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*Feedback for the NEBOSH example Oil and Gas question paper (downloadable from the NEBOSH website),
and the sample question paper from the NEBOSH guide.
Other examiners reports can be purchased from the NEBOSH shop.
Element
1:1:Health,
andenvironmental
environmental
management
in
Element
Health,safety
safety and
management
in context
context
exam question
Risk management tools and techniques are used to minimise hazardous events
associated with oil and gas exploration and production activities.
(a)
6 marks
(b)
8 marks
(c)
6 marks
(b)
(c)
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2 marks
(b)
2 marks
(c)
Flashpoint.
2 marks
(d)
2 marks
(a)
The highest concentration of a flammable substance in air that will ignite when
exposed to an ignition source. Above the UFL the mixture is too rich to burn.
(b)
The lowest concentration of a flammable substance in air that will ignite when
exposed to an ignition source. Below the LFL the mixture is too lean to burn.
(c)
The minimum temperature to which a material must be heated for the vapours
emitted to ignite in the presences of a flame.
(d)
Substances which remain liquid under pressure and having a flashpoint lower than
21C.
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Many major oil/gas incidents have occurred in recent years, for example, Texas City,
Mumbai High.
(a)
4 marks
(b)
4 marks
(a)
Reasons include:
preventing re-occurrence
meeting legal requirements
gathering evidence to defend against legal action
determining costs.
(b)
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(a)
4 marks
(b)
4 marks
(a)
(b)
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Safety cases and safety reports provide documented evidence that an oil and gas
installation is safe.
Outline the typical content of these types of documents.
8 marks
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An employee was seriously injured in an accident at work within an oil and gas installation.
Identify the documented information that might be used by the
investigating team to determine the causes of this accident.
8 marks
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2 marks
(b)
4 marks
(c)
2 marks
(a)
(b)
Benefits include:
the promotion of operational quality
minimising variation between workers
compliance with government procedures
provision of a reference source for modifications of plant.
(c)
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8 marks
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8 marks
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Many serious accidents or incidents, including the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, involve
root causes associated with shift handover.
An outgoing operator is handing over to an incoming operator at the end of a shift.
(a)
10 marks
(b)
10 marks
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Element
C1: General
workplace
answer
expected
byissues
examiners
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8 marks
Hot work welding, burning, grinding, etc. because such work might provide a
source of ignition in the presence of fuels, leading to fire. It ensures adequate fire
precautions are taken during and after the work.
Live or high voltage work to ensure competent (electrical) employees, correct
safe isolation and live working procedures are followed, safe equipment and tools
used, etc. as appropriate.
Working at height to ensure that a proper safe working at height plan is followed,
safe systems of work are followed, safe equipment used and rescue facilities are in
place where appropriate.
Working over water to ensure that appropriately trained operatives are
employed, together with all adequate precautions, such as life preservers, rescue
boats, etc. being in place.
Work in confined spaces to ensure adequate safe entry precautions are taken, air
monitoring where appropriate, use of safe tools and equipment (especially in what
may be flammable or explosive atmospheres); safe isolation is ensured and rescue
arrangements in place to recover persons.
Special maintenance permits where maintenance is of particularly high risk, or
conditions such that very close control must be maintained, especially where a shift
system may change during the work being carried out.
Simultaneous operations to ensure the interactions, hazards & risk implications
of a number of activities that are to be carried out at the same time are controlled &
scheduled to minimize risk.
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A large oil company is proposing to build a new oil and gas installation in the North Sea. The
Process Safety Management Team is analysing past incidents and database records from the
Oil and Gas Industry.
Excluding active and passive fire protection systems, outline physical
design features of the platform that would minimise risk to operating
personnel in the event of a major incident.
8 marks
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Element3:3:Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
process
safety
2
Element
process
safety
2
exam question
Outline the content of a procedure for bypassing an emergency
shutdown (ESD) system.
8 marks
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The diagram below shows a typical arrangement for receiving a pipeline inspection
gauge (PIG). A pressure gauge (P) and a PIG detector (D) exist within the receiver/trap.
The detector (D) confirms that the PIG has been received in the trap, having earlier been
launched upstream at high pressure.
Main line flow
By-pass valve C
Vent valve E
D
PIG receiver/trap
PIG
Door
PIG receiver
isolating valve B
Drain valve D
(a)
4 marks
(b)
(b)
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Functions include:
cleaning
facilitating hydro-testing
relaying information
plugging of pipelines.
(i) Valve B and valve C.
(ii) Valve E and valve D.
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2 marks
(b)
2 marks
(c)
2 marks
(d)
2 marks
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Creep.
2 marks
(b)
2 marks
(c)
Thermal shock.
2 marks
(d)
Brittle fracture.
2 marks
Creep the gradual extension of material under a steady tensile stress, typically
over a long period of time. It occurs in stages known as primary or transient creep,
secondary creep and tertiary creep. Creep is usually important at high temperatures.
(b)
(c)
Thermal shock the effect of cracking that results from rapid and extreme
temperature changes when a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object
to expand by different amounts, causing uneven expansion and cracking to occur.
(d)
Brittle fracture occurs very suddenly and without warning, allowing a rapid
release of energy. It occurs because the structure of the material does not slip, so
small cracks appear throughout so quickly that a massive failure is produced,
often promoted by low temperatures.
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2 marks
(b)
4 marks
(c)
2 marks
(a)
(b)
(c)
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4 marks
(b)
4 marks
(a)
(b)
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Element4:4:Fire
Fire
protection
emergency
response
Element
protection
andand
emergency
response
exam question
(a)
Outline how a fire risk may still exist with floating roof
tanks.
(ii) Identify TWO examples of a fire protection system used
on floating roof tanks.
Process modules in an oil and gas installation often contain
computer rooms that require fire protection.
(b)
4 marks
2 marks
2 marks
(a)
(i)
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An oil installation contains a vessel that requires protection from fire exposure in the form of
active or passive fire protection.
(a)
2 marks
(b)
2 marks
(c)
2 marks
(d)
2 marks
(a)
(b)
The metal legs of a vessel should be protected because, if they are not, they will
heat up, expand, lose their strength and fail, losing their structural load-bearing
capability (this happens over around 400C for steel and around 200C for
aluminium). This will cause the vessel to topple and potentially rupture, escalating
any fire.
(c)
(d)
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Element5:5:Logistics
Logistics
transport
operations
Element
andand
transport
operations
exam question
Identify EIGHT marine hazards associated with all types of floating
production, storage and offloading units (FPSOs).
8 marks
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(a)
3 marks
(b)
5 marks
(a)
(b)
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