SOME pH CALCULATIONS

STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE

EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

OH = 0.3M

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE
EXAMPLE 11a: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?

50ml
H + = ( 0.7 M )
= 0.175M
200ml
150ml
Ca ( OH )2 = ( 0.2 M )
= 0.15M
200ml

OH = 0.3M

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

0.175M

Change -0.175
Eqm.

0.3M
-0.175
0.125

pOH = -log [OH-]= -log(.125) = 0.90

pH = 14 - pOH =14 0.90 = 13.10

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE

EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE

EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

molH

molH

0.7mol ) 50 x103 L
(
=
= 35 x103 mol = 35mmol
L

0.7mol ) 50mL
(
=
= 35mmol
L

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE

EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
First calculate the number of moles of acid and base:

molH

molH

0.7mol ) 50 x103 L
(
=
= 35 x103 mol = 35mmol
L

0.7mol ) 50mL
(
=
= 35mmol
L

0.2mol Ca ( OH )2 150mL
2mol OH
mol OH =
x
x
= 60mmol
1
L
mol Ca ( OH )2

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE

EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
Second, calculate the number of moles remaining after acid and base combine:

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

35mmol

60mmol

Change -35mmol
0
Eqm.

-35mmol
25mmol

Third, calculate the molarity:

ANOTHER METHOD TO SOLVE

EXAMPLE 11a
EXAMPLE 11b: 50ml of 0.70M HCl is mixed with 150 ml of 0.20M Ca(OH)2.
What is the final pH?
Second, calculate the number of moles remaining after acid and base combine:

H + ( aq ) + OH ( aq ) H 2O ( l )
Init.

35mmol

60mmol

Change -35mmol
0
Eqm.

-35mmol
25mmol

Third, calculate the molarity:

25mmol 25mol
OH =
=
= 0.125M
200mL
200 L

Finally, calculate the pH:

pOH = -log [OH-]= -log(.125) = 0.90

pH = 14 - pOH =14 0.90 = 13.10

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
from HCL =
= 40mmol
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
from HCL =
= 40mmol
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

Total mol H + = 40 + 30 = 70mmol

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONG ACID + STRONG ACID
EXAMPLE 12: 50ml of 0.80M HCl is mixed with 100 ml of 0.30M HNO3. What is
the final pH?

mol H

0.8mol ) 50mL
(
= 40mmol
from HCL =
L

mol H from HNO3

0.3mol ) 100mL
(
=
= 30mmol
L

Total mol H + = 40 + 30 = 70mmol

70mmol
H + =
= 0.467 M
150ml

pH = -log [H+]= -log(.467) = 0.331

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
EXAMPLE 13: What is the pH of 0.050M HCl, 0.70M acetic acid, and 0.40M
hydrocyanic acid?

HCl ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + Cl ( aq )
Eqm.

0.05M

0.05M

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.05)

= 1.301 =1.30

Ka = 1.74x10-5M

HCN ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + CN ( aq )
LeChateliers Principle

K a = 4.79 x1010 M

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
CHECK HYPOTHESIS

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.05)

= 1.301 =1.30
Ka = 1.74x10-5M

Init.

0.7M

Change -x
Eqm. 0.7-x

+x

+x

0.05+x

=
x = 1.74 x105

0.05M

( 0.7 x )
( 0.05 + x )

+x

( 0.05 + x ) x = 1.74 x105

0.7 x

x = 2.44 x104 M

H + = 0.050244

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.050244) = 1.299 = 1.30

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
STRONGER ACID PLUS MUCH WEAKER ACID OR ACIDS
EXAMPLE 14a: How do you calculate the pH of 0.70M acetic acid, and 0.40M
hydrocyanic acid?
Ka = 1.74x10-5M

HCN ( aq ) H + ( aq ) + CN ( aq )

K a = 4.79 x1010 M
pH = 2.46

EXAMPLE 14b: How do you calculate the pH of 0.85 M phosphoric acid?

H 3 PO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) H 2 PO4 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a1 = 7.1x103 M

H 2 PO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) HPO42 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a 2 = 6.2 x108 M

HPO42 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) PO43 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )

K a 3 = 4.8 x1013 M

pH = 1.13

FE12

SOME pH CALCULATIONS
pH SULFURIC ACID

EXAMPLE 15: What is the pH of sulfuric acid (a) 0.020M, (b) 0.20M, & (c) 2.0M?
(a)
Init.

H 2 SO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) HSO4 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )
0M

0.02M

0.02M

pH = -log(.02) = 1.70

HSO4 ( aq ) + H 2O ( l ) SO42 ( aq ) + H 3O + ( aq )
Init. 0.02M
0
0.02M
Change -x
+x
+x
Eqm. 0.02-x

K2 =

x ( 0.02 + x )
= 1.2 x102
0.02 x

H + = 0.02627 M

K1 >> 1
K 2 = 1.20 x102 M

0.02+x

x = 1.2 x102

( 0.02 x )
( 0.02 + x )

x = 0.00627M

pH = -log [H3O+] = -log(.02627) = 1.58

(b)

Estimated pH = -log [0.2] = 0.70; actual pH = -log(.2108) = 0.68

(c)

Estimated pH = -log [2] = -0.30; actual pH = -log(2.012) = -0.30