The recommended procedure is to make a continuous observation of at least 1 min of all instrumentation showing rate (or instantaneous values). During the prescribed observation period, if possible, all totaling instruments are read against time to determine rate. With some experience, it is possible to observe rate (instantaneous reading) instruments, mentally rejecting random fluctuations, and selecting the value that represents that prevailing most of the
time during the observation period.
It should be mentioned that the use of linear scales for nonlinear values (inch
scales on differential manometers recording velocity head pressure from a pitotstatic tube,for example) may cause error in the process of obtaining a time-weighted
average, if the fluctuation is appreciable. Not withstanding any skill that may be obtained with experience, it must be recognized that a considerable observational error
can still exist. If possible, readings should be repeated and different observers
should be employed to ensure complete agreement among all parties.
It is difficult to evaluate the effect of fluctuating readings because of the highly
variable damping that may be present with some types of instrumentation. It is not
recommended that any devices be used t o increase damping of instrument readings,
as it is occasionally possible for some of these methods to superimpose a rectifying
effect or asymmetrical response on theinstrumentreading
when subjected to
dynamic fluctuations. It is desirable that the contracting parties agree in advance of
the test on minimum (or maximum) scale readings of instruments and on the magnitude of fluctuation that may be acceptable, although fluctuations in readings occasionally reflect system response and cannot be readily controlled.
Adjustment of field-testresults. Occasionally the pump-driver speeds will
deviate slightly from the nominal value on which the pump performance guarantee
is based. In such cases, the application of the following hydraulic affinity relationships should be made to adjust the test values to the design operating speed:
" >
Q = Q t (
nt
H=Ht(
nt
P=Pt(
nt
l2
l3
Where:
Q
t
=
=
pump capacity, in gallons per minute (cubic metres per hour)


A W W A El03 88 W 0783350 0002835 2 W

VERTICAL "URBINE PUMPS
H
P
=
=
65
anticipated operating speed, in revolutions per minute (revolutions

per second)
Evaluation of accuracy tolerances. Observation errors do not necessarily follow

the law of probability. If agreement on instrument readings cannot be reached
before recording, the arithmeticaverage shall be used.
Instrumentation accuracy tolerances for individual measurements are given in
Table A . l . The value of the overall efficiency, however, is calculated from the head,
capacity, and driver power input measurements. It must be recognized that, in the
extreme case, the accuracy tolerance on overall efficiency could be as large as the
sum of the accuracy tolerances of these three measurements. It will, however, be assumed that the most probable value of the overall efficiency accuracy tolerance is
the squareroot of the sumof the squaresof the individual tolerances.
In the computation of test data, the final values obtained for head, capacity,
driver power input, overall efflciency, and pump speed shall be shown with the appropriate tolerance following each value.

or
A W W A ELO1 8 8 W 0783350 0002836 4
This appendix is for information

only and is not a part of
AWWA E101.
Suggested Specification Form for the Purchase of Vertical Turbine

Pumps
Vertical Turbine Pump Specifications
1.
Purchaser
2.
Address
3.
Installation site
4.
Job reference no.
Date 5.
Electric
mover:
6.
no.
Item
No. required
required
Prime
Other
7.
Prime mover data:

PhaseElectrical:
FrequencyVoltage
rPm
Mechanical: Engine
desired):
(type
Gas
Gasoline
Diesel
Other
Maximum operating rpm
a.
Driver: Vertical hollow-shaft motor drive (Sec.A-2.3.1)

Vertical solid-shaft motor drive (Sec. A-2.3.2)
Vertical hollow-shaft right-angle gear drive (Sec. A-2.3.3)
Vertical hollow-shaft belted drive (Sec. A-2.3.4)
Combination drive (Sec. A-2.3.5)
Submersible motor (Sec. B-2.1)
Other
9.
I o.
Water
Line-shaft lubrication required: Oil
Below base
Type of discharge:Surface
If below base: Distance from datum
discharge tee
II.
Other requirements
66

Other
(see Sec. A-2.4) to centerline of

ft (my
A W W A 101 8 4
0783350 0002817 b
67
Pump Operating Conditions

12.
Design capacity
gpm (m3/h)
13.
Datum elevation
14.
Pumping level below datum at design capacity
15.
Total head above

datum
16.
Total pump head

at
17.
Operating
Minimum
range:
ft (m)
ft (m)
ft (m)
(static plus system friction) at design capacity
fi (m)
design capacity (line 14 plus line 15)

total pump head
ff
Maximum total pump head

18.
Other operating conditions
19.
Overall length
(datum
20.
Length of suction pipe required
h)
ft (m)
to inlet of pump suction case-Part

40,
Table 1)
ff (m)t
ft (m)
Description of Installation
21.
Type of installation: Well
Can
OtherSump
22.
Minimum inside diameter of well or casing to pump setting
23.
Maximum permissible outside diameter of pump
24.
Total depth of well
in. (mm)
in. (mm)
ft (m)
NOTE:A well is considered straight if a 20-ft (6-m) long cylinder equal to the maximum permissible outsidc
diameter of the pump will not bind when lowered to a depth equal to the pump setting.
ft (m)*
25.
Static water level below datum
26.
Sand in water: (After
15-min pumping interval) Concentration-ppm (mg/L)*
27.
Gas in water: (Type,
if known) Concentration-ppm
28.
Other conditions:
29.
Special materials required to resist corrosion and/or erosion:
(mg/L)*
Connections and Accessories

30.
Discharge flange:
31.
Companion flange required: Yes
32.
Strainer
Yes
required:
in. (mm), 125-lb ANSI
No
in. (mm)*, 125-lb ANSI
No
Frequency
Lubricator
Norequired: Yes
33.Voltage
34.
Prelube water tank required: Yes
35.
Automatic lubrication controls required:

Time
delay
36.
Air line and gauge required:

Yes
No
gal (L)*
Capacity
relay
Float switch
No
Pumps are to be furnished in accordance with AWWA E I O1-88, with the following
exceptions
submersible pumps, items 9, 20, 33, 34, and 35 do not apply.

Indicate unit of measure.
~ O T E For
:


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AWWA El01 88

American Water Works Association

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS-LINE SHAFT

Effectiue date: Aug. 1, 1988.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

American National Standard

CAUTIONNOTICE:TheAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front

Copyright O 1988 by American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

E101, whichdeveloped this

Chester A. Green, Chairman

General Interest Members

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

A-6.4 Capacity Measurement ...................

Part A-Line-Shaft Vertical Turbine

Scope and Purpose ........................

Part B-Submersible Vertical Turbine

Standard Nomenclature ....................

Factory Inspection and Tests

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Purpose of Field Tests .....................

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

k. If tests other than those specified in this standard are t o be performed

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

This page intentionally blank.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

American Water Works Association

(Revision of ANSVAWWA EI O1 -77 [R82])

AWWA STANDARD FOR

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS-LINE

Vertical Turbine Pumps

Part A of this standard provides minimum requirements for line-shaft vertical

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

A-2.2.1 The pump bowl assembly is either a single or multistage, centrifugal or

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS

velocity, in feet per second (metres per second)

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Sec. A-3.1 Standard Nomenclature

Sec. A-3.2 Order Form

Sec. A-3.3 Inspection and Certification by Manufacturer

Sec. A-3.4 Information to Be Supplied by Bidder

Sec. A-3.5 Sanitary Codes

Sec. A-4.1 Pump Components

American Society forTesting and Materials, 1916Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

fANSI C50.10-General Requirements for Synchronous Machines. Available from

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

VERTICAL TCTRBINE PUMPS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

combined shearstress,in pounds per square inch

*Anti-FrictionBearing Manufacturers Association,1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 700,

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association