NO.

45

NOTES FROM THE SHOP

$2.50

PLUS: OUTDOOR WOODS & GLUES

AND A LOOK AT BRAD POINT BITS

Sawdust
June. 1986
Ed40r
Donold

Petchke

Dc:Jgo o.'8CIOC
TodKral_

Amlant EdI1o<s
Steve Ktol1",.,.
Doug," L Hicb

Doug," M. Lidster
TecMealluskarD<s
Dev'" Krayllng
MlQfIenry
JIm PI1II

~-...

~SondyJ

a..um

ChI'lS18l 1.4..
VIcky Robinson
Jackie Stroud
P.tKoob
Compute< Oper,,1Cf1$
K...... ln'"

Ad""",,,,ralllle A$sI$tatns
Chefyt Scott

KoIt.a.uma
Buu\l>I'II~
ArchteKf8U$O

_.'9

WOOOSMmt (ISSN 0'6404"4. IS I)l.dsIIed

bilollhl)l (f'1!bru3!y. ""'" .u.. AiJgIJsI. 0:_
Oece..'C>e! by WoodsmiIh
Co_ 2200
Grand A". Des Moines. ..,.... 503'2
WOOOSMllli Is ~ed
_
01 ....
~..."
Publshng Co
CopyrIght '1Ie8 by _
I'IilIISttolg Co
All Rogt-.. Res"",..,
SUbierlpliont: OM year 16 _)
S10. Two
yoara (12 '""""S) $'6 Sngle copy p!IQ>. S2.5O
(C.'\Mda 8tId FOfel9<'.odd S2 per yea,.)
Cluing<! Of Add,.. Pl<.'a.., be $Ke to ,_
boch~' old 8tId new address.
Socond.1us _lege pllleI 8t OesMe,nes. Iowa.
Postmalter Sef'd Change 01 addf1lSS I10CJCe
f'otm 3579 10 _
-"'9 Co. 2200
G,*",1we Oes_ Iowa 503'2.
BACt< ISSUES
No bad< _
d -......
are OIlS ..Sen110r a tree _
dascro'lllheoocr.ems """
pnoosola;bed<_
SAMPLE COPIES
H~ have alnend whov.wld ~e 10see a 00fJ'f0i
Wood.mhh. 1usl_lIlenameaodaddress,
and
well seI1CI a srunplO (01no 0061J

"tI.~1~~lT

I WlL< jIl'Owing
The chaJ.l!,(l "p're showing 111thl:-- .:-"l'oU{' is
up in St. IdJUi,., I U~~to visit Sha\\"!'- made o( reel" 00<1 and ' m, right at home
Garden whloh .....' right aero,,-' the street
out en Ih~ -un. It 81.." h, all th~ adju.<table
from wh~.... I WIl!I born. (('(uw it's called the (eature' tt) 1Il8k,you comfortable,
~Ii'><)uriButanie.d Center. But it W8, ong~t\\'.'A(.t.,I.;_lnthe two months since the
inally th~ <'OunlryI'l'lale of Henry Shaw. " l{:l"t i"I"Ul'l"ftl1lt.' out, "'t"\'~h(hIL-d three new
nineteenth eentury OOlanl'l 1\ hu eolleeted
faCt'lCto nUJ' WO\l),.
all IYI"'" o( tr("'~ and )llsnt. from around
Jim I'rill ho. ',gnlod 011 as 0 technical
Ih, W'>I'1<I.)
illust rator- J,m (aIolIl!' with about 40
Th;, hUll('gar<len ~,18t.!la, alway. been nthers) ft",wt'r,,1 thr hrII)o" anted "arl" in
open to Ih, public but I 81\\'a) < considered
this column la..t \\ snter, At that time. Jim
it m~'
playground -I\,th ,pecial-climbinf,!
was a d. 19nU mdl'rrutn for Kodak in
trees" h~...,."cllhtre.
Rochester .,.1 w... atlendlnll the RochesIn the 1'IIOtten ) ears or <0. the !tUde"" I.,.. I nsuunc arT ..,ImoIogy.
have been uI1gI1IJ1e<I
and new """,..."added.
J un Is """
am nl:tIM!proee- " ....U"Eto
)I> fa,onW..-ea._ .... the Jap"J1(.,-egardt>n
peod
at th art"ork In esch i.,.-ue. II'.
and the EIlj:!ioh walking prdt>n.
m..., n' I.cd than > 011 m.,ml think T1K. waJkinl1l(U1ien 1$ not a f"rma) gar. """h d",.
I't IW"", about S hours to
den. It's mon f 8 r\I$UC 11"t'(~<hadecIpath
<'OmpI
th
h n series of~"
that
,urroundfdb) hoot ... and oth. rl,bint, that
In u 1 I
ktle!ung. '"tight" pencil
thrive ln I"" hade
dl'1l" I ....
In.., ng. lhe' lim" inkin!\'. and
\\'ell. It "b
n 1111 !:l'"Icn thaI I r.r<1 ..Id'lll:I) '1-) I".' tbe l)"...~t wonk
arttl tllltl r CI )
.lI<'Ounl<~I 0" ~ II" h
bench hk
lht: one flhf,""1I1nthu. LUlJ{ 'lne) are (Iult,.
" .... , I(h I U~h L'oOOUlloo dral\;nj(l;.
hanrl""'lllu !lrJfl seem sturdv elillul.:h to 1,... al ",1,1 "I' t~~
R k.t or time - so we're
right {It tUIIIU' ill It \\,uacl"cl-,..ttlnl{ 1 h.,),,...- r"11I1n,ftt.~
to tU\\" .lun tll'J~ling out.
also (~\littl'f,rtl(,.rtIll,1j
"'Ith 1t t'f,n\(}(ll't'Cl
".l(1 ll:tuulMhR." IlltW joined our ~tarr to
seat and "n~h ..1001 k
I II''''''
Ihth~ClI'Cul"ljonworkand""'me

...
\s we AtJlrt('f1 "'Irk n thas l~nC"h,lh(>~ IIr th I
t',,~1of ,)utling out a magn
wa. a klllptut on I.. mpliCy11M!coru I'"
Sh
aI$o ", "Iuntt-ered- to do thi,
lIon. It "oul,I 11:... been
, to
IIlIIr
h...h "in be out in late
Iap~or mayb< du", 0
t bu d I
But ,1M! mort
and I
J Ult'1") w,
lh; aubJect o( the S""rt:.~
u.-.ed M'C!rm mu h mort aw
priat M
10 "",nuoo tlutl la.."'l "ear',
work
but m h mon In ",""m..,
, I") tlu.".-.stuI. Q\'cr 2-io.0fJ0
with Ihl! project \\'ben
I and
infonnation kits were
,land back 10 look alllM! final prt><Iurt I
1\
JlJt ~
"'en, ,'el)'
h& It "',k
b.-nchlha w Iaot man
""'"
"" ,'IlIc lhllo our ,u.
man;. ~(~rs.
om ....,tnd hope) "u r....I,I', helpful
CIIAI~!: 1..0",.,1
lil",1I101: has nc' r
I~r w It..crihen. th., Sm'I'C('OOok;" J1
bc~n "ne ,,( m~ "ranll ,M'IIlll! In t rt. I "ratal
f caWOlf'." :;incc we don\ earI')'
think it'~
a la~'kur inlil..,'lJall(,n to IUl u,nt
.. h rrt ng III \1'"",1"",1". WCdl",ld.d to PUI
that th\'I"C,;"tj.
onl)' 0111' \\U) tCI I~IJ II \.\ortt
IlUL th ~ou.tI rllOfN. to pro\'ide an takS)' \\'l'l~'
Ro:ll' I \\'l-ll'o IlHjklll~ in ttu' ctictlfJm\r) II) to Ill,tt r ~\"JI'IICI"f)li\ing <'fllalOf,.'Sand product
,erify the ,pellin~ Il(",-h.", 1"lIng, ." I "a,1 {11ftr11UIlk,II 'I'h(l ."flun't'#Mxm t'Onlel'i out ill
.om, ,Umrult)" finding It. \\,h'~1 1 r.1la1~ Ihe r"'l RI.11t!"",,1.<1 to all ofour subscribe,,,
did fin(! "('Millie lonJ,tlh
.
. IIIUth'lnl'_ m~ tlur
fn.... of eh:u'J(e_)
pri ... to nnd Ihat 1 h.,1 pI"" Ix,." =1"""
\nol lIun'. nne moA' addition to the
noundnll il all tht-se ) caN It's I'" notlJK'e(1 11""d 11 Ih group. Pllt Koob', ,.oict- "ill
",haze I""g- (,,"h btlIe I,uck, r to) the
Jorub:obly b<
n,."t one Y'MI h<-.lJ' if youha\'e
and me,.n.' -lang th:llr: Iil('raUy
"'"lL>OII to <aIJ Il:!. Pat i, in <Ilarge of
Beyond 8J",Uillg and pronu""",u.,n, lhb
~om<'1';en'k, ..,.j ill anxlou!' ttl IM!Ip
you ii
long chalf 'II< as a challenge to bUIld
the~'c!a probIem .... th ) 'Mlr trub.<cripti'm.a
\\'h"ne'er you tl") 10 rnal<e>lr'aii!ht pten'.O domag..' or misSnlr l<.",,. or quegion
ofwood",n(orm to an aliju.,table and b<>m- about a A'''' ....'aI or back i,sue order.
able human 001). )ou\ ~ got IIOmede, gn
M <>i her tilll(' Is ,~nt ""'1'Ondinll to
problem. to "ork out
the '1'\..... fonn alu.:hed \0 the en"elope in
I've aJl\'a~.admlJ','<!Ih. ,ngenuity oi tbe
f'2(h ISS'J". ~ it ~ouhavl.:a f)rob1em with
foldinj(alumanum eh,.it'> -I he~ ",rtainl~'
:.,xlr 8uhN:riptlt.n. pl"a~ (lOP)freetou..~that

conlort aU tho wa~- you .xl ..."'t Ihem to. ("nn_ I.. , "ill b<-l(Wd10 hrlp.
Bul all thaI aluminum tubing and pla.tir
NEXT MAILISCI. The AugtJ.,t l<sue of
webbing '<'em, out or place in the Jm!llt 1I,~~I"lIIIJ,
(No. 16) will he mailed during
outd""I".
the wC('kof AUI.'uMt:II. I!lR6.
ABO!."

\\ben

~"''''fI

S""""I>0<'" ..

grant,"'.

rrr.1uct

..,,,;c..

or.

Ii"",.

u...

\VOODSI>-IITH

__

T_i~s& Technigu_e_s__
TABLE SAW SHELf

When "orking on the Lab"' saw it seems lik,

there'~ n,,, er ~MIl"" <pore 10 set

tIunIr.

amount o( heat and tim!' to )l'!t the ink to

transfer, (Thping the pattern just at the lop

m the rout", and aligll thv f.n"" -o th.,

outside of Ih~ plru<tielaminate i, even wilh
the oot.rrm< .. t eutting' "lit" of the bit. This
will tUo a ~, - <Ilt out oftl", ,,,.I'Icpiere. Th!.

down ttl,.. rmter gaul:\'. np (ente. j~. or

workpieces). [ used to aIwa,)" end up eluuerins: up a cerm-r o( the AAW" tabletop, Th('n [
wondol"l.1 where all my work surfnC(' hAei

allows you to hit up the lttom and ..~'

"here morv twat mij!b1 he 1"",[l'CI.)
The only drawl>aeks to lh ....m,othod art'
that the !'<IttI'm .ire is limit.", to the
of
the photOc'\'IIYpaper (thou):h Ihey could J",

....snc~

I~:~r

;6 ,

.u.-

I iiPi
I ..o.... te.

'lNCI

l,iE'(E(1 lA>Il\'lherl.and it mak('S a mimI!'

Unage o( Ih. actual pattern (wnieh il'n\
problem on """'t work).

jrone.

Th""" ethe probl~m[ add.od PI"<" of

plywood "",en t,h.;. saw eabinet and tho
legs, C,ot~:To do thl, on some tabk- >011'"
you may have to buy longer bohs.) TIll'
plywood il< about the si,/,('of the sa" t.ubl,'
with W ('xtensiOl1>\ "., II ereates a ,Iwlt
under both of the exten-,OIl.'
By makinll the \\idth of the.he!f equ:u t,h.;.
distance ""t ween the raiJo <... the saw, lh. np
f..nce can Iw damped lei tho
when if.
not in u-e, [ also 1'O\lt,~1 a shallow d.d"
across (h" oh.!f Cor the miler gauge.

.""If

OAOOIOI- ...
c..uGl

.'--'.

tOIl....
Ol.... ..a
anwE:lN 1tAilS

MIn'

ON SAWtAW

K..dh And..,..,11
LHKnJh.lllill("''(
SCIlAPER HANDLE

It ,..,..,m< likl'e\'{'~' timto IU....8~r(nr.

period of lime my fuw;I":' l'W't to aehe and
then Ittt hot (rom the fricliun of ,.,...,.",nl1).
And if that II", -n'l happen, Iget a l!CI'QlChor
nIck on fin~"r from a sharp co.,)er or edlf,

only timitution i.' th"t th, thickness o( lb.'

wcrkpiee can\ exeeed t.h(' I")\j(th orth. bll'~
cutting lodge.
Sin<e tIMferoceon tb.' lI'"oJx",il}' router
table c, n ''''''lble. [ d<";''''<1 to add my
Jointer attachment to tbo t.rrk of the f,_
and then Jo.,l turn the f('I1(, nround \\ h~n I
wanted to UM' the router lshl(1 n....a jcinu-n

-.

II

onhe ';<'''I,,'r.

To ""', ,. tht'llI'Oblem, I """k- a handl" fnr

my ><npel' by "",;a\\ing. prece ofhard"oocl
to create t ...o V:-thiek piece.. thaI sand .. ieh
th,- >era[.", I::ach of the piec"" has a .Ii""t
taper on il I" (oil"" the naturullUlgle o( my
Iwld do" n to Lh., blade,

/)''''ld E.[",.gn,
Sp"""lfirld. Jf ;.~Oftn

Editu"" .\',11,: " ..( adell'll /Jat,u"$

atta~Jtlll~il'
III t),.-

1'(1""',. t(.h/(

.~I')IJJft

ii' ()",.

aIr,JI'

(lfld 11'(',,,, 81tr}lri&..'ClhOff' ~IIICH,t" and st IT'

;~,"t

cld IIV 1''1n ublt'lu gct If tfOl,r roltl, r I,'ill

OCTqJf It. " /IOH~"",Ir,. h,' IIY/rtJt lirlff r
(1

,}la, fa ,. ahnftk hit 3,/1N' ,Itt'

I,rlp... rol ,/()lc,! n'bmf,a,

III

rkn-,JaanJ:

COPYING PAnERNS

k"'I' """ ciUSI from building up in Ihl'

...binet, I <Ilt """III""'
in (he C('nUr.A
1'0

"'lit>

tln.-t <O~11on drawer or bag rou[d abo he

added undcorth~ hok-.

Finall~; my::;ears tabl" """ ha,.. a pl1>hon

nff s\\'itlh tI"lI [ mounted 10the front of th,'
<helt, It'. """Y 10push it ofTwi!h my kn"" if
Ix>thhallf' are 011 a \\ nrkp.w
[Jal d .~'(.lIrt
BrllfTl4(. l\osh.1tg'('
ROUTER TAilLE JOINT[R

I don't ha\'. ajo,"~r ill myohop. bUI I ("UIlI[

an ea.,y "II,)' to rnaiu- my rout~r t.ahle"mouth
and :,lral~htl'" the 00):" of a piece of "ood
like it h,," bt"n PL,'-'!d 0\. r a jointer.
To muke Ihe Jointer: glue. pi_ of
thick pla"t[. laminal<>(Formil'tl) to th,' I"n

~i"~

V,.

(oulf""")
o( the (.0('\' "" tbat on" ,,",1
line.,. up "ith the bit 01"'"'''11 Ul the felll' '
Thoen 'tightly bevd the ,.Igc ~Cthelaminate
near t...."I",mnl(.o lhat It WOCl', -ouch- th.

leading ,'Orner oCthe \\orkl''''t<!.

Next mount 'bidl~llpl1(,'{1o;trnight bil

It alwny.. ",,'m.Uke a I"t of t",'uul~ to "opy

an i1'triCilt(~ llCtltt'l"D from a t)lJllk. tn:.t.gnnl)e.

or plan onto a \\~I\ \\orit,)iece~ It', a

matter of C'Oru}l~ )..'t1C.II)()UlL.... u..~~
tar
bon pal't'r, "1' cuttinj( oUt th< pattern .nd
then tmcing "round it.
As Il X{,l'U)' ~l'\i('(l n:J))\q.nt.ativ(' it oc
curred 10me thai ~ "",,,'~' u.-ed to tral)$
(er ink tu ""1"'I'm phc.t()('<.I'Y machinesC<>CJkl
he 0.......1{otnn,,(er pattern.' to wood. ~I""t
major brond photocolli,'"" u
h,at
~n:;'lti\e IIlk(toner). 8~' n.':lIJI)I)ing he~tltt.
the ink, <nnw of it \liD 1<'11\'1> the photn"'J>~
and mu" ("T to the wood.

Tohrtin. I make IIs"""IanII.Motoc"I'Y (,(

thepatll'm,~n(themore
phbticnt.d
rnaclrinc!> ;.tlnt.-rlll"Op)
~fn)tt e\'~n h.'\\\"

variable enlargemenlsn"

To mak" a channel fur th"

prot'! th.> burr on th" 1.lrk

"""(l<!I' .... 1

""Ire
(..,
tb.
SCl'Ilpercan he $harpeoc>(1on hoth edges), I

glued a COUlll.o( ,;nulll SC)'II'"of ven""r to

the ou\:-itll~"")nl~~
on OtW"( the bo:u'(t~.
Then tho- ,,1I<,k a<.",mbl), is ~Id UI!:t1h,r
"ithacoupk'o(boltsand

",ng nU,""

V""1 Ff'I9/d
.;\/tfJUJW. IOU'll

SlND IN YOU. IDlAS

I-----------------l
"yotfd "IOSIlare.~t!pWl:h_

n.luction "'dpabil. readers of Woodsmllh, send your ide8 to.

iii"", Thi~m('",,,, you CRn"nlarge a sea[",1 Wood$ITIlth, TIps & TecIlnlque 2200 Grend
grid rlrawinl( up to CuD ,i7.."
Ave.. Des MoInes. IOWa 50312.
Thon tum ~ phnl"""II~ over link .00(.
Wepaya_oI
S1010< bpS, ""'$150<

I down) and 11<1'"it to tht' "'orkpiece.

X.xt,

heat up a ckdl(', iron to ito high<ost... UIIIg

and "iron- rillht ov.r th,' p.ltlel'1l, (t ""'Y
lak~ liul~ Ill'llCtice to tlL.t.rmine the right

_gove.~~.

lI\OIe "" opIQ8l tecInques 'INI we accepoed

""publ!catJon>.
!Jon of your idea If. slcelch .. _.

send ,t

along; we't! draw a new one

\VOOO,\UTH

Brad Point Bits

GETIING RIGHT TO THE POINT

\\ 'III! ... ski I.

t'\ hll, t \\'l,t 01\-",(10'1'\). refer to the

illu-t t';ttll'" xl the 1('(\,
II .. : PUt"'- Vi"'t, th~ po".1 Ona

ba.'I<' than
""nlll:
!<t I:I'Ih th.> nl:ilL
bit. flouok II '" I h. drill. and
bore ttl(" )u.l , 1'('111u'"ll(.'t\~I've
("'Iuwl ttl{ I"U'" 1m.'J(, lh11 ilrtK.'(~,Iuri"' ttl" 111'11', Iikvly t\1u-."h)r1'oo

,,-r. ,

""II\'

hnul pOint hit

lUlU

I..." "Ill "I" ~).

;;.IIlt'l III'

!IV.

II", til' o( Ih~ bit

l!<Ins IJIY lht (I,-,rk and \\llf}l:l,,r.-;_

Ju..Olt (If)lluJ;:h1U) the hflff' starts iI.the
1IO'rnlI: ,>Ia<to Or the lIP (011o", th,

J.8lh

"r iea<l

n'SlSWlI.'" th..hul!'i>
,~
gnun and enu ... the bit
tn octuaIIy benrl", the h. ,k' i..
bored. Or. the Cut"" d, t:" th """dust. an<1the "'t 5IMUi to .. """" and <IIlOkc
_I turns blu(
These problems are 'ball) tbe result ,.(

..

to-_

u.I;Jn~
the \\ ron}!;tlJ/l('f/bit - t wist bi~-to

h<l", 1101,'5'" wood .""" 1,L hll~ are ",bti,,-h

Incxp"n~I\t and it\'ailnhl,,

tv(.t)~ht"1"t.'.bUL

gl,()cl woodwurking tOt,t~.

'nley'n dl",igneci fur (hilling holt'Sill metal
\Vh~n R h(,I" h,c'Ito be ;,ort'<lin wood (that is,
th(')"1"l' Jill' \'(tr)'

ixlrinl': an l\C<umtdy l.-lIt,,1 hnl~ "ith clean

l'<lj('''')' yuu n~l"1a hit "ith a ,,,,nler poinl br...ll .. ihl bit.

1WIST8IT

Tlil WOOO BOiliNG BIT

Hr." I.,ant bit un dJn.oct de""",Ylant. of

haJ.I~lri' n u ~ bi
!;if\('{' aUj!er bit.
lla,._,ll!t'tl\ in WM: ~ r nturi("S. tht;)'\'(t h.1.J
tiln4t"t:\'ClI\
1,lfllIH r ,.tJ;".:11 Thatjohi, ....
("/1/1"",1001 .. 11101" an "-.MIIII
Bll~(II!OIt'lIJII nt' ,1 J{1t\"t' ~a rnxhll1e ..
driveu \ 1'1 i411l III ;&"1-:" r hilA
kl)ll cliff"I'
f;lf(lllfi"'.liltl:. I neu t \\ t 1.1 I 111t,,,,,, n- r..lar

tx......j ..'lt'!\Ij..,'l1 r~,lUI" Ll

1tl\,;U( UN' ". rkUl~

end (If t,.1ul 1111.' t

" "' " U m \\OOtl

TI,l
rut ",to till' J"n(,f'
'I!(
..,rl"r
1,,,/,/""1
2 l~"f{,{it!c,a MI,f'I' "n,J,
hl" ..k ,,"'p .Ihe bit_Tile bet'fled
Til " "
f~(

"'(Irt",'t~

t'(

("1/((

uJ' tJI' 1t1'1'IHI,i'~I,lt'kI'n't'tde~

II/I(I'1lf"tt ''''1

tilt ("1ft'ill!J 1'1"11

a f1l(itif.tfll

'''1' bit

uyft

f"

,'t"(1"",.., Ihr

"q(l !.IJ tl,f' 1!'('111(JIf""

ItI 111,.I.Hl~A~ 'kf II, t~1 a Il"

tI'e ,-({g; ;Jf'tlt4 "ll

is(l1 ""ml'll bt (,I'(('f ;'1 II J'1S-

IS ~harp8nd

tapered,

'rhi~ lx,int 1"'Siliun....I.h4!bit at the

l'\Uc"" C."i~lll4,:r
of lhl' holf' lecaticn
allli gUI<II" th,' hit as th~ hnl~i.<
'.'1'(.1 "IWIS' bit. on lh" other
"'md. "_"\
han- a point, In facl.
there ~ I. tlat ... I~c between 1M two
(,\J~tlJlgsurf46('(';'. ~. the t\l,i....l bit
tt ,)I: I ((J (lritt ay.a~from the tenter
-' soon a... It ..tarts rotaune.
1.11"
~"l H._' !n addition to the
pomt. mo.<t h<-I!"N!uality brad
pOlDtbits ba,,I.,.O llharp.p'", lhat shear
the ,,,,",, 61... rs ut the p"ru1\l-h-r of the bole.

makllll(cl m, ."" ,h ';'1,- (Brad p<>intb,l.with "'1'''''"' an' 8Ofll(uml ....raltM spur' bius, )

TIlt; LI~. A. th, IN"nt Pillet'S the wood

and the 'pu..,. CUI III'" ,I"fill" the perimeter
"fth. hole, lh" .-"IIII'llli,""'h the brad point
bit act likl' l'l:v(llving ehi-els. TI\~ypare
n\\J\)' ""()(MJ ~hu\'I".J...~
within the perimeter
g",n'i I hy lh( ~1)Ut'!ol.
lilt, H.I"11-:!< ~

lIIally. thenules on a brad

IlOlnl t'lt -,1",\'''It,\'p'''r :uul (It't},*r lhan

7/" .-.1.. 1"1(11'" lIhol(ld

3II,~"',.J
rllllte."ppo,1
rl,,

b",..cl ."

1/,

the

/)(> li,,,,,1

up "ill,
bi<xk.The bit'll

,/u)I(ld b<I.Ii{ll,ll y Itig/II!'" tJldll

hi,,,,,,,, '" 'YI "fhtt_

..

tl14'1x1~ 0.' th~

Tn./mryk" Ihr ."1'",...1;11111. :filc"$lnp
Tu ./,a",.
1'1"" .'roke th~ edge of
4
6
Iltr htl~ U.e brad 110;"/ 5 nat
IIII ,nlJldl' 8u1facc OJ"the
tI'f "fil<' .1rip
Ih, rutl
"",.d filtr
(/,I"""j,,,. Iltr /I';<kll'.' ~ftltf f'(llldpoptrl'.lft
(if
""d foUo/(' Iilr /)(0,'1/ 0" 'h" block_ 8.caref,,1
1'J'l'dt..l;tn'ICf
'/lff .. {III(/

lx(j(",ttl

o}

(l{/(""",t

i"!l

Itllur.

"'m"pt,11t1r" olri"

1Ird

If) .lIorpi!"lhe lip_

tI,t! IH'I'i'1 'hI' block to "toiJ,tain

('"Or"c" ,fit I'vk",g (Itl{llf'.

II /I"
01'N'

,,0110 "nx:"" 1/"Jilt_

\VOOOSMITH

II

Out(>:_;.on a .1,\; .., bn, "fhc.. re (It";-o:i~t>(l to

<til"t w cod ,;lm"in~~'1'"I'kll'

:'<'r~lll~i

.. llllvlt .uPPOI't hlock

Ia

\\ 1)11)(1

SU.-.ORT ULO(~k '(". 1.lkt the ~Ul)I)t')1

SELECTING A BRAD POINT 81T

()kt\~: -o brad l)l~ll\

<.'"
~
bit. l m .
rn.m a

t,,,...~aM!'l)l,tt ..'r lhai:l t \\ i"'t

bleck. ('Ut a

\'.J,.rJ"JoII\'( (It.\\ n thl" Iln'_'1.11111It

"lId~l.,f\\UlKI, ;001'1'
t'll-: 1.Th. rlepih otthe

,ll1ot:'11t'('

scrap so I"~ abc It as thick a:- the

N.!l w con t 114.'I~l"'t ,If the brn(J lklj'll

;"u1 the

b&.t

I)lt"("f' 1)1

11r till'

I'II)tl", Il':o-::-.two

thick ..

nt.....f'!o' orlh(' ~alu'f'nJ\(l. tlt,t, "'ix. .J

SI.ARvt;~ Tift-;::-'I)ll. 111l)t..."J\ thi! ~ha'l)'

bus for b<>rinJ,! el-an hoi UH' 0011. iluuh,"'("

...... a I of brad poUlt bit! 0lI the II"",,",' I'IlnI!II\j! in pnce from I.
than <10 fur a ~
of -even to almc"t $.jI) for a ....-,t ofID... \\ 'hat
roIL""':;Uch rlramatie ditr.ren<e in price!
""l'11cre aJ'C' t\\'j I ha!il(, ,llerl !,',na":-- bet\\ (",-r.

I:f\oove '~n', criucal

It eh uld be d.'I'
tlll.11.' JII"Ce~:-o. I \\llrk tIl. the "}lUI"}'. (t'l,r
.,X>Ug!J to hold lhe b I .....u...I~ w ""n the I,.t~\\ lh.ul -pur i , ,'t' t.l\ ht..I{I\\.)
b ock and the bit ~ll'\1o
tl:1mr.oo in a \1..e.
\!JL-n !h<' -iiie 011 Ih, .ur{a<'\' of Ih.
.\ft{'r th~ \ ....n"OIJ\(' L'"alt. bt.'\t_,lthi". nd
bevc "I('ndorth~block. I'ht'l1ultth,"file
or tht" support hl'N.'k \1 I match thr f't>JIC( MJ th(" ..ide L' aJ,!;-tIfl! t till' IMJllt> Iace .,' lhl'
.lnJ.!'!tuhe aJlgl4. II( th~ I.'tlltllll{ tirl on the
pur; ~ e Derail ill f I~ :"t. ;\U\\ ..1(t)k" till'
l'h~aJ) and CXlk'l~ \'t. 1'I'atl ,IIJlnt bit;:>.... (U'~ lnt l, I IIJ{'a.....ur..' this HI)J:ll' with {i ...hvl'
inn...surface nf th,' "'Jur until it'~s;hin~'ulIII
e..Jl'tlulg to Ua\;cll)I':I\et!I,( \\"rlfldemft. ~UI"
ItlnlJ"8ttol'. see ~Ij.!,!!Thvn~(,ttht saw tu Ilat tlj produce a ~llnl'l) l'utlll')!' l,(Ii!'c.
I~)'
Fir:;ti~th,'q\lalilyof 1",IIt<edtomak.
"latch the rPli,( al1~h ,UI<I cut [hi' end (If
~1)tC: Don't ~, It'>>lptitl tIl :iHnd ,lIl'
Ih, bit, Seron<I Ix h4:h<'r quality "",.1
I h" block allh" .. nele, ". Fair, L
( It Iclt' ,,( the- :,1)lJ" This \\ ill rhan)!,(.' tJI~'
IKllntbit- baHt" rutlinlt t!jJUl", \\ hi],. tIx
IU'O(;t and mukt lhl' VU~ c."tIl!t C:IIT!t'
'tell '7 BIT" IlUK " "flrr the block '
<he-..per 0Db lack tIx Jlu", and ",Iy on a <Ill. po.<iti n I~ b,t In ,he \.gnK>\c '" th.
"" rthan thednll d'atn(ler.
daY.",nt !!rindilll:mer.hod 10perfQnn a ~UTU- lIIlj[le 'f Ih., cuttlllJ: hI' Ithe nli~f '" _1<>
....
II.\RPS Tltt: UI- \flt'r lt~\ ...pur IS
Jar lbut 00' 'jUIlt Itooeh function.
h:,rp. th., rutting lip call 1><. ,harr,,'n,,1
ho,'" UI' ";Ih I"" IN'" 1,,1 ,nd ofth~ bl""K.
"\\'hilt, t"""" b:lI'I:Kln10.1.>,lon'l cut '"
t'(' f ill. :~.I Jllr..ltilln t h. flit "'0 the ~urf,'('t
I~\ JtiIL .).>- h(,l,ling th(.' t(UnttlnJ,! '"file:" :<0'1It ..
deanly ll> h""II'lInl >I'"r biL". they.... 1111 IIr tht bt'\'cl i,jll'l " hai" highe.' Ihull Ih., ",tJ,!l' l~ fiat un tht tlo\\'"It,tl ~urfil('(' fir thl'
for :,UpeI1CtY \(1 t\\'~ll'lt.. (ur boring holes in l)lflC'k("0 th(' ~tl)''1,si\'( I,.;~'\Itt in~ th(' bit. nlll l"Ut I illJ:' lip. :>t,t' I~i.: tj. 'J'hi'" ~tl'okl.' tll"
\\'lltlC{ l:-till rl-ruJllll'k\lMIbu~ing ['\\'0 hi~h
NlnC'lin~ thr lOJI flf th,l,lc",k"
"'jifc,-ll,;lck an.) fOl1h. lx'inJ,! \'('1').' cat'tfultcI
'I",illt) >1"'1'bi~(
"diamet.'rl fur
\QR.t\.I.,t\.'tt.t, :\ "" to ,1(1 lh{> sh;tr]lf"J)8\ ,lid rO(.kin,:r. \\'hel) t"t~I'utin! :qarfa<.,,'of
bonn:!' hoIt'1O. for
c
In):: I make d "1ile" b) \\ rdl}pinll ~""~nl
tht 1Jc!.\ cl i....
hln\' at. II flat tfl th'l! l"'{II:!\.. th,'
Ail
n
car
cit:tbra"l\t'
patl)("r
&I'VUIKI

ntHth!! hI' >houhl be AAltrJ' < IlQl,I!h to I"'~

OP(unNG SP([D
IIun glnp of wood, Thu"lnlll' nppM fNIJI ,tUl: l an..ha\"ln~.
Onl't(h<rqu.-.t JtIIK~"UI,rrequ.ntlr\\h,n
1--------------------------------1

.....1
,10"

tl~inJZ'almtJfol An)'idllli ufnlt. HI ,\\. f~"1.!:'hc~I(1

BARGAIN BRAD POINT BITS

il <pin~ Th.n'. no 'Iu ... t,on that heat build

Ull~tlw,n'nl)flr:tIlI)lI\\'I!I\."'Utlingt.ool!'io.~, 1lht.!"IK'todflf 1".'11.\ jl.n Ll' a critjca) faclul~ I~\'l lJlllil recently. tho 01111'.nun:e for brad 1>OIIIt
thr fll~
n"('tJlrull('ll,lj~f m mosl tahlt"8
bi~, ha., been \\,Ot.h, orkin$: ,to"", and mad
Fi'( In C\n"SSl\~.
ord, I' ca~",
:-.'o\\'bra" point bil.> IlI'l'
F or ...umpIe, the n:'olTUlk'Jl<l,.,j 'p,,'(! (nr IlOJIIlthgup m chain hanl ..."", ,(0"" and
R bil III" .. xl .. blloOrpm .... 'Ol'dingto IIx
borne
M" ," ..rlhe~' bit"
down,
chan on the .me of our s.~..,.,."rill 1'"'-,-. nghtcheap.
\\'cU. thnt's riol""I... -I)' h'ilh,
I>WFERE.'T DE.'I(i~ 111.. ba.,C 1I".0n
-"I"Iw. ~JlC<'Cl:I
u:-wlll)' rt'<.'omnlf'nrl "l','
d,ITe",ncc oc't\\el'n bal'j..'1Ilnbil> and .ho
(I)a' U... In 1)1)\\'"., ht)J'itlJ( nlRchi"es." nC<.~n,l~ higher qllality 'I,U" hj~<b thlll the barl(nin
illl.,:'tIl .0\1R1"t',""1l.Nlh ..s l)irl"cl'lr for F lll"f"l'l
biL.lack Ihe ,p",.,.thal con' the ""rirm'l('"
l'ity 'Ji.~
Camp"o): ,fol'."t Cily Tool manu
or Ih" hole. In,ll',<tI. Ihl hI' (In thc hll
fa..1.u.res~l}
bn.-J lJ()illl~IJUrl)it....rflr
ground ..ith ..... mpoulld 11<\,,,1.
tIx, fllI'llllllr<' ""IIL~)
:'pur bit.. an' ground 1'0 t he cuttmg lip L<
"llarini: m:IdIines ~n~
the f,,,,,l r.lt'
perpendicular 10 th" ., - of the b.t, i'('C
Ill'{"\..-"'.;.ely. :'-t.J tllt-- bit i....
11,,-..,,:-. in I't'll' .,,,1Oti FIg, A. BUlOlllh. b"rgllm bit,. thl'cutb"~
:U1Clllllt~n'O\tliK".ll. UUlthe rl"ed rat, in 8
lip i.grotmd "" il ""I"~
UI' from th~ b;<,(' of
tll;)1 J)IT~...(IT JJllJrtullil' (Irill Lt. tmnlLO Milt
tho brad point 10 ff)fln a point Ihn' takes
M. lll(1 ron"t'('l :o.IK'(.'<i
ill the home shop is lh,, the "lace or a
SIUU'lS.t 1)(lti..
...lhlJ. ('th(ln\;~
the bit:.- \\'ill
Al' the bit :'11il}.... th(O)4' IM)inL" elIte!' Lh4-'
bum."
wood to dcline til<' 1)\'rim~t"J: Sut ,I...
'fIko be" J"lky IS to Ignore' lhe chan, ,.f poinb dull \ cry 'luicklr and cau.", a Ion.
rwol~
opl'('ds shov.'TI in mo,;t books ..I"" and _"hall'()f.,gh hol~ ..1Ill,.
or on the side uf th.. drill I"""'" 'l'1lt!)' \\.rt!
Fortunately boo,nmlll b t i.- ~\'en ....... 1'
,k'~1oped(,,1' 1'''"or,(,,1 boring """,hJl'l"., to .harpeD than a bred JIOIIlt '1'111' bit. The
nol "amHlJlt'rAh.l" <ln11p"""'''''''' G.. \\ilh

t(n,,,,,,.

"t

n",

Ihe .Iowe>! ~Jl('o.I.. n ).>ur d.iU press for Ih,

"Jlu,.

_A

are

-1

,llfTlf'l'nt.."t- is 1'.'l~I);\I'n~thl~ )'iulJI>ort bloch

SlI'."C)ttT 81...OCt< .~s hti(Il'\., bt,'J.,rin 1)\
ctJltO\I.;. a \~-i!n''''I\.' OIl one lat.' of ttlt' :-OUt
...
port block.. :\ .. \t, _'II p...,t,."tlor to m,.
"" the relj~1 angk- or th" ""Hill" li~
(~ho" n In ,.IJ.!, !! un .In\1ou .. 113J!~).TIM'n
n~u UI"P lht! ~(,,cllt}tl.llr~ HUJlI... - tb,o nt
rr\lm the ba''''l' IIf thl'l)tlul'~lit\l tIlth" tirl t1f
,h., rullinjr lip, "",. Fi~.H.1"low.
N4I\\ to cut thl' 1.'111'1."1.1,lf.lk. tilt Iht
, .. l,I,, ;003\\ lillil I....U1l)!,1,lit nlhtrh the nh4f
~Ingle.anti *t thl' IllJtl r g.tUJ,!llt" matl"11thl
jl('<{mdary ,.01(1 of III, clIltml( lip, Th(IJ.
IM.kc a rompouncllj('\l
{'tJll n tbe- tncl t,(
the 'UPl'ort bl"ck
.\ft,'r cUltinj!' th(o ,.,ul'.JUne) bt."'t,-J. ))lal't'"
lh(' bit in th~ llit1Ilttc'l1. bl.t:k ~(I th( t\\()
,tllKIt.golllhf' hil nli)!n \\ it h lh<--t \\'0 angll's
'1IIlh, hll",k, Then dUlIlp the bil nnd bl,x'k
in lhl~ \'L'e. !'\O\\ '\ rail t"~f'-grit ..ilieon
c:u'bJde abra...j\ (~J~J't'r .u'UuIKI a ~tril' 'tl
\\ood 10 mako ~ ru~"
and 'Irok .. Illf.' 11,.\

le .. r th.. -rue. baek atxI rorth unltl th.

",.nace of tbv comloou.llI andc i< flat
RGUIt.

1",,1 ",suit.;.
SHA.P(NING

aaAl)POINl
.....Ifl

$(.Ieeting and u,jng hra<! ""int hits i.only

"",t

one .ideofthe c:<!In, '11><,

problem i,ht.\\
to ,harpen them.
111 admit the busln<...... end of" brad point
h.t Ioob compJ~, RUI. It turn> out 10be one
of the e'....ill:>tof all drill b.l> to ~harpen, K <l

eulWOlOltt
MoaAT
COMPOUNDANOl[

'lll'ciaI tools 8I'l! rt<JUil"..t. I illiit use ~t

.ilk'()n earbide abnllOi"oIlllpe.: And, to "".

\VOODSMITH

$UPPORT fRAME

Th, "111C1111r."I)1 ""I)iS

tti rt\\o"'kleJ

t \\ 0 'l1'>t('hl'l' I J~'. rc:{er t

~Ij.!.S Th! i",ln'I'I't llol. (In Iour IPJ!$that nn

(1\ Il"t,nl)l"l1t 1Il)\

h.llfhll")I 'fl i,.ttl t h. ~tth I,:,il..: aM j('ln('(1 \\ 'ith

It thinl !'11'ttl'hl'I' ..\11 frallit part .. ;"ll"l- 111.1.1"
fl"Jl'lo:! b) -1, .. 1\\(W)llu,nlH'r f~t(
Jm~ 2:~1(11"
th,

(11111('11:tun

bl,ltlal'

lKllh l'ttJtt

"(III't"Il\\()(t(I.

slOt.;.t.\11 s 'I~" tn 1C'ol\<il,tnJ\--j"n.I L'lJ<1

"'''''''1111'' "'go'I' U".IIl""tW"f""t10I1~ and lll< I '" [I) al the -hc ...II
I~ 7 ('l'hesc leg>- art'

".1"

nut th ,la<1o< (oe t he I,'<teh,r, on,I1,,!:,.

~1Jl>
tht t" (I ral an In1m-,rmaces (
ea,h, h~r, I found II asior 10CUI all t~
d. (l
un a
l
Ion
Fk'(,In:-

"""''''~I

.!,~"

(cmlthc,;t\\u

d~nu .)
r nun OIIZ( tM chancr

.. t.: J IJ,\IXI....
flf
In.tkl"~ n I tnk. I m~. ured (run') thl'
"h. 3f'- ~'Iulllrth..:!:\s.!"(,'- I tl:.:?,
\\'hl'n 111ark'uJ! th., \\Itlth of t he da(ll)(.'~.
lh, t \\ ,. r(lr t h(llg~ UTt' ,I"'\\ i,It>. t.Ut the l \\'(1

I'P

II.

t\\11

Th., ",I"tTlh
III

MAKEUG$

lh,

uul

rut all (our dafl,)"

tltl.fJ.

I.{)(,rt. tl()I ....... ~,~t.

n ~'nt:--nf

-(1i...
hoi. I.! dnll .. 1 (or Ih.. I i,o' ,tow"b a",1
"II'J)()rt nOlcblt': i'lullO!f.-ll- und -("- :--ho\\ n
In ~'I~ 3 an.: for 1,.'0\ (1o\\t'110 rl.r ltlt...llOi"k
.....tltl1<l .t.~rtrt. f I: I HoI",-a.b,.
11'1(1-r t:" aJ'( f, nn. Int.) notl hl.... to ...uplW)rt t~ ba.k "11<11,'1:...~ ..
A~lIIn, ,\I,", (rom lb. -htad- end c.: th,
1...... 1 1.. 1CX'l1l~t~ I""t on orlh<-"" hoi....

.lm, ."

)(ol.,ilII
g ,
he half ,~ an cut on all fCJur
k-r~)fhldu Ul "ut ill the "head

H1 I
II) (f'II'C;I"~"fttrl'lcht'r(l~l.
til l 1"11.t tl til,' Iolll.lel end" }t,:W (01.
I.Lark th.- 10<'.1111.11(II tht' nxll;h(tlv 11~ \111
t

\\'lIC"l ,hi' fl UI1I'I.,

an- rotl
l-all hll Illnfl, . I1'1') 'I;) f III It

IJt tt lJ~ It os
to n w 1.lttl of

t'lrl'l('lll'l"g are ('ttl 11, equal l.hc.

:1' r"!llli ~'1Pilu(k. (:-;'In~ thf'1!xl
lhl,'kflt~~ ,,( tht' xtock fc)l' lili'
1'I){IIUIl.1 t... I~,
.r'l1llilll, (,'fJtl1l.l{h
~tl'l--'tt l\la~. \(\\..'1' 1".I.'ki,lj! th'UI'I'r.'itil)II'.
r(l)'

uct

'J'he.

""'Joined to
t I Tn make ' ..... the
allAh, cut the half
lh. th
match<"
!at
a1rearly "It m the

'":I
tlra\\

~ I~ ,,'" '.)

~ ,ME IIAU I""'"

..tart n)1'. I nl'(K'(1 JlIS ..I hair l,rr each l..-';:l

10 mak
ure
\\ ,II b. ,tra:~hl """
.are Then later I nl'I)('(1 hi- 2\ ....I cw
t

u'e II ce and square )

l'Ul\1

~UI1 th. llClt"""1 1,1" the I('~. see Iig.7.

c~

Ie, (, I't IlrtJhllt.t. the hult" ,Inl'\. a ~(..mi-circh-

ftGUJlll

CIIOSS SKTfQrI

tlGtrn

all !lJ: tht 1"'....nl HI.'C'fiI"IIOCto lht' m",a...urf'

mt.'flt

J,.'1\ttllt' ~ I~

:to

~I'\t. 1IU1l'kIh ... C'eJlt,'r flf thl. h"ll'~

1'1'1"1',1 t':tc:h l'(l~l' -I. :\\.'1.1,1lllJltl "f- \,'hie-h to,.
111c:ull'il 1
rl'1lln till' ((IJ;:'\.... (.'{' ~'ig:;.
\\'ht'll ~.lIll,t.hl,lttio.11'(' Il)\'111tael. I)("'t_t}}(om
\\'Jth

'.CI(t51
PNOtHOU

SUI
"VOfMOl!

,I;

.9.

fOOl ENDlEG

a ," 'lit
\VOOOSMITH

'Alth a 1 _ racti\1$ on the bottom (.Cthe:(

I~RS Then b.ll,,( the a~l\ hult'. anti l"Uuufl

lh., I))tl~1'( th,,. I,)!,~.~\l8-4).IV,UJl(l thl' btl'

tom corners (If thl ..(,..,\ fllo4l" h::L!:o. (( ') to.\
r.utiuJo.,see f I~.;
~\,\K.:nl.' ~.tt~
It Itll{'" The onl~WillI;
I. n 10elo on II" IPport (rnme C' !AI mak~
the -tretehc ... thaI h Id the frame 10
.....th.T. R,p ~4 stoc
" de Tlk n eut tbe
1\\0 fr am.. qrcl<h~ rs II I'
long. and
~'\Itth. tt>g ~I"'\_\('tll
r (t ) J J
long.

.....

~OfS1OCl'
--U'

...-

"

6.5",

fiNAL ASStMILY
\ftlPr allthl' p=:u1..ol br't ('tIl to:-tt.e~ th.- (r:l1nt
....n be ..."",mhk-d. I I> .1 q "") ann hne

.. to es-c mble- iL

'1TA('11 U(.' ,.Iart b) aUadnn,

Ih.
IeIlS 10the raib " Ih I.oiu ancl:-; o, ' , I

I' ~ rew-, t,Mlnteno: Ilkin}r the heads,

I I. t.ul R in ~11:. "'.
AnAtH

I\tl,,_

"j

trt'tt'ht". ~:,J(, antll!OCn:'''them in J'!act

ond P Uj! tht ho. ..... l)(>taiI A in Flj! ,

"""II'

5o(1..a .. IOIt ortIdI.S

;r

\SJ

t I

.....-

p>p,.,

----

STRf:1('II.: It."'-(It.fore 3tl::ll'}'lf'g

,ht. thrve l::ilr,tcJuln_t. l'CJuntl over nil (tlgt

IIf 111\'rails and Il'~S \\ it h 11 .... rtNlflflo1l,"j'r
lut. Then drill counterbore ht)I('~f"l tt"

,....
'f'Pt'I'
"/J'

..._

'S';'

30'.

_.

,t

! ,I>

'--::)

.....

)4'.

AU. MlASUlfMlNJS

'0 tlHfEI 01 HOUS

HGUIf

I,

tlQICH

."""

fRONT

.'

Dfi'\ll
lNOTC'H(Sf I)

nGUaf.

,
I, .- - -

..

I
l

t ..

HOII

11

,..,
,I

',',
mt.~'

..
::o:J
..

DTAllA
STIflCHlH
1 ....r..c.

-..

S,"lotH

'!' LtG STIITCH~

.'

sr.(TCH(1II
lOOt "'"

- -, -.. ~.

... ..

..

'SHANt<
MOIl

L.J

. '."DE'

/
,

'j='

,'

" MOIl

..
L

.....

llG STltTCHf.

....... ....,

U~

... 11:.~

llEAD EtjQ LlG

\VOOOSMITIi

FlGUIlf'

t
'2.,....

-r...,

..

ar-,
=

t: SlATS

~1.wJMOf2'NEHIlO

L?

... """ ....

~ '11,.,-

::.

2
.,.....
r: )-,,T

\.,

"
.' .
..,
~.

.. ~

"";

RW2a6 MAJVtW. WtO

fIGURE 10

r'

___ " ,,,~ 3

I'

.
,~-

ROUND OVER fOf' EDGtS

WITH "oPIOUNDOVfR lit

...
-,...
.....
,
..
, I ~

-!!. SEAT

) . r 3'. --I "'-

i-o
I

;-

r"ONCEHTRS

.~.
;

-1

..... ,...., .

,._J' ~'-'-'
i
+

..,

l'

1$

ti)8ACKR5T

1......

~~

5R flGURf 12,fOR DftAltS--

_r

,...

""",-.'0

'{fij.~)f
..

..,.

',,'
- If

"

,.,
.i

i"

~"
j;ll

..

II

avn UGlEST~D,
SEAl TOGfTHiR

"00

n
./ r ~

OltOC>vt ONlY

SEAY"'"

C,\::Ji

6
I 4

SID( JAIL

,,/

- -

6'::: .@m;:.::'f":::'~
i

UG tEST/

HOUS IN OUTSlOl

DADO ......

1 ,!,-

........
o,~

e<;

COUNTERS.NK SHANK

~~-

f1GUU12

twIST
8!t

'EN<:'

_1.

''-

.. II

the shank holt's (or the

r ..

fKrull II

PRE-DRILLHOLES. Next. I pre-drilled

.....

+$1..+

..!

CIKlSS SEOlON

1J'

The ~lat...~
are joil\(I(1 to lhl'l->t-' ~t..""t)( rail...
(G. H.1l to form the II!!!'rest, seat, and hack
rest . To make the.., rails, bt~n b;' rippill)!
2xl stock to a width lOr2'1., ,;('(,("",-",
St!'t.1.i,}nin Fig. 10. Then cut the six mil::. to
final length as shown in Fill_ 10.

21")~

......0ID.1 A a. ' fHltOUOH VtAH,.

HOtI At AU MA1tIClO fIOtN1l

I ..

b
:

;;

:~

<!> @

' 11m

THE RAILS

--

"-

"~

I ~

" I,:,

":

'.

HOlE

.,...,.. "

".

aowa

-.

-G'- lEGRm .,
~

SHAN'

ALl SHANK HOc.lS

_. ..
...

'."'4

",.

NOTE,

'. "\fO.

~
....

......:-......
.

'-7

,,,'
t
~~;
...
t "" ,

ct.;-,, .

..y

'!'t'1HlCkNW

1" .

RS,AWTQ

TWO 2:' .' WIOlt1S

,.;

--

After the support 1I'lU1l~is complete. the

three-IlW1.loonmnJ{platform ron be assembled. There are a~tu(lllythree frames - the
back ,"CSt. the seat. and the ley .-.,;t.
not much 10th(';<eCrnm,'"isjusr aseries of' V,-thick slats held tllJtelher
with two outside rails, l~rCI'to FiX. 1~.
SJ.ATS. To make the Il-, thick ~laL..... I
1"'P.AA\\~tXI2x6 material <10\\"J1to size, First.
rip the 2x6 into two pieces 2', wide. see
SteJ) 1in Pig. ~. Then turn these pieces on
c..-dJ{(.' to re.....a\,. thenl to a lhieknt\~sof v ''.
see Sll!p 2. l You neecl 23 slats in all, but I
made R fe\\' extrajust in case.j
:\1)\" cut the ~Ial!" tIl it length of 2l ,
(Thi< should equal the oUL<!i,le
width of the
assembled <upport frame. plus 1v.. Ior the
Y.1" ~roo\'(>~~in the frame l'1lilt' and t ..
ell'ar''''I:C.1 And Iin~II): roundover the tv"
e(lge~ (in all :<.lalswith a I ," round-over bit.

T!K,>'' 's

,"",Ot

THE LOUNGING PLATfORM

om:
IIOUNOOVl.
an ON (DC'JU.

j
(j)
8ACI( ....

llJ

'f'{I

:\CI"e\\'S

used to

mount the slats to th~ rails. On each ";111

start by marking the fir>:t hole 3',," from
1)11("end Qf the rail and centered YI" down
Irom Ih~ top edge.
'nwn nlark orr hoi." every ;j" 810ng the
rail, ",~. Fij(. Ill. An~r thl' posuioos of the
h(,I., .rv marked, Ihill
.hnnk holes all
tht "J'~thf't.u~h all,u:hpoint.
'.'('K)\'.'s" Nl_~l.I ent I:~,v;cle grooves
f,I, lHlth Irl('8 (I( thl' rails, (The inside

,.

~rUoCl\" \.. W-~'1'1

t(' held the slnts in place. and
t ht.:l,uUicl. IO"'JIC.Vl i.....;, way to recess aJl thc'
l'(''''''\\ h"1Ifl!C. )

-wide zrooves 'ilt" dec'p 011

"(llh 1,1(...of thl." rails 50 they're Cenlef'{'rl
'''''r Ihe .hank h~lcs."cc Stc~ 1 in Fil(. II.
'I }"'II Ust' U .' l\\"lst bit to (..''()unte~inkthe
hul(.:o-III tht! (,ut~ide gToo,'e, see !-)tep 2.
O'I\'C)T HOl.ES.Th_
nlil" aJ>o have
till, h,.1 forth~ rlo,,e!. that lil ill Ihe pi\'ot
m,ll.,. nnd nolches in the support fr"me.
n'('" lo fig. 12. The uick to gelling lhe
l""'-ci.'~10000tion
orlhe,. holes bto I""'lially
a.'....
""l'mbl(_the plalfonns an.lllse the hult-s in
lh(a ",icle rniJs as a guicle.
Il~n by drilling 8 't'..dia. hole r decl'
011 the in."id~fnce Ht the end ur lh. ,'aiL< uf
lhe :;eat (M) and the back re<t (l1.!'e(' Fig-_
HI. (Thc6C holes are Ihe ones lhal l'Orre.""nd ,,;Ih pivot hole; d alld C Oil Ihe
:<upporl rails. refer to 'ig. 12.)
('\Itthl~

Theil in orc1Pl' to locale the other t \\'0

~

hule.; (that eorre;>p<>nd with holc$ "r and

,(l. ';-OUha\'e to l)8rliall)' a.'" .. mbl~ lh..
platrorm.~.I~n \\\'0 ~lal-Sbet\\'ccn lh~
ends or each I,airofrails and put
dowel.

I,

WOODSMITH

hole, aln-ad) .hit1

:-':0" pl.<'t' th" platforms o'er Ihl l!1le
"'11& witb the 10\\'1.'1
... ill hf1lt~
nci "e".
IIUII Ih, ,nd. of lh, ".~ rv I "1111.cal
lClgttl,lrand mark the- l'I(,.tllun ll,, hnl~
thut ('r)I'Y('t"pon<is with n(lt~'h "'tr", Then
mark lht' hole in W hac.k n.~tthut corre:jj)CltK!jI;with noteh "c"
\\1>," the;,,' hoi,, an 1..."",,1. drill ...
(i13 hol(1l; t rl('("ll at t~dli K'2ltf n
ROt"'0 F."OGE..... Then naurnllht I ncl'"at a
rarl.IL'. ""'. :-;tCI':! In hI! II. And ruund
all the ed_ with a round
r bit. "'"
:-;1<'1' 8 In hI'. II and I Ig 13.
In IhtI,."

-1'- ..
I,r

. .......3

DII.1_..' HOlt 1 t:JIfU

ItOUNDOVII

OHAUlDGIS
AHOCOI~(IJ,

""COOHIIS

OJ"

..

__

...

._.

.6-".2

..

...

.........

2:

ASStMaLT

.\ ..........
'n.',"

litlI. tn"k, t.,.,\1 ,~VCMjwant

to R'('t thl' I'f':U.lf)~or lhf" ,,1ats .,','\111. :l1,,1

th(_rt..a,.,'
In,'nt,_.. (tl,'

I":t

31110 Mll1t.' Slk't'IOtJ "'1J(t.f.'IUJ,:t\"tJ\IJ"~'lIlt CKll.hlt (Ii):.t!" ut tN,t h 4,.ncll" (If aU

11\1'(,"I3I(o'n' ... ,.....,FIg II

I.)'(,II .ST I tart4.1(1at ~'nl'll~
wuh the

leg I'( I 1'1Ac<!.x fbts l>< I" ,'<'IIthe l"Bil.

rulll I...... I <lamp W nul, ol:1'll1>lIhe"",I,
or the "'"
'I;0,," tap tho t,,,"""'IIo"I. ,)aI,
tnto final "'" lion.
At th(' "QC'I"lth the (111\\(ot hl,it- (\\'hK"h 1:t hi' ..(, lOt ('nel of lhl leg I"\':-t), ~J).'("('t h., slat
:.! ll'l til th, "11'1. 10('J\ at th .. .,lllt, t'I)(1
}\It.llt"
the ..l.It ;r,. (l'Om thp p",I. Nt)\\ jt'~
ju:-t H Illattlr elf jQJ!lrin~the four i'Itl'I;Oi'
Int to J:t I thr-m evenly "'1)1'1('("(1- atW}\ll
."It;lrt
.... \1 11w SiJ'I1e basie VI'lK't"'llul" i..(01..
, ..f n lhe
~Iy r1rnp fivt"lats
1)(:t\\ t ., the nu ... 'nk-n 3ftJUiot thl' one at
Ih, "(unl" Ind lth, ,,11<1Illal hun, up
8.:'dlnittht k'1:n~"'tJ...oit .... r"'lmtht\'ncl
'(Ih, ralls '\llIladju,1 u,."lalallh"ulh,r
,nelube er141 with the dowel hoi,) 84" it' .. 2

r ,

..I

....

.. ...
o

"''''I.

f, .m the ,,",1.
liAC. k k. SI

The hack

1"E'~tU!oIt',. It...I;l~.

Tnt "ilil III1ht "ntl orthe rail with th, pivol

,1"\\.,, hlllt ttht! ~Jl0 that ~O('~Ilj.!llin ..t the

z- ("1m

1'1 .&\) 11'1 118(,,{'(1

t.hp ~IHI

.\1 1he ulh<-r end It he "hc"d" t'ntl or the

ct~JdM').lh. ,Ial 1.... not inset &I on ltll the
f)thtf!. Imtead. I pesiucned it ,61 It proJ''("U
frolll the ends or tbc nlll, and
round,..! th< e"Joo>.<e<l<t>ml'TS.see ~ Ig. II
11I.0T 1I0tt:<>. \\1aen the "1,,1. an each
III :olCmbt)An"

ctamp..-nlo

fin:lIIH):-<lll4lll. u._'(,

2 '-..._.;...

RGOIt I.

- t11t lCI cltill pill)l hc)l('~fc\r lh,' "("I'l'\\ "'.

'1\-.\' lCI l'i'lll('r the bit:ooin lh t'-hunk hClI(>~
Itlltl ,hill ,d,.ppillll hole. SCI' SII'" 2 ill
..

Il~.15. Th~n >'CrewNo.8,

"l're'\:o> ill

"'uch hole,

1'1, ~'h

SlA'

I",..,

JO" HE,,.,..'\.''D st:AT \\'h~lllhc llg 1~.1

and ... ,,1 are 8.<"""'hl'.... Ih,'~' atv hJl,~.. 1

l.~.rt'1.lwr\\'jLh a 3" ...-tral' hin~ .IIt"f' .'1,,:'. It).
to" a:r ,trap bin", ~a<hleaf IS awnll:-

r.,ra tl,l1 0(1)' \\hen o~)

1 mount~ thi... hingt> -UJ~I(lc ,11.\\n" on
th, butlom edges of tb, rail. - "" Ihe

.......

10"""

knuckle '" !!Ct into the- .rack. ""~ C""""

~.tiQn in ~'ig. 16. Thi$ pUIS Ihe Munter
"Ink. un the wrongsidc. "" I u'('d p.nhearl

...,Rm

to mount th~hinft'~.

S('.,\~"':O

WOODSMITH

ASS(MBlE THE CHAISE

..\itf'r thl J,bl((lnn...\\, n ., ....mt,IM .. I

muunl,od Ih. m I<> Ih,' Frame" ",., Iir.<l <wp
....n is inou. 1011Ih. I"",t pins ror the back
""'I anrI..-at
PI\'OT Ill'S 'l'h I'I\,nt 1)11lS are ...-dia.
dowels, ~~Inn"" thlll,l&"::. through the ~itl...
nuts anci Into tht "tfl')llf"(l h()le~ in the

........

_It

AGU.,

plntform rail~. "4'1'~IJt. 17

Art,, in,,rt"'~the",' I'i"", I

>;('<.'UI"('(j

them (to pn-vent thum rl'(.lln t \,ifltinj.! out)

""Ilh No.8 x IVt screw, ~('C',,'jg. ts.
AllJt STM.~"'Tf'IN:;. Nt.'"l, t installed the
t IjllJllnll"nt T,intl that fit into lh(\ twoI"" lion n.. trh,'l! If, II) 10 ... nln,1 th~ anl:l~
oftht k"J! I"M't, ";'1.' .I~.1~1
tllA\ll '1.An. \\ hen tht:'~t' J1ln... were in
I lMt:llJC'd the t\'of' n-mainirlJ! slat z-,

r.!'-t"r.

h .... .tatll .... r.. t~...'<l direct I" to th e

between tht> ""at ""t ~I back
n ,-~.It
20
Ik'n bv trlmnunl:' th.. ,.)at. to lenzth to
tht> d tanee between the "'It.id~
I

...

d:!

oowa

.1.le rail" :\ext, drill and

lUnl
nil
.h'lllkh"I., centered ,.
(rom tlk .... 1 "rlh, .Iats.
c

I'NOTI'IN

t 20

ftG

or "'"

~~ I' S'lt( \\ til n mountina these- slats.

tN'
"llll{'(' between them
1",,11M lot '" th., ",'l "mileit' I~-t,..,.,
1. t "lit. h~ :101III I .y~hallthe spaces

'''SttN 'WnW

,hi'l "'"I&',

"1.I.fh
wooosc;OfW

te' 'llAk,

th, \ (I J'I'I)l"f,si(natel~' equal,

I hi r, IIt'n \\ tiM' IntJ, in l,hICt'.
II

IlACK .'ST SUPPORT

\ ft.... lIMo

..

, "-

, c:-

IWl

"

...
...

_,-""'"

"""""'

...oTOtNCIIU to

......

ClHTlllO.
H(IOHl
AONSTM(N1

10

..

..,._ 1 ....

SU~

At

CUT

0400$

,.' .

17' ...

-Q)

'"

"""""'

~RE$J
15''-

AGUO(n

oown

.......,.,

.'J' O(l'

..

--

.....,DOWB

'1,....

t nnd I.~ I'laUOf1llS werv

"""""t.<od. I """" tho .....,mblY lhat >uppo"'lIMo ,......
Thls .-mbly k a <nnple
fr'attwlhat abtlJlI\won I --d13... c.IO\\-eL~.
,IT1'1'" t\ 1,) "". Ir.e~ h~'
n,Jping '"2
b
III<> 1
Then. rut the two

.., ..,,

.L

''''
,

up",

"

"'I "'I"""'
) to a k-nl:!h

or

Jr. see

, t , \1.' .... fht"M_' t"t) uprt2hL'" ;U'\"

J n. I .. Ih 110\0 ""I (KIt",.t fit II1to \I
rl''''I. ,tDfI...'. ,out on th(" in~irl(',:; elf the up-

n,,'tl1 I ''''1111" tht ..c dadoes 21".l.- from both

,",1 of t lu- UllnR'ht~. r-l'C fig. 21.

"I"

, 1
~

u,,,,

I I: !I

I~

rt

UII" ~, 1I0t.t;S To complete the

ru hi . hill ,<li" holes III both ends. To
,." ,Itl' llh .....
lu)it .... lil"l'ot tlntl hol("J'l " (rom

.i~.

"

_,J

tlw lo.", n<tSt ",.'e

21.
Tlwn tn ~. t lh" 1<IC'81inn (lr the bottom
bok , m.. rt a do",,1 in the lop hole anrI
pia"" "'" ul'nglll alonl{'.dc the "ide rail,
tA , ..,., fIg, ~ Wilh the doweJ in ""teh
"c, mark th~ """ tkm or the other hole In
lin!

",th noldl
".'
When It", Ul'n"'ht.i' ..... rompi"t'"

..... ,1.....

rut th. ra!)~ IK) tn final length ,.., th<'

&UPPQn fram.. fibl beot\\ lOt'" thl" main ~;(I~
n,,1s (AI or th" "hal"'. "'''' ~il\'.Zl. Then
Itlueanti ""n'" th. rran", l"Itt'lher.
''''frAU. OO".I,l<

Th, """""rt

fl-am~L,

mount(:'(1 lo tht' t:h;tls(J \\'llh two pain:: of

pi"ot <1"".1 '1111' uPI>crp:tir or dowel"leI"
the .',.mbly 1''''01 on the back "''' rails.
>N' Fil(. :!:l. TIl<'I""~r pair or dowels fit!'

WOODSM1TH

into the height :ljll,,101C'nt notehe- I 1.1

"Iulled the <to\\'~l' in til,> lower h..l"> 1,... 1

_ ..
IACKtrSl

Pres. the ~"dia. by :1',1011)(tlowc]JI imo

Ihl' hQle. in Ih~ O"I'purt frtum- until Ih,'
(ncf...arvOu:-:h\\iththt
in ..j,t"'Cl(tht: fram.
fh(n..:.e<'Ur('thlm"tth~o :101." I ..IitT\~\\s
:\,'1. Ul.'(!J'\the 101'IJI\ I do....e1s through
I he h .Ie.< in the UPi><r 1<U'tof the ,uppon
;<-I!< mbly and snto Ih, hoI
In lhe wk I'\' I
ruil
-\1$:(1. secure the e (10\\*,1",\\ith
krr\

YJew

ASSEM8lQ

lEG ....

,:;from tht!If.tt')f11
tNSTAlllHf WHflS

.\llru-I.,,"tth.'<lllIll I \lrtuall)compl{'l,
All that"~.f\
ISUl.t:~ Ill:Ut." "cd-. \\,1><,1.
ran be purd>:t.....t 10(,1ow. ehaise at """ I

""""''''''
"""'"
"\\11. "'(.It" ~
12-

IdcO<l<><t 10 makt> m)
"('I~ madt:. th ..~n~

th~ \\ h(
nlOUnt('(l t.,thalh.,lM' WIth.nn R~tpa"~'mbl)~
TIlIll a.w_mlll~'('1I'u!LSts nf II 1"dowel rot, (Ill
uxh- ;UMt H tall(r,..1 1'111 l.J hold the \\')\111 In
f,1.lt'\' llul. tu kt_'(_'P
tht" heel from ru"hlnK
"'J. t 1.. ",:ttl", I O'UIItl spacer \\--aslk~(t'l)II'
l<1n" r<d MIllOIUt<
""'C'fR v."S".R!'\.
To make t hrwas ""'" (,"ll:ltk th. ~"'",nit(10a I,h,
\\ ."10<,,,1' Tit< nrlnU theaxle h..le-,with a
I J J"lItnt.'.T bit oe ti~.
2;.
~,'tt' 1'0nttkt' 11",lltl":the center cf tbv
('nt"e'

"I lI'r III lhl- f,fXl Mll'p. bore intn th(l

1)1)"\\4"JIIIJut 1.'IH)U)th 8" lJ,,~centerpoint fir
t I ~ Ii oJ"lrtt_'r tilt I('"a\"~an im,)r.:~...Ion.
Sf" to rot tbe w &hf't' tf' ..ize, I u."l"'Cl !I
hut, "', 0<'" Fig ~j,(The mark Id\ b~
> ee Ier po nt hel"",1 me eenter the btt He
II>< h.,
"')
" PI'~ ;\1I1U',1 the washvr-, anll
h"t.

_Of<

....

t'

'.-oowaffN
0II.l" u"

....HOIL

1"' 3.78

1~'1l31a'.

o Hood &01""

1~
3a'.

.... S'dw("
f -(23)
G ..." ...... ;'.(2)
H s...tRo'b(2)
Iodt ... , to.a. (2)
J Iod.SuppootU ....... '
k Iod. 5uppod.od

1',x3'7',

~ .s.lt.l1

121

1' 311Vi

_SidM

0()W(1

"""

~. INROM
INDOf.ni

MATlRIAL5 LIST

S.... ct...(2)
C ,_
&01lop (2)

1001"'"
lEG

IOl'HHJI$

"hi 1,1 to th ....a~IL""(1 hold then) on with

:lxl,' )lIllS Inatlt 1,\11(,( ~~. dowels, ~('(' ~~i~.
:!i ('I',IJM:'r the M.xhl J,illf' ~o the)' ran )l('
tall,.ll!('run Iy imo ,,1,..)
t-"Ilil.
~'nal1J. If) f,:'t\ a smooth, ;-o.;.1tin
Ii
t}toM ad<L prot.t-tuon (or outtic.,1' U:W.
I IPI ('(I mJ 0"11 nu~tuno( tun~"illlflCl
spar I1U$h (deKl'lhed on pal!C 15.1

A s;de Ioih (2)

1X11NI>S

, Ill""" _',

CUTTING OIAGRAM

2" -.77"

I-----':-----r--.....;..
H

,.2.%-2'''',
'~ ... 2.,..,19){.
1"', II: 2.'". 16....
1~.x2J':"3l
""xl'It'4

= .72'(IWO-.'I.j:===~===r~::~====1
=
-I -;;---f
: '3
f~

1 ... ,'".1$'.

::

r~~r~
..~'-------------------A~----:.

e::

:,t

: _'Z::

::

AlSO~
'\I.6H1S(2)
~ DOWEl
1

oown

'I. DOWEl
\VOODSMITH

3Cr Jl ",.'''NEEDED
30"

6'

II

Make Your
\llhoul(1. you cnn buy metal or
pl.,'I,. lawnmhwc,') wheels at
F11QlC.l
hanl\\at"( ~lort>$ ltutl will
\I "r\( on Ih~ <1",'$", wy'", u<ually
1,t'I'lt\' IIt.lll. fk.!-i(lts. I \\'AAL(.I(' l')
make IItiJlf._(Jut Ofl"l-d\\'IXI(I.
'I"" wheel itself ,"'I1.";.t.. of two
,1,<1;.,with rabbets on the inner
I"'rim,'u'''''. ""'" Vi!!, I, \\'hen the
(\\C, (Ii~k!'oo
31""e~\\'{'(I

AGUIIll

IWUTFO.
Y.lEU

'''''''

"
......

.........

tt.~thcr.

Then (lecr('1L~elh~ tliRnlet.c ..r until

the Y-belt fits litlhtly around Ih('

.1 ..1', ""

r.

't

II

th(" tramlll('1 point,

eleckwise riil""lion until the circle

(wheel) i.cvmpl~tl',
\\'HI-:EL RAR6E'C N~xt. $\\'itci'l
to a
~lI'aight bit to out a ; ,,'deep rabbet arouJlCl the perimeLeY of each disk. m'e Fig, --1. Begin
by l'lllting lhis r"lIl....t to width so
it's a liltll' larzer
,.. than the inner
diameter of the Y-b~lt lir~,"

,At.

It.. f""1lI! rabbets form a groove 1:<>

-"
h"ld" \:hclt "tire,'
I u>1 n ~
reuier with "
)0' YflU
11'1Urlnl{'1point attachment (n HT
OUt'SIDE
~17!. - caUefl 8 "multi-purpose
'Act
router llUid~- in the 1(>&",
i'i(; Power L
and Hnnc:IT(M)li'.SPN'iak~)
tt) rnut llw rahbt\
CES'tR 1)1"'. "'1 1" 1II',n' III 1\'111'(' "n
(fir thl! lin: timl t.ht'c!etOl1ltiv(' I)nafilp.sen till' thc jig. ')I;V(" ,Ifflllfint ...h lUlll )It" 1114.:
tt! nter
f-utsitlC! (at\: o(t.htt wheel,
of the Jig, :Ulfl out It ufT
lnah Nlr\\ I hi t.,
thl.' tramrru-l 1)"llit h'lt. II tllr 'I" r"
MAKE JIGS
workpk-o-) over thi filii, ,','
To hokl the square workpieees seeurely
HOLOL~G"'{,\I) ... r., "1'1'1) tl.. squ I',
while rootu,!! the rabbets un<IIII1lfil.>. make rrulllmO\IIlj.!. tcllt,\, (I url tn.lrI ltlf'Otllottl
f"ur huklinj! jig>; - one for each (If the four the ~"!ltloll' 1,1ttlt I~
ttu) 111"41)1,1,.'
th",k~,1~'O'11'jljr!$a)"()
~IPfl sQ,luplit-.lteCllt!'- about '-lilt, .. thil \\III'kptt'\1
can be made withnut "'-,nl!inj! the router
ROUTING
""uinl(,) Each hol"in!! jig is a scrap of .
Ill~""'HJ(1(a....1.ened t/, a 2......4 :0.0 11 carl he hclll Ul :\0\\ tlu. ~tU:t.n...t:lIlll,. ..... '\(..,111tf~11I
k .. i..~,see l-'ig, 24
us('''l) thl' tl"1.UII",I1.. tta turn'l.l .uKI :t
PHt:;PARE WORKPII:':Ct:S, TtR\\"rkpil'ct'~
s.tl"8U!hll'll tn t'flul tl,. ,1Il1e 't' .'11o!
~loitrt(JUla:;. 11"sqUID'e:, (jf"l h~' rec1\\'uc.H1. &l tll('ll1\UlffK,1ult,u'hnlCnl to mit
tl
~;;"h ''Iuan: hI!>a '/,,' hQl~throu~h the e11'Clr' (I t.... t'atlill~1 rill c.'1k'~aIhM4 IIIMI ... ,ut
l.'lnt{')' (.",

eel
'I.

sen..

disk in the rabbet.

eOCf! PROPlt.t:, After the rubbt t iF! tot on all f()llr disks, J'I")'
them up, Ilipthern over, and press
.-.I them back en the brads, Theil cut
tht ,,. nllu'lt'rcuntourun
HII Iour disk '''''ith
.1. n,ulu.l*ovcr bit. ~e fig.=).
11(ll I t(""t.~ss.l"inaJly. a recess is l"Oulecl
jta t b littl,' flt...per than v." on only l\YU
III k
t ,naJ.., thv out-ide fa('(! or the
\\t"C: 1 Thl;.;t'l"lllirt.,~u..~in~moobits: a lti
~I\CI't.ll line':,
'_lrai~t bit, sec Fig. 5.
:o;hllll!'ot. ,\'h4.')lttu..s recess is reuted the
liN.t hilI. 1\'0 ll) the Iu";ttj J)C)inl~that held
ttll
ttlt

\\1,r"l,u-.:t

.trl' rl'I'"'\'t~I.)

"........
"I.'\'
'r I" ~mblt."the \'o'heel~. J)ut
llel!
tl .." ntbbct on an in$ide
\

C)\

4'r

el, k ..... f>~ Ii Th"II. make ~"'rcthe jtnIin

111th. r"t,n,lr.' ,ti"k." I~ at l;~ht angles an<1
l t tnt h'III.tks tl'~"lhl!r\\'itb gl\le Ul)d :-.Jo,
s ,I .... ", \I FilllClly, nrill A 1",diM,hol~
fUI"

thl 1I,,1t.

....un.

WEElJI

"

..

ftGUilS

--

,,''---

---3'.'---

9''1 OIAMfTEJ1'-__

.'

>
SfRAtGHl

BIT

lY."

~fAC

"..."

t
JIG

12

ClNtU"N

COdA"'S" NAJO.I

... 'h

P_'

,'IJIAD

IHSlDt

fA""
WOODSMITH

Outdoor Woods

THE BEST WOODS FOR OUTDOOR PROJECTS

"

Redwood is u.ually lhe fir<t thoiC<!for OUldoor furniture since it's got everythinggomg
(or il: natural resistance 10 rlccay. dimenNional.tabilit~\ and beauty But ir. 110talone
in these cbaraeterisucs.
DCAY RESISTANCE

The U.S. Forest Prcduet Laboratory's

'\\'ood Handbookt lists twenty-one domestic
woods alld twenty-three imported wood. as
"~i"tant or very re....j!'ltant to heartwood

decay, The li.."l include> cedar. black cllertj',

black 100000t,white oak. redwood, black walnUL, genuine mahognny, and teak,
\\'h:l!', important here is that the weeds
on the list tIl't' resistant to hMrl,,'OIXl dcea,,,
Heanwood is the eentralcore ofn u-ee-the
part thal"_n'toontainU,1ngloclb.
And the
heartwood L< the m""t decay resistant Sinl't'
it's the on1~'part. lhal contains extractives.
EXTRA("l\~ES.So what's an extractive?
They're substances that make up ;, to :j()'k
o(lhe wood, bUl arc nOIa part of'the wood's
cellular structure, They might include
tannic acid s, oils. fats, gums, starches, and
phenolics. Extractives adrJlo Ihcgt",ns,,'th.
odor, color, and insect and decay resistance
0(\\'00(1, Some woods contain high amounts
ui mere toxic extractives in their heart\\'000 and an: natur.ill~re~i~tan1.to de-ca)'.
The toxic extt'8ctive$ bloek thc celll'a,ities
and slow down the passo!!1?of air and water
nee<!",1 fOI' fungi to grow, The~' also kiU off
wood-<lcteri<Jntling Orgllll;';rm;. And with
out th~ fungi or those orgam<ms, lhere'" no

deca~:
COl.OR AND OIL. Extractive.

u$ualh'.
though not always, make lhe heartwoOd
darker in color tn.n the sapwood (tbe oUler
part of the tree) and give the distinct.
tle><irable color 1.0 walnut, chelT)\ redwuorl.
and mahognny.
Some of the cxtractiv!>S - such .s the
oils in cedar, teak. and rosewood - don't
add any color. but scrve lO rep"l water. Yet
at the same time Ih= oily extrtlctiyes enn
I~.d
to gluing problerm;, see page I~.
REOWOOO

Probably the m",,'!contmon wood ...<sociatt'<i

"ith outdoor Cumitw't' it; redwood. 1\\'enl)"
five year. ago red",,,,,,,
rt:adily available
Md in(..xpcn~i,e.But ~ince it grG\\"S 0111)'on
the coast oC Califonlia and large Co,....ts have
oc'<lnr.JC('ntly proteCled by the government,
the amounl available Cor l'Ulting has been
severely limited. This has made Ihe price
in<:re_. e-pecialJy when you add lnlnspo'"
tation co.U! to other parts orthe country.
Redwood L<soil and easy 1.0 work aJ
though il I~nds 10''Plinter. 11le heartwood i:;

w""

beautiful red-brown color and the sapwood

isa creamy white. BUI most important, the
heartwood i~
deeay ~istant nJld more dimelilsionally "wble than most wood,... (Note:
See information on redwood standards and
gradingo. P"!!1?2:1.)

OAK

\Vh.~t about oak? It was oliginally use>d by

coopers w make casks, barrels, and tubs,
How doe;; it work for outdoor furniture?
11l3t depends on which oak ~'lIu're mingo
The hIrg~pores QC red oak are open (you can
CEDAR
even blow Ihl'Ough the end grain of 8 thin
Another wood used for outdoor project" is sample) so it will soak up preservatives. but
cedar. There arc a number ofdilT.""nt cedar it'~ not naturally very water t'e:;.i:nant.. 'rhe
species, The heartwood o( aU of them i. couJlC'" used whit~ oak,
\\'hile oak's pore; (and to a tesser extent
decay resistant and fah-Iy dimensionally
stabte. Eastern red Ct'<l'1I" is the m,,,,t 3J"O- ash. hickor y, Hn,1 black 10Ct"'1)are plugged
matic and lI$lIl~ly used ror cedar eh.. 1.., "ith in~"I'''wth...called tyloses, Under a hand
ctt)$CUiand posts. Its numerous knut.., m.Ak( len.<or microseope it lookg a little lilt., the
it difficuJtLO work ond und es irable COl' most
~"thy head on a beer, (Note: 011('way to toll
furniture (except lining chests).
the dilTerence between white oak and red
Ince~al'
and \\'estel'n n.~1cedar arc oak is to look Cor the pluggt.'()eells on Uw end
both ollen conftwed with redwood since grain.) It'. the tylO8('s thaI make white oak
mere water resistant than red oak.
their heartwood ;,; reddish-brown. But the
Then th"""; the question ofshl,nkingand
00101'of th_ cedars is a little lighter and
Nwelling. 11"" cooper wanted hL. barrels 10
lh~' have a di.stinetiv~ odor.
Both oi these cedars are soli and ~Y tu swell shut when filled with liquid, and white
work but fairly weak in .trcngth and shock
oak 1'CaIlyexpands when wet. BUI swelling
resistance, Ineense-eedar i~
ccnunonlv used and shrinking of ouldoor furniture can lead
for pencil,. and western red cedar is seen
W "'aJ'I,ing and clleeking.
most on-en as ~hinj(lC'SDn(1exterior sieling.
PllfSSURE.TREATED WOOD
11wy're both used fOI' fence posts and poles,
more for their decay resistance than their Thel"" one other kind of wood to coll.<idcl"
p,..."sure-tre.ted
wood (somelime" cillied
strength.
Outdoor Wood or CC A1. Pl'e:;>ul't' treatment
TEAK
in,-ol,'es ~tw'Rling ,,'000 tof a \,{lnclY of
1'he g;."I-d~n~1\Ch in lhh- i~1Je j:, :-;imilar 1.(1 >'l"'cie~) with watelburne copper ..aILS
those ma<i('in EnWand of solid teak. Thak is WIdeI' eXII'(:mely high pressure. Pressurea decay l~l:!\alll. >table wood that feels ~ treated wood i. readily "vailnble since it'<
USl~1for l""Ii'lI'UcliQn work.
tittle \\"ax)' to UlC louch and foIXms.to repel
The main dl'llwb3l'k to u.mg PI"""UreInoi~ure.
It's an N(jlCnl.h'c, sll1light.grruned wood treated ,,000 Cor outdoor furniture is its
thllt's gen<lmllyeasy to work. Rut it contains color - u;uaJly liJdlI green. But it call be
u high conl.nt ~Csitica. a fine SlIIld.tltatduU.
paintt'd or st"ined (_ article on .taim! alld
cutting tools. Boatbuildol'S uS(' itllOt only for pretie:T\~{ti....t.!" in ll'tJOd.tt"r;IJt No.. 27).
it.< deca~' re;istance and hl>autiCulyellowCONCLUSION
brown 00101' but 01<0 becauS!> it doesn't 1'U~t
When it 1."E!li; right down 10 it, the final
01 corrode metal h:U'd\\'81'e.
ut'Ci$i"I'l of "ital- \\'00l1 to use for outdoor
MAHOGANY
I'M,jet't.S mighl depend on availahility and
Boatbuilcle ... also u"" the three main group,
pnee. Redwood b probabl~' the be:;1
money. But il call be ""pen<)f IlIllhof!llny: African mahngany (t.,cJmicaUy chQice ror
khay.), Philippine mahngany (l8uan), and sh'e, especially on the cast coast.. Teak and
genuine or C(!lltr,U A"wrican (Honduran)
!!1?nuine mahol!3l1)' make beautiful (Umi
rnahognny, The mo.1 del'llY ",,;Stant and the tu"" but they can be e"en mOre eXjX'nsi""
~trongest i., the genuin~ mahOj,'3l1YbUI all .nd difficult 10 find, ~xceP! in btJatbuilrling
on the coa.<(>;. (Sec souroc for IhOll(>
Ih"'" could hi> used (01' outdoor furniture.
.AJ'Jicanand genuine mahogany are eI_ wood. I~I on page 24.)
One final note: All the:;<!woods will.veIlin appearance. Both vary from a palc 10 a
twilly tun) grr~v when len oUl.i(I~. Iapply a
dark reddishbrown and have .imilar til'"
tures. Philippine mahogany (Jauan) has a .-par varnish fini.<hfor prolection and 10slow
down this proee.<s.see pa~e 15. Bill the Iighl
coarser t~1u.rc -;mdis 1,ltiC(1 for inexpe~i\e
gl'll,V,.ihet:\, sheen that th",.; woods .,"n
doo~ :md interior tJim. Il'~
ItOl a...rulnen
sionally ~tabte 3.< the other two tbut sluinks
twllly take on i. a beautiful addition to an
outdoor
setting.
and ''''ells aboullike oak).
.._,/

tI,.

o,'.,...u

'ore""

WOOOSMITH

13

Outdoor Glues

STICKING TOGETHER IN THE WORST WEATHER

\\'1.. nil mn .. Lm. to l(Iu up Lh~
~'lInknlou"", A I flahq, (or this
,,",II '. 1 cl.1 a hltl, """arch to try
to ,1.1<""111" "hal kind o( l!lu~
\\ nnltl bil IJol'1 (or ...uttloor ron(li-

price, I paid $6.69

ror a ( I Ill'.) cun lit a localhardware

n",n:II.,1"Ih,
1'141N',

R''N,n:illtll will "land up to most

>'O"~IIli'.lh~mical,.
and beingsubIll .. lg("(1 in I)(,il,nl{ water, but I
...,,,lIy ,1I>n\ I,bm fin boilinJr Lh~

!lOfl~ Bulh

or these pmj('I!ts ,,;11

I rn!tat,lyllt out in lhlntlnanri;::.un.

but

th(',) \\110\ til( (."flmJ1)l'l.(I~

sub-

Qlf'fl."('11 (clr IC1f11: Jl('riflfl~

I>o,'''''hIn tl\< ""ar futun-, And \h..t

clarkglu,' lUll' ",ill bothered me.

of time

k, abc.. l) 11tI$<I"IU1I
.. ltofinda

EPOXY

J:Iue thai rouIcl be \lll('fl .. nh oily

woods, such as teMk. (r a

'That's wh.'llI ..,.... I,'1 to use epoxy

Epc:I:\.} b 8 l"''''IJ311 (resm and
hardc:-lIl'r Ii<luid .~ ,tom. If" an
In<n<libI) sm"'tr, 1I'lp-1iIling glue
that', ""I'l"'""'l to hold wood (and

,If).roIJIi

.. 'cod, ..,ch as oak.

POLYVINYLACllATfS

n... gllk'l< moot .... nmonly round in

,,01.1 t-h,"1~an_1

rniiar "",te riab .u.h II> "",tal

anti 1IIooclltc'l(tlh~r und er jU:;1

",,1(>1'" 51J1uble and

kn"" n ,1><.",,,.... 1., "I'nl~vinyl aeetares, 41rJJ\'.-\~("r Ml()r1. But mo-a

ll( u- ...111lh, m :Slrn"I~'\\ hll(' I(lu\~

.bout an,) f.ituallC)n (ehemieals,

""tlmt r lOll In hot water). I
I) ,~hl I ,,<>ulol be the perfL",1
.. .tut 1"", taltel~,l usod it to glue t.he
~nl. n I"'nth Itnclchaise tOjletm>.r.
111,1 m.' ..r Lh" problem> I had

ye-llow Jd\It:
WIIITt. GLUf. The 1i"'1 I'\,A.
"h,t. ~hl
r-. "til' d,'n'l"pI~1 in lh,'
It.lrl..a.~an impn,,'ttl ulternative

alttt

to Ir",lil.onal hule J.!lue. IVhit"

J.!lu.(-uch ., Elmer ,1 dries quicker than

particle: tJOnnl iltY'

hull' ).tlul', but il'~ )';tall ;1 water-soluble

lMlh. j\t' lhi'll has \t:r":\ poor water resis.
bllK't anel CI"l"CI'1iunder a lo;{fl So it's not a

urea-Iormnhk h\,k

~I(t('hol('(>o ((II'" OUttiftol" l)n)J(>('\:",.

'FI.L('" AUI'HAIIC GLIt:, In .........nl
dlo,. gill<' <Olwh~'b["",'. ('aTJl<'nter" \\00<1 (;Iu ",1 t nlOklin Tllebondl
h.'L~b.,"'("n(It v\ "")11'(1 as It moc:tlfi ..-d pol~";nyl
Il(1tat. (Ir .II~jhalie n ...n giue. It rlri('!'o
llUl.Cur lhan" hlle aluc and manura
...
~un:~
\'laim It to be \\:,l ...r rl!t'i~tant. (BUl if "ou

\.11

y'''''''')

an,

BUI tlwn
resins,

~'h('t

,,f,. II KiUt'tl t't~.IIM r '\\tlh

!rTll ,.... "

load<. lo I Wtk

tht-\ IK't.-d nJ!)fJ1temJ)lfttun:!

'or h,~lK-rlo~n

1111'<01<1~~~'
Iv\1e: r.orrnaldc.-h)
~...,.. pi:< k'

n"
...

1I.. , """\ bunrJ '"

A .. l

w~I:JH

off

~nng

"lIh

II \Ill.

us .In'nl(\h. Cured

,",.n\ rocn(' ufr lUl~'lhJnJ!very ea.sil~'

..n... ,1 I.a. ro,uI~' (. lv dn.<l. It sticks to the
<I:unpo Rnd nn) u. "'lUl'eZl'-llUt is almost
11111 hi, 10 I<'ral'" (lIT the wood, The soft
mtv.ood I ..... 1 splinten!Ci and !'tuck to th<>
lit m
1arJ:<. drips 111 the wood.
"",.(I><.,. problem \1< Lhe "rice - the
III1:rU(-.;~
.q
u;urUt, that would <10 Lhejob_1
ab""l :tJ hi: I "rclc>r (n... snail tube< o(
t

,_1\)

"'" c.' "r 1.1\.dnl..t,uTI~luphru>h inam..

o( "at.'r r. r R couple ht)u._r.l. ~'()U kno\\' it

rt'IIln
lin' I'''or PI
fiUe..... Ih. \ ",,,I IlItbt IIt1Ul1l )U1~ ""d
goocld:,ml~
''''' Ii
don't bcllwl <1' "Y the hanl"ll ... I!t(Jrt' aren't enoul!h.)
to flll, \',ool~\l.'n \\
F"" ~,tho "'1t~1or t 1''''>" i."nqlleasant and
R,il ,.\ "n 'nth l'"
Irrvh!e..... JrIaoli< rubbc"gto, ,.. he""'l bo.- "urn rOT protection.
rl....ln A'Iut' might lM a 1:000. tnt'~l ...:m;i, t' 'l1tc ftnlllU,. I u....<l il without glo\,,,... and
chcncp (11r m,' tIJl'tl\t'i-1l00c1(norl ullnt-tR, ..1) II... """,II IaYl~1on my hand, aU da~\

1.1(1....''lS n~ht \IJl )

fflltcl(K)Y:t,tphcnll'1h.:

",n<l" .hl'h.'tr~ Illu~ would b<! okay

i(

t""~

1,1.,nllt...:1 t'l 111.V(' lh\: Raftlen bench !lIm

"}t'Il~'
lIu11M1l'}Ot.r (", .~ c"Q\'cl'C(l porch. Ilut 1
knit\', tlll~ \\ III t\,(Jltu.aJ!)' end Ull on the
I",tlo. Ik-'IlI,t11 to l'tlll!I,Il'r oth~r Klu~.s.
PlASllC RESIN

$OMl OUlSIDl OPINIONS

RESORCINOL
\Vh"11 1 nlnthth,

ulltlnll)I"t"'t\~'I"' 1\:lC'k

rt~

(or th('l ~;.... I('n 1~Jl('h. I "''ClItt,,1 to IJ......." "

-v..alt'lll1 ...",i 1'l'soa't'l'tc,1 ~lh' (tLUt'h a,.4\\ .... 1
\\(" .. 1 \\.it"'111't)l{(;lUt. F.lmt,rij \\.I('-'I1mx.tf
c;t"o. (OrII .Iho.lcl\\3(,,."",,,11; U~ 1t.1l L\lO
I'"rt ')"" In-a Ii<lwtl""",':IIxl_I"""I(ol''''

ratti, nXII\' nw-... tu"" rt.::'LStant an"'

"In.<tie m<Ul t:fu< 'n>thllK"an~:u.e,.., ....
, ham.,....,...
( ",tru

""~t""'"

..... un",.form:1!tk-hyd,
but Ihey
1NI3II. 1:0 IIlmI 4, bJ the name pl ..stie .......in.,
(,uch a \\rld\\ood
Plastic R.".in and
WilllOMl'bl u~1(""",). I'!a.<tiore-inueis.
Um pO\l tk-r IMI 15m"ed '\lth moter to form

a trerull~~"L"lf"
Glue mnnu(!:u.1.1In

n<;SOn"lnol IS ruso bcased (Ill ionnaJ..

ckh),L.>.II n'1m.".. tOl<l~(onnalcl<h~de ~,
dunn,;: <Unllj! lIul thaI ...3.<I1't m~ fir"
~Ul('('

c,(,jec:tlontOlt.

TI!.> ,''''''If.m \l1IS the c:oIor. 11'< a rlark ...,..

",nt- (''1)'',r that

t)rin~ out

(>\('r,'

glue line

".rdd'

(,uch a.' Ihem .. In Lh, ba..it L.'J(l.rthe

Jott"lh.. r \\ Ilh J,l:tslll'n'lSlllgluf> "ill ~-umdup to
IK-.Ilhl. lal"" h",1a l,ulcI" .. bl,mixing it. It
!Th)l.... t,lf'\>. but .,."bfJ,I:r ",~L t.,ng t"'llbmer
"-a~\'(:l1" J(tlliny un.t \\"hifn It \\':1..... ~t.int..od (or
",i()n~in (.'1~k1 \\oat.',III' ",ool'tty dj,~ in boilin~ 0-10 minul," M n'COmnwnd,'IIun Lh~label,
\\nt(lr. CTht"M Rr{' th4! le:-.l...... to c.lclenn.irKo if 11 ..,m~ ar th~ lum". ,1i"'PI"'al\'(l, bUIit SUtrLJrllleis "'.ICI1,n",r.) Hanl"oud plywtKldand ... tu ,,t
AIKI n fill,,1problem with
l

14

1"5

claim Jotnt .. put lo-

"1'.

N>.

"ItI I mak~ th~ right

rk",,,'ion

(0

u""

"II("~'1
'EI""Y

\I ill "u"'I~'hold hut i" probably

eXll"t"nl(' 0\ t:rkill fnr ~'our bcrlCh or chaL-.e."
'XI.Iain.... 1 D. Jlom"r or Jam~l<to"" Di:r
(.;bull .... 'Ilhink a pllk- re'J1l ue "oukl
pn>lab)y hi- ,Iur.lbl~ ~ncoUl!h- Jamc:Stl)wlI
11i"nbul<m! .. a ({hode I.lanel ",tail and
mail onk'T fiml IMt 0<11:< "",,(Iy '0 boot

build.",.
It. kind oflikr Ihc. dilT...
betWl'ell a
Thn<:, ""tel're<1.<tant watch and a diver';:
"ateh: ,hi< ''plained. -\00 <an wear a
.....t~r-"', .. l"nl \ltltch wl\ik you do the
.mho.~.take ho'".r. and mayb<- even rOT

"llCf.'

:-"immln~. But If ~f'U "ant tC)JlO down 100

r....1 ""10" Ih~ .un:"", you n~ a diver'.
\\'~Itchto 1't~I
..t tJlt' ,'n~:l.."Un!l'!,

-Youl'l"'n<h "lid "h."", won't becom,ian,~",ubm"rl,1

ov,,n lon~ pl'liod of lime like

WOODS~UTH

a boal 11.") m.!{hlj[t't wol and then dry oul

n'I>mIUy. I Ihlnk I'b.'ll<' n=-m L' aU you
_,I ror tbem, "
A Clolullon'Humer at...
, '~lU1'oL<I thaI th ..
ebem C"~ 111 ",,,,,I quality ep<><ie- <'M be
rlang~""" Ir not d"Il("""
1)( 1Jl'>.,...rI,I: ..1.,..1
lht" accl4)lk h(_"\_'<I('(1 to ('lean it up it- ev en
ll'I4'I" tUulf,r,mU!l.

A S(,OND OI'INIO" "I agre... that epoxy

prybably 1.,,\ n<~_""'Y ror your projects
"" Il1n~"" ynu'l'(' goin)! to apply a iini>b and
1)""lItit'"

II" JjUf~1l('1.Y'-U!lIar. said Land

\\\",hhllm. Pt;"id,nl or Headland Internatimllli. 1I,... lImvl L' tbc American importer
and diOll'1l1ull)l' rur Ih~ Canadian"made
Ik"o"~1 ..' G21 that I 11.""<1 on ~
hench and thai ...
"Rul Ih,,1'< art' ~ coopk>oo\'antal!e' to

,""X~

"I""Y In 1IOmt .. tuauo ....: Land ""ntinuM.

"In ,'wuio.... "here n.'V""U!<i~
"ill be
I"'t un joint. <'J1O'Y ",ill hold from 601'1'<100 p,SoL .. hllr aliphatic glue "ill onl~Il0l.1
,"" lsurOI 1'.... 1. And <PO,)' can be >Ion><!
"ith 1",",len<! ~bI<'
aniline d\'\.",
or ~v., .man _I 0( SIIldin!! du.t 10
m.k"III(1't,11 611, r." (~lIiwmilJ.
No, III
ror int(}rm...'\llt)r~ on 1)0\\ clpred aniline (I~'~.)
sqUF.f.Zt: OIIT I ke<1 Land aboul mv

urr hardened .pox;

"IUII<'7..('UI. H. ,uKR I.d thai il.hollid
b<.o""'''Iltd off while it's .lillhlly $ofl. (I aiM
r~llnd OUIil elen"... up well with lacquer
prubh'm

1(,'lI inll

OILYWOODS
~(1J()X ('0 (ouch IL'G21c1othe be.ljobo(
J"imng oily ,.,owl. such ... 1<'Ok. I'd alway"

htoanllhat It

".L' a

th( 8<,lutin (or l'l'oblrm \\ood.:; and ~pt"Cial

~Ieato wipe tbe

to n'mt)\" An)lCUrfac.,,{loil. Then dry~it thor

ou)lhly \\ ith a dl')' ra~. (lnCl!if. completely
dr')', ('Jx,X)' ron he llM'f1 to glut. up w joint
\\;thin 1l rou,lIf1h"ur.;, lxrort" the oil seeps
baek 10 the
l..:Inll,11..."",,'<1. lit, recommended 8 ,tir

."n,",

f,'I'('nl

1'''10'''' \\ hen

""ill)! G-2 epoxy, "It',

Iwthrlo" ark w ilh n r....,.hly eut surfaee," he

(\I>ta.inf.."C1 ~.mt umes )'00 can aggrn\'ate
Ih, oilUlIli"" "lIh A 1,,'lroleum product.
l;luvl.c IIl"rliw aft('r I'lanjngorf'ay,in~ i!' 1M
best methowl It ,1,,,,,,.-.\ allow the oxidation
~'""""'" to COfU"let<'l,)take "lace or airborne
contalllln:mtAlo build UI' on t!K.l'Ul'fac<o."
POROUS WOODS

Another use or epoxy i,. 00 I"JfVU" wood,

""'h as oak. O,Ik' "I',n I"'''''' tl'nd to absorb

jrlue and ,.,..nl. a "" ....."'t Joint. To solve the

problt.'m. 1111
.. ~poX)' manufacturer (thf'm
Tt't:h) l't'('(l'nmI'Il!j, pn~
...illin~ oak with 8
lhin _t lIr "I')'Y and Ih,'n I.lting Ihe joinl
dry "1"'11, Al1"r it'_ dry. tij!ht.ly !<Cuff lhe
maling .untll'''''",," tll~)ly another thin even

",.. lor

cptlX)'

lind clamll it cloS(~1.

thillncr. if)'ou c.'nngf'l it. "hile it'~

~till\\'f.'l.l
"Jnall,.,. l.un,1 J"t"("(,mlnt"nrlerl epox~: 3$
.JlUulJvn.". "It. j.!T\'at (or oil=-'and pnrowo
Yo (Mkf.. aM Yo llJ ~ J'tujt'C'L'" that flex.such ~
bow. and rL.hin~ rod,: "t' oaid,

~.~.I

of an)'joiut nl8l~ y.ith oi~' wood-,

"ith w..1'.'" th"".r or rubbin)! akobol l\I'l't

. ,~-.

8OIUN(; "ATERT~:b1'!l.After about ani'

hour ill builirl~ WAU'I' I wasn't surprised to
~'t' the

\\'hilt' nntl )'j.lllu\\- ):Iu('.:'obri\'e \\'ay,

But tu my l'OU111Ji",{~ the epoxy ga\'e ~'a~'
from Ih,' h"al in ahoul three hours, while
Ih,' ,,1lI.lic l't",in 8n,I the resorcinol bolh
hd,1 tight. (I,all'r I learned thaI some
<'1"""'" tArt to ",,(\en at UO f: And thc~'
can even start to .hnnk and break down

b<.ol"" It:)
(."0111"ATl R TL'~
.\ft....
r overnight in
cold w"ter. lhe white "",I yellow glue buth

cave

untltr ~tlghl Ill"e'&'U.J"e. but lhl'

pia,;uc n... ",. "'JIOrclUt)l. and epoxy all held
\\"'8)

u)lhl
CONCLUSION
~" "hili \\ ould IlL'" if I built another gnnl.n
bend. or "'"" ....1 I r they w ..... to be built in
" ..Iwood lind Ih,' jl)int. w ...,good and lIl!ht
("" th",, w,,"lrl"~ lx, a ",-eel ror a I(llP-filling
~Iu~),
1'.111I"'~lbly 11.'" pIa'tic re.ill )!1u('(..'
I \"11' working in ,,'&nll, well\ ,'ntl~lIIU'l'.). I f I " ......u<ingoakor teak.
1' IL'<' "I"'X)' And if I planned to 11..... the
J-N.jN1. fIJ\I)'11)llllJl't~
or on 8 complete1)'
oo\'cn...t pun:h. I'd ,lid< with yello" glu~
10111( ...

nSTING

Alkr l..tklDl(to IA'\nd about epoxy, I decid,..t

I"d.,,"'n ....
ofmy own, I ued up
"""'pIe boan{. o( n..t",.wl "ith Elnwr',
wh'lr j!'h,,'. Frankhn', TlI.bond Iy(.'n,,,,

""'tin....

~luc). 1\'.~I"(lOCll'Ia.u< lW,in, \\'eklwood

R.-<orcinoI.and C_;~ F.I""):. (Set> P'l1:" 2-1 (or
mail 0,,1, I' IIOUrt~. ror 1m'", and atll<'r
~I
:-;."t I (\II the ""ml'l., to half and subm...rgctl one hal( 111bclilillg 1A-atcr for th.n.-e
hourg an.I the l'lN'r half in (.'01t1\I,awr 0\ er111""'1. I (','IIno<l Ih,.... would be tou!{h~r
",,",Iilio'" Ihnn th,' Irdnll!Dbench or chaL'"
woukl evr-r have "'1(11 Ihl'1.ugh,

6".

(pun

IIlknd,..tI,

OUTDOOR FINISH a recipe from our shop

----'---------1
fmt~h that 1~tlunable but $till offers a aJ1Qthtr - 'Cllltll .,f lh~' lln)jt"Ct -\fttar it':-.
.moulh. ""lin. pen,'t ratln!! linkh. II', a aIIo\\ ....11" th'y u,,mil(ht. ",,,,,al the proceo' a~.in, On th~ third d3); repeal Ih.
fin"h Ih"l
",I" the wood.
Tu nUlk" th., (IIlt,h. 1 mi\ed:;()'; Behlen', prtll.~
...
~. hut thii'\ time ,"ork \\-ith a finer
IV"h'r V..lli.... R".\omtitln (~par)\'iIrnWI and (~Ollor liI~).lIrill
sall'IIIo'I....r.
G(Jo1
Sullwl'!'lnd
Wt'llI..
Thng
on
Sealer
in
1I
A
Sl,lCUrr
"H>:t:N,
Aft"r the third coat. n
"PAR VAliNIS", Fol' the oak ."ing.glid~l
r""lu,'('(1 in II'tltxilf",ilil (No. ilil) lnst !111m nUlyonruli",'Jar, 'to(' Sou"",",. ""It" 201, (Note: "('1'), 'li~ht .h.NI "tllli' to build liP, That's
"'fr. \\'~ f'('\'Olnnlt'nctecl ~1)3f' \'l\Mlish. It'tt Suth,'rlAnd IV"II." Ttlll~ Oil Seale" i" only jU"1 "'hal I'm I,,,,kln)! for
it's a sign th".
watl''l''''' ,r. to,'4."".and ol3l'tic - jIL't whHt 8lxlUl:!!Y IUlIum!.Th., "'l11Jlinderisthinner
tht'I'\"~ "".nl" ~u"(acepru\.('Cliun. but not a
\I" "",lII'1
ror that project. BUI I didn'l ruKIdriN .... If ),04'" IL'UII( IIffl purt' lung hi)lh ~In"". If Ih(, surfacu it: stiU a liltle
think il ",.., quilA' ';!{ht for the n<!wood
oil. "'<h ,. Hop"'" 'I\mf.: Oil. you shnultl rough or the .ht,n too hilth. lightly smoolh
rurrutun' (C'.IW't'd in this i..,,,,,-,,
proloahl) start by thUUling lhetullj(oilaboul
it "it h UOOO01,...1\\ 001
MAI'ITAI"I"'C TIlt AI'PEARA."CE.One
~Ioar'='hLoa (airly hi~-gIos$, built-up .';(l';< WIth m'Il( ral """,t,,)
of th, nd\1\ntages of thi" "iligbt .hloen"
,\PPl.Il'ATlO' Once Ib" ,par \'anllih
finish.
tine for oak. bul (or lh<' n.'<Ihberally bro.;;h Ib" finIsh U. that you can wI! "'hen it need..,
,.oud Cumiturr 10 this i=>e I ,."" looking for and lung oil"", ml,,~I.
;l()IMlhmg mare o:wn and natural A finj<h mlXlu", on otIC sect,on 0( the proj,'ct and .....,.."'~. anti
10 tlo, If n~n)
...
ar
kt
It
_k
into
the
..
ood.
After
about
len
lhe
Hnl,h
I.
d~at1
flal.
,t',
a
,'ij!n
that
t....
lh:&t "0II1d_k Into the "ood lik<. an oil but
still (Jal'1"lOme. JJf'Ott'dkID.
minut, ... ..00 Ihe .. ,I 'un ...... with 3:..'~ pl .... cooLIu..w another COIiI,JIL<I ,,;pe on
A not '" r "l'oblt'Tll .. ,Ih a ,liIfa<tO linkh Iikl: gril IIhNn C21'hid~ .. ",IP'lrer to $moolh III<' ",me me,lure and "'n<l it as bero""
spar \lU"!lioh .. I>ru.<hing ,t on e\,('tI(y the ;uri,.....
and produee " sawrlu>l ,lurry
If you "'lint a httle more "ltrfn~,protec
willk .. t ru"" IIr tin .... That'. e:;pecially di(- thal HIls the minule 1''''''' m the wllO<l, II lion. ialCn-3.C('-th\ ..~mr \'arni.t;h. If it \\'on't
fi''lIlt " .... n ftnL""mlCa proJ<'Cl that ",,", ,fa... ,"nip tht ~nIIJ)allt'r an-lun(1 a felt hl(_t('k ..",k inlo t!K, ",.,,1, i"..... the tung oil or
and .f II .tart_ to dry out dip it into tht' add .....me min"ral sl'iril, ",... color of the
'" ith mall.",,~
,,nlhem.
\'ami.:;h t')"J,t oil mi'\lur~,)
ACOMR'l'ArtON.N>On lh"garden bench
wllO<l may chanll~
the Yl!'1l'S as it sits
an<1lhl.~chaif.( 1 mixed my o, ..'U combin.,
oul
In
th,'
"(,(Ither.
bill
the
""tin ~moolh
Finally. will" "wa~' any or the e" ...""
lion or .pnr ,'aml'h lind IUlIg oil to get A fini,h with 0 el""n cloth :lnd then w~
fini>h \\ill be mnlnillined,
HOI' tit) ou finL"" ouldoorfumitUlt'to
make
it durnhl. hut .liII beautiful? II seem> 6""
WI''' e """n ,,"1111.1and amund this topie(M'('
"( ....JIt'/"", 11/, r\()!oi., 2i~t.nd:!9). anti I~mnotmrc
I htr(I~Olll: ~,Iullon ff.r{very :;iluation.

...us

'Thal"

"

,t', ~....)'

a.""

""t...

WOODSMITH

throu"""

15

Garden Bench

FOR QUIET THOUGHTS IN A SHADY SPOT

'11M! n t t II f I ~,\\ 8 i och tike thl.'; \\"(1:; in
an ~ IIh>1h \\".Ik"'~ (;.,I'II.n I \;,h<'li in ~l.
I....ul l'het"'lu'h ....a.. tl~tletl under a ~.
l I (1'\.'(' Hf)l1 flfl,n.'1I.u. \\tlt""nw l'elier for

ml ""'''.\' II',... II "I""

m-,I" ('I'n\h"1Jlhl,,than
at fin.\ 81j.!ht.

f."

Il"llllN"n.t

1""".. 1 I" be much

llht'Usml it would be

\I.U !"11K'1'

I .....at on that

be....h. IMlt I'm finaU) ceIling

""""Iol In

buiJdIl\jl mv \~l'1llOn,All h""lorhtlk ",;gina! 1

oat on,. < mark of " ...k, l built IIw ""ncb
sbow'11 .,..,... 001 of M!" 0011. For
'" ".00<1 standard...._'(' pBI:l.:!:l

I1lOl'e

on

.... CKUGS

I """'l~1 build",!: lhl b('nch by ,,~rldnJ!on

th< Int~
I>:u'\ tn. an~ ba<:k 1"1"'.'1'"
eut angl,,,1 I<'t:' like III". It ffi<>3I1t lindin!:
twK1l('ex\r.I\\ lele- Jumt",,'r flruin,z up a ~tL'I'"
h,:,'If .. 1 hL1l1k. 'I" ~I\"t,,.,Iumbl+r. l decsled
tIl ,111"UI':t hlHnK fnun it l~IUJJI{' ,.it"C."e$ of 4x4
"0(1\\'(1'.1 l)f)!\l~ {:l\ ," x :i'I;l- actual dimen~i'ln!'}.:-;(".I'ij.!. I.
(.'lrl t4":(~S Start b.\' t:Ullin1! 1\\'0 long
back I~ 1,I('(i" (A) '" n Ipn~h of :J,3" and
1\\ 0

.hort hack "111>1(....,.

III I to 8 len~h or
Cl..l'l,t; t .- lilt'

1)1..Thvn thl'~l' Int.'('~'1'an' trimmed (It.,,,"

bot ((I"' \h"~"n'glllt.....1'f)~.ther,
ti'('K'I-.:.."'~~lllC't'lh('':x4 posts

1HI"l()"

....... t 1tK't' lh.

i13('kI,..:

It-Int ('<I$:"II(t t..

ftf141.nark

pi,c."f...art! cut to lzt ~tu. ft lun~ ~rK'<"e(.\

and a ,hurt I.' .... (lIt, f,,"n a blank C'r
each h'j!....... f
I I ~ot' St..... rtld<> I
fllllll.lOr J:luM' Itt' ItaJt' I..
LAYOt'T\I hen thl to '" arodl').la) , ut
the 1,Il'" th a I! al1l:lc-~ r the b:l<k "",t
To 11., tlili< angle. tart b) ""'" nDI: C"""
th, bottom fronl ('flr.",r m .., 3 to mark

C'1Jmt.
\\ \h (at\Qr')'-rowlClt.-d edces. trim off
(lfl~ id( lit all thl" V l~-a to zet a futl :old"
\\ th s.luare loclJ{\.''' .......... :;t~l) 1 in t"jg. 1.

'Theil "lIh the flat s (ic> "!:ain'l the fence.

"""" .. til<' I"'<tolo ~ rhick. ,..". SipI'2.
( I \' I P Tin UlGf:S 0"", the leI!
lJlt"('t ~trecut to thlr'km..... tum thf: \\orkF1l(o('t 91: I al),ltrim about
,,- off fln('- edge of
tach t II~ tlJJl\tHI1Mt ""fJrkin-.: ~urraCi:.~e
SI"p S. Th"n OIl' the PI("", around "" lhe
nill Urlltl't'l t!JOlin~l the f('Jl(.."C
an(1 trim It.urI ttll' ntht'r "(llll' to ~t a ('lean gluing

PtJlflt

to thl

(n)nl (rll{(" ,,( thl I~~ ftl)!' nuak Il,unt I~

(',.nnt(" th .....t l\\n IlOllit It'I.'Potal.1

h th,'

It anst1t.
'1'" mark Ihl' ""'mll I,".,h IOf lh, leg.
rilult nt l'fJint Ii :lJ141.n"lI ...UI't 1T .lif)nJ,! ttu'

~u,f.u,t, tlt'(" ~t41Il.t,

"""or,
PltEl'ltJtING 4 4 STOCK
1

.p p

fA'
,

1"" C

.'
3

IA'(QIIT
I'OINt

IIOOC

16

.",'

'100'''''0

SACIt

I'I~

tc. th"lol) front corner

f III h the 1<:1: !a.voout by marking the

.... k c.-d~ of lh(' leg parallel to and 2' .f.......' Ih. fronl .. h:e><, I:"01e: Label the
100111t,. hc-re t~
1\\0 line;. intersect the hl<'k oft"" kllft - a" "01l1l 0.)
( Ira" nu. ",,<;u:. At li""l. I eonsideM!rulUnl: (Julthe Icy> on. banol<aw. Rut
I"
oonn'nlt,,1 about getting a ~tralf!bt
cut an.l hoW' lal clt'an UJI th.. mugh t'a"'.
"U.rka.. :'<) 1 "'"'Jtchl"(llUIll-.... ble ~a\\.~,hich
l,n"'_'nl,,1 a problem wilh (ullin!! the "in"
!tUll'bt'Jltl- ul POint U.
T" cUI th~ lpl!>'Oil a table ,ow. lack a ~"'thick 111)'wllolI carrier pi~c~ (aOOIlI 10 x

..\ l'ot"t" 1-110: 2.

'. h("n I,.. In l'Olrlt .\ mt. ure I.

(l ~

1'1111\ (.

lOG(

'r

I'OINt

110

1 .~~

((

- .'

....

..,/
V

-.

I'OINt

NOT,
OIAGOHAlUHf

"":

M1'WttN POINTS
"AND' EQUAlS

.r

WOODSMITli

So 110 the Ie" blank

<0 one

edge IInc up on
tht ung!l.lIft I)('ncillint. connt"ctlnJ! 1'01111$A
,tnt) H,~-c f"'I~.:1. Then make a rot n~ht0'1

."

th\ t.~I~( of the pl,)"\()(J(1 tu trtm t,tT lht'

'fHC;l

''''1'1,.. part of the Ie)!. '00 I-"J(. I.

('1' r TIn; IJAOK EIX:"; .I',xt. I rUI Ihe

"111l'\ictl'l1o(1lld" in two l.m"~l'~ The fil1lt I'.L......
),lc)t "Inlc~t to thct back of the k'll',_ '[he
tt("('(,urlltak.. also g(W~almost If' tht back of

Ih,' knee, but from Ih, 011<, ,... 1 n,..

1"""I"m u.",!...rmininc wh~""lo >tol'.
1h d< termme the I<l"l' IIOUlt Ia\ 001
.,.f.nne.. Ii", frum I'OUII II'un lhe h"ck.~
the knt, I. om:~"th;, ,bort
a,,01 down

lw".I'' .

the I,I!('CF,!C.".

_,

blade 2 hi)fh... 1pla,'('"

1)i'lk'llmark on the saw t~lbl.I,~ht tit th4~
IK,int \\ hpJ ..> the rront ufthc blafl, f>ntf'a'JO.I h(.,
"IM'llillll 111
Ih~ table. _ rig. 6. ~;'I"nd a
l,,\..ft',\ru,'t..' lint" from lh~ IIlltl'k Hl~.I\lltJ nul
~"Xll'IU"" t~

,.,...
WIlUf
flOWlOf
SNNlIIAOf
("'11tS

.....

11'111\I htll}atll ..
S,.\\ f,( t thp rip ie!~ tQ m=.k~a:!

\\l(it
1'1: I.. ",olth,
I'\UI'I 'Ul~Dlinle >Mrt 01 tn.'I""nt 11h ...... thc
",1', n'JlCt! line on the" or!qt.= Jin< UI'"1th
Ih,' tin<> on lhe saw table ...... :<l~pI, til:, i.
'fum (Iff ttIP. :",...lW and l"f'm.,"f tilt klo:.
'rl' cut the INJltrlll' or lhl' I"~J:.0111the J"j.!
ert and ,.,,1 the ("1'

t,\"I'IUI(I
~h(}lt tJf

"r the

_.

&OTlOM.::.-_-_ ...

turn llCoOOf('I'('net ()'t" II~WI\ tOil

where the \\\'0 1'(,_flI,\'lIl"t,lir,(

.. li.ll"
!"tl' Sle,,2. "ig. 7.
I~IS'I II-It; ('U1: 'Ib Ani~h thl' cut '1J04.' n
hancl saw 01' handsaw, Then U"'4' .t ",hH1"I)

'I".

IACXl.DG

Of"""

chi ..... to vlean up lht, ' ..lick 4.( tht kneo. see
I k.atl ill ti!:. 7.
cu n "G TO 1.I:''<GTlI.,\f'I"r th, bark (>I

the 1<'0'...... cleaned up, cut h..th ,nd:< I"

finallencth O. from I'oint B .... -c f I;: 2),
NOT(

fRONT LEGS

to UMOYI WAST'
P'lKlS ANlSH cunlNO

~ ('\ll'll t wo Irnm fc:gs (l J fnlm u 1\ J 11()l"l(,

WIlH HAHO SAW

11 ""'I(h len.....
th or;!.'>",set' F'II. !I. Fnll,," the

on the buek h.'J.!'(:-;l(ll)."I

1-'i~.I) to I-eSlJ\\ tht [1"111 Itg... 2' "
thic:kand then rip them 21;_ \\ 1(lt,.

!\fUlll'

tlrtM.'t>tIUl't':L<.t

t.,

;lIlcl:! In

MORTISE LAYOUT
()n' all

rour

kogs an> rut to '''''". I L".I oulthe

JlO!iltiolls oftlK_morti.;,e. f(Jr lht nM:)rt'~ 3J.t
tenon JOUlL- that lK.oI.I t1x, "h .. k- 1>,.... 1> to1<\'1'" r
~hc.'1

:\utl': To kl-'t'I'

",

'.'

f ,

t"\t't')'thUla,!' ....
tl":t1,mt

w,(1 ,et mim)red ~t...;;:.I (owxlit \\.t~4a... it~l

tC.1t-lttncJ \l~laU row' Il....~ lJ\\O l)ll,..lticUl Cf"('t
I'~i~,
~)
anti PCI-.ciJin rolli.,ril t'\~fiI')I1C.'\lilark.,
\\hl'rt tht! morti&>s ~ 100It('(l.
All the n\(.rtL~ 8n.'Clntt.l'Cltill th. thick-

J,,1....rth 81)1:1In(....tJorl

or th\_

rl)flI1LM.'3

2J"

tru.l

\'lin"'"
\t()Kll!'~ I :'1.3nt..'(j at thl. tQI~
of the:
b;tf'k &e1o.... la)"lDJ! IJUt ttk I ~kn.;:
rn'1L~

ra.:.....

for th. "11",r haok railon lh. " 1

of
,: ...h "".k k>g ..,., fig. !(
111~'nt \\'f_)rkt'd tl\) \\.'}' IltJ\",n tht- k~.
lA)'lns: "ut thf> m(Jl"li~ rf)r tht iinnlt. tlw
rl'Ollt :uul back rail:-. thf: ~~lt l""PIlC)11",
arKl
th(o::-tl'ttt'tlenoIL,sJIO\\'nin .i~.!torow-I a.

[I--i-'

'''''''' "f lhe -"",k 81\<1 in ",.llh, II', the

.SIAl'
"""""

Ir
14

\4

.,I' ,

OOl1OOol

STRETOIE'~"'"

"t

..Lt,

17

_0

cunlNG

THE MORTISES

Onrotlk mutt.".; '''I''l~ll(I'oUtonllk~.1

nlU~
Ih,.", out on A<lnU JW("''' wnh a
mol~L<lJlgbll I" ,h,Jlmg "', rlapl'inl( hole;
(;;1>,,1' :-;0' ;; "C, Ihe I>:lddcg "on't -It. ilat
on Ih~ drill",..
lal,. IbUIlt 8 I"ml"'rnt)
platrvnn to UI ,rt II. "' F~.10.1 .Vt. r
ntUR'hl~ (Kit tho mtlI11.... I ct\'~Ul\.orl
up the
dwf:k... \\ ith u thIH(1
fiNISHING

CUt IAOMJ$ ON
t.AO( LlGS

mt

N xt ",ark

$(000 __

..., .... -

[tV'"

"

IOUGH 0lMfN10>4

30 (Sfl '.0 )01

i_
ARM

'Ii.

...,_.~

j_J

(CUT TWO "KlSI

" ,..

......r -

''loz NOT HOUs ~. DIP

QHnMOOfroj rHtC.NUS

"",t

llu' ,J'\(' JlI'K',<itlin' at th,' rront 11..'1P")

and
I., n ,I,u.:h k-1I~lllf,f:to! S(>{' ,,"jjC. 12.
ttl ,t,IC"t f~ ASI) S1 H":TC'lt t;N.S.. Ne.\.l cut
tWIt iIC1,l 1Il'IJIf,rl bhIJIk. ... (E. (IXltn "2 by"
lunlbt'l lCI ft \\Icltla e,f~' . and th(" two
tllOt',.rn ttln:.ot(lltr t,hlnks. CF ) to a \\idth nr
I
II-II"II...
an<l-\",,\ch~l" to.
fin h(.. t 1('(1!1.h of I'. t 4'c.-I--i~_ 12-

"1'"",1-

...

n I l.ut;l'(t on the 1\tnuj,!ht t...I....n._....

,. \1 ~llJ)('Kl~ The tenons fin both

8OTIOM STRETCHER~f) ICUlTWO"Kts,

tn,1 "f the ",'at

..l

",.

.,1

DETAil

....

.,1

_1lAl

10""'"

$lHfCHf:1

\t-1

.., ....
\.

are

thick. I

UIlT'fUM S'I'IIETCII.:ns. The tenons on

'h(' "',lll)ln ~t'"i'lt'h"r~ nrv t he same, e..'(c('pt
ARI'IIIS,

... ex

,,"UPV'II1..:-

itJhK. ~IKIt'ul tu Yo lllth lht:i~htJ tl, fit th,'

n,f,I1I"(>;-, tt). ,,('to "'lJ!. 12 .

ttll'~"f'('I(.nl)'

18

btoi:bl on the arm-,

AI\,.,. tt.
'I ""'" we .... c:ut to >'it.. ,
be
"'m on tlk ",non.. 11l<'1"",on-onth<>
hod< "t tlk ....... "'" ",,<'<I. but th<>tcnon..",tt. It RlI'I':.rts nn" bonnm .I",t<l,..",
an: alrasght I tikI to do 'JK... ('"3.")' Itnt.~first,

...

..

<lUI

ru. IlIMI

THE TENONS

1.

trc tehe ... that fit betwe...-n

Ito.: ~
t fi lid bock 10.'Il"
,'e \,~ Start tl' ('Ult,nt{ t \\ 0 ann hlank....
I) r''Om.1 1x I I~~tt,) ~ sqUlU"'e ((o11()\\'

I~.

'AC( OF AONTUGS

II

ARMS. SUPPORTS. STRETCHERS

ItG4JIl I'

THE UGS

'11\(.'''' an' hlll1.1 (")Ul,h j)( filli.....hlllg~llp:;Oil

thoII,..rs, Fu ..I,tlw '''P''IMI uft'uch h.'lCk I""i,
rlJUtllk>clto tt II t rwhll~. '>t' }Ol~.11. 'TheJl
1m tJle ft'Jllt k'J( U~ a hantl ~\\ to \-'\It a ..";
.ito( I' .kwl'8U\'. """1iI'I'on t h(' fmIll Iaee.
To keep the bottom (.r tho l~...~ from
duJlI
roun<I (I' er- allfour I,l!' wnh
mum \ er bit on til<' roul..r toblt' .eee lleUlil

IIM:i tf1 I
tOM Of

NOT(,

ttNOHtScUl
AT 12" ANGlL
stECVTmfG

~()((DtUIliN
RGS,.,17

.1". \\'iclr ....('(.. t-'is.:. 12.

:0;0\\ (ClIlht (UI111UI"t.'ro mak(" lht!

angt(~1'tnr"l flrtth ... ann t'lJ It 1'n3tchei- th{

IT bt.",t In lh"I,-'~. ~'(IUha\ t' til CUta tef)4)11
"Itn knj(l .. 1 ." .. u\... ............ Uetail in Fig .
l:t, To flotru.". al,Irl,-'tht mit"r j!'aU~ at ;:'ot
(\\hlC'h i:s 12 fin 8(tJll~'mit~r~g-csj. ~
. ~ II Then ",,,,,tn .. bla'ie
h.igfn or
I anti ... tl>' hi' f.nce I ... ",y (rom th~
ool",(k ('011>
ohh<- blao I. to act .,. a ~"p
.
Shop :-;,,1": lwr,,~,actU<lil) cutting the
h'mn ,on the ann. I
through the
('ntLn.' pnX"t"t'.... \\ Ith a In'~
Or~T"dP
the-samE'
thitknf..", a.otlte arm blank.
Once aJl,hl' ""1111111"al'\' aecurJt . make
the an~k~1.houlcl,'ICUton the arm. Then
make' Ix""at<~1I)(~"'''''
the blade until
one .id~
or the t"Ofm ih cut.

'0.

""rk.<I
0'."

WOODSMITH

Xcw flip tbe "o~

'orand ,,\ltd!

tlM.!oltergatJJ:\

It' H'tatt.he011JX"lt ......

12:')""'1inI: ..... ~ 'It 15 (A,<l' e t.htorip(ence
al the me "'tim;: and M t.htoothtor I'i<k to

~ rm til<> tenon,

_ ..

-,.
_ouna
SIt ""'"

......

I .-

IOGIOf

Ib CIII \he I. non 10 "\!th, mel' e the np

.nclrak< thtoblad. (><'
the Intt nuter ~IUJ,!t!
~ttll J! anti trrm tlK-

r. 'l('l'oUlvfth e "a,

t('''''11to t ~'IIf.!. 1.'\ ~I!l.Itl.

1'1".oll\', 1 itud

Ullt

IlK>width, ..the 1,"101\

lI!'IIIJ,!thl' "nd (Ira 11.1!.'r IL"a square, see }'1~.

17 .0\ "t'l It \\.1 I.till out. I trimmed the
l'4tllhll'r

t'm(MIlth

,Ifl\\ 11

wu h

It

hand

:--:t\\

and

II hl'ln UI' w Itb a ('hj:--t~)

'rht.l't-'s (JIlC more mortl!'.l an l IL'n 11 nt to cut - the nne

n -de It otl,ch the rm to the (]'Ont I"",
Tucltl rmn lh"localonofth,..joint,eln
., '" m 1 th bark leg arm. l'<-3t.upport
and n t
r ~"(f
1'"
,1>< to
Ih pel>'t n ftll<> mort se
I. t m r lhe urn, ".It a <tnnght
the! hi,.,.
01' the 1""011.'of the
,al
upp rt _",I Irtt"h"l' ({un the
tntlllht "'ll up I Ih to ttom 01 the ann
8Jul mark Rlin t thl.! IX non, ~ to IJ!' 1....
1 hen "1: l'k out n I I nJ.!morn-e
II
(l".lnllJ( thlJ4 hnt ud bore it out
r.:I'1()~ -rh{I.IIot l'tit'l~ lr, e-ut the manna
1.'nelll un the te'.'l1f the Iront le~. 1'n<I.-ter..
1111"" till' IfI'",Ilh'll Ilf tln ttnun... :*h"uhlpr,
I"t\

A~'f

"fill-:

ml'n~"rl' trom thllJQtt,lfll Ilflht, IKlrk I('I! to

thi \\(,ttlllli 01 thl' nrm. )!(tot fiJ!. 1~, X,,\\"

PlOUI,17

flOUt' Ie
~I"""
ANO TI1M.ftNON
ro t 1IN1\.HfO

u.....
n<

UUINDOf'
lUll

'fO LAY

outrl~

e
ftGUI( JI

~SE
If(; UNIT

ASSEMJ!l'l

,, ~.t.........
,

MfASUIt. fROMlOnOM

....

h"uhl('I' rut ltl.1 IIk'11 cut the

tt!lfllll.Jfit til 11'cH1i~~~l),lailm F~.IS.
flLuk,'tth

.. , .

an JI1>I 8 COUj
J(

eurv 1"(1 to make 8 rom. rtab (':'(.>at To

mak this nln I, I m.-.dl' a tl'mplatf' frornn
I ....... f pel>'1,r Ix 1"<1 \Ilach the 1"',[<.,
t)I",,"U't1tel thl l'flgl ora labl. and ...trike a aG"'

fI~.

l'tnt' of

\.\0.,,'

bcatn
lr""l,a ..s,
tl~. 1~'"Th ...-n locate .infl
murk t h.' "('u\I'rlll1( .It t hI'
(lOint (,f tho
"1"'\.'
ullIll'ut tht t.nll)11It~21 \li(I(.'.
~(I\\ nlifot"th,' {,l)ltt.'rlinc.' 1)1' the IlItllt'111

,,"'t

more eps,

\1)ll ....TIM.. t pofthe seat ,uPPOI1:--arc

, ...,IIU'" II

UG

CUtTt_
10 m MOt:nsI:

IWI re flnsI ..... mbh of\h, ~ _ unit-, th..",

10

Of lACk lie; TOtoTlOM

Of AlM.to DlnlMlNl
lOCAfI()N: Of ~t.OO
ON faOM' lIG TENON
.;(

SHAPING ARMS AND SlAT SUPPORTS

ANOT1:NON
DETAl1.

,
10""'"

Il....a

Sftl1CMlI

I,,"

\\ith thl' C,'('Jlt('rliut, t,l'th, :-.(~ul~uIJI)Cn1all,l

m"rk tho' our"", ,,~ Fw 20. \'"hil,' ( \\"n, nt
It, 1 IJ Kt th,' s8U,(' l\lrl ......
1 ItJnplat, tl,
nl.U'k tht.l-un, t.n \llt' t"JI {"(lg{,4Ifth( :trnl.
1.,\,,'(' 1,1thl~ t1ln('>thl tt Inlmll' j ... plkCt'(f 1
from lh('>t('I' hl)llldlr of lh(' te-w,n to :-1&11

IACJ( ""

fOOHT

RUN s TUdQKT lOGE UP

r:!tOM s.tOtAOW ON
SlOE StAt ~PPQIU ANO
~l1IETCH[R
10 IOllOMOf AJM

llG

IlGUtf It

IlK .....lIu

,'Ftg :!Io
~ n: I) rut lh, arm to fllll ,hi.'<! r.. nctl
and !l:t-nl \
"'~r Ih. front..nd oflh'

,,~,ncI
anna..~ h ""nlnf.
I:!
'.'T ....1 \T ItC)t F:-. flt;f~,re

:;,....5=emhling

Ih, urut.<' dnlled

". ot hole, on lh,
...,,1 uPI" rt toO Ih, ,:It ,lAt..- .. >Uld IlE'
attarhed lat. r (" nt. r Ihe hoI.., on lh~
lhl(.'kne1t~ f.f 'hi l'Ci,t "UJ J~)rt..~
and al thl"
locntioru nt'r~1,1In.Ig. I:!
ASS,. "'ll.\
\fl,r Ih, Jlil.,t hole~ an'
,hill'-ft, ttl" IE'I{ \llllt~ ("An Il\.' )tlllt:d :t.nr1
l'IUn1111"(1'11j.!t.'lllt'r.
WOOOSMITH

ItOUNDOvtl
.lOH1fto10
15(( flO '11

19

..
, ..
t

m( RAilS

so
....

54

...... 1..

UPPBI8ACK RAIl 0

',I> :<I:.rt hy Mil

l\l: IlK> upper

hack nul II;, ,mrl th fn .1 ra,l (I, from -,?

h>'" ..tcek tu

~_____________
~-=
FRONTAAll
,

t'

bc.'!(In on LII<lh"", I"a!J<' that

,,')nl\l,(,\ tbe ''''" IUl$('II t.t(_od k~
wut~m onk,.
10funn 111<.. I "",I 00di '" -t,
("l T TO

lOWfR BACK ItAll "

:-:0" ""rI. ean

_r

cut 1"loul!'l"l1lin)o;

AU""""IAlI
Tt1.1CK, 1 lOfofO
I',OOOOVt
CUt ATlr

..lelt!",

,,-

""1100

- =-,
2

IWDlV.lW)

f
(("'TIl

AlONT
ItAI.

..........

,,

~'C

Fig, 21.

"rl...et

('11

tln- t4'11I'1I~ lIn thv width of tht

uJ.Jkr ~nc1Io"t" back nlil:oo (G anft H), ~""-~

f.:t'H1 \11 "zc' 1111-1g-. tl
GROO\'~ Th 'la(,K f.l....
ts \\oultl normarI) be meumed to t he ,"11- b) cuttinc ~
wh l III n(':tii (If Indl\'lflual moni-~_
But
tbt-rt'"l' an P.3.i ("I' wav, 1 used a notched
pac'1 r 5tnp that'~~-t.
tntu a gro.)\-~(on lb,.:
ed oftht- raibt ......r.r to F'I!. :?:l.
'I'IK"111~ Ill1lOH' in IlK- ulI><,r back
r.UI
II....." nnd centered on the thicknc of lho:
J::nd Vic" in Fi". 21
Illil \ match tht angtl or lh, b.rek Te5t (In
lht 1 ck Itog tbe JZT"M)\t~III thi' lower bath.

raIl.....

''Ullts I: n ,tl R 1~ Itnglt'. see End \ie\\ in

1'11-1tl
~IA(t'le tollftll)s, ()lIlt the grooves are
2

...

, .

'3

.. '"

........

......at "'""
IORlGIIQOYU

IlGUItl 11

....
.......

.waH

SIIOCH

wm<
SHOUtDU

GlUi*CIt

m,.1NIO

(;tOOVrlO~

'MC)e1IHS
ftGUU ,.s

IACI<_
""'.

cut in Illi ",ils, I (,.11l notchl'flot'ImCer$trips

(I)t .. h..~1th. Ifill'. "tort with a piece u(-1
II.) tock I
\\ .11'~tllli trimmed \0 It!ngth
t(J mat"h t he
hCI\lldl r-io-shoulder lensnh
of tlK' rmls OK'" l'ijr :!:!

~o" la,' out the t -,\\ide notehed 0( I Ior tbe ba k lllal' aIonlt lhe 'I',.."r
lrip 'I'IK- nil the -<I",'" dadoes acn."
tht. trip C~otf.:11K. ",t.n.,...taJ"b. and 5tO!,~
"tha p3ce.notatbflo.~"jl! 22.)
\\'hen ~Ithe d..d..es lin CUt. rip Ihl<
J (_"('\' ttJ ru"," thl two spacer stru, see
t ~ !!:! Itlll t1l;~h &tnp to \\;eJlh ( .., ~J it
fitJl..QIugly In the ~,)\;C~ III thi" t':\i1!'>.
1).14.', tht' IOlr'JJ ... fit th~ gMX)\-C':'. glue
thlm 111111:1('''
tnakinj.!' ~Un: th:tllhc ('nds of
thi' ..tnl)11 111'(' nUl'lh '\'illl lilt' ~houklcn; of
tht, LtnClll..'I. ~'\' "'ig. 20~, "th~l) the J!lul->b
dry. lrim lh, "1"'Ol"" nu.h with lh& ~-dgeof
the mit ....t-(_'C "~iK.21
BACK SLATS

,)
8ACJ(

SlAT

.06

haI"'-..:1V1\'('('2\ to finalthi ..k:Jlt"S" to match

lh,' 'murt .......
(II'"). rflu.- !K""c p",JCCdure

1.... ~h,)\\ n

,OWl.

w:x .....

tm nub.

lhl' Il"f(unib. the

th,I1 .... n b:t<k ,1:1.. (Kl h3""lo be cut.
(,t.'T ".AT'S TO ~l/t;. Tn m.ak~ Ihe back
..la.",_ ...t.art "Ith ~\t"n "il"C\:!o 4J( ...,.? b)-"
:<look cui 2 \Old, and 10a rl'ueil I(>ngth of
1:; long. ~I)\\ ~y. th,;;:e 1)1~ in half
aJlft wn 1'W,t tht' (l'nC\' to ~:-3\\' thf'
&'llft JeJJt\)ng

20

t ht- (.ll(l~
elf each mil.
1b 01110\\ "'JI.;U.'('ftJI" th, ~1":H)\'41~(or 1he hack

2"

, ... " ,

, ...

......

lOWER BACK ItAlL

wulth vf ~

Abu ri" Ih,I,,"., .....k rail. HI to a width

of 3' Th"11 cut "II three mil. to a final
IcnJ(1.11 of a6
T.;N()N~.\11'!I' th., I';iil~fll'\" eut to size,

NOTE,

,,
,

,n

tl)

t,g. tt (In lJiIKt:h.'

To dol.nnm,' the fillllll(>nlnh ofthe !K,ck

,lat.,. rlry.a"",mble Ih, lell unit.< and the

ntil~ anti nll'a."IUrl' lh{' cli~l.j\llre bet\\-een the:

j(l'OOv~, ill Ih(> uPIl('r und lower r.til se~
l-ig_ 25, (In m~la~t.thns \\'US 13=Y~.)
WOODSMITH

ASSEMOI,Y,After thl' slat~ are Cut to

length, mount them between the "mor
tises" 011 the edges of the rails. (Don't use
any glue here. jURl let the ~laL.. "Ot)at~in
the mortises.) Then glue and clamp the leg
units and three rails lOJ{cth(r.

~.tl:~::~--------=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-~~:~~====------~-'_L
2i1:
I,.. SEAT SlATS @ I""U'~
~
e
.. _'-.
:-.
-'------11
.~..
__
1'...
'u' ::

t '1~'

-------54---

1.
,
~.i~--------------------~~~--_;
VI,

:,

SEATSLATS

Next. work can llE'gin on tl\(, seat .Iat,<,

There are five tonI( "",.t slats (L) and one
shorter slat QI) that 6", on the front between the legs, rerer to Fig, 27,
COT1'0 SIZ' To make the slats. cut six
pieces of"' by' stock to a common width of
2~,"and a rough I~ngthoH;o.see Fil(, 26,
Then to determine the Iinished length of
the seat slats (L). measure th. distance
from the outside of one front leg to the
outside of the other froDtleg, (I n my ease
this was 59'.) The finished lenjtl.h of the
front slat (M) is the distance bd,,"." the
front legs. lin my ease this \\8<; ;;'1'.)

FRONT SEAT SLAT

IiOLfDfWL

f(

...

...

r'

'r?,. i"

2'/,'

5CREW~---- Ir

...,._1' ..

FlGUU'Z1

, ,

I':'C'HAMFU AU fOG ss

',;" DUl.COUNTflt

""0'

"'$HANKHOtf

~~QI'lI

,......,1------,
UI'I'fl' ~l( IWI {

CENTER SEAT SUPPORTS

Before attaching the seal slats, I added two

center seat support, IN) cUI from "2 by'
stock to. width "f2'/'. see Fig. 27.
Th .determine the lenjtth of these sUI>POrtl5. measure the distance between (I\(,
front rail (I) and the lower back rail (H), (In
my ease this WIIS 15".)Then cut the pieces to
lengl}l and cut the same CUT\'e on the lOIJ
edge that iscuton the side seat ,uPPOrt.~().
refer to Fig, :1\).
MOlJl\'Tl;UPP<)RTS, Position th~ center
seat supports between the rails so they're
centered IT' from the legs, see fig. 27.
Then to meum them, drill eoumerbored
l'Cl'CW holes I
from the bottom edge of
the rail. and centered on the thickness of
the supports, see Figs. 28 and 29,
SCREW HOLES,Artel' the center scat
support'! are attached, drill four counterbored hole. on each slat, see Fig, 26. The
holes at each end should be positioned so
they line up with the pilot holes already
drilled in the seat supports (E). The other
t\\1'O holes are centered over the two center
seat supports (N),
After the eoumerbores are drilled.
chamfer all the edges and end. of each slat
(except the ends of the front sla~).
ASSE)18U'. Now screw down each seat

5VJ

SUPI'OIlT -

V.-

slat (L) to the side seat supports (E) at each

end see Fig. 2$"nd 29, Theil drill 'Yo,," pilot
holes through the shank holes and into the
center seat supports, And screw the slats
down in the center. Finally plug all of the
ccunrerbored holes with v," plugs,

""""'" ,.

STlfTOfER /

AGUIIl21l

WOODSMITH

flGUlE ..

'n'

"?

Yo

=""- :
...ou, """

"10~
"/,'-.lASS

.- flI WOOO5ClfWS

I~"

V,

f~'~" lL.,~r_Ji :)
-'I'

f-.-- ~

COItfItElIlA,Ct
aHTUEO UHDEI.
_"",l

"UG

....

BRACE

j I.MOO

'~

x'"

AGUUll

~----~----~

J,,,
_
'f

111 0
altASS
'" WOOC<CJtlW

CORNER

.MlO-l~/.."~S
RIo WOOOSCltlW

, :.

I'lUG

;~

CORNER BRACES

\Vben all the plu~ were cleaned off Hush. 1

added corner braces (0) under the front rail
whe.....it meet.' the from ICI,'li,S('(' Fig, 31.
Cut these braces to shape frnm 3 piece of-2
bv stock resawn to I" thick, see ~'ig.30.
Then screw the corner braces in plate, see
F'ig, 31.

Ii

I-.--'lr

HlO+<J llG

"'...,.;;;;,...:.u---;;.;{\--,-tr::
,tAct

........-~~,

".-/

"~_.I.-'-ROSTGt...

-V

t--

'

i1b.," BlASS

At

woooscafWS

"ACE"""'
PLACE

21

..

.'I'WG

.-

IA(J< ....

-...r=,. I

""'.

ct-1 -f

_.
....~

_D

-Q
;

o
o

f-<' ..

-,..,'"

1IG

_SlAI
JW

flONT .....

_ .....

COl"'.

-- 1-:- .- ..~

... ,,1 ".

$U

""""
IfG

...

...

1-

'IIAO Ii

,,"TlRIAlS

PINNING ,"f MORTIS($

..".....,.. n'Ol!l~(nly """ ""'''' ,1'1' m bill dJlIg

Illi b. ndl- pinninj: the m<on.... llM It non
JOIn"'. NnCtotMbench", !!"jnJi:to 011 .,,, i<!,
0.:. ,,000 "ill "~pandand C< tnoct.l .... lbl~
'\\, "'Inln~ tM joints, s.. 1 ptlt rltl\\\:lpin ..
Ih",.uJlh,-..ehjoint to hold itllJlhI
LI)('AnNG THE HGLE:" Centr-r Ih, hul,,,,
[or tht 111nsover the UlllJol'Jo back I':\il (1"('4
J'iH \' . rms (Fi~ s. Il and (.). and th~

bottom tretehers

_-

fWGS

.....
,'t

... AG'

'-

...,.

;0

IA

"""u c

,..,

o ,..

(}'-iJ,!.

0wr0I Dimwit

I.

I A"

SIJ_("

H __
'-"'
I

1;.3',. 56

........
oil

1"

J Slot

s.-.. s.,.

....

SIo<ol13,

2,,.,..,,,, ..1.2 t Soo. $10" (S)

f Sid. s.c..
F 8oHomSt,.t,h.n (2)
G u~aac otl

~,

UST AND CUnlNG OIAGIIAM

'1\. h.UIh"".S9 I
A t.ong eodd... ,_ .. 11,
2\11).' ... 35
st-._Loe ...... 111
2~.J ...
,."..2,. ..15
C """'-11)
D Anno(l)

"".

SIJ_'"

1"...2..,..16
l'.KIl.16

M frotIt Seat Slot

'''.,,2'':1.$6

oc.-r_(2)

c.....s....

,1. 56

-1'..54
%.2.13'.
~ 2' , .59
'-' 2''11 .. $4
l11tt."".1 S

1."h'

E). 111"1"(
.UOI' 1\\11

1,lnl\In each of the joints...th.:.tl.tlUirh thl"

front nul lind [ewer back nul (F:~ III and
e N'at upports to Ih.. "'':'.

ADth e hole., art' ee"I..red

tM hoWd('rlineofth.t~non.

r 72'

,,,, ... JI,A,

(nftQ __

,,~ (rom

\\'hen.Ulh,>

hoI. are l0<8l,"'. drill .' -<li". hok.". I .'

01" "al""'h location.
IlO".:I.I'(; PINS.For the pin-, Iu,,,1
x J
cl'"l'ling pins (~()nlt:tlm\1' ('all\>(1

r.

j(luln),!' ,1"\\',,1..,).These pil'" twuh "1)11',.) fU'

11\1t, ..I W'r.}\'t~

nlttl t (l1>er('rl

"11ft",)"lifltinto

[ r-

t h.

hilltop. alil tie (ruo.ier

.\ftcr nJ)I'I~'in~J!lut'
an.1,Iri\'hljl all tho pins 10 Ih. h"lI1>m"f Ih,'
ho l I plul!):wl them \\ uh pluJ:'ll ~I"I
C'lII the "lugs off flush

tim'' ' '

fiNISHING

S\'l".n~
IlWO to1OS1
:J

22

Ik (.,...,I
the bench, I Sil:htly ...ow.l
"I.n Ih< "'P' "",I.,.J""" with 1:"Jmt .. ,,-.1
(I;lp('r to J'I~\
eru splintet ......Th~JI I ''''''1,1'1..-1
thn, l...).;,l~ni a :-<par vanu-..h \U''Io: (Illeombination. t&,\: a.'t.iclt' on Il(I.j.!l' 1:;). \I'ttl. finall~.
I hlt,1nl~ own ~I~h to ~\ ITI~'
weary IlC'....

&._:.,,11 72"

{f~
\\'OODSMITH

AN OPEN FORUM FOR COtvVv\ENTSAND QUESTIONS

R[DWooD

STANDARDS AND GAADS

When lh" I""jl'ct~ (or this issue wen> dl

sign,'Ii, we d,-c lrl<.'IlloUI'redwood. It weukl
bt> ""t\an.llc) lU\)I.umlth11ll'{incc redwoed Is a
""ftw",.I, thethlcknesses would be the same
as 0111"'11"'1 ",mslt'UctiQnlumber. For exam1'1.."I by" lumb ..r <ouch Ill< a Lx41:iliou1d 1><.
the .w.lanl 'Y" fin.,hl'd thickness,
RUI thlS..,,\ f1"a:>...
-arily true. ~"I br"
.... 1...... 1 I bou~hl at one lumberYllrd "'ll.'
'Y"lhuk

as expected,

but 'Vlhick al
another \",,,,,1 111<'-~ bv" ,,,,h r ood ran anv-

"he .... (Tom I "thick' .., expeeted) up io

I lhICk. An.11 ~xpocted til<> I" I redwood
IJOSI.:! rur lbe lq:s all!! ann' on the 1'lU"'k1l
b<-""h lu I.. tho' ta .. 1anI oo~<tion
:31'.',
31'.'. RUI "h. n I mc""un-d tbem I rounrllimt
&orne\\\'n"'\ even Sf(UID'e. The mea,...uremr'nts run from ~' ,,"tn ~

I ".

STANOARO":-;.,"hal are the $tandard.

(fJr rt'(I ....'AH'llulnlwr1
"\\-'t

h~t\t.,1,1\(llIllccllitanuard.b for the

ifldu'lr'~' 10 (".'lI'e thaI I'('(!wood j< properly grad"d nn<li, in accord"n,,, with ~I
.p,:cification':
",,,loinl'<1 Chris Grov ....
who "ork- on Product Publicm' (or th~
California 1t(~h,,)(.1A'sociation:
....11u mill" ~p}(1II oUl prelty elo:::eto
th.,.., I.-t-I fiCHu"n- If II', kiln dr;',d br Oil'
0(11... ~or nun. andll",n 'l1Mared by Iha,
mill, tht '" \\lU be a '('.ru6ed Kiln Ori,-d'
>tamp o( the Ited"ood in>pection Sen ....
on ." ry !Joanl and It -bould IIIt'f't tm,
blJt'C1tiC'at If,,1S.
'Rul o lot oft he lumbor;" 'Old roujth and
ltK-n it's nn~nur:It.,tun."'J LO a \'ariet)~ (If
Ihirkn .....
b) dir(erent
plant" or

whul,.al'n!. It can "a.-, through. lot of

hallelt-. b('(ort it j!<'t:; lo the ton.swner an(1
the lhlekn<:",!'I.('t<,
Inu~' \,;lrj' {rom one c-l.:aJer
10 .mother. Or in t<Omcease~ it can j((>
~tl'1l.is:hl (",m Ihe mill to the market and
l

m~f\Ioi.urt' ri~ht (In the ~Jll'cjCication.'t."

Chri. ,nt mI' copy of lb. standanl

'prcifi<'llIIO'" imide book publisht-d by th~
Red"",.1 In'l"",tion &'1'\';"', The stan
<lard. are I....
' and clear. bUI there " a

"

(ootnute neXlI" the 1~' d"",-ed lhiekn~,or"2 b)" (numinal2") Iumtx,r. The footnote
MKI<"1 cIrn....t green and dry i., also
bnl9 " a1 {/flnuntd ..
Igu..,.,.the "ay .... 1"ood thicknt:"" spt.'<1&-",100:II are .PI>lied coo., up being c:Iu.... r to
hanl"",><l ltum ...,,1\\\00<1 co"""trUction m.,
teria"'. Th,", a.......,ublbhOO hanlwo<>CI
thit.:}w-ss "f)('Cificati(,~,butlhe actual fini..h
,hkknl"""_ can VllI)' I'mm dealer to deal"r.
SoftwoOO con.truction material. foUow
",x'<.inr"liuIb\ mUl'h c1o.er .ill"" they're u~
nalionally r.. , huilding construction.
WOOOSMITH

CR""I'Q

Th~ fCTt\d.n.,.,k also e:q>Wn.

th" grading -y-tern for re<lwoorl.There are

ten gtl,.I",. but Ih, Tl~I\\O<JdI round locally
\\'fUj Ul\l- til (ullr J.,'1'uclt,~:Clear All Heart,

SPlrct lleurt,
Construetiun

t'UJU\ll'uction

Heart, and

Common.

The 'Ihick n<l" ",><1 I used for the ",.t

.Iats on till' Ih,' ~."I~n bench and the'
"hl ...ls lin Ih" thai"" is Clear All Heart. It',
CUI (rom th, h,art n( the tree (no white
s:tl)" (Mad) RJlfIfIOl"n\ eomain an)' knot,...or
frulJcr (llr(~:tR

They wun't rust. :ootreak,or react. with the

tannic HtIC) like tIol"'cl screws, but they w ill
('\'t'nlullII~ uxi(11Z{'lln(t turn green. ~e\'er~
Ih,I....... I u.. ' them (or outdoor furniture,
"'",-eiflU) i( I'm going 10 eounterbore and
1,lu,: lh(

tlU!l'~,

nUl Ih, .. , one major problem with

hnUL4 M.~NV.1l-

lh('y're

SI, AAft

that thp~,

bnoak ~a .. Iy. If you' TO pulting brass

SCT(""S

Into a " 11 hard wood like oak or maple and

)'I'U l\\1.~ It Ju.~ta ..midgeon too mum. the
~admal
off,
10 I'n"~nt t.Iili< problem. tan'full) drill
!be eorreet oIze I'lkol and >hank bole and
'bon dri,, a 111",/...,...,.. aD the W3Y into the
bok 11Icn back the tr-el screw ou, and
:ttC~" the brass '<'"'w mto the aJrearl~

111(."~b\ nutt rial (or the chaise and

the "."I",,'bcnch is St-Iert Heart. Ir. a1.;,
all h.._wood
rna) .. nUlin -ome ,nWl
IIrht kllut- Alldot~r dtfects
Th, "
(or thl' It'1!'' and arm.' or tl1<>
gantrn bench u... (Qn,....truction Heart
th.....,.k.1 hoi
po-ts ."Int(' (.'lear f,r Select are hard to find
If IU" oh"" ."""nd, you may be able to
in lumber thi14thick, (~()n:,lruclioo Heart i.i fir..l or o"I(T thn.~
ether special screws for
all h>;trt \\'4)r)(1'11'1:-( ruction Common con.Mlld,.,,' l,roJ'''''I8. Mo.-;t"'" wid LO boalbuil
,it,,,, "00 ,,,,,(1(1h~(n-I,,1ll"Pthat won't ru;;t or
,.in ... ,mI' MI"\oocI,. lind I <lid havet"cut
lU'(,und Win,' "i7,(.'"loleknut. and incluclv r.,rn.lt" In ,lxtn'm('ly wet and salty. (.'Ondi
>I)me.mAIII" knol" ill the PI'OjccL(Th;. i, tiltllA,
..-helekll"\\ln~ the I'ouj[h length of alllh"
SII.II'Il'
11ItO"Z.; SCREWS. Silicon
I"Ni" ,.
1("1111111> the lumheryard help,
1.tllll1.t "'n'" dan flintilar in tOlor Lo bnu;.~
.tn!'4" ,'I" lhl> (IUl'JoIt1IJ""('an 1 \\'ork arountl all
JlCrr\\1I1,ulltl'\':It
(liIT{'renl aDO)'; Brn...~ i~
a
~
hit-tknc.~?"l
C'('JIIJCr hlMIu"r muture and brollZC i~a
Chril! .),.0 "",n'
thot til<- C.w("mia
CtlI'[K1'anc-illn I"lxtUn.'. The bNln7..c ~".~
Rt1tlAU 1 .,,~.~
n \,-nl K:'OO out a free
"un' ox dlZC fU oorrortea~ ea....il\..a._, bra,>;;.
Ib"r d.....,nbing w~re to 11." tbo And lh"fn 5l1"01I1l,r.Tm,y won\ strip out
diff, relll ~-r.wI,,,.md ..-hat to expect "r eadl.
tiCa ho~or lQI~l~of'!'a.....~ily~ b~ ....
TQobt.WI tJK. awl' tll""l "R"j" 0<><1 ~
11"r ')If')F.() (.AL'A._'IllD SCR\\'S. HC'Jt
and t ~: ",..1..... 1!.... ~Jre......u tam",,1
d PI><-d phanU'A-d ~re"s are made by
M\~k'p" to tho> Calif. mia Redwood ,\.,,00- .hpl'mg bot 8t.....1 >l'reW, in moIwn rine.
3ttl,n. F"ttt H:~I\\ I Hi,.,,",,,, 3,,\, Suite ~llifl. The prol",n ~ an! the.arne as zinc platro
Mill \:,Ik'). t' l)i("nun ~1!" I
...... "., but tho bund i:< beller "" the zinc
" ..n\ na~ uff. tlr you',.. working ,,'th
OUTDOOR SCREWS
"ails UUI<!.k''''. hot dipped gal\'anized nail"
1iH.n:rJ lk)thul),t\'tl["loO(' than building un out
th" o.w~that (,... 1 and look rougb - an:
dD(>rIlmjt"'t ,uI<1thon ""Iching Ih~ ." ..'1 In""h bt-ll,'r than Ihp ~mo(Jth~r(~Ii"j!
t'C1'\'\\'~ or nud~ 1'<1(,\\'1\'
l'-"a('l \\ith ltK- \\ nQ11 tIC.t.ll"fl.
rt1nl('(1 \'(Jntinn,)
un(l m(ti...t \I.... to c.';'at~ dark stains allli
SIAINI,I:SS 8T&1lt. SCREWS. Stainle<s
.tn,tk I'n,hllbl)' lhe WOf"1culprit j. oak', .1""1 ...... ". h.,(,chrnme and nickelnddro
n action t~1
..t4,,\l "tl\'\\". The t.annic- aeliJ in
It, It'I' itnn to "lake it shin\' and ru~t
thl' o;\k n',I(U \\llh tm' f("r1VUSl'I1CtaI. nut it
r.~l$tAnl 'fhl'SC..KI"'\\\.
.. art..' lh~
stronge~t
ern i'w1'1J('n in JU t ult()Ut an~' "..t .... ()I)r, an~ m,"1 ,lurahle o( all. Eventually the)
IOluti"JI tv lhi1 J'n)t'lc~mi.~
to cfl,o.)_:;(' a di.tTI"'~ tum a r.-ddl.h 0:,101'. bUI like bra.,' ItIl<I
'...,,"1)r0n7~.lht!\ \\fJn', JoI.tain the wood
onl kind or """'"
21'(.' 1)t.All,:1)S<:R\I'-~-If ~OIJ go into a
~
Iht,y d"n \ ";"'<1 a> much with the
local hard..-are .10.... and a." (,,1' ,,00<1 tannIC
('OS,,", :-;tepp,"~ up from zinc plaled
KTO'"
y"n're lik"~to nt zinc platro
6r~\\ 6. The ....e &ted 5("rel:o-halt" bt-e-n run
01('<'1and b...... ocre".IO the"" othcn; doe,
thruugh an .lectn<all)-<,ha''l:",1 zmc hath
increa5~ the COlSt. Jamesto\\'n
[)i:--anrl IIOmc.. r Ih~ .hlnJ zinc.tick>- to the Inbulol'8, a mnil order ~
(or boatbuil
",,",". Rut lik" chtap !:<lIdJewelD; th~ zinc II",.,. (f.'(' S<,uree., p.1~e :ltI. tis", the (01
f,lltllng IlukkJ~' \, (ars Nr chi,)$. off. .-\n(1 10\\ 1111(l'' (ur one hund~-d No. R x I',
then they Ml,t and "'rro<jp Inhumid or weI flalh,",rwooc1 ""TOW"''\Dc plated ,tee! oon(lilic.ln.~,
$1.6;;; hm diI'Jl,~1~alv.nih'tl.tL'(!) - $2.80;
"MASSA('n,," S. The uther wO<Jdsc",w~ bra', - $2.!IO: "tailliess ~lee1 - Sol.OO;
..,,,ally found locally aro made from bra:;s. ,ilicon hron:w -Sol.&>.

wt

"t',

r""

.n."

rOl1l'"""

am,

23

Sources
I ment bits (ora drill ",,:lIS morusrng kit. \\'.

CHAISE LONGUE

Ju.t boullht the blts, not the entire kit. and

r.. und th.!' work ~
{or mort ....,. ~
.. Jlllrl'8lHg H I we used (or ,'''' gardCfI
bench IS ':-;0. 9 HT ~ 1217,$1 O'J.

be boul!lu

All of lhe IX"'-- (Of' til< ~.....,

IoraQv'/111.& 2).30'"\ ... 'trn/'III/~.'if2l.I't

Wl<lc x .r foldffi Ien~'1h. 1'(1 "1..,,,,( S('Tf1('8
1121. :\1), h X 0/,., "'llllltrlill HnJli.1f ~r.;C""reIf"(or
IIth.r metal, see belewj, ~o.tl x J ~." (minl-

~Ihout 31"t

fIOUnli..

(),1

"0 ha, e found an

\ltld""",,1 Plnslj~ Rt.... (;I.u. lib .. Onl.,..

So. 0203. $3.30. \lt/,'ro,)// Rt' s (Jn;il tl'
11,,1.'1'''''1' GI", Y. ,,;nl. (lnl.r ;>;0. tJ:t!I;,

"'ttCjl'~MITH, I".

11".,1. Bronx XY IIIlnl,

$1(1 minimum nrdur. Cata,lfJJ,t:

$1 110). Y,' I'llIq (' ,,,, ,', Order

c~XJ21J7.\. S6.OCJ. /'1"(1

~o '.....
XI20i. $6,\45.
(l 'HIO:-;S. \\"

bought

('j,ttrr.

:"".
()nftr

the cushions

oholl'J1 In rbe I,hol<>grn"hat 8 local .lon

that tame:-- eutdoor furniture The) 'rc
C".ll('l'(t-("hai:;e rtv1itl.(llltlll Cll...hit,nl:>."

t~10

1'00 Ao,:"nue.

and set... ($-1" t" 'I hi.,tn' shown

tht' Guill",. &,.'( c f'
l' NV
ttl $27)

&'. ( ,

'I~

. 'i.Onter No. ~ ,n2, $.I;; '.'.

~'OOIX'R.\f-'- stl'PI'

,\, enue, [le,,' \\ S7

Wobur-n '1,\ Ol8K
I(

atalog: Free

C'.Itt!. 11 ,.ll:mlK"
Po B x 4'IO().
KilO ~~5 1163

\\ "Imon Nlpl~ orr,

b"lh .I,.nolan! .,.1 I'" mlurn "U:WI, 10..... 1

SlCllnt hit .... :;ta If(tn' (J (IfI I, 1111111I'f) , t
:!if "i(it' X37" lonf!(,>:u:h) but tl1t,st on~ pi('t,t
I)nll.~t/,; bit:io(\ , I " I.. ,1-,
<",hions that a.... ",,101 ("."alll':!:l or 2~
"I. Onlor =--". 121111 III ~I~.'';; 1'1'1. I'"
v.ltl(.~x 72'" long) \\ould .,J~CjIi; lh(" chai:-t.
)/1.,tlll]rudl'u IllnllS t Iblt.8( .-,
t
The ~
of lhe na!ihlolU' \ arll'~ :;.li~ht.J)
, .... t of 4. ( Inkr !I: Oil bJ.\\, ~'Ufoil
d'p"ndlDJ: on the fll and tunm~ bUI it'. Pl'd Intti Iidu:ll pl'l'm
bt'ad I,.nt biu 111'\
"OOlo~I,4SI>pd
oka~ If oome rushion 0\ erla"" the -id~
of
PH'n H.<CTOR ~
nit
teel p~
the haL""
If:.oucan't find \_"'\l .. hlJ'n~ 11l"311~~
lh~)' can I ra,'lor \\. 1L....tto 01'", Un! lhe "'hef anllkt~ Ul"llt'fl-d lhruuKh IUIl:. ntail catallJj.,~ t)1lth,' bits (~hl,'\n nil I III .) marll b.)'
\uh tl--; Sf.l..{lNattN.J. ( "('l1l\l''', (l.tKJkin lh('
(;"Ill'l'al alit) i!' H\'allablt at n1(1t hArtl\\ .crt
tln1ml:r~es brol'h\l."1'~8Ul~' lhe~'
ann't
totUl'CS It'~ WM)n\:~'Il.1.Llc (ruill \\f)O('tntn
"'''''''J1 in Ih~ fullIi", nll~I,,)......, W. ("lIud ":LljlJ1l\ l~adfln_
abu\t Sfu Jt'NI '!\l 1
~r1~'t that ra.ngt-d fl"(tm ~11, tl, $J~J (It..'
I'''''me''" Ord<.,.1\. uLl71 AT. ~~rv:I
pr' Img on qualil.'.
OUTDOOR WOODS
"'to

I t you can' lind tho- j(lu,'~loeally lhat an'

m"ntifJIKod in Lh{_aruck nn I)al(~ t 1,you can
JAMt:''TOWN DISTRIIIUTORS,2l> Nar
rBj.'l<n>'t'1lAve.. Jam",11I1I n. n Ilr.!/<.').~:'<O(~
1~l:lO (Reque;1 {n'" oal8lol1\\'SI5,

~tl;JII EajO.lc:ht.~"'ltr

(>:(Itt);

OUTDOOR GlUES

11,cn'lU""

Dayton, OH 4;"111, j<ilO.foI3-7L-<;6,(Too,1

~(M}-2'l:l~Osi 1;111<"': Frh), 1r.lil11Iuallo""II"'tnt
bits ($.,

C-O~~lANTJ,t;S.

used l\\'o ~pal1lll' l'u.t"J\i',n..~(aoout

$t ~~I.
Jamestown also ....trri(.'S \\(~, SyRi.("-III
I\I~I
S!I.t~trIe)",x;l'S. "'.., cawing (or

sr

Itlfnnru,tion.
WIlIIOCRA'" SUPPL\ ('OIlVo(K<'" ndd,." ..,
abol ~I Il"illlOld 1'10" , fl " GI rr, I lh..
IInkT =--0. l)l(.'ll.GQ
i;, 1'1'01.Il'il/',,1</
" trrproo( Raomnol(;1", I VI.. Ord,r
N ~1C61.GQ. $14.2.i ppd. G: epo:rfJ 37;;
mI kil ind~ g[oll'l!. ml,UII: cups, sur
><tk'ko. lind II\.-UUct. '" I, (lnl"r K". lIP2:J.

"'i

XII , $12.!.If.I~xl.
c.,\ttttt.1T

WADV-CO~t.tANY, 161 A\'cnu(>

I'C tt,._" ,\nlental'-.

Sl'\\

N'" lOll):!;

"(.rk.

:M"'.:!I :.'t4-t2 (03tc.Jf)f! $;J,('I(II. (;-l E/_))','"

,,,Urn!. kit. Ord,.,. :\0. &lJ'r~.(lI. S20,9~.
In:.>l nt II.41;(;9 l.and,r R.oad, Chao
I: n f'wls, OH ~If~ 21';"2.1."-0770, T~<S
rl rul E:lw.q At/I t'8f1 kit includ,,rlUX! C::Ul~.~ stICU. ancllnronnatioo.
,

!,llIt

kil $'.61.1I,inl SII,:I,;,

OUTDOOR fiNISH

\00

can u'"'

8J'I)'

"I'" "am!>h "')II WIll!15.oilW"III

"""'" lhe (l1li<he\plamro on

IlUrTha"'"

r'i\j.:I'

0lIl\' !'rom:

\00 bouLI be abl. h. nnd I h,' "<Tl'''', .u.1

,1fJ\\cling pin...;;(u~t to 11JI1 tn.> nlfJrti:-.t "mel
to ,,'"!'"nto<) Io<aU)!'
I 1"tht.'Wl(f Rrrkl50R Srrr. 1':11 If'r ot h"r mt'lld

,-an 10"han! I" find on rnun~ an..,.,. of thl'

(addr,.s
abo,,) Hthlm', \\;,I'T 111,,1, R,,'<) -,
IS/.<I'I \un I.,h. Quart. Onl r SO. 9'JI's.!.U2

",,)lilt' 1")' lsee artic'lt,' o11 If.!' 1'\., ()[I' s.:~J'\"t

thal hat> all of tht':St \\'1,..1 Ht I \~'rn
ty t)r

$t:!. !li;. :'llthe1iall,1 \\i II, &' 7'" I 9 ()il :-it"(llt ,~

(~u.,rt, onler Nu. fI!lHIII.UI. $11 1:;,

If., 1 (InItUfll\lm or2-1~,

~o If. X. 2' ~ntinimumor... !.h,uv:l"'Y I'',IJ
21
X I If you r:m\ flnd the pons

ella)"r clfhtml Jumht'r but al.~( trTJ a \'an

et) (If nl(1r'(' (."(;-lMlOn lUln}. r urJ }(1UlJ! \\a}.
nul. ~hel1). oak. maJlIt , and .., and ", en
_
e.~otlindud
boru, ","",,1IOd,
I""lauk. lUod bubingaJ.
\1 I. ,'"",ton do< n\ h", 8 rmrumum
ol,lll. t}ut th.!~ \\on\
'I)(t out mWJ 'ItJaI)o.
Ulit. th",ullh th., mad ,or I I!S Th,> dll

GARDlN IIENCH

'( bci(I\\). ~"(),

"'" """" ....uro J:IuinIl

tlx'

I"('

TIlt

.,'ailabk from

"UOIlW(lR"'.H,

CIUMnat fl(JUI{"\' am.

doll.,!,;) 1ocalJ;.,

rORE.21".11
In'\1!'\ .).:i:~7-1,

I((,~tD,

(Ijll) '2'-:!I~tI!l'~f'tt: S7.;'" minimum or

tl,'. (".at41Iog; st.fl(.) IJ',U,'f/,u9 r,ll.'<, ,,:\
I

(ltL~ty

il'~

n.l .... 1 and ""tar

10aII.~)

i...
~t.I~. ('-(I,\llnt,

l'('uet out himbet' anft

',. "lllt,), lIn.' A L'11:4~

)JI)'\\t"lI'l mO~cltfi"tlight,

,1I"to'r;>;o. fllI"I,~l!')".J~.o.
tUlt tht'J,,("~u~tlaJl)' a min rntlln "\_'Ight onll'r
\lftftrl~I'C afT Th, n Ur'\ a number or (Oct b) II.. f""i~"'1rom!,,,,,): The rrunimum
"a" locutoutmort~
Ooet'lfour(-a,\or- d' .............- w,th distn..'lre. but a t) pica! miru,
Iw ""'Ihod;. (and th lea; ~xpeJID'C-!lIre mum "eillhl mi,cllt b<o .!."J) pound" 'This
It d.,.",n\ reqUlrrn IWjllan' m<,ru-1nIlclris<>J
rn<'3J1.' II mrj!bt be v.orthv. hile to t:"t ~
or att& ..hrnenl it r th,~ Iinil prcs.s i...
to U!'C Il'lh.'r Il,th """'" fri,'no!; or a "oodI<0I'~1Ilg
Scn~ )'iorti~tn~BltB
clut) t.) P~'(''Can omM'.
~'or n)l)re infonnatlt,n. J'erm $1.00 for (\
l'h\;!'i(!}it....an:- 11:-t"f 1"' t h{' 1!t",.:;. N) ~~
Ilo\\t'r 4i1lf1Hanel '11",1 ('~.talug' 3... repIH\'l_'" l)lil'(Ii....l and th~boclkl~t "llu\\' \0 Select tht

24

order them from:

Ins

number of OOIlm C. r tbe brttd

POIntb 1.- mcnl.<on ...d n lh< nnkI. "" ""'"
4-;;, A rouplcoflhebc I.,.
on!.,.,ooum

.'t~lG Ct-Tr'ERS. "fA! '\111need to nit

l'OIlIe wooden plug~ (or 1he dlAi.se (a",1
plup (nrlhe ll"'J'Il('n bench) In cover the
Plug euuers It"' a,allahl, from It
\ari('t)or~.

Sf'l

BRAD POINT

rman (l(;~), :'{o. ~ x 1""- uninimurn of 16,.

1i(T(.,.

the note above

~,'Itll-; ..'utlt'llS

Itl,l'G Cll'TTERS

Ri!lhl Boal Lumber'tu: \1,[ .. {'ondon Co.,

~,oF~"", Ave.. \\nilf> 1'lAin:<,':-;\ 106U:l;
(!III !I.I6-Illl.

."RRt;Tr ".\DE t'O\lPA'\

OUTDOOR SCIIWS

"'" ...... IJI'Ikr II", 7inc ['lat"l. "al,aniz,..1

tffi. bra,....silicon brorak, lind titainl~
01.,,1 ..,...,,,,, menlion<d on JIBI!l' Zl irom
JlIfr1eStown Pi.-tribul...... 111<~ have a "kitrang<' or ..."...,,~ blutt .. 1 and 1'hiJlip.<. eat.
n.'IIII. and 0''111",",1.) frum So. Iw No. 2lJ

'to~J4)ng."ornfn'('(';l.t.al(lgl'oho\\;n~
nil tlll'ir oUlrloor f""I<'"'''''' ""1101 tu Jamc ....
Illul

Lo\\ n

l>i~lrihutors at tl,, u(ttln.'~'" ubcl\'e,

A GOOD REFERENCE lOOK

Ill< U.:<. f(lh',\ ProdUtl& 1..001"3101")'1100d/{uIiIbookUn"fluvlll'd 011 paj:('13) has

bfton ",printed in JXl(l<'rbad<, a. Th~"<11'
oj 11'1)0(/. It" "rul,"'I" {rum \\'w<!cr,.tlll'uPl'ly (see "dol",,,. nhov,'j; Onler Xo.
1(j'1'6IC=--.SJ:l.!l5 !,pd.

<1",,,,,,.,

\\'OQOSMITH