in the

of the

Dr. WILLIAM D. DAR

President, InangLupa Movement

Paper presented during the 2nd Organic Agriculture National Scientific Conference
VSU, Leyte on 16-19 February 2016

Poverty, Food Production, & Population Nexus

Climate Change & Environmental
Degradation

20.1

25.2% = 25 M

Philippine Global
Hunger Index

National Poverty
Incidence

Philippines ranked 5th most

vulnerable to Climate Change
Total Degraded Land: 13.2 M ha of
the 30 M ha

Labor Force
About 1/3 (11 M out of 37.4 M is
employed in agri sector)
Unemployment is 9.1%

Agriculture Performance

142 M

Expected Philippine
Population by 2045

Agriculture contribution to GDP

shows a declining trend 10.03% in
2014
Agriculture grew an average of
2.83% from 1986-2014

Performance of Agriculture

for the period

was not impressive. The agriculture sector grew by an average of

2.7%.

6.50
5.95

6
4.82

5
4

3.75

3.60

3.30

2.85

3
2

1986-2015

1.89

1.60
0.80

1
0
C. Aquino

Ramos
GDP growth rate

Estrada

Arroyo

BS. Aquino

AHF growth rate

(Philippine Statistics Authority and Business World)

Biomass Resources
Other Renewables

Gas
21%

8%

Nuclear
6%

Coal
25%

Renewables
13%

Hydro

4%
9%

Agricultural
Crops & Byproducts

15%

Bioenergy
77%

Municipal &
Industrial
Wastes

Woody Biomass
87%

Oil
35%

Share of bioenergy in the world primary energy mix

(Source: based on IEA, 2006; and IPCC, 2007)

Status of Organic Agriculture

RA 10068
Organic Agriculture Act of 2010
aims to strengthen the states policy to promote,
propagate, develop further and implement the
practice of organic agriculture.

Reasons for Low Uptake (Rola et. al, 2016)

Costly and cumbersome Lack of government
process of organic
support for export of
certification
organic products
Slow conversion from
Low competencies in
conventional farming to
organic production
organic system
Limited knowledge on
Marketing problems
national regulations

Unorganized organic
producers

Limited skills on internal

quality control systems

Status of Organic Agriculture

Roadmap

Requirements

1. No complete implementing rules and

regulations (IRR)

1. Need for decision support information

system (database)

2. Finalization of national organic

product standards

2. Need for a stable production for

domestic market and eventually for
the global market

3. Updating the Compendium of

administrative orders

Manual of Operations
Not available

3. Need for ATI to provide IEC programs

and capacity development

Can organic agriculture feed

the worlds hunger?
Organic agriculture
cannot feed the worlds
hunger in a blast but it
could help lessen hunger.

Sustainable Land Management

To improve and rejuvenate the soils
where cultivation of suitable/best
crops according to agro-ecozones
will be key

Entry Point
Assessing the soil health status using
the stratified soil sampling.

Preparing a GIS-based soil fertility

status maps.
Developing the Soil Health Cards
with specific nutrient management
recommendations.

Bhoochetana (soil rejuvenation)

is a mission mode project of ICRISAT that harness science for
sustainable use of natural resources among farmers
and increase rainfed crop yields by 20%.

Soil health as major entry point: A case of India

SAT Soils are not only thirsty but also hungry!
Percentage of farmers fields deficient in soil nutrients
in different states of India
No. of
farmers
fields

Org.C
%

Av.P
ppm

K
ppm

S
ppm

B
ppm

Zn
ppm

Andhra
Pradesh

1927

84

39

12

87

88

81

Karnataka

1260

58

49

18

85

76

72

73

86

96

65

93

179

22

40

64

43

24

82

12

60

10

46

100

82

119

57

51

24

71

89

61

28

11

21

96

100

18

State

Madhya
Pradesh

Rajasthan
Gujarat
Tamilnadu
Kerala

Narrowing the yield gaps

Rainfed agriculture: a large untapped potential
8
Observed potential yield

6
-1

Yield (t ha )

BW1

Carrying Capacity
-1
27 persons ha

Rate of growth
71 kg ha

-1

y -1

Carrying Capacity
-1
4.8 persons ha

2
BW4C

Rate of growth
20 kg ha

0
1976

1979

-1

y -1

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

Year

2006

2010

Source: ICRISAT

Current farmers yields are lower by 2-5 folds than the achievable yields
Vast potential of rainfed agriculture needs to be harnessed

Yamang Lupa Program (YLP)

is the Philippine adaptation of the Bhoochetana concept.
It has 3 pilot regions 4,288.4 ha (as of 1st quarter of 2015)
Quezon (Luzon)
Samar (Visayas)
Zamboanga Sibugay (Mindanao)

10
Key
Messages
10YLP
YLP Key
Messages

1
Pro-active consortium partners

2
Strategic capacity development

Stratified soil
sampling technique

Comprehensive soil
analysis

Building awareness
on soil health

Demand-driven and farmer

participatory research

Best-bet crop management options

50% - 232%
yield increase after 2 years

5
7

Economic gains

9
Effective extension delivery system:
Maximizing the use of ICT

153%
average increase on net
income over farmers practice

10
Initiatives on soil health mapping

Research & Development

To achieve long term economic growth due to several challenges,
which require operative and strategic tasks like sufficient R&D
- Advocate for much greater support of research on product
development and on organic agriculture practices and systems

Philippine R&D investment

GERD (Gross Expenditure for R&D) as a percentage of GDP

among Southeast Asian countries

(at the same level as Vietnam and Myanmar)

2003, GERD was 0.14 % of GDP

2005, GERD was 0.12 % of GDP
2007, GERD was 0.09% of GDP

UNESCOs
recommended GERD

R&D Niches for OA in the

New Philippine Agriculture
OA role in minimizing carbon emission
CO2 emissions from
organic farming are,
in general, 15%30%
lower per hectare
than conventional
systems
(Soil Association 2005)

Soil carbon affects water resources. It

also has the ability to improve water
movement and retain SOM. It does not
only mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG)
concentrations but also improve the
movement of water into soil, its
transfer to aquifers, and its retention
for use in crop production

Capacity of the soil to

sequester carbon

SOM helps cement

soil particles into
aggregates that not
only conserve organic
matter but also give a
more permeable
structure

Evidence on economic
and environmental benefits
from the field

Studies in Europe which show that OA uses

about half the energy requirements of
conventional agriculture (Aubert 2007)

R&D Niches for OA in the

New Philippine Agriculture
Selling carbon credits in the
carbon market
Development of carbon
payment schemes

Multimedia production of
model farmers for others to
draw inspiration from

Regulated activity on conventional agriculture

and promotion of excessive genetic uniformity
Ex situ (Doomsday Vault in Norway) and in situ
(community genebanks, conservation on
protected areas, and on-farm conservation)
conservation

Advocacy on change of lifestyle

(esp. on consumption of goods from
production systems that are harmful
to the environment)

Intensify research on
bio-available nutritional inputs

Biosynthesis of Nano-nutrients:
A Future Prospective for Higher Crop Production
is the creation
and utilization of materials, device, system,
through the control of the properties and
structure of the matter at the nanomatric scale.
- it has the prospective to modernize the
agricultural R&D with new tools for:
molecular treatment of diseases

rapid disease detection

enhancing the ability of plants to
absorb nutrients etc.

Nanofertilizers

Chemical
fertilizers

3x increase in Nutrient Use Efficiency

80-100x less requirement to chemical
fertilizers
10x more stress tolerant by the crops
Complete bio-source, so eco-friendly
30% more nutrient mobilization by the
plants
17-54% improvement in the crop yield
Improve soil aggregation, moisture
retention and carbon build up

Agribusiness/Market
As enabling environments to spur development; emphasizes the role of public sector
and international organizations in promoting business
and even business-climate reforms including
returns to investments
- Develop export oriented organic agriculture in
conjunction with organic agriculture based rural
development

Phase I
(4 years)
Focus on rubber,
coconut, mangoes,
coffee, cacao, banana,
palm oil; other high
value crops
Attend to supply chain
gaps

Phase II
(4 years)
Strengthen agro-processing &
its linkages to production --R&D; strengthen supply chains,
upgrade commodity clusters;
provide access to technologies,
finance; regulatory &
certification system

Phase III
(4 years)
Deepen participation in
inclusive Global Value
Chain (GVC)
Present the Philippines
as an agribusiness
regional hub
(Source: RM Aldaba, DTI)

The Framework of a

New Philippine Agriculture

Vision
A Modern and Industrialized
Philippine Agriculture
Strategy: Inclusive Philippine Agri-Industrialization (IPAI)

4 Pillars

4 Sustainable
Development
Goals*

4 Major
Objectives

- Inclusive

- Food Sufficiency

- Productivity

- Science-based

- Economic Security

- Profitability

- Resilience

- Nutritional
Sufficiency

- Competitiveness

- Market-oriented

- Environmental
Security

- Sustainability

Enabling Strategies

Plans and Programs

Legislative Agenda
Note: * The attainment of the 4 sustainable development goals will ensure food security.

Thank you!

Nina Fedoroff

w.dar38@yahoo.com

http://inanglupa.weebly.com/become-a-volunteer.html