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LIGHTING
Types of Lighting
Incandescents/Halogens.
Fluorescents.
High Intensity Discharge (HID).
Inductive.
Light Emitting Diode.
Incandescent Lamps
One of the oldest
electric lighting
technologies.
Light is produced by
passing a current
through a tungsten
filament.
Least efficient (4
to 24 lumens/watt).
Lamp life ~ 1,000
hours.
Incandescent Lamps
(contd)
High CRI (100) Warm Color (2700K)
Halogen 2900K to 3200K)
Inexpensive
Excellent beam control
Easily dimmed no ballast needed
Immediate off and on
No temperature concerns can be used outdoors
100, 75, 60 and 40 watt lamps will be going away
per 2007 law beginning 2012
Tugnsten-Halogen Lamps
A type of incandescent
lamp.
Encloses the tungsten
filament in a quartz
capsule filled with
halogen gas.
Halogen gas combines
with the vaporized
tungsten and redeposits
it on the filament.
More efficient.
Lasts longer (up to
6,000 hrs.)
Fluorescent Lamps
Most common commercial lighting
technology.
High Efficicacy: up to 100 lumens/watt.
Improvements made in the last 15
years.
T12: 1.5 inch in diameter.
T8: 1 inch in diameter.
~30% more efficient than T12.
Output Categories
Standard Output (430
mA).
High Output (800 mA).
Very High Output (1,500
mA).
Schematic of Fluorescent
Lamp
Phosphor crystals
Mercury atom
Electron
Electrode
Compact Fluorescent
Excellent color available comparable to incandescent
Many choices (sizes, shapes, wattages, output, etc.)
Wide Range of CRI and Color Temperatures
Energy Efficient (3.5 to 4 times incandescent)
Long Life (generally 10,000 hours
lasts 12 times longer than standard 750 hour incandescent lamps)
Less expensive dimming now available (0-10v dimming to 5%)
Available for outdoor use with amalgam technology
Ballasts
Auxiliary component that
performs 3 functions:
Provides higher starting
voltage.
Provides operating voltage.
Limits operating current.
Ballast Factor
DEFINITION: The fraction of rated lamp lumens produced by a specific lampballast combination
APPLICATIONS: High Ballast Factor
(1.00-1.30)
Increases output
AND energy consumption
Metal Halide
Arc tube contains
argon, mercury, and
metal halides.
Gives better color
temperature and
CRI.
EverLED-TR
Popular T8 Brand
Fluorescent
22W
34W
Equivalent
2850
85
85
5000K
5000K
10 years 10
years
20% increase
LED Applications
Successfully used today for many markets
Signs & Traffic signals (most common)
Displays (change colors for attention)
Exit Signs (most common)
Indicators and Flashlights
Under Counter & Coves
Accent
Parking Garage & Outdoor
Downlights
Food Freezers
26
Induction Lights
Induction Lighting
Type of fluorescent lamp uses radio waves rather than arc to excite
phosphor coating on lamp to glow
Advantages:
QL and Icetron: 60,000 to 100,000 hours if used 12 hours each
day will last 20 years!
Good for hard to maintain locations
Disadvantages:
Large light source difficult to control beam of light making it
inefficient for delivered and task lumens
Expensive - $200+ adder to HID
No industry standards for Induction
Induction Applications
Applications where maintenance is expensive and/or
difficult
24 hour a day.7 days a week applications
Bridges
Low Bay Industrial
Select Outdoor Lighting Applications
Long burning hour applications
Exit Signs
Old incandescent exit signs
used (2) 20-watt incandescent
lamps.
At $0.08/kWh, energy cost
for 1 sign = $28/yr.
CFL exit signs use 10 to 12
watts
Energy cost for 1 sign = $7
to $8.50/yr.
LED exit signs use 3 to 4 watts
energy cost for 1 sign = $3
to $4/yr.
Photoluminescent sign uses 0
watts, but may have (slightly)
radioactive material.
New technology claims
completely non-toxic and
recyclable.
Outdoor Lighting
Older technology for
outdoor lighting
High pressure sodium
Metal Halide
Newer technology
Compact fluorescents
LEDs
Solar street lights
(economical when
electric lines dont
need to be run in a
new installation).
=>
NEW TECHNOLOGY
Magnetic Ballasts
Electronic Ballasts
Incandescent
Halogen
Neon
LED
Manual Controls
Recommended Illumination
Levels
Activity
Illumination
Footcandles
50-75
Offices: Hallways
10-20
20-50
15-30
10-15
50-100
Libraries
30-100
Schools
30-150