Fsi GreekBasicCourse Volume1 StudentText

Greek
Basic Course
Volume 1
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
".
GREEK BASIC COURSE
PREFACE
'reeI 8o.Ic Cur... oI..me , roviles introdu.ctory mterils moden

Greek lr tle stlent lo wisles aclieve working commd tle lngllge
cUl7'ently spoken by educated Greeks. Tle style is neitler entirely J_t/c (coUoquilJ
strictly lorml. Tle Greek ortlogrply is used lrom tle beginnig so l tle student
lens red lI Ie Ias leamed .
FS'
soken
Subsequent volumes are plnned carry tle stulent lurtler no tle grr_r nJ
vocabulary soken Greek nJ to introduce grdully tle more _ spoken and
wriuen lorms kown QS l'tlNo.a. used 10rm occsions by educated -Greeks
and commonly encountered tle press.
Tle
linguist
clrge lB
pro;ect is Serge Obolensky,
Clairmn tle Deprt.
Near Estem nd Alrican Languages.

Greek te"S Iave been provided by
Pangiotis S. Spoutzis nJ Bps liki Sapountzis, lnguge instructors.
Tlese
ment
ulors collaborted 1e
writing, clssroom testing, revision and tpe recorrling tle

entire volume, wlicl Mrs. Sapoutzis also typed. lomes C. BoBt reviewed tle Englisl
portions tle te"t lr IJtyle and cL4rity e"pression.
Tle accompnying e
direction
Gary
recorrJings were f'rodu.ced tle FSI stlios unJer t"e
lley.
lames R. Fritl, Den

Sclool Languge Studies
Foreign Service Institute
Deprtmen Stte
111
G REEK BASIC COURSE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
. . . .. . ..... ....
........ ........... .......... . .
Pref'ace
Introduct1on
Un:1t
111
x:ii1
. ....... . .. .... . .... . . ..
Symbo18 UBed
Ba8ic Dialogue
Note
Transcr1ption used
1.1
8.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Consonants
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Wr1t1ng systell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assimilat10n
. .. . . . . . . .. . ... . . ... ..
Vwels
.3
1.4
1.5
Unit
!' vwels
3
5
6
9
12
Bas i c
Dialp;us
Naatiw
Note
'18'.
2.1
'1sn't'.
Def'1n1te Art1cle
AS81Jnilat1on
Un1t 3
Narrat1ve
14
'aren't'
!' vwels
3.1
Gender and agreement
3.2
Indef'1n1te article
3.3
Def'in1te art1cle-plural
Un1t 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bas1c D1alogue
Nt.e
.. . .......
. . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . -.. . . . . . . .
. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'are'.
Palatal1zat100
8.
1 .3
4!1
. . . .... . .. . ....... ..
. . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
22
24
25
26
Ba8ic D1alogue
)0
Narrat1ve
32
Note 4.1
4.2
Ass:iJilatioo
34
Personal prooouns
35
Verb classes
35
i,v
G REEK BASIC COURSE
. . . .... ...
Imp. and Perf. stems

Pres. tense, Class
verbs
36
36
..............
Pres. tense verb 'be'
37
Unit 5
Basic Dialogue
Narrative
Note 5.1
..... .. .......
. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. ... . . .. . . . ...
41
45
Assimilation of vowels
47
Assimilation of /s/
47
Cases
Articles:
. . ... .. . .. ...... .
....
....... ...............
Accusative
48
Stress
. . . . . . .... . ..... . . ...........
Declension
... ....................
Plural
Accusative case
Noun:
Adjective:
50
50
51
51
......... .. .. .... . ..
. .. . .. . ... ... ..........
Accusative case
Class 11 verbs
47
53
54
Review (Units 1-5)

Greek writing system
.. .. . ... .
. . . .... ..... . ...
............
Review Drills
58
62
'Polite' expressions
64
Narrative
65
. ... . . . ....... . . ....... ... . . ..
Unit 6
Basic Dialogue
Narrative.
Note
66
... ... . . ......... . ...

verbs: Future.
. ........ ..... . .. . . . ...
verbs: Future continuous
....... .........
verbs: Simple Future
....... ...........
verbs: Perfective stem forms
..............
69
Class
6.1.1 Class
Class
Class
Class
verbs:
Persona:.endings
7?
Class
verbs:
Irregular perfective stem forms
73
6.1
6.1.2
Notation.
Class
verbs:
Subjunctive
. . . . .. ... . .. ....... .
........ . . . .. .... .. .
71
71
71
72
74
74
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6.7
Impersonal verb /prepi/.
75
6.8
Verb /br/ .
75
6.8.1
ImpersOI1al use ! /bori/
76
6.9
Use ! /kmos/
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Adjective /polis/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expressions of Time
6.11
76
76
Unit 7
Basic Dialogue.
Narrative
Note 7.1
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
... .. .. ... . . .. .... ...... .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
uSB
genitive case
81
84
85
7.1 .1
Genitive case-articles.
86
7.1.2
Genitive case-nouns
87
1st and 2nd Declensions
. .. ... .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . ..
87
Irregular declens ion.
90
Adjectives:
Declension
90
Adjectives:
/aft6s/,
92
7.5
Adjectives:
/pOlis/
92
7.6
Use of
Imalista/.
93
7.7
Use ! /piyno/
93
7.8
Use of
/pueena/
94
Basic Dialogue.
97
7.3
.. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .. .
/os/.
Unit 8
~arrati
Note 8.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... ..
Possessive prononns
100
103
Personal pronouns used as direct and indirect objects
103
Demonstra ti pronouns.
106
/arts/, /ekin05/
107
~nestion
~.1Se of
.. .. . ... .. . .... . . .. ....... .
words.
108
/180/
109
vero
Unit 9
Basic Dialogue.
Narrative
.. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .
113
,16
vi
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ot 9.1
3~ declensio neuter nouns 1n
/-ma/.
118
3!:~ declension nouns /to y6.1JJ./ and /to kreas/
118
Ba81c D1alogue
,a,
Narrat1ve.
123
9.1 .1
Un1t
Nte 10.1
.
. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. .
.
. . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . .... . ...
.. .. .. . ... . . . . . .. . ......
Verb 'be
verb:
Past tense personal endings.
Class
10.3
S1Jple
10.4
Use ! verb /arO/
1)0
0.5
Use ! verb /kond!Jvo/ .. ..
1 )1
Past
1 )
6 -
Dr:i1la.
Narrat1ve
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
.
. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. ... . .
,27
127
,)4
'37
.1
Basic Dialog11e
Narrat1ve.
. . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . . . . .. . . . .
Note 1,.,
Clas s
Un1t
126
10.2
R81ev (Un1S
Un1t
Past tense
cont1nuous past
145
, .2
Past verb /iJxo/. .. ..
,46
11.3
Verb /erxOlM/
146
verb8
140
. . .. .. . . . ... . . . .. .. . ..
,2
Ba81c D1alogue ..
1 S.
Narrat1ve.
'53
Note 12.1
,2.2
12.2.1
.. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .... . ....
. . . . . .. . . . . . ... . .. . . . . .. . . . ..
Vocative.
Class
verbs:
Iperative.
156
Perfect1ve Imperat1ve ..
157
Cont1nu0U8 Imperat1V8
157
1JIIpersona1 verb /ny.zi/

Un1t
'SS
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... ....
. .. . . . . . . .. . . . ... .. ...
158
1)
Ba81c
D1al~e
Narrat1w.
Nte
verbs - Present
".
. . ..
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'3.'
Class
,).2
Future and .Bubjunct1ve continu0U8

tati.
.. . . .. . . ... . . .. ....
16,
163
16S
166
166
vii
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Unit 14
Basic
Dialo;ue
Narrative
14.1
. . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . ... .... . . .......

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . .
169
171
3~2 declensin
173
Feminine nouns in !. i81
173
. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .- .. .
. . ... . .. . . . .. . ...
14.1 .2
Feminine noW1S in -{a,
14.1.3
Feminine nus in I~tital
175
14.2
Masculine nouns in
175
14.3
Numerals
175
14.4
atharevus4
-4.oal
. . . .. .. . .... . . .. . .. .
-asl . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .
. . . .. . . . ..... . . ... . . .... . . .
case
174
176
Basic Dialogue.
181
Narrative
185
enings.
Unit 15
Note 15.1
. .. . . . . .. . . . . . ...
Class
verbB:
Perfective stem fonn
. . . . . . . . . . . ...
.. . . . . . . . . . . ..
187
15.1.1
Class 11 verbs:
5imple future and subjunct1ve
188
15.2
Class 11 verbs:
5imple Past
15.3
~lass
Continuus
199
15.).1
Continuous Past in -ayal
1-89
15.4
Irregular verb IVol
190
15.5
Thid declension neuter nouns in
190
15.6
Adjective:
15.7
Indeclinable
11 verbs:
Shitt
uns
past
. . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .
.. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .
I-on/ . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. . . . .. . ... . .
. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . ....
stress
19C1'
191
Review (Units 11 - 15)

.
195
Narrat1ve.
200
Hasic Dialop:ue.
202
Narrative
205
.Jrills
Unit 16
Note 16.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ..
.... .. . . ...... .....
. . . .. . . . . . ... . . . .. .. . . . . . .
Aaverbs
Adverb1als
tiJne
208
208
16.3
Ccnparat1ve.
..
209
16.4
Superlative.
210
v111
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Cond1t1onal
. .. . . .
Adject1ve:
katharewsa Muter [ iD /- n/
. . . . .. . . ... .
. . . . . . ... . . .
210
211
Un1t 17
Ba81c D1alogue.
an-at1~
Note 17.1
UD1t
.
. . . .. .. . .... . . . . . . . .... . . . .
. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
.. .
.
nUDlrals
17.2
Decl1nable
17.3
ltemat1ve pertect1ve 8tID torm ! /lJlo/
217
218
219
18
B81c D1alCJg\l8.
Rarrat1w
Note 18.1
18.3
UD1t
Ipel't1ve
Clas8 11 verb8:
212
l'
.. . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . ... . . .. . . ..
.
. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .
.
...
. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . ... . ...

.. . ...
......
.. . . . . .. . .. .
.. . ....
m
. .. . . . .. . ... . ...
lote
19.1
223
225
Verb8 v1th pret1xe. ..
226
Pl8t
227
tense augent /e-/
Past P8rtect.
Clu. 111
wrb
1~.2 1
Clu8 111
y1iM
19.2.2
Clas.
wrb
Sten tornat1ve
Pre8ent
C1a8.
230
233
.---.--""
sutt1xe.
ruture aad 8ubjunct1ve
19.,
220
Pre8ent Pertect
Ba81c D1alogu.e
Ilarrat1w
235
235
236
237
wrb8
S1Jple
Future and Subjunct1"
19.3.2 Nta10n
.1 80
:B881c
D1alc::-.
Nan-at1ve
Note .20.1
,.
.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . ......
. .. . . ... . ... . ... ....
.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
... . . . .. . . . . .. . . ..
.
. .. . . . .... . . .. . . .. . . .
.
Fonnat1on
wrb
20.1.1
Cla8s 1
20.1.2
Class 11
20.1.3
Clus
pertect1ve
BteJ
21
243
246
246
erb8.
246
erb8
a47
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ote
20.2
Cla8s 111 verbs - 5iJnple Paa't.
247
Reviev CUnits 16 - 20)

Dri1l.s
Narrat1ve
. . . . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .
2$0
257
Uni't. 21
Ba81c Dialogue.
2 S9
Narrat1ve . .. .
26t
Note
21.1
3!2
declensin
21.2
US8
!l/
Class
neuter uns 1 /-08/
264
". ..
2~
erb8
Use /ik6s/.
~1't.
Inperat1ve.
.. . . . . . .' "
.. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. ..
264
265
22
Ba81c Dialogue.
267
Narrati.... .' - .. -. ". . . . . .' .. . . . . . . _.
269
Adjective& in /-1&/
ote 22.1
Un1't.
22.2
c:aae
22.3
Verb /1p4.rxo/
22.4
word
wrb8;
. .. . .. . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . ..... . . .. . . ... .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . ... ..... ...
Prab1bit.1ve
/rMJJdri!
. . .. . ... . .. . ..
IJperat1Ye.
271
"
a)
Ba8ic Dialogus. .
271
Narrat1e
276
Nte 23.1
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .
Pa.st part1ciple -. _.
Class 111 verbs Irregular pertect.1ve
_t.e8s.
278
280
'M1xed' conjugation .
280
Ba81c D1alogue.
.aea
Narrative
ae5
Un1't. 24
Pret1x
/uana-/
.... . . ... . . . ... . . . .....
Presen't. active participle
28
289
Bas1c D1a1o-. -.
291
Un1't.
2$
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Note 25.1
0rd1nal8.
. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . ...
297
Rsvie (Un1t8 21 - 25)
Dr1U8
.. . .... . . . .. . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . ....

. .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. . ... . .. .....
Narrat1v8
Tel1ing
)01
)03
305
01088817'
306
GREEK BASIC COURSE
/'
)
,/
...n
,..,.
'"'"
GREECE
InIernalional boundary
IndefInile boundary
DhIamerisma (RegIon)
boundary
National capital
ms
cenIer
Ra.Iroad
Road
40
40
"
80 MiIes
i
80 Kilometers
xii
G REEK BASIC COURSE
INTRODUCTION
Greek 1s the off1c1al language of the present day k1ngdom of Greece.
than 95 percent of 1ts populat1on are nat1ve speakers of Greek.
More
Other languages
spoken 1 Greece are those of small m1nor1t1es: Turk1sh. Bu1gar1an. Serb1an.

Sephard1c (spoken ma1n1y 1 Thessa1on1k1 by the descendents of Jews former1y
res1d1ng
Spa1n and Portuga1). A1ban1an and some others.
Outs1de the 11m1ts of Greece Greek 1s spoken
the ne1ghbor1ng 1s1ands.
such as Bozca Ada and Imbroz (Turkey). Cyprus. as we11 as 1 surround1ng countr1es. e.g. southern A1ban1a. southern Yugos1av1a. Bulgar1a and Turkey (Istanbu1).
It 18 a1so spoken by 1arge Greek commun1t1es 1 the Amer1cas (p.S.A Canada.
Argent1na. Braz11). 1 Europe. Afr1ca and Austra11a.
L1ke Eng11sh. Greek be10ngs to the 1arge Indo-H1tt1te (Indo-European)
fam11y
1anguages and spread over the Ba1kan pen1nsu1a somet1me dur1ng the
second m111en1um B.C.

Anc1ent Greek appears to have been d1v1ded 1nto four ma1n groups
d1a1ects:
Arcad1an-Cypr1ot1c. Dor1an. Aeo11an and Ion1an-Att1c.
the 4th century B.C. the Ion1an-Att1c d1a1ect spread
11
Beg1nn1ng
over the Greek speak1ng
terr1tor1es wh11e other d1a1ects began to dec11ne and then d1sappeared comp1ete1y 1 the'f1rst centur1es ! the Chr1st1an era.
Modern Greek presents a rather comp1ex 11ngu1st1c p1cture.
hand th1s 1anguage 1s the
older Greek;
re8~1t !
the one
a norma1 11ngu1st1c evo1ut1on from the
the other hand. however. 1ntense nat1ona11st1c sent1ments
dur1ng certa1n per10ds of Greek h1story have preserved 1ntact many morpholog1cal,
syntact1c and 1ex1cal e1ements ! archa1c Greek. As a result there are two
broad types ! 1anguage used 1 modern Greece. the IpopularI,or dh1mot1k1. and
the Iforma1 I or katharevusa. The former 1s the every-day 1anguag8 ! the
peop1e conta1n1ng 1oanwords from other languages wh1ch have been 1ncorporated
1nto the Greek 1anguage 1 the course ! 1ater Greek h1story. 'Dh1mot1k1' 18
pr1mar11y a 8poken language. that ! Greek songs and ba11ads. and does not have
a f1xed orthography. but 1s largely used by modern wr1ters ! poetry and flctlon.
The 1atter (katharevusa) 1s a consc1ous and art1f1c1a1 return to older
Greek. and 1s taught 1 schoo1s and used for off1c1a1 purposes and
1ess Ipure I form by newspapers.
a more or
S1nce the 2nd century B.C. the Greeks have d1sputed among ,themselves about
the1r 1anguage.
At that t1me 11terary men scorned colloqu1al usage. consc1ously
1m1tat1ng the c1ass1cal style

days.
the1r works.
The sch1sm has cont1nued to Our
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Flna11y. a klnd of compromlse form. drawlng unsystematlca11y from both

Idhlmot1k1 ' and 'katharevusa has evo1ved. Thls ~xture of the two. ca11ed
'
thls Course 'kathom11umenl I 1.e. Ievery-day 1anguage I has now become the
standard speech of Greece.

Not a11 standard speakers of modern Greek. however. can be assumed to use
the same m1xture of katharevusa
dhimotlk1 e1ements
the1r speech.
ratl0 may vary not on1y from speaker to speaker. but a1so may depend
sltuat10n
whlch the speaker uses the 1anguage.
The
the
Thus the same speaker may
use the extreme var1ety of dh1mot1k1 whl1e buy1ng th1ngs at a market p1ace and
then sw1tch to the extreme katharevusa when address1ng a un1verslty professor.
The genera1 trend 1s toward dh1mot1k1 wh1ch 1s the normal 'lnforma1
'
1anguage. but kathareusa 1 1ts var10us degrees ! Ipur1ty' cont1nues to be
used as the off1c1al 1anguage 1 government work (Para11ment. Courts. Rad10
broadcasts. etc.).
The spoken Greek may be represented graph1ca11y as fo11ows:
--
L U
--
- - .-
atharevusa
D1fferences of sty1e are even more consplcuous 1 the wrltten 1anguage. Bes1des
Govgrnment other publlc announcements. documents. off1clal correspndence.
etc. al1 publlc slgns
Thus.
for example. the word for f1sh1ng shop 1 every-day language 1s 'pSaradhlko I
but the slgn"over the store sayR I1khth1opolfon I ; the word grocery store
1s Ibakallko I but the s1gn says Ipandopo1ion I etc.
1 ~owns
and v111ages are wr1tten 1n katharevusa.
As far a8 the press ls concerned the

1
con~ervat1ve
newspapers are wrltten
katharevusa;'those or1ented towards the center. 1 kathoml1umen1; and those

the extreme left. 1 the extreme and sometlmes even 80mewhat art1f1c1a1
dh1mot1k1.
x1v
GREEK BASIC COURSE
The wr1tten language, therefore, may be graph1cally represented thus:

katharevusa
kathom11 unen1
dh1mot1k1
Older L1terature
Modern L1terature
Off1c1al Language
Moderate Press
Conservat1ve Press
Every-day Usage
Th1s Course
The Greek descr1bed
th1s Course 1s representat1ve
the kathom11umen1
the 'standard ' speech ! educated Greeks.

1nfluences from the other styles ! Greek the natural speech
var1ety, 1.e. that

person vary
acord1ng
As the
!
an educated
to the speaker and thus create a great var1ety
'correct I
utterances, both the most common dh1mot1k1 and kathaverusa forms are represented
the Bas1c D1alogues and Grammat1cal Notes. At the same t1me the use
extreme dh1mot1k1 or Ioverpure I katharevusa 1s carefully avo1ded.
75 un1ts and 1s d1v1ded 1nto three volumes,

each volume conta1n1ng 25 un1ts. After every f1ve un1ts there 1s a Rev1ew cons1st1ng ! a Narrat1ve whlch 1 based the vocabulary ! prev10us un1ts. 1
~dd1t1on to th1s the Revlew Un1ts ! Volume 1 have Rev1ew Dr111s 1 whlch the
student 1s supposed to supply proper forms ! g1ven words. These dr111s are
cont1nued 1 more advanced un1ts 1 connect1on w1th the katharevusa grammat1cal
forms.
atharevusa 1s systemat1cally 1ntroduced 1 the narrat1ves ! Volume 111
and the rules ! katharevusa grammar are d1scussed 1 the subsequent grammat1cal
notes. Thus the student who has completed Volume 111 ! th1s Course should
have a good foundat1on for read1ng off1c1al documents as well newspapers
wr1tten 1 katharevusa.
The follow1ng parts may be found 1 a Un1 t:
Sample Dr111s
Bas1c D1alogue
Subst1tut1on Dr111s
Response Dr111
Transformat1on Dr111s
Useful Words
tPo11te Express10ns
Correlat1on-Subst1tut1on Dr111s
'
Response Exerc1se
Narrat1ve
Top1cs for D1scuss1on
Grammat1cal Notes
The whole Course cons1sts
GREEK BASIC COURSJ
Bas1c D1a1ogues and Response Dr111s are found

w1th Un1t 2.
1.
The occurrence
each un1t.
Narrat1ves beg1n
other parts may vary.
Use
Th1s Course
Most Bas1c D1a1ogues cons1st
10 sentences.
Bas1c D1a1ogues
d1a1ogue may be d1v1ded 1nto two or three parts
more advanced un1ts the
10 to 14 sentences.
The 1nstructor reads the Greek. 1tem by 1tem. repeat1ng each 1tem (a bu11dup or a sentence) tw1ce for each student.
1tem
1mm~d1ate1y
c1at1on.
Each member
the c1ass repeats the
after the 1nstructor. try1ng to lm1tatehls (or her) pronun-
the
1nstru~torIs 110
the 1tem 1s m1spronounced by the
student. the 1nstructor repeats 1t at norma1 speed w1th the student repeat1ng
after h1m (or her) as many t1mes necessary.
After the c1ass hours each
student goes over the Bas1c D1a1ogue by 11sten1ng to the tape and repeat1ng.
dolrtg thls untl1 he knows the d1a1ogue by heart.
After the sentences
students take part
!
the D1a1ogue have been thorough1y memor1zed the
act1ng out the D1a1ogue.
the parts the f1rst t1me or two.
The 1nstructor may take one
Thls procedure 1s to be contlnued unt11
any student can take part and go through thedla10gue 11ke

2.
actor.
Response Dr1l1s
Response dr111s cons1st
and narrat1ve st1uat1ons.
~nd
quest10ns and answers based
are d1v1ded 1nto 'Response Dr111
the d1a1ogue
referr1ng
the d1a1ogue and IResponse Dr111 referr1ng to the narrat1ve. One 'rea1
s1tuat1on I 1s g1ven by the d1a1ogue and another one by the narrat1ve. The
answers to the quest10ns are. therefore. pred1ctab1e . and the student 1s
supposed to know them.
Thus. for examp1e. 1! 1t appears from the d1a1ogue that
the restaurant 1s Just across the street from the mov1e theatre. the student
must accept 1t as a 'real
'
fact and say
when answer1ng the quest1on:
1s the restaurant?I
the f1rst 15 un1ts the answers to the quest10ns
are g1ven w1th the dr111s.
dr111ed
the same way
'Where
the Response Dr111s
Therefore. these quest10ns and answers must be

the sentences
the Bas1c D1alogues.
Beg1nn1ng
w1th Un1t 16 response dr111s conta1n on1y quest10ns and the student 1s supposed
to formulate the answers
h1s own words. but h1s answers must be pert1nent to
the g1ven s1tuat1on. From Un1t 16 the Response Dr111s are 10nger dr111ed
1 the same way as Bas1c D1a1ogues. but rather take the form ! a free conversat10n based
the facts g1ven by the d1a1ogue or the narrat1ve.

xv1
G REEK BASIC COURSE
3.
Useful Words and rPo11te Expressions
memor1zed by the student

4.
'
must be dr111ed by the 1nstructor and
the same way as the Bas1c D1alogues.
Narrat1ve
The narrat1ve presents
that represented
expos1tory style e1ther a s1tuat1on s1m11ar to
the Bas1c D1alogue.
a s1tuat1on related to 1t. w1th
broader vocabulary.
The 1nstructor goes through the sentences 111ustrat1ng new vocabulary
1tems
the same way as for Bas1c D1alogue.
After the students have thus
fam111ar1zed themselves w1th the new vocabulary. the 1nstructor reads through
the whole narrat1ve at a normal speed.
closed.
The students summar1ze
narrat1ve.
The students 11sten w1th the1r books
Eng11sh as much as they understand
The narrat1ves
1
Response Dr111
and the students
''
The narrat1ves are 1ntended to be memor1zed at home and retold
the student's own words
and
the
Then the students read and translate the narrat1ve 1nto Eng11sh.
The 1nstructor then asks the quest10ns

answer them.
class the next day.
Un1ts 2 through 5 are presented both
the Greek wr1t1ng system.
transcrlpt10n
subsequent narrat1ves the transcr1pt1on
18 om1tted.
5.
SampIe Dr111s are to be treated
the same way as the sentences
Bas1c
D1algou8s.
6.
used
7.
Subst1t~t1on.
1
Transformat1on and Correlat1on-Subst1tut1on Dr11Is are to be

accordance w1th the 1nstruct1ons g1ven at the beg1nn1ng each dr111.
Response Exerc1se
Response Exerc1ses occur at the very end
each un1t.
The quest10ns of
these exerc1ses are not necessar1Iy reIated to any part1cuIar un1t.

as the student's vocabulary 1ncreases, these quest10ns beoOme
character.
The purpose
more general
a Response Exerc1se 1s to 1nduce the student 1nto a
free conversat1on with1n the scope
GraduaIIy.
h1s vocabulary.
Un1ts 2. 3. and 4 all poss1ble answers to the quest10ns are g1ven.
these answers should be dr11Ied
the same way as the sentences
AIl
the Bas1c
D1aIogues.
Beg1nn1ng w1th Un1t 5 these exerc1ses cons1st
quest10ns only, and the
student 1s supposed to be abIe to answer the quest10ns by h1mseIf.

Any answer g1ven by the student 1s cons1dered correct
and 1s good Greek.
The answer 1s corrected by the 1nstructor
1t 1s appropr1ate
1
necessary.
The student repeats the corrected answer.
11
G REEK BASIC COURSE
8.
Top1cs for D1scuss1on

These dr111s appear 1n the advanced. un1 ts
11eu of Response
Exercisc~s.
The 1nstructor presents the topics one by one and asks the members of the
c1ass to take part
the d1scuss1on.
One of the students 1s asked to develop
the top1c further and g1ve h1s reasons for agree1ng w1th the problem ra1sed by
the 1nstructor.
Another student should present h1s arguments to derend the
oppos1te po1nt of v1ew.

the two posltlons.
Another one should try to f1nd a comprom1se between
Then other students jo1n
the d1scusslon.
When one toplc
has been fully d1scussed the 1nstructor ra1ses the next controversla1 questlon.
The exerc1se goes
unt11 a11 top1cs of the un1t have been thoroughly d1scussed
and tota11y exhausted.
GLOSSARY
At the end of each volume there 1s an alphabetlcal 11st of a11 the vocabu1ary 1tems 1ntroduced
that volume.
Follow1ng each verb 1s a number 1nd1cat1ng the unlt
whlch the other
forms of the verb are 11sted.
\!
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~~~_~~_~~_~~!:_~~~!_~!!l~~!!_!~_!~_~~
~~~!:!!!!_~2~!
the ~Us!! I!~.. parentheses and quota on marks are used toge :~her (,
a more Uteral tranalation is given

Brackets [
] are used
addition to the ord1nar'j EngUsh equ1valent.

~11sh
indicate vords in the
equ1valent vhich do not
equ1valent in Greek.
ParentbeSe8
) 1Ddicate vordB vhich are in the Greek but no a noral EnElish
equ1valent.
'n1e Eng11sh side 1s not a Uteral trans1at1on
speakers ord1nar11y Ny1n ISUch a s1tuation.
bo shuld aa
explained
On
on1tted.
slant line
o~
'1be use
the Greek. but
o~
parentheses
un
Englisb
brackets
the s1tuat1on clear 1n each case.
Greek s1de. parentheses are used to 1nd1cate sounds vh1ch are
Alternate pronunciat1on
o~
8lDt1es
the same word or alternate vords are given atter a
/.
Granatical Motes, slant lines /
phrases or _entence. 1n
trnacr1pt1on vi th1n
/ are used to or~ Greek sounda, word8,

an EngU8h text.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit ,
Good norn1ng (Iyour good da ).
sas.
kalimra
kal1s~ra
Good arternoon. 2!: Good
sas.
evening. (Iyur good arternoon/

.1 ).
kalintxta sa5.
Good n1ght. (said parting).
~rete.
He110.
.C .
'-
81.
su.
p6s
bow
&/
isee/iste
you
&;
p6s
KC
,
Hw
:!e?
_11
erxar1st6
thanks (11 thaDk l
and
you
. ' !;
kesis?
and
ka1A
C ., .'!;
erxar1st
kesis?
yu?
IIJD rine, tbanks, and you?
Yes.
n.
C.c.
a,r.
are you1
!;
Good bye.
ka1l.
2!:
a::
mflista.
'..
61.
paraka16.
Please.
: Yu1re
( beg l
'~f~!~~!
aried
t.'umbers
tvo
velcOIe.
).
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~C:
trfa
three
~:
t~sera
Eur
,,~
p&nde
five
~.
Sks1
six
~f./~f.
ept4/eft'
6K~/6x~
okt610xt6
eight
l;""f:/l"".f.
eMa/erry4
nine
~ka
ten
Grammat1cal Notes
-----------------
Modern Greek
1
wr1tteo 10 Greek 1etters 1nher1ted from auc1eot Greek.
to a large extent h1stor1cal aod
In order to
ak
therefore not cons1stent on a number
1t ea81er for the student the t1rst '0 un1ts
both 10 Greelc cbaracters and 10 transcr1pt10n.

10 Greelc scr1pt and the transcr1pt10n
Tbe traDscrlpt10n used here
Greelc 1etters for a tn.
It
polnts.
th1s course are vr1tten
Beglnning ,,1th the un1t
adaptat10n
11
Qverything 18
Lat1n ]etters for l1IOst sounds and
not stric1tly speaking a 'phonetlc transcriptlon.
exp1e the 1etter / stands for one sound before
le,1/.
used only occaslonally io grammatica1 notes.
1 a
The spelllng
la,o,u/
For
and for another sound before
510ce the pronunc1ation 1s predictab1e the basis ! vhere lt occurs, a s1ng1e
letter may be used for both sounds.

The transcrlption used
th1s course cons1sts
the follov1ng 1etters and other
yi>ols:
Voels:
a,
u, e, 1
Consnants:
t,
t, ts,
V01ce1ess:
Volced:
b, d, b, g, , v, dz, , r, 1, , n,
Ic,
The acceot mark 1ndicates the 10udest syllab1e a p}rase 01 sentence and
1ndlcates a 1ess 10ud (IsecondaryI) stress.
1
The weak stress 1s unmarked.
iso1at10n (as 1n the bu11d-ups) 111 regu1ar1y have a primary stress
thls may be replaced by secondary or even by weak Btress (unmarked).
1'1.
word sa1d
1n a sentence
The stress 1n Greek
GREEK BASIC COURSE
falls a1vays
one
the last three sy11ab1es
a word.
There are three types ! phrase endings (~~: 'junctures') 1n Greek:

(the spec1a1 signs for these are
These punctuat10n
narks
11/, 1111
and
are not used
either Eng1ish or Greek ordinary spe111ng.

to the punctuat10n
'T'he cona
per10d
1.1
and
respect1ve1y).
the same vay or v1tb the
B8Jll vlI~ues
as 1n
The system used here ass1gns spec1f1c values
narks.
1,1
by a ra1sed pitch
1#1
1,1 111
1nd1cates that the intonation pattei-n precediw 1t 1s character1zed
the last stressed syllab1e
1.1 1s
the phrase.
used to 1nd1cate the end ! a pbrase accompan1ed by fal1ing p1tcb.
It may or may not correspond to a period e1ther in Greek or 1n Eng11sh spe111ng.

quest10n nark
Quest10ns
111
Greek
1ndicates a r1sing p1tch 1 questions.
w~y
be div1ded 1nto tvo categories:
,) QuestioDS vbich begin v1th a quest10n vord (such, for examp1e, as 'vbo', 'vben',
'vhere', 'hw', etc.), e.g. ,wbere are you g01ng1'
'Wbat d1d be say?' etc.
2) Quest10ns vithout quest10n vords (usually beg1nn1ng v1tb a verb 1n Greek) sucb as,
'Are you g01ng there1'
'D1d be
sa
tbat1', etc.
The bighest p1tcb in quest10ns
tbe first category
tbe quest10n vord, tal11ng
gradually to the 1ast syllab1e.

Quest10ns
the second
categ~ry
have tbe bighest p1tch
tbe stressed syllab1e
tbe 1ast vord.

Tbe p1tch 1eve1s are"
! curse,
not abso1ute, but are bigb or
lor
relat1ve to each
other.
Stress (vh1ch 1s 10udness) and p1tch (vh1ch 1 be1gbt tone) lIIWJt be caretul1y
d1st1ngu1shed.
S1nce tbe 10udest syllab1e 1s otten tbe bigbest 1n p1tcb, there
frequent1y a tendency to con!use tbe tvo.

Very spec1al attent10n
ust
be pa1d to the 1ntonat1on ! each Greek sentence.
should never be treated as i f 1t vere an Eng11sb sentence.
Tbe punctuat10n
narks
It
vill
he1p the student to say tbings correctlyj but only careful l1sten1ng, and 1mitat1on as
vell as constant and pers1stent dr111
111
g1ve
a correct prcnunc1at10n.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Tbere are
/1/
1 voe1
Soevhat
sounds in Greek:
l1ke
!!~!!!!!!,
k1rfa, k6r1,
but
h1gher, tenser and v1thout the
gl1de
1r{n!, {stera
voe1.
that
Tedhn1cally: a h1gh front

unrounded e1 [1].
/8/
L1ke e
1et.
e&6, ker6s, It1mos,
----
T8chn1cally: a (h1gber) n1d
mSros
tront unrounded voe1 [e].
/./
SOJllvhat 1jke
! 10
!!~~!:' but
kill, 4na,
RUch shorter 11 unstressed.

Techn1cally: a
w1
/0/
parakal6, pot!mi
unrounded
{a].
thch l1ke
ecbn1cal1:=
c10th.
e06, 6ra, p6ros,
a h1gher-IIIid
etxar1st6
rounded back Toel [].
/uI
.S08Vhat l1ke
~'
00 1
boot or u 10
kun6, kuldr1,
but h1gher, tenser, and
v1tbout the
g11de
kalu, ualfa
English.
Techn1cally: a h1gh back rounded

voe1
[u].
Pronunc1at1oo Dr111s
G.D.I.2
/1/
k{rios
1or6tas
fkaros
efirerfoa
1mSra
ae!na
korits1
nda
GREEK BASIC COURSE
/e/
leoforlo
et!lete
~repe
miMn
perno
t!na
patates
ner6
p~nde
Ha
/a/
trfa
6ra
4I-ostos
aeli:
kal$.
patE!ras
dra
/0/
6ra
aft6s
p6nos
mikr6s
korn
sor6s
6noma
6mikroD
ak6ma
/u!
ur4
kut6s
us{a
kun6
Ute
uJ.
kald
urans
ut!teros
Note 1.3. Consonants
/b/
L1ke b ! bob.
--Techn1cally: a voiced b11ab1al
br,
bamb4a, buk411
bt!no, blka
stop [b).
UNIT ,
GREEK BASIC COURSE
/d/
Like d
dot but with the tongue
touching the teeth.

Techn1cally:
dn, knd,
pandd,
pand6fles
a voiced dental
stop [~]
/f/
L1ke f 1 fOM.
Technically: a voiceless
f40, falakr6s, f6ros
----
furd, fflos, fe16s
labiodental sp1rant [f].
/g/
L1ke
~ 1 ~~~.
Rare except after
grernn6s, grfnya
4ngelos, 4ng1ra, 4nglos
Technically:
stp
/k/
a vo1ced dorso-velar
[gJ.
L1ke c
cot but wi tho~t
strong purf
before /1/ and

Technically:
breath.
k6ta, kano, kdpa
Fronted
/e/.
kd, kfrios
a vo1celess
dorso-velar stop [k].
/1/
be like
! !!~! (before /o~u,
a/), fronted bere /e/ aM /1/
(v1th
!l
B~PE
speakers almost l1ke
before /1/).
lA01, luluo1
lost6s, lekls, leksik6
1fma, 11p6n, 11ym6s,
l1manj, lituryf.
Technically: a yoiced apico-dental

lateral [1].
/r./
Like !!! -!
~;
may be fronted
(toards ~) iJefore /1/.
maSima,
akros, m6Xos
mikr6s,
ra, ~o
Techn1cally: a b1lab1al
/rj
Like ~ ! ~~ bef~re /a,o,u/, fronted
na6s, n01163, nus
before /e/ and /i/.
~oB,
Tech.~ical1y: 3D
n1sf, nfxta
apico-dental nasal
/n/.
~
GREEK BASIC COURSE
//
ot P2S but wi thout the strong
Like
puff
tri,
,
breath.
pueen
paraka16,
pern6
Techn1cally: a voiceless bilab1al

stop
/r/
(].
Usually a single flap or tap
tbe
tongue against the ridge behind the

upper teeth.
r6nd, 6ra, rUxo, r'vo, p6ros

korItsi,
rev1
Technically: an
alveolar flap [r'].
/s/
Like !!
! !!~~!.
s4mos, sU1a, sovar6s
Technically: a
vo1celess apico-dental spirant
Isya, 'se,
(s]
/t/
L1ke t
tot but without the
strong puff
tfnos, poti, t4ksis
breath, and with
the tonguetQuch1ng the teeth.

Techn1cally: a vo1celess apicodental stop (t J.
//
L1ke
V ! !!~!.
e'o, ',
Technically: a
vo1ced lab1o-dental sp1rant //.

//
Made by friction
tbrough as
r~r
vun6
vfxas, v6rio8
air pass1ng
tongue 1s in position
/k/.
Before /a,o,uI (or before consonants
xar4, xor6s, xdfta
follwed
oxtd,
by one
these
wlB)
the sound 1s back, l1ke German

!~!!, ~~~!!, before
follwed
by one
2~ f
/e,1/ (or consonants
these
vwels)
sound 1s front, more l1ke ch
xta61
x1m6nas,
x!rete,
xees,
:xeB
the
1 Oran
1ch.
Technically: a vciceless dorso-velar

sp1rant
(].
UT
G REEK BASIC COURSE
//
L1ke
~ ! ~~!!.
a voiced apico-denta1 spirant

//
6,
Technica11y:
Made by frict10n
through as tongue is
[).
pzo, zIte, zaxari
zum
air pass1ng
1
pos1tion
ayor4,
_1,
yra,
ynost6s
4yuros,
for / gf. (It 1 a vo1t:ed counterpart

//).
TechrI1cal1y: a v01ced
dorso-ve1ar 3p1rant
/'6/
L1ke
~~ ~~~!!:.
().
6, ad, d108
Tecbnically: a
(].
vo1ced ap1co-dental s11t sp1rant
/8/
~~ ! ~h!!!.
L1ke
1, ~ndro, 16, eks14
aniBema, B41asa, 86108
Techn1cal1y: a
auk1&~18,
v01ce1ess apjco-dental s11t sp1rant
81savr6s.
(8).
/ts/
L1ke ts
nets. Techn1ca11y: a
kor:l'ts1, ts1iEndo, tsCY
v01celess ap1co-dental aftr1cate [cJ.

/dz/
//
L1ke
<!!
1 !!:!!~.
kafedz:ls, dz{dz1kas
Techn1cally:
a v01ced ap1co-dental affr1cate
{].
L1ke l
1 l!!!~.
tsuv411, ts1 yUO
Techn1cal1y:
~,
palatal gl1de .
pe&y4,
X1ya, 6,
ky4to, y1Mka, pyite,

yeory6s,
ytona8,
al)a,
yatr6s, J4ro.,
4)"108, ya
The Qr.eek alpbabet Coos1at8
!:!~~!!:
24 1etters:
!!!!!~!:!~!~
letter
-------------
8
1
Greek:
!!!~!:!!!!~!:!~!:
/a/
Icpc
/Il.ta/
/./
/nta/
//
cf( )
/-.
/'6/
--(
/~1ta/
/e/
/lpsllon/
//
~(
/Zfta/
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Letter
!!~~~~!~E~!~~
Name ! letter
--------------
in Greek:
--------
!~_~!~~~~~!E~!~~:
/1/
/I.ta/
-&
/e/
-&
/eita/
/1/
y/JJ
/y6ta/
/k/
~()
/k~pa/
/1/
()
/Uda/
/m!
/i:
/rr/
/nI/
/ks/
/ksr/
/0/
SKO
/6mikron/
//
//
/r/
6/
/r6/
'~
/s/
/siyrra/
/t/
/t&r/
/1/
/:rpsilon/
/f/
/fi/
//
//
/ps/
//
/0/
/of'ra/
Renarks
Follw1ng
8equences
1etters are used to represEnt a s1ng1e
und:
a) !..~!:!!
~g~~~~~_~f_!~~~~~~
~~5?!~:!
/u/
/lu.1/
'nour'
/e/
/onOI1'Azete/
lit 1s called l
/1/
/1r1nikf/
'peacefu1'
-&
/1oeet6/
'
1168/
';'
.. Used
Sound
adopt'
final posi tion only

10
GREEK BASIC COURSE
b) ~~~~~!::~!!~:!
5equence
word initial position:
letters
Sound
~!~~
/b/
/bor6/
'
can l
/1.'
/d5.no/
'
dress'
/,;
/ grmn6s/
'prec1p1ce'
After
voels
the coll1blnatlons
usually stand for the sequences
/rrb/,
/rJ/,
/yJ respectlvely, e.g.
/lMr6s/
'bright'
lfv
/.rJra.s/
'an'
/.t:)l,I'fno/
/rd</
The pronunClation //, /nt/,

follwed
approvp.-t
occurs when the comblnations , ,
are
by a v.:>lceless consonant, malnly in foreign loanwords.
The combination
occurs only in t1le
niddle !
! English 'finger', 'longer' etc. e.g.
the word and represents the soI,nd
/f)r/
/4ngelos/ 'angel'.
The sound /ts/ and /dz/ are represented in Greek orthography by (- f:inal
poslt:ion)
am
respective1y, e.g. .~o
/tsi'!r/ 'clgarette '
/dzfdz1kas/ 'clcada'.
The corrbjnat:ion -YX-1n the iddle ! the ",ord corresponds tc the sound
x~
/nx/,
e. g.
/sinxorfte/ 'excuse!'.
c) Y~!~2~!~~~
The comb:inatlons and stand for /av/ and /ev/ before vowels an vclced
consonants, e.g.a:Iy6 /avy6/ 'egg f ,
a:~
/4vra/ 'breeze', uCa:
/eviJfW!rfa/
'prosperlty', and tor /af/ and /ef/ before volceless consonants, e.g.a:Cv /aftokfn1to/
Icar', a: /eftlxfa/ 'happ1ness l , a:.
/efxarist6/ 'thank yOU I
2) ~~!!!~!~!!_
The gemination (doubling)
consonants occurs only in scrlpt, not in speech.
double consonants represent slngle scunds, e.g.
/.s/ 'other', ~
/alayf/ 'change','vv /'-na/ 'Ann'.

3) ~!:!:~!!~:!
There are three accents: the acute accent /'/, the grave accent /'/, and the
11
(;RI:EK
5 (OLR~E
c1rcnmflex accent -.
4) ~~!:~!!~!~~
The signs
1r~tia1
vcwels
and
1'1
co~1nat10ns.
traditionally called 'breath1ngs' are written above a11
These signs have
mean1ng
modern Greek.
!~~_!e~!~!~e~~ 1'1 13 used to iDdicatethe 10s8 a wl, .. 't 'a'tCv.'t

/taftokini tol the car , \' \
lna.ncv61
that go up .
The diaeresis / / is wr:itten 011 or
to indicate that the comb1nat.lon !
v are
or repregerts either a di?hthong (when or
unstressed), e.g.
li,~()
/4ipnosl
'sleep1ess' or two separate vowe1 scunds (when t or ~ are stressed), e.g. ! lr"!
norn1ng'
~~~~~!~!:!~~
1,1
1s a sign ritten under some we1B withut affecting the
r.ronunc1ation, e.g. & ~'ljl
Ina
QtIs11 1" that he give'.
6) ~!~!!~~
The punctuat10n signs are 1dentica1

mark
the
Greek and Engl1sh
ece:'t
for the quest10n
senico1on.
The question ark jn Greek 1s

~~t.! ~:.5_ Phono1ogy:
ka1A
Ass1Jrd1ation
efxsrist,
kesIs7
),hen a word end1ng
lil
and the semdco1on 1s
! vwe1s.
Fme, thank
a
11.
vme1
1"
yu, and
follw
1 by
you7
!
Iieg1M11ng "11th the
1. VC1e1,
! the w1B is ass1rnHated, th'.1l1 Ikef/esS/=/kess/.
"\
51n1lar
vowe1 asII1JTd1at1cn occurs "11th certa1n other ccmb1nat1ona
vcnela
(see
later un1ts).
12:
UNIT a
G REEK BASIC COURSE
vtor.
\)
s1nxorHe.
Excuse
!.
\)
p't1
vhere
Ine
(he, she, 1t) 1s,(the7)
1 prezvIa
(the)
. ;
.
p't1 In(e) 1 prezv!a?

ek81a
Iberf.l
eIJassy
18 the
r1ght,
Eba8BY?
the r1Iht.
on the r1ght
. ..
or6
1 rrezv!a, :!ne eksi.
The &nbaBBY 1s the r1gbt.
prokseno
(the) consulate
aakr1i
tar
Im6/In'
ap6/ap
!rom
eb6
here
apo6
froJl
or6
4 LO"ra, .
!ne proksenlo 1I'.akr1a,

apo!S?
Is the Consu1ate far froa

he ?
m411sta. Ine.
Yes, 1 18.
.O"r
arjster4
1eft
O"r.6
(the) 8tat1cn
11. 'r0&6 .or;
staem6s
In(e) staeIIIs
Is the stat10n the 18?
arjster4?
~o
61. ~
not
1ne.
, 1
1s not.
13
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~'~t
kate!efan
stra1ght
o~
brost~
in front
~' ~r; o~
katefefan brostci
Sra1ght
~~6 ; ~'~t
o~.
sta,6s, :lne
ahead
The station 15 straight ahead.
katefefan brostci.
p'ra
very
<
pol
III1ch
~ <.
sas efxar:ist p.ira
Thank you very much.
[>.
Narrat1ve
~~6 ~2~!~.
stams
6 o~, ~~
to proksen:io :ine konda. a1d i
1 1~ooc4.
'near by'
'but'
prezv13 :ine makri4.

:fstera
'then', 'afterwards',
'after'
' ( < '
1 ?rezvfa,
6 .
:lne kond', 314
o~,
~~6 .
'~ '~~ .
eks1',
u~n
:lne po1f makr14 apto proksen:io.
staem6s, :lne makr14.
kistera katefe:lan
br~3t4.
:ine
proksen:io stams ki prezv1a,:ine 1 makr14
t, ~~6 '
apcM.
< '.
t!
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ka1Wra 88, pc)S 11

88
s1nxrte.
UNITa
ka1B etxarist kesfs?
pU in(e) 1 prezv!af
1 prezv!a ine eks1.
ine proJen!o ukr1& ap1
8lista, to prokaemo in.
pol! .JcrU. _.
in(e) staI ar1stera1

B8Se ine katetan broat8.
in(e) 1 presv!a ar1steraf
!ne to
6:1, 1
prolen:to e kcnaf
:1.,
:!n(e) 1 prezna k8 to prolenio kond8f
to
prezna :!ne
proledo
&eIa1.
ine _k:r1J apoM.
6xi, 1 prezvU k8 t.o
prok8edo
:Ine
pol
8kr1A.
Grammat1cal Notes
-----------------
!~!_!~!
Verb: '1s" '1sn't', 'are',
'are~'t'.
EY~ d &6 ~~;
!n(e) ar1ster47
l the stat10n the
-OX~, Y~.
61, 4 tne.
, 1 1sn't.
a&6 K~'
The stat10n and the Eb7
Y~ 6 zpu~.
pol akr1A.
The above examples 111ustrate the use

'-' 1:
k1 prezv!a !ne
18ft?
are tar.
the Greek equ1valent to the I:ngli8h verb
the ~~ person s1ngular or plural (affinative negat1ve).
'1'".11':
EY~
and
// means either (he,
she, 1t) 18 ~!: they are
Y~ / ine/ means either (he, she, 1t) 1sn't ~!:
:Jote 2.a
they aren't
Phonology: l'alatalization
/kalinta sas/
'good night'
/xi/
'no'
/mlista/
']e8'
/to
, (1) consulate'
rksen/
15
G REEK BASIC COURSE
'lbese exarnp1es 111ustrate

the tongue
'pa1atal1zed conscnants, i.e.
c.
a sim11ar position to
in saying
in
oonscnl:nts
Ergl1sh.
The fo11ov1ng consonants are pa1ata11zed (more cr 1ess, dependinc;

followed by the scund
!: /1/, Im/,
before the sounds 1 and
//.
Consonants
made w1 th
/1</
speaker) when
and // are a1an palatal1zed
Exarnp1es:
/kir10S/,
/I<!.pos/,
/1i.Brd./,
/pa]i/,
/k1tos/, /ke/, kerSs/, kp.fal1/

pol:/
/mikrs/, /mikos/, /rn1o/
/meni/, /keni/, /z6ni/

/x1JM/, /xlios/, /xwa/, /xerete/, /xeU/, /xena/.
All consonants are pa1ata1ized
befor~ //, e.g.
/nyta/, /nys/, /-qni/
/paxya/,
/lyanizna/, /lypesi/, /p~/6/
/kyo staonCs, : oeksii/, /r:rite/

/kyar1stera/, /1 maya/
/to /, /anipsy/, /arn.yCme/
'..'hen /! occurs before /8/ or /:/ the result1ng comb1nat1o~1 ! sounds 1s /mn7 a/ or
/r:r/ reSective1 (1.e. the ccb1nat1()n ! /m/ w1th a very palatel1zed // ard /."i/or //;,
/rrJa/,
~~~_~~~
/rrWazo/, karr.nYa/, /<amnyr.1/, etc.
Noun: Gender - Definite Artic1e.
1. ~ c-&6 &.~&;
:() ~ staGmS ar1stera?
\; 1. ~ ;
:(e)
1. ~6 u&
ine ~ prckeroo, makr1.{
cm !;
f;I'OUPS
wi th
re'ard
be dece1ved by these lal1e15 int.o beUcV1ng
frc
~;herels the :rmy?
prezvla'l
1 thc (!or.SI!};itofor fro;l! herfJ7
:>?
Greek nouns fall 1nto three

lJo
1 the stat10n or. thc 1eft?
the examp1es above
( stat10n ,
lIIascu1ine;
to ecnd'!r:
gerder
ascul1ne,
is a matter
feJllinine and ncuter.
Yu C
sox.
IEr.r;aSS;I', fer.irdr.e; Co;lsulate ,
neuter)
that gender is a gramatical .1'eat\:re 0.1' \ ( question ! the1r ~~~r;;!!) re.t.her t!lan a
~~~~~~
t"roups
feature (determ:ined
! un 1
"
their meaniT![s).
Greek, and .1'or
rn0st
p..ort,
'he
best way to pt:t 1t
1: thor~
YI='U car.not determ1ne what
~rcllp
are
!:!,,~
a nrun tJe1on:o;s
,6
UIT
G REEK BASIC COURSE
to by considering what the

F~1ish
As in
means.
!
there are two kinds
artic1es
Greek: definite ('the I )
~nd
1ndefinite ('a').
definite artic1es are under1ined 1 the exanp1es above.
1118scuUne defini.te artic1e,
/1/
the fininine, and
~6
Thus
/o/1s the
/to/ the neuter difinHe Sortic1e.
('1he 1ndefinite artic1e i9 disc\lssAd in Note 3.:?).

Greek nouns 1118 have varius end1ng9, e.g. - /-<a/, - /-as/,
-
/-/,
r- /-1/, - /-a/,
etc.
In Modern Grcek t."e
f~~
of a
offcrs
oe deree !
predictacility
tc 1t.s
gender, e.g. alost a11 ncuns ending 1 - /-<- /-on/ in Katr.arevusa) are neuter; a greet
number nouns end1n in - / -a/ are fer.dr..1ne;
l-iOst animate nouns end::'nr, in - / are fiJr.ininc, 10Ihereas inanilllllte n01Jnsendir.g in
- . /1/ are neuter.

-
(It should be n()t..ed~hat feminj.ne nouns endir= in
/-1/ are spelled
whereas noter nouns end"\.ne 1 /-1/ are spelled - . rer.ardlcss ! whetr.er they are
animate or
1naninate ).
'lbe major1ty ! uns (but ~: all) ending 1 -/-/ are 1118sculine.
However, the gender

endings.
a great mJl'lber
nouns r:anJ"1Ot. be predicted at a11 from
'lbe 8tudent, therefore, is advised to 1earn t:e artic1es w1th the
1e
In this
Course the art1c1e 115 regu1ar1y given whenever a new noun 18 introduced as a build-up,
cn.f6
.;.
/0 sta9Ds/.
!!~~!_~:.~ Ph0llCl10gy:
AssiJllilation
/-e/
the word /ke/ 'and'
ke8is
'and you'
kfstera
'and then'
kyo staOms
'and the st.t1"n'
1 the word /ke/ 1s fcl10wed b;' a ,",ord which begins with a w1 tl:e assimi1ation
patterr8 are ..
olln
/ke/+/e/-/ke/, . [ . /kes!.s/
(/kc/t/cs9/)
/ke/t/1/-/d/, .. /l<istera/
(/ke/+/stera!)
/kc/t/a/-IkYa/, .. ,!)q'aristera/ (/kcAi'aristerc(/)

/ke/+:/:Iku/, . G. ~.'\);,)e!X>te/
(/ke,4-/lJ!lepot,:?/)
/ke/+/o/-/lro/, c..f!<c sLa)l'1s/ (jk,+/ starns/).
17
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Pronunciation Drills
-------------------
ut1i
kuM
lem6s
ltara
lioyald
pa1Jn6s
ka1B
t.rav1&s
la.
k1ir
/r/
~
pern6
rUmeli
amzo
arnild
pr-yna
str&na
feros
rrsis
rmi
//
xar4
Mrarx.
xeri
irxondas
axins
X'Jra
s:lx
.an
mro
-/
y.Uos
meylos
Y01'jona
dyuros
.r
aypi
ayor'
nsis
a\'Sri
ylik6s
/6/
')6
ekrom
(~riJ\1a
siiiirronos
Ii6ti
~.
pDrl:~no
urr
GREEK BASIC COURSE
pe
Mndro
M:Ja
ua
//
arerit1s
Oa_sia
irea
e.a
enUs1azm6s
ana9er.a
Oalasa
irro
GraIIIIIIItical Dr111s
------------------
:n86.
1ned
staems7
1 prezvia 1ne6.
1neM i
prezVa7
to prok8en!o
BJB
to
1ne Bn
prclen!o 16.
staODSs, 1 prezv!a ke
to prok8erno7
1ne stamds k1 prezVa7
k1 prezna 1.
Bns ke
ine
1ne:J.
ke to prek8en!o7
1neM staeOs, 1 prezv!a ke to prolenio1
prokseno, 1.
!n(e) stans7
&
!ne
18.
!n(e) 1 prezv!a7
1 prezv!a !ne
be~:s1a.
!n(e)
to prouen:!o7
to prok8en!o !ne eks1a.
BnB
BmB k1 prezVa, oeks18.
ln (e)
k1 prozv!a1
pU !n(e) stam 1 prezv:ta ke to proksen!o1
1 prMv!a ke to prokseno,
eks1a.
BtB
Bms
!n(e) ar1stera.
:tne kate1un broat8.
1 prezv!a !n(e) aristera.
1 prezvia !ne katefe!an brosa.
to proksen!o !n(e) aristera.
to proksen!o !ne katefe!an brosa.
Be
k1 prezv!a !n(e) aristera.
BmB k1 prezv!a katefe!an brosa.
BeS
1 prezv:ta ke to proksenio, in(e)
Bm 1 prezv!a ke
ar1stera.
to proksenio, !ne
katefeian brost&.
19
~
G R.EEK BASIC COUR.SE
11sta,
xi,
ineU6,
ie6,
i prezv!a?
""118ta, !ne.1 xi, ine.
ie6,
to proksenio?
U118ta, . cSXi,
inc.
ista, !.1 cSxi, 6
:lne.
ine,
staem6s?
staooos, i prezvia ke to
ine..1
ine.
proksenfo?
kal1Jra
l
8&S, ps !see?
_inxor!te.
pU !n(e) 1 prenia?
ka14 efxari8tl ka14 efxari_t, kesSt
i pre.-da 1ne eks1t/ !ne k&teteanbrostl

!() apocS, ar1_tenl
_kr1A
!
to prOk8m!O akri' apo7
6xi,
ar1_tera?
!n(e) BeS'l
!n(e) 1 prema aristera7
ek81a/ne lO11
_11_~
!() _s
lne
{nel to
to
prolaen1o !() e&
pr0k8eno
!ne
kond8/
pol kr18 apo.
_11sta, mel cSxi, Mn :tn(e) ari_tera, :tne

katet!an
bro8t8/
ka tetei8l1
bro8t8.
fne &la18, d8tera
in(e) e& knd&/ !ne pU-a po1:l _kr1.i apo&d.

i11B !l
cSxi, .. in(e) ari8tera. 1ne
ela18.
ine to proksen!o
e kc:I8'l
!n(e) 1 prezvia ke to prokseno kmd8'l
au.ata,
{ne/6xi !ne . .kJ
1 pren!a !ne kood8,

1Ikr181
W to
apo&.
prolaen1o
cSxi, !ne pha po1:l ...kJ
!ne
ao
urr
GREEK BASIC COURSE
kanena (ne1Jter ton)
MS
ka16
'f6
. 6
(.)
! kanena kal~ ksenoooxlo 18 there a (Iryl)
na
(.)
, n()
no
good bo
here7
xi]yretro
to
'f K~ n.
nobody,
(the) hotel
arod
, . , ..6
Boe,
good
ksenooXo
to
any,
(the) kiloeter
ena, ena
xj.]ymetro akr
Ye8 there i8 one, a
kiloeter
(f'ar) f'ro here.
apoO.
c5:.6
. ~K.6;
'fv6
expensi ~
18 it expensi~7
!n(e) akriw7
ttin (.)
rea80nable, chep
ex1
he (8he, ) hu
orea (..)
beautitul. n1ce
ci
eyil.a (..)
l.arge
" .,
akr1v (.)
...
'f6
ci'f.
to
'fci
ci'f.
ta omtia
. 'fv6 ..
y~ ci'f..
~or.tio
(t."e) roo
(the) ros
1, !ne ft.in6, kx1
orea ke meyala /l\itia.
!\, it is reuonable and hu
nice (and) large rooms.
UnciPXEI.
ip8rx1
there i8, there ex18ts
!;
episis
a180
'f6
to
&.
i'f6.
t 6
estiatrio
iparxi ep:sis ena
(the) restaurant
ka
Is there a1so a good restaurant
21
GREEK BASIC COURSE
lana't6p 1.0 ! XOV't6:;
estiatrio eoo !<0nJ.a?
. "6
nearby?
mikr (.)
6: Iocrra, . .6
small
maiista, ena mikr
&.n6:, &6: ( 6.
aristera, al<i 1:
'Yes, there i8 a small, :Jut
1.
ver:y good , on tre 1eft.
'tt
t!
t-lhat
i ra
(the) hur
l:J .;
t! ra ine?
"'hat time is it1
. .
lne !.
It's two o'c10ck.
't6
.
't6 i:;
6 ~oo . .6:.
to efr:
(the) bus
inc to 1eofono?
\~nere i8 the bus?
tc 1eofono iJeksia.
The bU8 1s the rir,ht.
Narrative
!~_~~~~~~ . .6.
~_~~~
6:. 't.
iparxi ena
6:..
ine mikr.
'(the) bath(roam),
;;or.atio
'vith'
banyo.
'
'or'
~.!:~.!:~~~!E~
~~~~~~
'kilometers'
6 .
to ~lo ksenooo:clo
'other' (.)
"6, &'~~!~ . 6. ka1, aH. !!~~, ine pol ka1. 'th1 s (.)'
!f~ ~~~ ~~I~~~ !~~!~~_

. ! xoV't6:.
~~}~~!!_~!:_';!!~J.,!!! ~!~~,
6 kond8.
- . 't'
a'tcf. . ..6't "u '
. . 't6, .
cf 't. ..
6 la't.a't6p.o.
''.
..
't .
.
'a good and b1g taV8rn'
.''t6 ~x.
:n, .
.6. KOV'tcX a'ta&-
ena kseno6oxio, ine J{atef3ian brost8.

na ilyr.etro makria apOO.
ln(e)
fti,
a18 exi orea ke m"(8la t1a ne :>'nyo.

xi episis ena ka1 estiatrio.
xilymetra
ksen06oxio.
:Jomatia.
ena:! oio
rnakria ':), in(e) ena alo ka

cyaft e:d pol or~a
a18 ine ke pol: akrivc.
ke meyala
eM kond&,
22
mrr
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6.
~~6
~~~6~o.
!n(e) staOros. stams,
~x~ ~ 6
~Ex~ xC
ka1 estiatrio.
~~o !
exi ena
exi episis ke mia kali
to estiatrio, oe ine mea1o,
~ , ! xC ,
taverna.
! .
ine mikr6 ke ftin6, a18. i taverna, ine po1i

mei1i.
ariem:
Mt/X
endeka/en8eka
e1even
Mt
60eka
twe1ve
Mt
5ekatra
thirteen
Mt
-)ekatesera
fO\Jrteen
O~
fifteen
Mt
ekaeksi
sixteen
XT/Mt
~ekaefta~ekaepta
seventeen
MtOX/MtO
6eka0xt6/5ekaokt6
eighteen
Mt
oekaenea
nineteen
'
kosi
twenty
~~!!~-~!!!
pu
in(e) ena
1::;cno()oXo~
na
ksenobox!o, in(e) ena xiJ.ymetro ma)r.ria
apoQ.
alista,
exi meila
:tne ftin6?
~lista,
ine ftin6.
c:d.
, xi
rnc,,:-&la
kyor,~a
:'omatia7
estiat6rio7
pU in(e)
na
ena
ka1
ke 1'0 l:. orea matia.
estiatOrio.
en(a) 810 ksenoox!o, in(e)
8:10 ksenoi)ox!07
ena
xilyrretra makria apOOo.
exi afto orea ke meya1a
60~~tia7
a1ista, It
exi orea ke meila octia,
me banyo.
in (e) akriv6 af'to to
pU in(e)
cxi
ksenoooX07
alista,
staGmos?
staemos
in(e) akriv6.
ineO
konda.
ma1ista, staGms !
staGmos estiat6ri07
ena
xi. af't to estiatrio
w(e) art to est.iatrio mey810 kyakriw7
kal6
est.iatrio.
ine m1kr ke 1n.
23
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ar1n
ke p8nd.e
8Ilea
ekapMde.
ke tera
olctO ke tr!a
eca8k81 ke
eka ke
ekat8sera
okt
erdeka.
tA8era
&:10
ekap8nde.
k8na
ekapDe.
kna
ko.I.
k;yolctO
ekaeksi.
ept ky~
eka&li.
1eka k;iks!
ZIekaepU.
eka I;yept8
ZIekaenea.
ekaokt ke
Gramnat1cal
~_~~.!.
Adjective:
Gender
:lkDsi.
ok.
eksi
ekatria ke
ZIelcaenea
ekatr!a.
!koI.
Note8
Agreeent.
Bl~
:tne
kanna kal ksenooxo
eo
MOV-rt;
k0nd87
Bl~ K~;
:lne akriv67
wOx~, ~ -rv.
6xi. :lne
El~ ~ ~K ~-rt,
:lne
~ yt -rv.
ena
18
t i) .
d.
These sentences iUustrate the use
Is there a good hotel around
[1n.
mikr~ ar1stera,
poll ka1b.
here7
1 1?
1s
,
1t 's reasonab1e.
There 1s a small, very

good the 1eft.
kall ke eyiutaverna. good and big tavern.
adject1ves, wh1ch have d1fferent end1ngs for each
the three genders.

Adjectives wh1ch mooify nouns 'agree' witlI them 1n gender.
In
/ka10 !/, the noun 18 neuter, and the af"jective has neuter end1ng, 1n
24
tJ
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'tf
/ka1l taverna/ the noun is teminine, and the adjecti has a tem:inine ending.
. &.6
Adjectives which refer to a noun a1so 'agree' with the noun, as

/!ne akriv7/ ., . 't6
/xi, ine ttin/, both reterring to the neuter noun
/Oro1. 0/.
There are severa1 difterent classes
adJectives, according to their endings.
most frequent i8 that which has -; /-os/ in the ma.sculine, -

-
/-0/
/-i/
'1be
in the teinine, and
in the Duter, e.g.

.
F.
't6;
/ttins/
~1j
/ttini/
~6
/ttioo/
'cbtap'
6;
/b16s/
1j
/kal/
/ka1/
'1001'
y~o;
/meyi10s/
y~
/mea1i/
y~o
/mea1o/ 'b1g'
.6;
/1krs/
.1j
/rd.kr/./
.6
/rd.kz6/
/or~a/
An other adjective c1ass 18 represented by:
.-
/orf:os/
.;
Rear:l1' an
adjec:t1w vith
'l\o adJectives
n-
.-
/orlJo/ 'beaut.Uul'
ead1Jg 1n. wrel (_ 1 /. ./) 81'8
/enas/ '' and
ot tb:18 VPe.
; /kanenas/ '~, 80118' have the
tolloing orns:
F.
/ma/ ~~
.~
/rr18/
/4nas/
/kanena8/ /kama/~! .~ /karnY/
Other classes
adJectives
111
/4na/
/kanna/
be discussed in 1ater units.
Beg1nn1ng with Un1t 4 the three forms (nascul1ne, feminine am neuter) ! a11
adjectives "i11
follos:
gi.ven in the build-ups
6; ,
-1j, -6
ka1s,
'good'
y~o;, -, -
e10B, .-i, -
;, -, -
oreos, -a,
Sce adj.Ct1W8 vith 81088 end1ng 1
6;
-1.,
/Jake/Ibed I ; 1n.:
/k/
'bie'
'beautiful'
baw an a1ternate
!Ia'd./
K.~
.tc.
tea:1D1n. on 1n/-'/,
/IaJq./.
!~-2:.!. ID:ie.t1n1te Art1cle
1he atject1w
/mas/, /ma/2!:
, /,
Wa/,
/la/ow' 18 alo
2$
GREEK BASIC COURSE
equivalent
the English 1ndefinite article (1;,:1, 'an'):
F.
/eMs staerSS/
w~
/! 6ra/
~~ . l:pa
'a
/rrW&
staticn'
'an
indefinite art1 cle occurs only w1 th
!i2~_~~. ou:
singlar
r/
hur'
'n
'one station'
la 4n / onio/
'a
hour'
1'0011'
'one
1'0011'
nouns.
Definite Article. Plural
' ' .
/~
the rooms'
()omB tial
' /ta/of neuter def1nite article
This exaJJlple illustrates the plural fonn
'6
/to/.
The def1nite article
Eons
you have encountered up to here can be
sumar1zed
follows:
2i.
Pl.
Mascul1ne
/0/
/i/
Feminine
/1/
Neuter
'6
/1/
/to/
'
/ta/
Graatical
Dri1ls
1parn na ka ksenoooxio e8 kond81
!ne kan meyUo ksenooxio e knd.i1
iPrxi
ine kanena JJleyalo est1atrio e knd.i1
ena kal estiatri e kond8?
ipArx:i. ella
ka ()nAtio
!ne kanna JJleBlo leofono e kond8?
kond&1
1parxi ena kald loofor!o kond8?
:tne kanna JJleyalo omati kond.&1
iparxi kanella nikr ksenooxio k0nd41
!ne kanena oreo lJenoox!o kond.&1
iparxi lnena JJI1kr estiatr10 eM koncl.&?
ine kaneD8 oreo estiatrio e koncl.&1
1pirxi
kanena JJi.1' ()ona10 eM koncl.&?
:tne kaneD8 oro ti e kond.&1
prx1
kanena
:n1.kr
leo.fono eM koncl.&1
!ne
kanena
oreo leofor!o e knd.i1
26
GREEK BASIC COURSE
:!ne
kamy
!ne
lcanyi m:ilcr! tave1a
kal! taverna
!ne kanenas kals stanS kond41
kond8?
:!ne kanenas meyllos staems koooa?
k0nd8?
!ne kaJny8 eyll taverna e ko~?
ine kany8 or_ taverna ko~?
!ne kannas oreos e koma?
kanenas mikrs koma?
mili8ta, :!n (e)
cSx1,
maUsta,
6xi,
!ne
kannas 1kr.
kannas
or80s
()
k0nd4.
:Ine kan4nas eM k0nd.8.

nas
!ne
kond8.
1caMaB e
kond8.
mallsta, m(e) 8naS kond8.
kond81
6xi,
!De
naB e
koma1
:lne kaMnas
miusta,
::n (e) naB
61,
!ne
kond4.
eM k0nd4.
kanSnas e
kond8.
miusta, :!ne m!a e kond8.

, ~
!ne Jauny8 ey111 tav1rna e koooa1
!De
kanyi
tt1n!
tavma e
koma?
Ine kam!a
_Usta, ine
da e
!ne
k:an e
usta,
!ne
da .
konda.
kond8.
kond8.
kond8.
6:d., n :Ine lc8d kond8.

!e k8ny4
or8a
tavema
dllsta, !ne m!a eM kond&.
konda?
61, .n
ine Jnena ka1D estiatrio
e6c)
kond?
Icoma?
eM koma?
oro 8stiatri e
kannas
or&!s ke
na
kond&.
!ne kan8na
!)
e knd.
ena
!ne kaneM
na
!ne kanena
k0nd8.
kond8.
koma.
konda.
ma1ista !n(e) na eM koma.
kom.a?
6xi,
ine
k0rd8.
mallsta, !n(e)
6xi,
:lne kanena
t\n
milista,
6xi,
:te kanna m:ikro estiatr10
k!a
dUsta, !n(e)
6%1,
:te Jn8na t.1n estiatrio e
ine
mealos staems
on
ni1ista,
ine kanena konda.
xi,
k0nd41
kondI.
!n(e) enas
kanenas
eO kord&.
27
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ine kamnya nikr orea ke ft1n:l taverna
m4lista, m!a eM kond!.
eO kndc?
6%1, ine lua e kaooa.
kanera
mal1sta, () na e kn:a.
ine
mey:il0 oreo ke ftin estiatrio
cSx:i.,
kondA?
ine kanena
kond&.
COrre1ation-8ubstitution Dr1lls
------------------------------Substitute the 1Iords in parentheses !or the underlined 1Iord (or 1Iords)
sentences and change the fonns
articles ard. acljectives as necessary to agree with
the noun substituted.

G.D.3. ,
~_~~~_~~~~~~ koroa.
~_m1~~!_~_~~~!_~~~in (e) aristera.
(taverna)
(taverna)
~}~~!~_!~E!~! !n(e) aristera.
!_~~!!_~~_~~~~..!!!!!~ine ka~!an brost8.
(leofono)
(stams)
i mikri taverna ine katefeian brosta.
~_~~~_~!_!~~~_!~!~!~ eksia.
(staems)
(oatio)
!_~~~_~!~!'~ in(e) aristera.
~_~!~_~_~~~_~~1ne.
(ksenoOox:o)
(Jcsenooxo)
~_'!!~~!~_!!~!!~~~:tne \eksit.
()
ftin ksenooox!o !ne

-------------------
to
(prenia)
kntefe:tan ~rost8.
(taverna)
G.D.
3.2
iparx:i. _~!~_~!~~..2 e kond8?
(tAverna, omatio, BmB)
1parxi ~~!~_~!:~_~!~~e k0nd8?
(tavema,
estiatrio, )emati)
\~st.iat6r:io, leoforio, stans, taverna)
28
GREEK BASIC COURSE
pi k(e)
ena poli kal ksnOOono,!ne pnde xi~tra
na kal ksenoox!o1
aakr1& apOO/ 1n(e) e&c)
pol! makr1i/
kondi/ !ne p4ra
n lparX e
kond8 8na
kalC> kSenooxio/ () ena,kat.eteian
brost8, a18 ine pira pol! akrivd/ in(e)

na, eea X:~tra akr1a prok8en!o.
:!
&oMt1a
pol ora ke 8eyla II8tla/ 8 pol
8:1
a18
pol 1kr ona tla/
exi pira
poli kal8 cat1a ae bMyo.

:1ne l't1Jl6 art to Inoox!o?
maUata.
akr1w,
pol
al& kB
f'tin, 14
rt1n6/6x1. !ne pira pol!
pr
pol!
kal/
ke
kal/
!ne
pol
!ne f't1n6, a18
para poli n1krO/ !ne f'tin, ko kal.

B11sta,x:i
8na
pol ey810 ke kal
est1atr1o/ .usta, xi na lllikr,
!ne
pol kal/ ix: ,
akrlw/8x: ,
aU
n 1 eat1atl'io,
a1A !ne
a18
a18
pol
ine poli kal/
xi
aia .ey&l1
-in(e) oeu x11,7etra aakri8 apto

ut1atSr1o/ !n(e)
ine
&ea:tJ . ut.1atoo/1n(e) ecS ~.
katefe!an bro8U,
ine
1 {(8) .58"
arl8ter' to or!o/
CStera eka18.
pd X:1yetra
k8en0od/ !ne p8r~
xi 8taI e8t1atrio7
a14
ex1
ex1 ena, _18
_kr18 apto
poli .akri8.
l. pol!
n
kal
kali tavema/
ine poli ka1O.
ine m/ pnde/ ept&/ / cSeka.
ora ine?
ine katef'e1an brost /
pU ine to leo!'orio1
xilyetra
k(e) 1
makria apoM.
29
G REEK BASIC COURSE
!~_~~I~~~~
'breakfast '
&f
~10
&f""
e~1ete
you want
(the) cup
want
",,6
"";:6:.
",,6
""0'6:.'
(the) tea
ka'!
(the) corree
ef"" "";:6:.
""O'6:t
~ xff;
fi1dz4n1
e~1ete ~B
fi1dz4n1
Would you l1ke ('do you want')
, kar~?
a cup
tea or corree?
;:6:
1 zixar1
(the) sugar
",,6
(the) 1ellOn
ef ~
6.
f o~
""O'6:t
;:6: 6..
1em6n1
!10 !na .
zlxar1
ke
me
pol
1'd 11ke tea with a
1eni.
10 !
sugar and [a p1ece or] 1elllOn.
'
esfs
you (1. or p011te s1ng.)
""
pfnete
you dr1nk
'Ea ""
Kaff
",,6
p6s p!nete to(n)
[Hw abut]
gart 8&S?
';
",,6
af"",
e81s.
-,
to(m)
-
you?
dr1nk
unsweetened, p1a1n
xorfs
w1thout
",,6
(the) m1k
6 af""o
6:.
-y41a
to(m) blno sk~to ke

xorfs
Ala.
do you
6:
Hw
talce ('dr1nk') your corree?
sklt08. -1,
dr1nk
dr1nk 1) w1thout sugar

and w1thout m11k.
30
G REEK BASIC COURSE
mpoB
~xo
~xete
kul6r1
ta
ku1-ya
vdt1ro
1 marme1'Zla
Iff) ~x~ !., ~
ndpos t!xete kul11rya,
. o!~o xt -
psond
~:
mar1ie1.Zla7
ne
wtiro ke
Do
you by any chance have
doughnuts or bread and

butter and [some) uralade7
~xo
~JCUne
.~
friyanY
(the) toast
friyany~s
1.
~6 .
to
. &~ fv .
..
~;
we have
~H
6JC1, a14
(the) honey
~xume fr1'Yan~s
ke _11.
etlete%
but
'
honey.
have toasts and

Do you vant
16
11m th1rsty
~6 o~~.
(the) glass
krfos,
-, -
potIr1
-,
co1d
6 6
6<
p6so
hv
&
k4no
~,
~o
k'nun
they
xt ..
-/ . 6.
&vo;
rf, ke
ner6
16.
(tbe) vater
B4110 41na
potlr1 lcrJo ner6.

p6so
kMU1
a]%
mucb
Yes, and
ake,
'.
tbey do
tb1rsty.
11ke a glass
Hv
do
l d
'
cold water.
much 1s ('do they
naJce 1)1
x~
1 ora.xmi
(the)
i oraxmSs
1.
dracbna
)'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~6
.
~6 .
purbu.r
or~s.
eMa
(the) tip
!ka ne'
drachmas.
to purbuAr.
Ten W1th the
t1p.
arXzo
arxizi
he. (she, 1t) starts,
start,
beg1n
beg1ns
x.~6o
( . K.~6-
k1nimat6yrafos
: ra aMdzi
(the)
What t1me does the mov1e
kjnjrnatyrafos?
nov1
start1
at.
C1~( K~
st1s okt6
at eight
krima
It's a pityl
.6~.
oi6t1
because
f~vyo
ya
~ ~
1 p4tra
Patras
~( x~.
, .6~.
kr!ma.
stis okt6.
1t1
1.
leave
e1ght.
That's bad, 8
C1~( ~ . ~~
st1s eptA r~vyo ya
I'm leaving ror Patra8
~.
t1(m) b4tra.
Be.
Narrat1ve
~ 1 .
!~~-~!!~~~.
1 p4tra 8kr1! !e~!~
Athens'
:!.
6 ~..
'tr1p'
Q!_!~~!e~~s .
~_:~!!!~! ~ t!xun '141&.
A~6 !~_~~!!~~!2 1.
a.ft
~6.
'rrOJ
karen:!o :!ne
'taverns'
'car~'
tt1n6.
~.!:!~!! <;
~~P!~:! pol1
Are
!~!~S 3. !.
!!~~~ e~li
'he/th1s'
!~_!!~~!~~~ . .6.
~2_~~!~!!~2 :!n(e) akriv6.
kat4.
"~I~~~
you
th1rsty?'
't1cket'
they have
32
URl'f 4
GREEK BASIC COURSE
p:!nete E~~~ ts4y.
~ &~ ~a&.
'always'
E~ ~& ~y ~6 y~&
st1s ept4,
~~ n&~pa.
b4tra.
ae:!na.
al4 :!1 :!ne 0"0.
n&~pa ~ o~ v&
4~ 'A~, 4& ~6 ~~ ~
o~~ .
.
n&~pa ~ o~ &
Ex~ a~~~6~, ,
~ .
yua;
~a&'
8~ 6
Ixovv
, &
~6 ~a& x~ xou~
ptra
:!ne
ptra
me
pol
:!ne
pol meyll1.
ksenooDa,
pr6yevma1
makr1A apt1n
est1at6r1a,
.1
~xun kati,
y4la k8
ts4y.
~ ~ &.
friyan~s
me wtiro ke _11,
ste?
p:!nete.na pot:!r1 kr:!o ner6.
~6yo ~6 ~ o~ d:~6.
ptra 41
k'na me-y4lo k1n1mat6yrato.
6 a~~~~o x&~ 6x~ x~
k1niatyratos
o~~~ 60 6.
lva
n&~pa x~
x~ 6 x~~6yo. x~
4pxtte~ ~~ 6x~.
'6 ~
4, I.6~~ 6x~ ~y ~6 ~
kt.
okt6 f.vyo ya
~ ra tvy1
_kr14,
leotor:!o?
1 p4tra apt1n
aef~7
~ ' 1 :4tral
akr1y68.
raxms,
kyarx:ls1
krt_,
11
st1.
:!1.
:!ne pol:! 8BkriA apt1n aa:!na.
_l1rt.a,
tak.ld1 or401
leotor:!o teyY1 .t1. epU.
ptra
alA
..
: marme1'a.
!!
att6s, :!ne
1s1t:!r1o kAni okt6
pMda st1s
tCl..
ts4y .xete kul11rya f
pso!
~ ~ V~ ~~v
~i~;
tanrnes ke katena.
,a katen:!a
me
1()
leofor:!o ya
1 p4tra
totalc81d1
'1
po1f -orfo.
katenfa, e.t1at6ria, tayfrne.
ke ksenoooDa.
~
'xun t.a
.teda'l
ta
()
p6s p:!nete e.l. to(n) gat'?
'xun .ta katen:!a

6
keun
ra t~vyete
1
ptra
ts1y
ests ya
b:!no
8l1sta,
ku1'ya7
kat'.
kateda ~xun
~8?
1()
b4tra?
k1n1mat6yrato?
me
Irat.,. y4la
sk~to,
ke xorfs
yl1a.
lxun.
purbu4r, k4nun
ey ya
1,
ke ku16rya.
brUJlll&s.
t1(lII) b!tra stis tlpt4.
1 p4tra
'1
'na(n) bo1f _y410
k1n1matyrato.
: ra
arx:lz1
k1n1atyratos?
m4l1sta, :!ne polf
:!n(e) akr1v6s?
p6S0 k4n1
~na
k1n1matyrafos
1s1t:!r1o?
arx:!z1 p4nda st1s
kt.
akr1vs
na 1s1t:!r10 k!n1 okt6
ra~s.
GREEK HASIC COURSE
eretznata
Greetings.
6 . o~
xronya
Many happy returns.
1ete
DIU
Pleaa8 tell
poli
eps1s
ard.: 8a8
8'"kal
SaIe
to you.
6 .
ka1D
K~ ..
kal! nd8os1
Good-by8 t1U
X~.
sinxarlt.ria
Congratulat1ons.
peras~
Get.
. .
acnf;
. .
~A ~x
taks
Have a n1ce tr1pJ
...
meet
againo
e .
perte
Af'ter 1'0'1.
st1n iy8
&n exete tin ka1Dsinl
Would
d.
1'our hea1th.
:rou
be k1nd
..
IIIU
etxarstos
G1ad1y.
K~ !..
! ep1 tixU
Good 1uck (tor any
k8net.e
x8ri
Do
taOr.
undertak1n)
..ra1&s
'.
~.
Grammat1cal Notes
!~!_!t.:.l
Phon010gy: Assim1lation
/p6s plMte to(n) gaf~ sas'l/
' do 1'ou take 1'our cottee?'
() no sk~t.o/
'1 take ('drlnk') vithout sugar'.
/4vo ya 1() b4tra/
'1' 1eav1ng
above exa1es sho
/n/
p1us // replaced by
/m/
/n/
tor Patras.'
plus /k/ rep1aced b1' /ng/ (/tO!! ~~/_ /tO!! Iafd/ and
/tO!! fn!-/t!!! ~fno/ and /t1!! ~tra/.=/ti~ 2'tn/).
Voise1ess consonants //, /,
/k/
becore /b/,
/d/, /g/
vhen preceded by
/n/
C10S8
sequence.
r0110s
the
/n/ +/k/,. /ng/
as 1
/'ran gaf./
2!: /ra gaf'/
/n/+/p/= /rrb/
as 1
b:(no/
~ /to b!no/
The consonant ass1m11at10n
/n/-t/t/=
/rd/
to11oing
patterns:
(e.g. /10 ~nan denek'/ ~! /~ra denek~/ tor
/e'10
'ran tenekl/ '1 a can').
3b
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~~~_~~~
Pronoun: Fersona1 pronouns.
Au~6 L L6.
/aft ine 1 akriv/
'it JS very expensive'
u~6 ~L .
/afts
'he wants coffee'
These are examp1es

set
S1nce
eIhat1c.
proncuns
3e1i kaf~/
i t' and
he
persona1 pronouns:
/6/
!!
/e8i/
you
~6
/a!t6s/
he
U~~
/a!ti/
8he
-6
/aftrJ/
/em!s/
/es1.s/
you (plural po11te 1n.)
U'fOt
/aft!/
they
(asc.)
/art's/
they
( )
&
/aft4/
th8y (neut.)
end1n !
are RI1chless used
(fad.l1ar)
the verb 1nd1cates the person ofthe subject, personal
Greek than they are
Attent10n 1s dravn
per_on8 are. d01ng
1 Enl1sh.
poun
When they are used, they are s11ght],y
the fact that this part1cular person 1s, or these part1cular
oeMn.
should be noted that the th1rd person forms are al80 equ1valent
Erg118h 'th1s 1
Ithat"t (do-6c,-~,-6 /aft6s. -, -6/), and 'these' (U'fOt,-lc,-& /aft!, -48,

!~_~~~
persoD s1neular, present tense.
(and
l1sted
d1ctionar1e_)
1 !
-4/).
the nrst
Tbus, for ex.aple, the verb 'vant' 1s 11sted as
(11 ".nt'); 11eave' as /~yo/ (' 1eave l
),
Beg1nn1ng vith Un1t S &11 verbs occurr1ng as bulld-ups
etc.
111
but the1r Eng11sh equ1va1ents 111 be glven as 1nf1nitives, e.g.

'
2!:
Verb Classea
Greek verb8 -are referred
/eI10/
be 11sted
that fON,
/arxizol
start', etc.
Greek verbs faH
three classes. a ccord1ng
the patt.ern
the1r 1nflect10n:
Class ~ - Verbs end1ng 1 unstressed - /:0/ 1 the first person s1ngu1ar, present tense.
(a) . ~~~!~~~~~_!!!~~.! i.e. verbs which have tvo sy1lab1es tu tbe t1r8t persOD s1ngular
35
GREEK BASIC COURSE
pre8nt~ such
'
atI
/88-10/ ' "ant'
-&
/pi-no/ ' dr1nlc'
/'~o/
fxw
have' etc.
(b) polysyllab1c verbs, 1.e. verb wtdch cons1st

per8O1
s:ingular preant~ e.g.
ClaS8
!~~_~:.~
Verb:
and Cla88
Iertect1ve
Greek verbs ha'Ve two
1 incoap1ete
or
more than two syl1able8 in the t1r8t
/ar-od.-zo/ ' begjn' ~ etc.
verb8 and their subdivis10ns
11
be discussed
later un1ts.
8m Pertect1ve stems.
impertect1'Ve and perf'ect1vo.
8es:
Verb forms conta1ning

verb
8te
1JIIper!ect1ve
st111 cont1nuing
indicate
a part1cular
act10n (or state)
n ! t1Je (past~
the
present or
tuture).
Verb torms containing 8 pertect1ve
tJe
1nd1cate that
act1an
(01'
state) denoted by
verb "88 or W'ill be cap1eted at a part1cular oe ot t1JDe ( or future).

The
tel
1Jpertect1ve 8te
18
tJe te !
the verb in the present tense, 1.e. the part
verb in the present tense "hich precedes
ending, e.g.
Pre8ent tense
~r!!~:!!!_~!!
-&
-&-
8'1-
~x
&
fx-
&-
x~
arx!so
x~-
8r.Z-
etc.
The perf'ect1ve te 1 the 8te ! tbe 1Jp1 tuture or ! the verb (" Un1t 6.1).
~!:!_~:.~ Vrb:
Pre8ent tense ot Cla88 wrb.
'. 'c & 4'tx:i
~z
'ta&t.
't6v a;
Mf) f't ('tU;
orM, ke -eyala 6_t1a. 1 ha8 n1ce (nd.) large roo.
9810 na t8ay.
pc5s pinete to(n} gste sas1
Hcn
[cup ot] tea.
do you drink your cottee1
dP08 xe pso:! vUt1ro? Do )'OU happen to have bread
and butter.,
From these examp1es "e
that the verb ot the Greek verba1 sentence a111a18 1ndicate8
by 1 ending vhether the 8ubject 01' actor 18 '' (88 in
(as in
~.
f't
/mte/
')'OU
/ar.zi/ '1 Btarts').
-&
/8810/ ' "ant'),
"ant') or 'he , , 1' (88 in .
1 the aboe
'you'
/i/ '1 ha8' or
verbs belong to the Clas8 .
other verbal endings ! the present tense (ClaS8 ) are:
)6
URIT
G REEK BASIC COURSE
'you'
(,) a or8 familiar fonn for
/-1s/
(2) the 'we' end1ng - /-re/
()
the 'they' ed1ng -" /-un / ~!: -"
The
conplete
present tenS8 forms
/-une/
these verbs are, then:
~!~!~'
"
(1)
(he, she, 1t)
&
/e~lo/ C"
/pfno/
.; /~x1./ &
/e~lis/ C" .;
/p1.n1s/
/~l1/ ".
/pfni/
/~xo/
&.
/~x1/
Plural
------'
(ve)
/~xre/
&
/Mlr/ C"
/pre/
(you)
'\"
/~xete/
&'\"
/Mlete/ "'\"
/pfnete/
(they)
/~xun(e)/&"
/e~lun(e)/ " /p1.nun(e)/
Plural
~!~
'
ipxtCw
/arXzo/
iCC
/arnzUJJl!l/
ipxtCE.I;
/arXz1s/
iPXCCE'\"E
/arnzete/
AxtcE.
/arx1.z1/
ipxtCoV,,(E)
/arx1.zun(e)/
aod the personal
ni18:
Plural
~!~
-
/-0/
/-U8/
-.;
/-181
-'\"
/-ete/
-.
/-11
-ov,,()
/-un(e)/
The 'tresent tense descr1bes a act10n (or state) vh1ch e1ther 1s go1ng on at
III08nt ! speech (1'm do1 80-a0d-80') ortalces place hab1tual~ ('1 do SO-ani-80).
v
The verb8
'
dr1nk' anci
'1'
dr1nk1ng',
S1nce the verbs

alvays based on the
!2~!_!!:.~ Verb
//, ipxtCw
'
/arx1.so/, etc. -:, therefore, mean both:
beg1n' and
beg1nn1ng', etc.
the present tense descr1be
1ncomplete act10n or state they are
1~!:!!~~!!! Bn.
/1.rr/ ' be' present tense.
". .
1 r. :ine
".
pl1 :ine
'\"6
'1'
L;
The complete present tense forms
/')1.0.
1'
o'clock.
leofor:io'l
Where
the bus'l
th1s verb are:
37
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~!~~2l~!_
Plural
-------
/;e/
'
//
-&
/fne/
This verb does not belong to any
/fu.ste/
//
2! /fste/
/fne/
the verb classes and may be said to be 'irregular'.
Ur~mmatical Dri1l~
G.D.4.2-6
e [~yo
leofor10.
e ~KO ~na
~xis
~o
stis
btra
stis
apto
afts ~x! ~na kseno~oxio.
aftl fevyi stis
aptin aefna.
emds
~xume
em1s
[~vume
stis okt6 apti<m) brezvfa.
esls
~xete ~nde estiatria.
es1s
r~te
stiz
aftl
~x ksenoox1a.
aft~s [~une
es!
leofor!a.
trIa
f~vyis
apti(m)
es!
estiatria.
e ! kaf'~.
es! p!nis tsAy me

afts !! sk~to
o~ka
apti(n)
em1s
1ne sti(m) brezvfa.

1uste
sti(n) da.rerna.
ksenooXo.
es!s p!nete
kaf~
xorfs zAxa.ri.
esls 1ste sto
aft1 pInur.e
kaf~
me -yila.
aftes 1ne sto estiat6rio.
sta9ms ~x! estiatria.
kal6
kinimat&rrafos arx1zi stis
aft
pryevma.
tsAv!ne xorfs
lemi.
i J:'Atra 1116
a1na
i tav~rnes o~ !ne makriA a.
aft estiatri &~ ~x!
es1s
friyan~~s
k!nun
kafenlo
kulUrya.
ftin.
yAla !r.e pol!
aft
ksenooox!o
~x! c~ka
Oomitia.
!ne xorfs zaxari.
i zaxari !ne pol! akriv1.
estiat6~io.
stis 610 apto
lm(e) e06.
afts
yAla.
estiatria ~xun
dav~rna.
es1 !s(e) e6.
lem6i.
em1s p1D11D3 ner6.
ta
estiatr10.
6rax~s.
pol!
!ne
r.akrj4
aptin ae!na.
ra.
proksen!o !n(e)
kond4.
~xete ~na c~o 6omltio.
leofor1a
!c
kalA.
t.otaks!6i ya ti(m) b4tra !r.(e)
kal.
ta isit!ria ya
or~o.
leofor!o 1n(e) ftin!.
38
G REEK BASIC COURSE
..
Subst1tution-Correlaticn Dr111s
Change the forrn
1
(or nouns)
aft!
!~
the underlined verb as necessary
agree w1th the pronouns
parentheses.
~xo ~
8t1(m) b4tra.
kafenfo.
,
(ey6, a!t's, 8s18, esf, a!t6, emIs)
(esI, aft6s, emIs,
e.! !se sto ka!enJo.
~!~!! ~() ,ga!I?
(ey6, a!tr, em!s, aft6s, aftIs)
(a!tf, ey6, emIs, aftls, esIs)
c! ~xo ~ka raxm!s.
E!!:!~ y4la.
(esI,
8,
aft68,
a!t~s, .m,
art6)
enda !~!~i!) 6.
!~~
( ksenoono,
ey6 kyes!a, 1 prnvfa,
(,
kyo staem6s, esis)
E!n2
kaenoono
(ey6, afti,
tiY71
aft6s, a!tls, emIa, es!)
ka!'.
"tra
es!s, a!t6)
iyi 8U8 / 818 c5c81/ 8tis /
to leotorio?
68 akriA, !n(e) i
esf, aft6)
ya t1(m) bitra.
(emIs, aft!,
t. r.
aftf)
8ti8 pIoa/ 8t18 a4Ska.
!ne poU ..Jcr18/ !ne &4Ska
aptin aelna?
X1qttra
ukr18
apt1n ae!na/ &en Ine poli ukr18 apt1n

_!a, u(e) e kon..
il1at.a, ie 8
r80 ,ke
poll
/ :,
Ine poli ..-y8lo/
ilUt.a,
Ine
po]j
reo, pol ~1o.

t. 1 i
ix11c8810&0Xa/ ix1
p8tra,
ix1
t xun
18
pryew8
t.a estiatOria?
na
p8ra poli
xun
kaf'e
t8y
tawrne8/ 81 rat_u/
p~ k.
nw r1.
me y.],a ke s8xari, to/ Uun
le/ lcu1rya
pU wtiro
ke ~ , {
ke ane18a/ &4Sn 8xun,pol
kalo kafe, a18 xu pira !! kalQ
Nliata hun/
al xun
ta
61
&&0
xun
estiatria/ n4S
ta
t8q.
kateda
8xun kate
kat.,
18
ine p&nda kri08.

39
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ps
to(m) b:lno sketo/ rs zixari/ pol
p!nete tonpfe sas?
zaxari ke yila/ Cln blno kafe, pino tsBy.
exun
ta
kafena
8xun kulurya, a1& exun
nalista, 8JCU/ Cl
kulU1"ya7
fr1~S Vt1ro,ke S1'llleua/
CI&n
exun
ta katen!a kulry8, 814 8xun ta estiat6r18.

pSO linun
8xi 1
ka!'es
ke
kinun pnde CIraxmes/.ept raxaes/ eka
ta kulUrya7
t.ra Juda kal
_l1sta,
tav8rna?
ex1
nda
ka.;
al
!ne
e..u !,
pol
akr1v!/
6,
pu ine kond4 sto
ey810 k8enoox:lo.
t
exi
dra
fevyet
fevyo st1.s ept8! st18 enea/ st1.(n) Ua.
ya ti(m) btra?
i patra kiniatyrafo?
6x:i.,
ex1/ a11.
xi, ala ine pol
1krB ke akr1~B.
t{
dr (a) arxizi
arxlz1 ~D1a 81:.1s
k1niat"(T'atos?
!n(e) akr1v6s?
enea/ st1z
81:.1s
cSeka/ s1:.18
8ndeka.
Ul1st.a, :lne
pol akr1ws/ xi, C
akr1VS,
a14
ine poll
kal8/
:lne
!ne p4ra
po1l akr1w. k8 p8ra poll or8OS.

Jr8n1 *de CIraxais/ okt r88/ l:a
pso kn1 na is1tr1o?
r88/
ilcD81 CIraxaes/ t.rUda CIru8s.
40
G REEK BASIC COURSE
tlHlT S
nou
pul6
nouoaVE
pul4ne
tbey sell
no nouoaVE ./.c; c-
c:;
-f
orc.&~
or6v
C1'rc.fi
p'd pu1Ane 1s1tlr1a
sell
Where do they sell t1ckets
parakalM
p1ease?
vl~po
to
staG4rx1s
(the) stat10n-IIBster
to(n) staGmirxi
(the) stat1on-uter
(&8 d1rect obj~ct)

BotneorE
or6v
C1'rc.fi;
vl~pete to(n) staGqrxi?
Do you see the stat1on-..ster

(over there]!
ivvo
en06
to
ivvoeiorE
eno!te
6 U4.o;
1"'111os
( ) eq:1oyee
vho.
1 p6rta
(the) door
."
"BvoetorE
W6porc
or6v
W&...o, no<
c .. !.&o<1'f6
cm orlv
pd
.an
ou eM
1
h1.
the
front
ep10yee
(vho
1)
door?
b6rta?
!XEt lc\ ." fv-
c, ( nouoaVE
orf).c.
141110,
!ne brosta apt1(m)
w6porc:
6-.C1'rC,
enofte
or6
ek!
there
1 G1rIba/G1r!s
(the) t1cket v1ndcw, v1cket
m411sta. ek! In(e) 1
Yes.
There '5 a t1cket
Glr!6a pu pul4ne ta
oer ther~
isitir1a.
tickets.
1ow
where they sell
GREEK BASIC COURSE
-,
rtcs,
&faL ()
-i,
first
i Msi(s)
(the) seat, c1ass,

pos1ticn
&f
pr6tis
6 &&
& ~ &
&.
10 ~na
(the) willdow
isit!r10 pr6t1s
~BEOB,
the first c1ass
to par!eirc
f ELaLT~PLO
&f,
ases
kondi sto
want a first c1ass ticket

next to the wir.dcw.
f\ar40iro.
-,
c1stix6s
-
unfortunate1y
-
610s, -i,
a11
61es
1.
&f.
i eisis
(the) seats
.'
i amaksost1xfa /
(the) tra1r.
Tpfvo
to trlno
' L-
saft!(n) tin amakso-
in this trairl
stlxIa
Lf, -, -
pyazninos, -i,
.f
p~B
6 w.6 t
to
~ &.
1.
vagoH
st1s,
61es 1
(the) sleeping car
& '
t1s
&aoo. .
saft!(n) t1r. amakso-
..
st1xIa, !ne
& a6 6
rts e~secs
!. &.
a1!
6 .
~ka sis
aft
to
taken, occupied
Unfortvnate1y a11 the f1rst

c1a5s seats
are
taen.
th1s tra1n
Eut there are
p,~z~B.
<Ithis tra1r. has I
tr~no, ~xi
sleeping- car sEats ln th.1s
vagon1S.
tra1r..
Do you want
[]7
Be1ete . ,
&cX.
eavm4s1a
excel1ent
prct1r6
tc prefe-r
1 e140a
'&
&
st1n
e14a
Greece
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UNIT S
K-&~. ( )
i kaeistlrisi(s)
(the) de1ay
mnya pu
since
Q.! o~. ~6
rtim
eavrnasia.
', . ~ ~
vagonlf, mnya pu
" f ~ -&
t~na
..
~xun panda kaGist~risi.
stir: e1ioa,
Exce11ent.
prefer the
sleepi r,g car, since the

tra1ns
Greece are alvays
1ate ('a1vays have delay').
~6 '
fXE~E '
~xete f\cvo
you're
'
riy~no
ka61:
y~yo
yrfyora
qu1ckly. promptly, tut
wEXE~E ',
O!kyo
~xete fJ;yo
(the) r1ght, 1av
~ '
tr~na ~ ri~nun
6 ~yo.
kaecnu yrJyora.
t'i~ht
go
at a11
You're rieht, tralD8

here don1t fO fast at a11.
~6~
t6te
then
.6
l16
vell
.'
l1r1rfa
(the) 1nformat1on
t '
lir1rfs
(the) p1ecEs
T6~ .6. x'~ .
<n ;~~rtE,
yl-ell then. good bye and
x.~ . ~'
kefxar1st6 ya t1s
thanks for the
' ' ~6 .~.o.
p1irofaries ke to
and the
inf~rmation(s)
cket.
1s1 t:ir1 .
~6 6
sto ka1e
[000 bye (siid only tc a

person vho takes leave)
:~6 6 ' 6 ~'..
sto ka16.
k ka1c
:;000 bye.
a njce trip:
taksiCj.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Re sr'onse Drill
----~----------'
p~
pul4ne lslt!ria?
stl(n) Gr!a kond! stl(m) ~6rta, pu

!nte)
ti isitjrio
~ll
aftbs
eplv4tis?
J~ll ~na
sto
~I~) dles i ~BlB saft!tn) tin
lslt!rl0 pr6tls
',
Oka
Nl1sta, t!xi
atts epiitls?
:1.:1
konda
yr:f,ora ta trt!na stln
p4nda
6x1~ ~ p:1y!nun
jne
pyaz~r.es.
st!sls vagonl!.
vaf.on1!,
el!a
!n:ln
~BEOB,
arir.
kond4 _to
vagonl! aft! 1 amaksost:1x!a?

protiM41
8ta9m4rxls.
o18tlx6s, dles :1 ~Bl t:1s ~ses
amaksostix!a pyaznAr.es?
~x1
ta
t~na
ka~lstirls1.
kae61u
yr!ora.
e1Joa?
arlend
. lc
lkosi~na
tet.)' 08
. ~o
ikos:1bio
tent)' to
". ~c:
lk081trfa
tventy three
. ~ac
:1kos:1t4!sera
tent.y ur
'. y~
lkoslpfnde
tent.)' 1e
'. .
1kosi'ks1
tent.y 81
. tn~~/EtoaI. t~~
lkos1ept4/1k081ett4
tent.y _'V.
. 6x~/o. 6x~
lkoslokt6/1k081oxt6
t.vent)' e:1gbt
EtoaI. lvvfc
lkoslen!a
tent.y
~.~y~C
trlMda
t.hirt.y
~.~y~C Ec
tr1anda~na
th1rt)'
C~y~C
sarinda
tort)'
sarandana
tort.y
t1ft)'
C~y~C
~~c
..
n1ne
an
fl
G REEK BASIC COURSE
urr
Narrat1ve
~_~~~ y~ ~6
10 2_~~!~!
A~o Q.1_1~~n~l.
~/~c.
o&~ 21 vc~
p1yAn1 sto
'peop1e, vor1d'
ka!en!o.
aft1 !_!~H! pu1ADe 1s1t~r1a.
'ep1o,yees'
1es 1 ~18 ~~ !ne pyaznfnes.
'1ts" 'h1s'
'HC.
A~6 ~e~!!~!! ~o i. aftlls !:2~!~! to 1eotor:fo.
'
~6 ~_c!~~e~, t VC ~
'porter'
arts 2_!!!2!~!:2! !ne !
"o~ .6.
u-r~ ~_~~f!2! t VC ~
ka1a.
aft! !_!!!!~!! !ne poU
ycf.
~!_c!~~~~~~~ t VC ~
!_!2~!!!! !ne kond4 st1 (a)
---------~/~o.
~~I!!e y~cf ~ /~C.
:!~~ t VC ~ C (c
'1111&18'
b6rt.a.
~!! staQ~s, 1 Ana
A~6 ~4'r Ix~
'su1tcase'
eyal1.
~ ,,6'.
Jto& '6 Ix~ Ivc -
prefers'
'each. ever.r'
kafen!o.
atts 2_!E!!~~!! ~ '1
'passenger'
1s1t!r10.
s!era t'yo
--- -
1& t1 (_) Wtra.
'toda.;y'
!)11!!!!:! !n(e) ota.
'da7'
~!~ ~ y~cf / o&vc;
~~! ty1s 7a t1n _'"
'he'
~~~~' -4. -6
&~!. -'. -6
'vho.
C c ~ '-r ~o&6 Ivc ~

y~ / /~C.
'
6 VC ~ w ~ o&up C6c
ncfo~ - ~/~C ov~cf
6~ vc~ 6 ~&x.
one'
se nda 6ra. t.v;y1 apto(n) stao)~ 'na ttno.

ke p1~ st1 () b'tra.
610 kZ...
!ne
brost. 1 1r!a pu 1 1p1.l1l1 uljne t.a
w-ru- 1s1t!r1a, kondi st1(m) b6rt.a pu !ne
o&~ -r 'r &
ovw ~6 cfo&o ~~c..
staomtrx1s.
pr6t1s
p1&ZlInes.
ol o&~ ~o vc~ ~c
. 6 6 o~~~ ~6
~6~~
al4
~.
p1y~nj 01
Cxo&o6o ~ ~ C C ~
61es 1
.1
t1s
kond! sto par431ro !ne
sto
staOIII
1p4rxi ep!s1s
k~na
1eotor:fo. pu 1 ~1 tu ~ !ne P1&ZAnes,
c~6 ~6 !x~ ~c o&~

Ko~ ~6 ~ ~c
b1st1Xs
~BO
~6 ~o&6 icfx~ K~ vc
~o cC~ oc,
h1ch
~xi
p4nda
k6zmos prot1m41 to
yr!yora,
tr!n
1t1 aft
kae1st~ris1.
pu
leotorl0
kond4 sto leotor1o
GREEK BASIC COURSE
! L
&,& L tL ,
L' tL &L
L' tL CL.
v1~pete ~nan a90fr
tis
~1 aposkev~s.
tu, kfstera
r1~n1
. p~!
ID(8)
Ana
art.b
apto(n)
sta9n?
da
se
~07
p~!
!n(e)
61e8 i
sta9mArxis7
kondA
6ra.
brost! sti(n)
61
par!eiro
protimAi
~x1 aft
staen7
~ saft
pyaa_nes.
1eoforlo
6xi, i
sattb
~1
1e!r0 ~
!ne
pye.
10s kZmos7
1eo!orlo
v14pete kond4
protim4i
trino, pu piyt!n1
kaBis~risi?
U1sta, ~x!
p4nda
1eo!orl07
v1Apete t!nan
~0!6ro.
k!n1 k!Be epivitis sto kafenlo pu

sto(n)
isitfr1a.
t!na leo!orfo.
~x1 arts ax!rs
pu
1 e~s1s tis rtis ~08 kondl sto parleiro
an!neS
1r:la,
k6zmos.
ip4rx1 sto(n)
tr~no.
lne kondA sti(m) b6rta, ekl pu !n(e) 610S
pyazn!nes7
410
tu sto
gaf~
taks:lo1.
10 kZmos
~!
to(n)
piyAn1 sti(m) b!tra.
100 kZmos7
sti
1~ra 01 or~a ky10S kZmos
i 1pili1i pulAne
sto kafenlo pu lne
sto(n) staem6, kaee epivAtis
slmera i
te !~y1
me tis va1itses ke
to(n)
gat~
"fT!yora.
ka1st!r1si.
'xi vaHtses ke 4les
pol{
!.
tu.
stan
pi~n1
k!ni lstera?
or~a ir~ra
slmera?
. p~ 10 kSmos
sti(n)
tu sto
!.
l1sta, 1:l or~a in!ra
pi~n1
slmera7
slmera.
taksfoi.
16
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatical Notes
!C!~_5.:1...
Phono10gy:
Vowel assind1at10n and

akr14
The V'owe1
apoM.
10ss.
Far f'rom here.

tront
the door.
trost4 apti (m) b6rta.
k0nd4 sto par4eiro.
Near ('to') the v1ndow'
sart
In that bus.
n11A10
v1tb the .... V'owel
Vwe1
1eotorio.
vords ending
d1scussed
a V'ove1 and
tollwed
by a vord
beg1nn1rg
Note 1.5.
The abve ex.amples 111ustrate the assim1lat10n ! V'owels 1 the prepos1t1ons /S8/
lat~ 1~ ' and /ap6/ 'trom~ oE~ than' betore vwe1s vh1ch are the Be~ (/apo/+le?J6/_
/apo6/ and /se/+/att6/./sattI) and 10ss ! V'owe1s 1 prepos1tons betore consonants (/se/
/tol-/stO/ and /ap6/+/t1r!'/apt1r!).

Ass1ndlat10n ! /s/ betore vo1ced consonants.
Note 5.1.1
. 6
10 k6zmos
everybody
CM't
stiz ~
at ten 0'c1ock
i prezvia
the Enba8sy
The 80und // 1 abve ex.amp1es 1s represented Greek spelling by 18tt8r
The cob1nat10n !
/s/.
crrtt;
Iote
5.2.
v1th a V'01ced consonant 18
/ZJt.
V'oiced consonant.
Thus
/st1! ~ but CM'tt; 6C",/ B :! oktI.
oun
Cases
Cons1der the tollow1ng Engl18h sentences:

The
dog.
!!!
dog b1t tbe
The dog b1t
b1t
b1t
dcg.
~!~.
Not1ce that the pronoun has one shape (~!) when 1t's the subject ! a sentence~ and
a d1rterent shape (~~) vhen 1t's the object ! a sentence;
only one
shape~
matter vhat the1r tunct1on.
Greek the
oun
are called 'cas8S':
but nouns (~~ !!~)
as vell a8 the pronouns change the1r shapes.
the subject-shape
The difterent shapes
or pronoun is ca11ed the 'nondnat1ve case' ~
and the object-shape 1s ca11ed the 'accusative case'.
(There used
be a 'case'-system
English a thousand years ago, but it's practically
47
G REEK BASIC COURSE
nninat1ve
The
singular 1. al50
'name !orm',
1s c1ted, as in a dictionar-.f or when talk:i.ng about

The accusative (objective) case 1s the
a verb (as
on
/apt1(m) brt.a/,
C1't6
1.
or pronoun 1s the object
/vlepete to(n) st.airx:i?/, a
/puln ta 1sitir1a/, etc.

-
1s, the one used when the noun
used when a
f- -6 --&
- Lcr.-f)
or ! a prepos1t1on as '/ 6-
-&
/kondA to paraG1ro/, et.c.).
The gen1 1ve (possess1 ) case 1s generally equ1 valent to Engl1sh possess1 !orms
l1ke
~r.!~!
~~!:!_~~~
or
~~,~,
or to phrases 1nvolv1ng
'!': ~!_~~~_~!~.
Noun: Art1cles: Accusative.
- -6 C1't-&&;
vlepote to(n) stamrx1?
])
you
the stat1on-
master?
! . -&
a - cr.-f)..
-&.
C1't6
-&.
d ! () i
ira pu
pul8ne ~ 1s1tir1a.
~lo . 1 k0nd8
to pal'le1ro.
.- . -
.
There 1 a ('the ) Windw
e!xarist
18 t1s
where they sell the tickets.
want a seat next to the

w1ndw.
Thanks !or 1n!ormation (s ).
pUrotor!es.
The above example. illustrate det1n1te and 1nde!1n1te art1clp.s uaed

case.
' coMpl~
set
the accusat1ve
those !orms is:
48
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Indefinite article
------------------
m.
~Cl;
Noa.
I!nas
Cl
Acc.
f.
d.
I!na(n) CI()
or
rrJ4
.&
I!na
Cl
.&( )r1 1(n)
ma(n)
Cl
Defin1te artic1e
----------------
5g.
t.
Acc.
'f6v
detiaite
'f~v
to(o)
'f6
ti(n)
'f6
'f0~';
8hould be noted that betore consonaats
artic:les may
hae
~J:81 ~~ 11') . Ep188s
. . .,
t.
a.
'f&
ta
tus
'ftc;
tis
'f&
ta
detinite and indetinite . .cline and
a1teraate tOI'Jll8
ton, tin
the accusati ve singular
. ., to,
(1D
t1.
!!!!!?!!!
apti (a) b6rta
2!:
tr08l
te
door
apti b6rta
1! !aan staWxi.2!:
ato
Betore
art.1cl8
are
voels
'f6v
the det1rIite and
/ton/,
lCl
11n the vorld t
2!:
6
rde1ai. uculiD8
/4naa/ and 'f~v
mS 4/.
on
B.h lCl 46.
vll!po
CJ/ /.&Cl
st10
The 811 1ndetiaite art1cle
stat1oa-aster.
! A84rx.
y]Jpo
stoa
... a
tea1n1ae
1r! respect1~, ..
11)41110
eB10yee
!aaa axot6ro.
eUa
article and the d8t1a1te
... a stat10n-. .ter.
110 Greece I
/da/2"!
.& /rri' uaua11.y has oaly oae tOnD;
8 c ...
8.10 d. el!si.
,n c & .1! nda 411 prezv:!a.

but / .1 dan
a seat.
another
nbaY.
presdal '887 be al80 heard.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Note 5.4 Phonology: Stress
-----
Greek nouns can be stressed either the Iast syIIabIe (e.g. Ifititisl 'student').
the second syIIabIe from the end (e.g. Inaftis/'saiIor'). or the third syIIabIe fro~ the
end (e.g. laneropos/'man').
I~~~~~
'nouns;
those stressed
and those stressed

~o_~ .?.:.~.
Notms stressed the Iast syI1abIe wiII be referred to as
'~~~~~~'
the second syIIabIe froro the end
the third syI1able froro the end
~~E~~~~~~'
ncuns,
nouns.
Declension
30;
vl~pete ~nan axof6r01
'L 6
eno!te
. '~
6;
b6rta?
3. 6
9~10
3.
YLa
ipali10 pu
Do you see a porter1

You mean the empIoyee in front
brosti apti(m)
m:fa lBl kondi sto
'd
efxarist6 ya tis pliro-
like a seat nar the
wind~.
paraOiro.
-
the door?
'Thanks for the infcrmation(s).
for!es.
6 6 .
uim vagonl.
i ipnili pu pulane ta
The empIoyees who sell tickets.
L~L.
prefer the slfe;Jing car.
isitria.
'The above sentences 11lustrate accusative singular forns ( 306

aXof6ro/.
and pIural forns
/ton ipalilo/,
( ) 3tOL/da
I~M
eesil
Itis pIiroforiesl
Lf)L
Ita
lsitria/.
Greek nouns are tradltiona.lly grouped
three decIensions:
~!!:~_~~~!~!!!!!~!! lnclud.es mascullne oxytone or paroxytone nouns ending
e.g. L~
l1l '8tudent'
Iasl 'seargent';
Ier10/'area',
IkarfJ.1 'heart',
Inft1s/'sailor' and
femin1ne oxytone or parcxytone nouns ending
Ikira/'lad', 3&
-----------------
10 aoelf6s1 'brother', 6
10 SI 'man, 6
li o66sl 'street'.
1-181
l-a81
1-11 E.g.
Ik6rl1 'daughter' and a11 nouns - I-a/, e.g.
nEPLOX~
aL
IUfJ.lasa/ 'sea'.
5econd DecIenslon: mascuIine and ferninine nouns ending 1

6
I-os/. e.g.
/0 nosok~o:csl 'medic'. ~3pno

11 pfJ.rosl 'Paros'.
"-
UJm' S
G REEK BASIC COURSE
/i 6i!kSs/ 'out1et' and a11 neuter nouns ending in - /-0/, e.g. -r6 x~y6 8vy6/
'egg', -r6 'i:
-r'cx-rt-r
1!/ 'sh1p',
/t,o
/tattoknito/
'ear'.
~!~_~~!~~~!~~ compr1ses (mascu1ine, re~n1ne and nuter) that have var10us
er.diIIfS.
Th1s c1ass
nouns ....111 be discussed in 1ater un1ts.
F1rst
ueclenaioa
Second
--
--08
Declens10n
Third
(1ater)
Dec1ens10n
Note 5.6. Noun: PlUral forms.
---------
/-es/ 1 the noa1native plural, e.l.

cu-r
'1ad1es',
/nAftes/ 'saHors',
6
'
/lox!.es/ 'sergeant8'
uC
/k1rfes/
/k6res/ 'daughters'.
-. /1/, e.g.
fo
/.ta/ 'stat10ns',
/nosok6J1/ 'ed1c.'-V.cm.
.Iop1/'e',
60
// 'streets' ,
.t60.
and neuter noun. of thi8 declen.10n end 1 -
/a"..,4/
CCI
'eggs',
Koc
/61Ikso1/ 'outle~.'
/ -, e ..
/pl1.a/ 'sh1ps,
CV<fOKt
/ aftokfn1 ta/
'cars 1
~!::~~_2:Z
Noun:
AccU.8t1e
case.
to1lcN8a
*l Katharevusa th1s endinr 1 -.
/e/.
Some masculine nouns usua11y denotinr sch01ar1v
ccat10n have mainta1ned this plura1 ending, e.g.
&
11
. .-r-rcxt
. cx&-rcx C
kae1yiW/ 'professors'
/1 rit1~~/ 'students 1
/1 mae1t~/ 'puplls', etc.
51
G REEK BASIC COURSE
j.asc;lir
~!~!!!
.
~!~!!
aelf6s
.6
kiniat6yra!os t
6( )
.6
ton
(v)
aJelf6
01.
aelf!
. 6yao .
k1nimat6yraf1
v '
tus
ao_elNs
tus
k1n1matoyr4!u~
ta
tr~n&.
to(n)g1n1r.atyra!o .; . '!: v
Fem1n1ne
-------(same as mascu11ne)
Neuter
~:.
Plural
~!E~!!!
to
tr4no
to
kser,oboX
ta
ksenoboXIi
to
trlno
TcX
ta
tntna
ta
kseno<:oxfa
to
ksenoOoXo
G REEK BASIC COURSE
It should be noted that 3eccr.d Deoler.s:ion

(no~~s
stressed
syllable from the
erd r
have their stress
L~6
Sir.
?l.
~G L~&v
! S
in declensions is d:iscusscd
Adject1ve:
Note
).1
ElvaL
and femin:ine
r.rcrcrcxvtcne nours
shifte~
to the second
the aoousative rlural, e.g.
k1nimat6-,rafos
detail
1 ~ote 7.2.
ccusat1ve
was stated that Greek adjectives agree with nouns wh:ich they mod1fy
(e.g.
r)
t!om.
'l'he sh1ft
~~~!-~~~
the th1rd syllable from the
":asouljre
IkaH ireral and with those which they refer to (e.g. &.o~
11 ip41lli
Jl!
!ne kaB/) 1 gender, nb and oa5E.
The commonest type ! adject1ve 1s the wh1ch has the ending - /-osl for the
-
nascu11ne,
1-11 for the fenin1ne and
or the wh1ch ends 1

Ika16s/, ~
Ika.H/,
I-os/,
6 Ika161
I-a/,
for the neuter (with ccnsonant stems),
- - (w1th vowel stems), e.g.
or ~o lor~os/,
lora/,
~o
lr/.
'rhe m&scu11ne arn neuter torms

declens10n
The
-
nascul1ne
[~
1-11 or
nouns
fors
! adject1vs !
th1s type are decllned 11ke secor.d
-osl and secol".d declens10r. neuter nouns 1
the same case endings as f1rst declens10n felllfn1ne nouns
1-01.
1
loofl/.
~!~~;!~~
Mc6; cG~;
;'.
~6
cc6 cv~
cco
ka168 n'tt1s
to(n) ga16 n4ft1
Plural
.
~ovI;
c~;
ccv ci~
kal!
n4rtes
tus
kalds n4ftes
2!~~~!~!:
cc
'.co.
cc
cc' C (c
, ,
cc
~C
ti (n)
kal!
ke
or~a
tav~rna
ga-l
ke o%'1!a
tav~rna
53
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Plural
Nom.
.-
ka!s
ke
Acc.
tis
kall!s
ke ordes
or~es tav~rnes
tav~rnes
~!!?~~!~!:
Nom.
.6
akriv~
ksenoooxIo
Acc.
.6
to
akriv
ksenoooxIo
Plural
Nom.
&
.&
ta
akriv!
ksenoooXa
Acc.
&
.&
ta
akriv!
ksenoooxIa
~2~~_2:2
Class 11 verbs.
me sinxorte
Excuse me.
parakal6
Please (' beg [you]')
oi oi <1.~.;
! pul!ne isit:tria7
\'here do they sell tickets'l
6 &
enolte ipililo. pu
noG
. & d:n' / 6;
:lne brostA apti( m) b6rta'l
6 .&. 6 .
afts
i ..
sas efxarist6
These are the examples
protimAi to tr~no.
. 'Y'ou mean the employee who's in

front ! the door7
He prefers the train.
thank you.
the Class 11 verbs.
These verbs will be discussed
detail
later units.
At this point
student
should 1cnw only that these verbs (1.e. the first person singular) end 1 a stressed
/-6/ and that their third person s1ngular and second person plural are as
~:!~ __ 2!~~~_~!~:
~!:!!_E!~!!._;?!!?S!.
~_E!~!!~2!!.
s1nxor6
'
excuse'
s1nxon
s1nxorlie
paraka16
'
beg'
parakal
parakal!te/parakal'te
efxarist6
'to thank'
efxaristf
efxaristfte/efxar1st4te
protim6
'to prefer'
protim4i
prot1m4te
pul6
'
pu141
pu14te
eno6
'to mean'
enoi
enofte
seU'
follws:
".
rr
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grammatical Drills
G.D.S.S-7
er1v4is ine6.
ep1vAtes ine06.
sta3n4rx1s
staeArxes n06.
1nec6.,
l~po ~141.
ra .
rta !
1m!ra
l~~o
tus sta)marxes.
staBn6.
i rtes !n r.ik~s.
aCt~s i
oeksi4.
ln(e)
t~s eiv4es.
1 amak&ostixje& fne sto(n)
i amaksost1x!a 1nek!.
vllpo
o~.
p1iroCorfe&4
~ kal~s.
aftls i tavlrnes, ln(e) akr1ns.
aCtl 1 tavlrna,
01!
p1ydnume stl( )
dav~rna.
i i~res ln(e) orees.
ka1!.
aft!
stis prezvfE&.
amak&ostiXe&,r.vyun
lpur.e
tin
amaksost.iXa.
010
vllpume
18
b6rta.
afts ~li kal pl1rofoie
'lllpume
6ra.
piylnun st1s
kmo8
1nek!.
&ta&
ta~rnes.
1 staem! !ne mikr!.
!ne ka16&.
!
att! 1
lpA1i10s
k1n1mat6yrato& arxJz1 &t1z
&ek&ii.
11111
51n
~o.
a,tr1
sto(n) &taem6.
!ne kond4 &ti(m) b6rta.
i staGnd
.,1lIo to(n)
g6zno._
vllpume tus staeNds.
to(n)
vllpume
aCt&
&taen6.
I!XUI!II!
1p411l0.
aft!
!ne &to( ) ginj 1I'.at.6)'rafo.
vl~pume
ton ax90r6ro.
aft
ksenoOoxl0
aft
leofor!o
'
BIl
makri!.
:ney4li
510 1raH1us.
! m
py~llll!
! l! ka.
ka11.
i k1n1mat~)Ta!1 arx!zun &t1s okt6.
a30Cr08
v1~pume
ae 010 6res.
tus axBof6rus.
&tus k1n1:natO)T4tus.
ta ksenc1ioxJa !n(e) akr1v'.
aftl .
leoforla
ka1A.
5'5
GREEK BASIC COURSE
proksen!o
aft
! oeksi~.
to estiatorio !n(e) akriv6.
~ft
piy~nu~e
vl~puMe
.. bomAtJa
aft~
makrJa.
pi~nun
sta
! mey~la.
~xun ..
pi~nuMe
e~lun
sto ftin6 kafenlo.
tr~na.
leoforia.
vl~~j ..
prokseno.
~xwe meytlo estiatrio.
isit1ria.
..
or~a Oo~tia.
~nas
epiv4tis, ineo6.
vl~po ~nan epiv~ti.
~nas
ipililos, lne sti(m) b6rta.
~XUMe ~na(n)
~nas
axeof6ros, lne sto(n) staem6.
piy~ni
:d..
e~lune
mla prezvta, lne pol! makri4.

pol
mla pliroforla.
[~
poli akrivo.
pi~nume B~M
estiat6rio,
~na
ksenoooxfo, !ne kondi sto(n) staOm6.
~na
leofor!o,
p~
~xun
lxun
stin ae!na.
ta~rna.
se mia fticl
mikrt.
~na
ga16 ip!lilo.
ston axeof6ro.
piy~nume
tav4rna, lne Mey41i.
nda p6rta, lne
ftin~.
~xume .. me~la ksen!a.
ksenoooxfo.
sto leoforio.
to
ta estiatoria
aft~
kafenlo ine ftin6.
vl~pume [
.. proksenla
se mJa
i~ra.
meyAlo estiat6rio.
~na nikrc!
~na kalc!
ksen(){;oxio.
leoforio.
Substitution Drills
-------------------
Substitute the words listed

!
the
fllwing
the right
each s:n!;ence for the underlined word
sentences using the aprroprJate definite article.
~_!;!!~~! Jneld.
prezvia, oom4tio, staem6s, kafenio, par4airo.
kc!zmos
41,
ineo6.
~~_~!~~~~~2
.
tne katefelan brost4. Estiat6rio,
tr~no,
p6rta, epi-r.ftis, kinimat6yrafos
G.D.3.'
Substitute the nouns listed

!
leofor!o, tavlrna.
the ri[ht
the following sentences and chanr,e the
each sentence for t he underlined word
endis!s !
the adjectives as necessary
agree with
the nouns.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
ne
1__nliroforla_
..
kalf.
~_!~!~~~~! !n(e) or~os.
kseno6oXo,
l~ra
-------
ksenoooXo,
kal.
fne
~_!!!!!~!
1 prezvfa,
m1kr6s.
!_I?~~~! fne _"'11.
!f~!_!_~!!~!:!!!, In(e) akri-n.
tr~no,
!!~~!_~_!!!!~!! !n(e) or~os.
O.D
staem6s, i tavirna,
katenfo,
l~ra,
aXof6ros.
estiat6rl0,
tav~rna,
staem6s, 1
staem6s,
l~ra.
6omftl0.
leoforfo, i tavlrna.
estlat6rio,
klnlmat6yrafos.
klnl~t6yratos, 0m4t10.
ka!enIo,
estiat6rl0,
S.1
Substltute the plural fonns
the nouns l1sted
the rlght
the appropriate deflnlte artlcles for the underllned words

~_!!~!~~!!
fne katefefan brost4.
the
st.a86s, ksenooxfo,tavt!rna.
!_~!!~!!!!
afrs,
eksi.
each aentence wlth
follving
sentences.
prezvfa, 1pll11os, ka!enfo.
!_!E!!!~! 1nekf.
fne
ll!oloro.
prezvIa,
IV 0.D.5.8
Do the same substitutlon and change the torms
or
adjectives to agree wlth the nouna
:. t~ted.
L~~!!
!ne m1krls.
prokseno,
!_!!!!!!
!ne orles.
staa6s,
tav~rna, klninat6yrafos.
leo!orfo, Oom4tl0.
~_!!!H!:!! !n(e) akr1v'.

!_!~!!! !ne
~o,
prezv'a,
ka1f.
p6rta,
L!~!~ !ne m1 .
pl,.nete p4nda sto(n)
~o,
pl~M
sta6A6s.
leoto, mft10.
glnilll8tyra!2
eIlete
!ne akrlv4 ta lsitlrla sto(n) glnll118t6yrafo'l

p6te
estlat6rio.
pot!rl kr:fo ner6'l
~x1 100
estlat6rio ya
p'd pl~nun aft! ta tr.!na'l
sto(n) glnimat6yra!o'l
pd pul!ne . 1s1t!ria ya to(n) g1nimat6rafo'l
t! p:fnete yapr&;eVJlla, kafA ts4y'l
p~
6,
piy~nete
k4ae
~ra
Ine ka16
tc
pfnete
pl~nete
! ~B!
p~
gaf~,
sto
kafenf~
protlmAte sto
pul!ne
ts4i sas'l
ya to(n)
gaf~
sas?
isitlria ya to
tr~no?
p6s pi)'t1nun'l
makrl! !n(e) 1 aB!na aptl(m) b4tra'l
In(e) 1 p4tra?
p~ !
tr~no'l
ryeYBa'l
sto
estatri'l
es'.iatri?
ksenooox!o sas'l
6 py~! afts a80frs
me tis valftses sas'l
57
GREEK BASIC COURSE
RIVIEW
------
(tm1ts
1 -
s)
Il!:!!!_~~~~_~~~
!!~2!~~~!~
!!~!~!:!~
Lettl'8
-------
Sounds
/a/
!~!!:!:!!!
~!!!!!
/'JA/
'...11'
/8/
/eartV
/8/
/k4/
'and'
/1/
/&!
'ch1ld '
/1/
/1rlni/
'peace'
/1/
/ikr'rdA/
'I~'
/1/
/k6r1/
'daughter'
/1/
/{pnO/
'sleep'
/1/
/UpO/
'8leeple88,
/168/
'son'
.,
/1/
/1/
"
/proiI
'norn1ng'
, , ,
// arter C08.
8Dd
/b.r&/
'beart '
bol'8
'Ywe1a.
/~
'vork'
/W68/
'vh0 1
'let 's dr1nk
./&
/toly8J
'nelrt.'
-&
/al.eya/
'truth'
/re/
'he drank
/6rra/
' h1
/6pro/
't1cb (n)
!S
/6pr1/
'thoee'
/ner6/
'atr'
or
stressed
SClllet1e
al80
betore unstressed
' 'hol1day'
P11S-/
/0/
/0/
/a~pV
'Il~I
/u/
/uranIa/
'Bq'
58
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Rev1ev , - 5
!!"!!f&!~
LetteZ'8
------
~~
Q!!!~
"
--
(betON
I.,O,u/
conaant8 )
axI
!E!!!!~~S!
!!!!!~
r1
'l'81'
/krel.t1I
'bed'
y~",:
I-r:.ta/
'cat'
y6n
y/pa/
'C1pNtte
butt.'
...
yououvt.
ymln1/
'1'
"(~o
' ImCIII'
yuaCMa
!
I'T1n&b./
/'I4rf:AI
'ald'
/w81Ia
'd.1tt'
!yxuc
Iaq1za!
'8DCbor'
/i.l,./
'anpl'
rx/
!.
~M
'opent.1c'
6/
&bo/
'
;~
./
'Ut.'
&
A&~c
.e.r.;
/kI
/Dl.,
'A.th818
' ....
6.
/k.tr-I
'Nd'
",6 K(iPLO
~ (betore 1,./)
--v----
--
(-)
+"
/ !!:
-n
/bI
-n-
/bI
'tb8
(ace. )
.i".
/lW1/
,~
l.
I.1,.
'tber'
",!c
I81tAra/
'tber'
c,./
'ptsMtet,
JInCc
/bira/
'beer'
nf.
~1/
or
'Y1e7&Z'd'
I..Wl1/
11.,...
tei"oI
rc/
rJ.no/ or
'VCIII8D '
a6
r&6a
'teIle
!.a
IeniaI
'ean1ng'
'
59
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~!!~~!:~~
~2~~
~H'!!.'!
Cl!.'!!!
!!.'!!!!!:!1~!2!!
~B!!!~
/d/
/du1&p./
'ardrobe'
/nd/
/I.rdru/
'an
/ks/
!kseroa/
'stranger'
(-)
/r;/ 2!:
gzero/
--
/'/
--
(-)
/b/
/patIJru/
'tather'
/papas/
'priest'
betro/ 2!:
'Feter' (acc. J
Itobtro/
/r/
--
/8/
/rUtu/
'tailor'
6..
/ap6riP81~/
'reject.ior'
..f
./s1r'/
--
/./ (betore vo1ced CO!l8.) 6
h1Jn'
/rb/
' knw
rgzro/
/ngz/
2!:
'ro'
/&la-
'a8a'
/k6uoa/
'yorld'
/na 1;
'111 order
see
tJer '
/8/
.6
lter6/
',..ather'
//
/tJ..ioa/
'hneat'
/at1Jd/
'Att1Ja'
/ at.1 dnfJ'S&l 2!:
'1 ~M
--
(-)+
/d/ ~
/st1ndr'fJZa/
/nd/
(-)
/ts/
Its1""ro/
/dz/ 2!:
/sti dzep1!
/dZ/
//
(arter
' c1;arette '
2r
'111 the pocket.'
/st111dzep1/
/ndz/
-nIt'
vo1celess cons.)
/dziezikas/
'c1cada '
/att6s/
''
betore
/ert1/
'bappy'
60
Rev1ev , - 5
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~!!!!f!:!~
2!!!~
~~
Let.tel'8
-------
ll (atte1'
betore
ywe18
~!~!:!f!:!~
!!s!!!!!
laYY6/
'-'
(~-r
lrit.oal
'..11_ '
01' 1ced COII8.)
IrUoal
'tr1eDd'
6\10
I~I
')'8&1'1
.\l
lzi.ahal
'1Jrt8I"
Ir-I
x~
/r-I
'8aul'
/bs/fl!
-r6\1
(-\1)+
bs4tt1/
1tb8 1181"
(acc. )
1. .1
/bsett1/
6,
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
Review Drills
Fi11 in each blank with the proper form
ou,
use the appropriate form
the word given
the right.
it is a
the artic1e (wbere necessary).
~2~!
- ---------- ine katefeian brosta.
eXUJ1le
i patra
prezvia
staem6s
stin e103oa.
proksenio
makria apoOO.
eka
x:i1ymetro
afto to ksenoooxio exi triandaoio
oomat.io
. ,
lJIIera
simera ~ ine orea ---------.
ena
ee1une
a!t
ka16
estiat6rio
ex
to treno
1eoforio fevyi
xu
ka1es
6
ra
---------
ka103
stin e180a.
1eo!orio
oen ine kalos simera.

emis pinume ton gafe
ka.fes
xris
atts
exo
okt
stis
kulUri
_________e
orax!
arxizi
k1n1Jat"(!'atos
___________
- ---------
sti(lII) b8tra, ine
apoO
i ipalil1 pu18ne
afts :
ee1ete
x:i
ipililos
8lrx.
iPlili.
tu xi
prta
ka1a
vUt.iro
!riyanys
manel'oa
lne po1:l krio.
atto
8tO stamQ
lne
vlepete
aftos
isitirio
sto ksenoOono tu oeka
to omatio
taksioi
lne
i e180a
IIIeyU.O.
ner6
tu.
aposken
staemarxis
axeo!oros exi ept8
artQ to 1eoforio
Mka
valtsa
epivatis
----------
62
Rev1ev , - 5
GREEK BASIC COURSE
a!t8 _ _
!ne pol!
meyi.la.
att! protisAi
paraBiro
treno
p1yn st1(m) btra nattHn)
amaksost1na
&n xete
- ------ ine
pol!
makru
apo.
exete &io
8att.
to
kalS
e&t1atrio
to 1s1t.ir1o
&8
pol
to kr88! :lne
!ne
AIV&
tavernes 1neJd.
ttins
att! 1 prezvla !ne pol!

ac!lue &!
att.&
OOit1a.
vlipi to
________ 1
krO&
leotorio.
S1
:ne
pya-'nes.
_________ 11p8llu !ne
llto~) &n.
oa
--Verb
&1nxor
pol!.
888
_&
&8
ef'xar1&t6
&iqo.
1..1111.
8&1&
atte8
&n
.r. 88
y8la.
t
88i&
. .
t!
----- t
stiz
k1n1matyratos
180trla ~
t.a
&bera
ed&
ta
l'ts
"'la,ke kuldrya.
88
8S:1&
i
ta
---------t!
&.
arx!zo
;ya t1n ae!na.
te'9'yO
rna.
vl&po
prot.in
parakal
iplili
trena st1n eu&a
eno6
1sitiria.
pu
pol! yri"(Wa.
piyeno
6)
G REEK BASIC COURSE
( ;
t! kanete2
!"
are you?
kr10S
(the) gentleman
k:r1e
sirJ (voc.)
L.
si ynmi kirie.
acuse me, sir.
Lvv.
1ca18 xr1stuyena.
l';erry Chris tr.as
s1ynmi
(the) pardon, apology
Lv, -, -
ett1x1zmeDOs,-i,-o
hapPy
LvL, -, -
kenr~'os, -a,-o
new
xrnos
(the) year
L LL
.
e1"t1x1znenos kenkyos
Happy New Year.
'
xrcnos.
na sas
1 abert/aelf
may 1ntrcduce you./I 'd

like you to IIIeet
(the) si8ter
66
aerts/aelts
('the) brother
DIU

6 .
na
&.
mu, ke ton
aerr
mu.
epi trpB
\.
na atto-
meet
s1ster
and brother.
allo
Al.lw
me
1ntroduce
yse]J'.
sisti.
1
( .
k1ra
ara
xero
(the) lady
poll,
k1ra
L
.
Lv(
, L(
i t1Jn:!
very glad to meet you,
(the) honor, pr1ce
meyal1mu1 timi.
1m
madam.
mu.
I'd l1ke you
ep1 tr&pste mu
( ,
s1st!so t1n
aerr
~L
L
s1sts
oesp1IUs
xar1ka ara poli,
The honor 1s m1ne.

(the) young lady
Very rlad to have Dlet you,
64
G REEK BASIC COURSE
eSin
(my) }/I.1ssJ
efxaristis nu.
-,
It's been ay pleasure.

del1ghted
katayoyteVlllenOS,
-i,
.a
i "I1'10r1Ja.
uv ~
(the) aequa1ntance
katayoyt.eMnos apt1n
1'11
ncrimia .
. ,.
6 MU. ~.
o~ . .
mu.
yL
..
~. 6 .
lv .. .& '.
del1ghted to have
your aeqa1ntance.
3,
~36 .i Iv.
6 36 . . .
3ut o~ V4o . ...
. 3 . .
& . ,
Eva
..
. .6, . o~ 6.
..,
1 .. l. lCC, oOlft ~.
lxouv
U 6uo ' yc.
. oo~.1I,
Uv. ..
~ . o~ .
o~ .
'
o~o M:t 46 ~
~. , ~.
6 . ' ~
. ~.
4 ~vc v.
-. o~ ., .., ~
i.
6 .
.' .
.. ~. 6 ~. ~ oOlf"' .
..
-. . o~ 36.
36 .
34 .'
xat 6 .
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Un1t 6
p1n6
be hungry
bor6
be able
na i40
..
t:in6.
pd
br
na i40?
1'11
eat
hungry.
Where can
eat?
",
1 kuzfna
(the) cu1s1ne, k1tchen
p4e
let's go
-"" "" ~x. 6

i :.
",.
tav~rna ~xi
aft! i
kal1 kuz!na.
p4J()
This tavern has a very good

cu1s1ne.
Let' s go there.
e1d.
",,6
",,6
06
ed
rxpa6v,
",,6
06 xa.
gars6n
eoo
g&rs6n.
(the) va1ter
(the) enl1
para-
Wa1ter!
pleasel
kal.
k84!ro
knw
~'t'./
6t1/p6s
f"skos, irfsk;ya,
fresh
a.
't'6
frfsko
't'6 """
6't'.o,
't'6
(conj.)
-,
psu1
(the) fish
kot6pulo
( ) ch1cken
n6st111108, -1,
kreas
tasty, pretty
(the)
neat
bords
ve can
& .
na
that
0""1.
~xo"
dr1nk
k8~ro 1 e6 ~xun i~ska knw that they have iresh i1sh,
66
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~, ~6u
pS~~fa,
6 f.
ke
~ ~o;
ka1a kot6pu1a,
01 nstim
borWre
a1A t!
kreas.
na
good
chickn(s)
mat
here.
and
vry
tasty
But what sha11
('can') we drink?
pyUm?
~6 {C
to
i b!ra
(the) beer
i retsfna
a kind
~~ ' 6
I10
a Greek a1coh01ic
stin e1Aoa 610s
kmos
~ {C, l
pjni
~o
borUme na pydme bira,
" ~.
a1a em1s
resinated wine
drinks 'uzo' in Greece,
~ve~ybody
but we can drink beer or

'rtsina'
rtsfna.
.c~
na
that
pite
that you say
l3v~6c;, -~,
-6
ttIat is to say
eanik6s,
~6 o~6
tc pot6
~6 l3v~6 ~ouc; o~6
to
~ 3~ ~ ~~
-,
~ouc; o~6;
eJnik
to
~ZO
tus
~i1aoj 9~1ete
ti
-6
say
nationa1
(the) beverare, dr1nk
k6
~6 { l~ ~6 l3v~6
p!te.
jne to
tus pot6?
the1r nationa1 dr1nk

othr
words ycu're trying to
sav that 'U1.0' is their

nationa1 drink?
~6 ~
to arMki
(the) 1amb
~6 t/~6
to fa!/fayit6
(the) food
~ ~/y~
ta favVfayi
1.
~ l~ ~6 ~
~6 3~6 ~ouc;
cpcxt;
bevenge
ke mjpos !ne to anW:k1,

to eanik6 tus fa1?
And isn't the
1~mb
national food?
t/f~
~os/vIvea
crtain~y, !
~6 u~
to suv1'ki
(th)
~ u~
ta
1.
musak~s
(thE) lT!usaka
6)'1oS
as
suv1~kya
their
course
shishkebab
67
GREEK BASIC COURSE
/...
ke ta lir<1.
v~vlos,
ep:isis
, a
suvlakya,
ke ta lira.
as well as
etc.
epJsis ta
musakas,
course, as well as shjshkebab,
musaka, etc.
oldm8zo
to taste
-&
ea
'U
amso&
, -, -
perffjmos, -i,
8/8
i 6reksi(s)
6 -&
00ld1ue
try,
'u
t.ute
right avq
-
famous
(the) appeti te
tte 501dJ&&UID _&06
v;ell then we '11 taste tbe1r
ta per!fima fayit!
tood r1ght
S.
tus.
meal (Igood appetlte')l

6 , .
to(n)
kal! 6reksi.
loyaryazm6s
10ya~razm6
q.
uoua
!Dj07';Y0U1'
(the) check, bill

para-
Check, please.
ka.
'.
a)l!~sos.
lti ght away!
Useful words
6
to py4to
(the) plate
max~ri
(the ) knife
to kutali
(the) spoon
6 .
to
pirU
(the) fork
ala.ti
(the) salt
pi~ri
(the) pepper
i petsta
(the) napk1n
(the)
6 6
to payot6
(the) ice
i p.4sta
(the) pastry
ci
payos
(the) ice
to krasf
(the) wine
ylik6
Bv&
creu
68
G REEK BASIC COURSE
L;6
i brjz61a
(the) steak
~~
i naMtes
(the ) pot.atoes
ta 1axanik!
(the) veretab1es
i sdpa
(the) soup
i saMta
(the) salad
~6 u~tv~
to an.o1dn1 to
(the) car
VLd
aOUna
~:!~~!!_~!:!!!
'
fx1 att! i
a~1ete
tav~rna?
att! i t. avfrna
na pAte ek1?
!1
kal! kuzJna.
vevdos.
! l~te garsn?
~xun tr'ska psirya,
fxun satt1 ti(n) davlrna?
kaU kot6pula, ke
1! nstim k~as.
bon1me na
pyUne'l
bo~
na pydme dzo,
kmos
m!pos
ke
uzo !ne
eenik6 tus
ksirete,
. e6?
enik
:lne
tus ta:l?
p!ni 610s
stin e145a, bfra, ! rets!na.
fne.
arn4ki.l ta suv14kva, ta
pB4r:a,
musak4s,
ke . 1ip4.
G~lete
na
.okisete
art.A ta rayit4'l
Narratie
6 ~6 .l.
E1VaL
6, -~,
6. !!~~ arn4ki
-6
~~ .~ U6pxouv ~~~~~
".
!ne n6stimo.
roasted,
aked
psit6s, -1, 6
stin
_!
ipuxun
E~M
ksenoc)ox!a.
~u ~!!!.
6fn ixo kae61u lertA.
money
~e!~!~ .
e~~e! na fao a~scs.
IT.ust, have to
.vou can drink
~!~~ ~ ~ ~
Lu ~ uL.
Mo~
!2
L~
~~~~ pime sti
daverna,
when
50kimasume ta suvl!kya.
bor1 te
na W te
it (as an obj.)
69
G REEK BASIC COURSE
o,n/o
whatever
~~_~~!~
that you
6 .
to treno.
ITI
~~_~a~ ;
~elete
na fate
musak~7
6 ~x ~2~~~E~~.
afts
exi oeka
~ol~ria.
to
6 ocX.o
6 6 !x~.!: -
that vou eat
-------
dcl1ar
bol~rio
aftQ to i'ai ~& 010
ccsts
oolaria.
f ~xo ,' ~f. ., 6,

6, 6, , , . ...
~xo 6 .
.
. 6 6 f ~x. .
t 6 ~.K6 6 6 . '~
.6. .
~ .
6.
~ .
~x. ~ ..
6 . 6
OK.u ~ . 6.
~ ~ " .
!xun
tav!rnes
ixun 6ti
stln e146a?
!lete.
friska ps4rya, arnaki
briz61es, kot6pula,
.
laxan1k4, ke
~xun ~ZO aft~s
m41ista,
ta~rnes?
~xun
Bda.
6,
sa14ta, friska
111'4.
pol:f kalQ
~zo,
ke pol:f kal!
rets!na.
~
py6s
akrlv6 krasl i
k.s
p~ bor~te
6xi, lne pol:f
rets~na7
protim41 tl(n)
art!
rets!na~
pu ~
soles tis
na pylte uzo?
[1.
iX\ln po14 leftd.
tav~rnes,
ke
estlat6ria st1n
elAca.
t:! preri na k4nete otan jste stin
pr~ri
aina?
na pAte na fate sti(n) davirna.
konda sti(m)
?6s lne
fa1
ek~7
pol:f
ru
~ne
breva.
ke nOstimo.
70
UHIT 6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
p6so 4xi
! . 41te
.
~na 1.
musakAs ekl?
na
kAnete Jt.1no\sete
ta
ea
e~lete
na p1y.nete ekf, 611
1 ra.
ke ft,in4 fay1t4 ke krasyA sa.rtl
t1(n}
daIrna?
Grammat1ca1 Notes
Hote 6.1 Verb: ruture
Class
verbs.
~&u -r~
. k1sume
fCly-r~ -rou~.
&-r y~
ta
perf1ma
We'l1 taste the1r
fay1t' tua.
nfJyatve-re
aouB
food.
ea e.1ete na
p1~nete
c1' cxU-rv / -rv, !
sa.rt:r t1( ) dawrna,
/ .
611
you
111
be v1sh1ng
go
1e.
tavern al1 the
1 ra.
The aboYe sentences 111ustrate the use
the future tense.
L1ke a11 Greek tenses
(v1th except10n ! t,he present teM vh1ch 1s alvays 1mperfect1e) the future can be
e1tber
1pertect1ve
The
1perfect1ve tuture 111
tbe pertectlve u
or pertect1ve.
'S1Ile
be referred
th1s t:ourse a8 'Future Cont1nuoU8'
an1
Future .
Note 6.1.1 Future Cont,1nuoua

~----
f-r y~ nfJyc:tve-re
. ! / l:Jc:.
4!lte
na
p1~nete
ek!, you'll be
11 1 ra.
al1
v18b1n
go there
t1ne.
Th1s tense 1pl1es a ccmt1nuous act10n 1 the future ('1'11 be d01ng 8o-and-80) and
1s a cb1nat1on ! tbe vord
/ea/ ( 0&' /-/ before /a-/) v1th the verb fors 1 the
pre88Dt tense, 8.g.
8ct
t Kc: & c:.
. !no
~ra.
kras!
1'11 be dr1nk1ng v1ne every

day.
84
cr~ & .
smal1 nwnber
e.g. ~ ~x
sas v1.po
~ ~ra.
1'11 be see1ng you every day.
verbs vh1ch do not have a perfective stem, have on1y one future tense,
/ea ~xo/, .
!~~!_~:.!.:.~ S1I1e
/ea e/.
Future
~ .6 -r~
-r~ -ru.
ea
C>okirnAsue
fayitl
ta
perfjma
.....e '11 taste the1r famous foOO.
tus.
71
G REEK BASIC COURSE
This tense refers a sing1e action in the future (11'11 do so-and-so l ~~ '11m going
do so-and-so'), and is formed in the same way as the future continuous, but the verb form
following the word -& la/, is based the perfective stem.

lea ookiasol the perfective stem is
the perfective stem i8
Forms such as
d:px
OK.a-
160kires-l, in
d:
&6
l. arxfsol
larx1.s-l, etc.
160kim4so1 or
OK.a
thense1ves but only in combination with

lif', ad o~
Thus in &6 OK.a
16tan/ 'when',
These forms wi11 be referred
larxsol are used by
-& la/, lna/ (Note 6.3), liv
IUJ/ or
leirl
/pr1:nj lbefore l etc. ( later un1ts).

in this Course as
~~!~~~~!~_~~!~_!~~~I.
Personal endings of the Simple Future of this Verb cla8s are
same as those of the
rresent tense with only a slight difference in the spel11ng.

Present Tense
OK.a
OK.a
ki n4z
&6
OK.a.
kin4is
&6 ~a
OK.a.
ookin4zi
&6
OK.a
.a'U
kiwe
-&&
.a''U CIoki_sune
OK.a~
ookimazete
~ OK.aO'~ ea CIokin4sete
.a'Uv()
()ok1Mzun{e)
-&&
Note 6.2 Class
Verbs:
. ClokiMso
. Clok1n4sis
Clokin4s1
.a''Uv
ea ook1_sun{e)
Perfective Stem Forms.
The perfective stem i8 formed from the iv.perfective stelll with varioU8 degrees
pJ"8dictability.
The most predictable verbs
in
'
/.
this class are those the
With a very tew exceptions the
i:pertect1ve
stem
wh1ch ends
of i:pertective lll is changed
/s/ in the pertective, e.g.

Pertect1ve Stelll
--------------OK.a
()oki~z-
OK.a
ooki_s-
arnz-
d:pxta-
arXs-
Other predictable perfective stems w111 be discussed in later units.

~~~~_~:.~ Class Verbs: Per80na1 endins of verbs wi th stems in
Persona1 endings of verbs wi th the stes which end in -- /
--
a/,
a/, -0-
/ 0/, --
el.
-- o/~!: -- l
GREEK BASIC COURSE
are
follows:
P1ura1
~!!!i~~
E8ple:
1-01
-l
-'tE
-.
1-11
-{)
~!!I!!!!!:
!!!!!:~
tr60
~&
~W
tr6
~Wt
tr6te
~..
tr61
~W()
tr&e)
Verb8: Irreplar Perf8ctlve Ste.
11ted nuber Cla.

b1ch
1--1
I-tel
l-n(e)1
~&
!!!!_!~!! Claa.
Y8rb8
ban 80 tar
'08.
verb. have 'irreplar' perfectl'"
occrred 1
tb18 cour..
The 'SNplar'
a:
I!!!!:!!~H!!_~~-!
._.
!!~!!!!!!_~!!!
,,-
~-
tro-
1'0
'_t'
'8Q'
le-
,,-
t'YVf)
'lea".'
,(,-
tny-
I-
"v
pSno
'drlnk'
"tv-
"1.-
7-
'10'
""-
plyen-
"'-
pa-
'808'
vlep-
6-
tr60
AW
""Y8v
ti
>.h
..
,,1Jpo
'o11o1n a! cop1ete
present tense and pertectl"
fo....
t_-
. abYe 'SrreULar'
erb8 tl'8n8criptln:
-------
Perlect Ste.
Pre88n\
Fo
----------------!!!e!!!:
~~!!
tr60
trne
f40
tr6.
tr6te
r4s
r4te
tr61
t.r6r.( ~)
41
r4n(e)
1'0
1'.
pde
1'.
l~te
pfs
te
1'1
l'n(e)
pdn(e)
13
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Present
?erfect Stem Form

Plural
~!~~~~!
Plural
[~yo
[~yune
[:lume
f~vyis
f~vyete
f1yis
fi'.vete
fE!vyi
f~v'J.n(e )
f:lyun(e)
p!no
pSnume
pyUe
?!n1s
p!nete
py:{s
py:{te
pfnun(e)
:{
py..m(e)
p~o
40
piyE!nume
~!: ple
40
p1y~1
ni~nete
~!: p4te
p4s
pite
r 1 Yni
;->i~nun(e) ~!
1"41
p4n(e)
pin(e)
vl~po
vl~pWIIB
06
\1re
vl~p1s
vl~p~te
v1
vHpun(e)
d()
Note 6.5 Notat1on.

Beginning wit.h ni 7 thet1oo basic forms (1.e. first person s1ngll1ar {or ! the
present tense and that ! the perfect1ve stem [or) ! al1 Class crbs occur1ng for
first t1me
the F'3s1c Jialogues or
the Narrat1ves
111
be giveo 10 the build-ups as
fo11ows:
:: (:)
arx!zo (arx!so)
to begin
()
piyno (40)
vl!!po
()
(06)
go
etc.
(The basic forms
Class 11 and Class
Note 6.6. Verbs: Subjunct1ve
the Class
3~ ~
verbs
1o111
be d1scussed
later un1ts).
verbs.
ia eelete na p!te...
other 1oords you are try1ng
to say
;
.C
l1 br
na
[lo1
all ! bore
~\'here
can
eat1
na py1me? and what can 1 dr1nk1
74
G REEK BASIC COURSE
The verb forms
/na pfte/ ~
/na. f40/,
/ra
pydme/ are subjunct1ve.

Subjunct1ve 1s most used refer t1me after that ! the preced1ng verb ( ~

/e~lete na. / 'you want [w] say [future w1th respect the vant1ng~
vh1ch 1s present]').
doubttul, etc.,
Subjunct1ve 1s used when the act10n is des1red, poss1ble, mandatory,
part1~ularly
after verbs such as 'vant', 'l1ke l
'8U8t', 'shou1d" 'poss1ble" '1mposs1b1e', etc.

trequently equ1va1ent
'
etc.
trans1at10n
'tell' and words l1ke 'can l
Used after another verb th1s
an Eng11sh verb phrase w1th
But the subjunct1ve has
''
a8 'he vants
end1ne which 1nd1cates the actor.

il1
subjunct1 ve clause, therefore,
[
'
18 80st
11ke
The l1tera1
'
be more accurately:
eat , 'that
dr1nk', ' you _ay', ' taste', etc.
The 8UDjunct1ve 10 Greek 18 fored exact1y l1ke tuture (Note 6.1.1) but
p1'8ced1ng the verb IOl 18
can,
cour8e, be e1ther
/ra/
' /n-/ before
'81p1e'
/a-/).
verb 1 tte 8ubjunct1ve
or'cont1nuoU8'.
Tbe cont1nu0U8 8ubjunct1e 1s /ra/ p1us pre_ent tense, .. &

or~v C
/8'10 na tr~ 611 1 tJra/ ' want a11 the 1e' ,
and t.he 81pl 8ubjunct1ve 18 6. /na/ p1us perfect1e ste.. t01"lll; .. & ci
/"10 aa t40/ ' eat.'.

Not.e 6.7 Verb: Ipersonal Verb .
-----
----
Oorcv EtcnE ~
.. A~
/1/'1' necesllary', '', 'should', 'oght'.
tJtan 18 8t.1n ,
. iorE cpiorE
at
se
orCltfpvcx.
The verb torIII .
person s1~u1ar only.

Other
na pite na
d.
1 At.hens 8
('goand') eat. 1 a tavem'.
tay,frna.
/pr~1/ 111 1ersonal' 111nce 1t can be ued 1 t.he
The verb that. tollws .
1Mersona1 erbs
When you
w111 be d1scussed
~2~_!:~: Cla8S Ve1"b

6c..o : (
/pr4.p1 / 18 alwayw 1n t.he ubjunct1ve.
later
unit.
/bor6/ ' be able'.

ktJzmos bor! ra p1y'n1
& .
The th1rd person s1ngular form !
ekf,
k4e.
People can go there eery day.
_ra.
/bor6/ 1s
can, 1s able', 11ke /enor/ /efxa:,istr/ etc.
/borr/ ' (she,1t.)
(see 5.9).
75
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Impersona1 use ! the vcrb form
Note 6.'3.'
'
/borf/ 'it's possi~1e', perhaps',
can, may, might'.
The third person singu1ar form
the verb
/bor6/ can be used impersonally,
e.g.
: ~.
bori na
40
stin a9tna.
Perhaps 1'11 go to Athens.
: ~.
bor! na
40
arniki.
1t's possib1e that 1'11 eat

1amb.
~~~~_~:2 Noun: The use ! the word

: -
kmos
/k6zltOs/ 'peop1e', 'wor1d'.

bori na
piy!n1
Peop1e can go
1t should be noted that the 'ford

the verb it
gverns 1 !!~!~!:.
The express10ns
!~~_~:~2
/k6zmos/ a1vays used co11ect1ve1yj
Expressions
1.
/10 k6zltOs/
means 'everybody'.
T1me
p6te
uO Tav -&
!~yi
tr!n?
to
wben does the train 1eave?
tan Jste stin ae1na,
When you are Athens, you
1.
prl!pi na p4te na f4te
nust ( go
d. tav~rna.
tavern.
/p6te/ 'vhen' is used in questions as
and') eat a
.. 1.
/p6te arxJz1 kinimat~afos?1 'wben does the mvi start?' and 1nd1rect questions:
1.
. .
uO Tav
uO Tav
g!r
arxl2ii
k1nimatyrafos.
don' t Mw vhen the 1

st.art..
/6tan/ is used to indicate a concurrent tie 'vhen', as
-& ~x
-&a
'.
~~~~_~:!.1. Adjective
1efti, .
st1n eUoa.
, ,
E~ 1.
~x .. a .
The adjective
tan . !
to Greece.
/poHs, -1, -1/ 'numerous', 'rnany','a 10t'.
!ne 18 to(n) g6zo, pu ~

~x1 p01l
\oIben 1('11) ltOY 1'11 go
1eft!.
1t's !or the peop1e vho don't

have a 10t ! oney.
/poHs/ 'numerous', 'many', 'a 10t' the !ol1owing
forms:
76
ut.I1'1' 6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
11.
polfs
o~
Plural
a.
n.
l!s
EX!~!!!!
k6zllOs
o~ x6a.o
pol
l:z
6ra
a 10t,
o~
krasf
a 10t,
! 1..
t crrC&o t
pol sta8d
88n,1
st.at,1ona
..
poll. presvf8s
181\1
bu8B
6 ~ooxz
poU
88n,1
hote1s
prfp1 na
no
kar.
Jrje
8S! pl,'p1 na p!n18 yUa
ksenooda
"(6 "'1
"ra.
cae !I'.
na
t'vyete p&nda _
8d "'1
ed8
. "'1 na plnete
ats 1'11
poli
nrd.
na plnun(8) kaf'
8"(6 prfp1 na
.! s "'1
k4e 111'..
)' ner.
- "'1
na
18 kat~.
l. 1
na
t.e
t8i1.
na py11ne
kat~.
aft!
es!
na pyf tsi1.
81111s
na
att! prfp1 na rIvyun(e)
8s1 prfp1 na pyfs ..1'6.

aft,s prp1
P'nda _ t,o t"'no.
pl,'p1 na
atts "'1
plUl8kaf' k4e!ra.
t'Y7!s
r.vy1 P'nda _
r.V'yU88 pinda _
alt6s pl,'p1 na p!D1 t,d1 W8 _ra.
na
1;1_
na rfvyo P'nda _ t,o t,...no.
"'1 na
e81
people
"'1
p&na
trfno.
t,o t,...no.
t,o
rno.
_ to t,NRO.
na tlyo .80S.
1
. .80
na tiy1
~.o
na
aft8 "'1
..
eIs r1
na !ye .80S.
es!s
na tlyete . s o
aft!
ri
na f!yun{e)
~BOB.
77
G REEK BASIC COURSE
piy~no
Ba
sti(m) brezvia
piy~nis
es! ea
sto proksen!o
py~!
aftds ea
K~ ~ra.
Ga
P~O
simera stin aqfna.
k~Ge ~ra.
es! ea
P~5
s!mera sti(m) b4tra.
estiatri ke
sto
~m!s
ea
piy~nume
sto kafenio
~:!s
ea
piy~nete
sto proksen!o
pi~nun(e)
aft:! ea
mera.
afts
ke ~ra.
p~]
s!mera sto prosken!o.
em:is ea pime s:!mera stin aIJtna.
ke ~ra.
sto proksen:!o
Ba
~s!s
ke ~ra.
ea p4te s!mera sto
prosk~n!o.
aft:! Ga p!n(e) s!mera sto(n) staem6.
Substitution-Corre1ation Dri11s
Change the form
the right
the under1ined verb (or verbs)
agree with the pronouns 1isted
each sentence:
p~p!
na
E!~~ kaf~ ~ra.
, ems, aft~s.
p~pI
na
ey6, es!s, aft!
Q~ka.
yA1a stiz
aft~s pr~pi na ~~~!~~~~ fai.
s!mera ea
p~pI
Ga
!~~
na
!!~
~10
ey6, es!s, aft6s.
eka.
stis
ey6, esfs,
ton aoerf6 sas.
~~!! na sas
!!!e!
61 tin ra.
aft~s,
aft!
s!mera.
o~ ~~~ na ~~~~
aft~s.
emis, aft6s, aft!
o~ ~~!!~ na ~~ stin aeina?
Ga sas
, aft.
aft6s,
ya tin aetna.
na
esi, aft6s, em:is.
dav~rna.
sti(n)
(1.).
ps4zwJa k4ee ~ra.
em!s, ey6.
aft~s.
aft6s,
(1.),
em!s, art6s.
, aft~s, 8,
o~ ~~~~ na !!~ p4nda efxarist.
E!~~
ey6, es1s, aft6s.
yala ke ~ra.
(1.).
aft6s,
aft~s,
aft6s, em!s.
8, B~.
m.
!?~~~ na ~ krul.
aft6s;
~10
aft6s, em:is, aft! (pl.)
na sas stis okt~.
~!!~ na
sas E~ br na
al"t6s, em!s,
S,S
esfs,
aft~s
~~ s1mera.
Substitute the words

change the aspect
the right
each sentence for the under1ined words and
the verb according1y.

s!mera.
78
UNIT 6
G REEK BASIC COURSE
pr~pi na sas vl~ruroe ~!!_~!~_~~!.
stis okt6.
pr4!pl na txete !~~~ leftA.
sIrnera.
attis prepl na plnun(e) kat~ ~!!_~!~_~r!.
stls okt6.
atts
slmera.
pr4!pl na ooklmizl
~ at.
eds pr4!pl na lmast(e) eM, ~!!_~!!!_~!:~.
stls okt6.
na rt1vyo ya taks!al ~~!_~!:~~
sfmera.
pn)pl na
}e ~ !
p4a.
sfrnera.
na [.e !~!!_~~~!.
611
p~pl
k4t3e
na r!yo '1& taks!1 !!~2-
Ara.
att~s 1 na : a6err6 tu !!~!:!.
611
1 ra.
pn1pl na pyite to(n) gar" sas !!!!_~~~~~
611
1 ra.
p~pl na bok1bwe
p4nia.
ta yl1ki
!!~~.
p~pl na !s{e) ~ !!~!:!.
ki&e _ra.
Ats . 4\ a6ert~ tu ~!t _~r:.a~
st1s okt6.
9a tro ~2!_!!!!!:! p_4rya.
stlz
_d_ . t!xwe ~~.
poU lett4.
lka.
_I_ra.
_ ardsun na trne ~!!_!!!:!_!H!_~!~.:
_Imera, st1s epU.
_Iera
ea
4\11_
kj,)e
"'ra.
na
vs
att6(n)
to
1p41llo,
---------
_ ea p!n... kal"
~~_~~~.:
_t1z
_1'8.
------.
!_() ~ k&e
.1 {.
slmera.
arus . tine !H!_~~ ryeV8.
dB .
kiee "'ra.
sas .. ~!!_~~~.
k4ee
!ra.
_1'8.
'x1s letu !!~~!.
ki~e
_ eard81 na 1 !~!!_~~!~
k4e !ra ~ka.
. e4!lls na 518 lp11ilo !~!~_~!27
kige
fra.
'!! . pyme kar~ !!~!:~.
k4ee
!ra.
dB .
k4ge
!ra.
1mast(e)
e6
s1mera.
79
GREEK BASIC COURSE
tr ea k4nete slmera?
pi~netek!ee ~ra
piy~nete tav~rnes7
e~lete
~xun
tf fayi t!
tav~rnes
e061
ne
p6s lne ta krasy!

trte
ne
p4nda sa14ta
t! ylik4
6
sart~s
na
pu tr6te?
enik
t!
tav~rnes?
ek11
tr~na
stin
e14a1
!n(e) akriv! ta isitlria ya ti brati
to fal sas ?
9~B!
sto treno1
~x!
tus
pi~nete
p6s lne ta
trte?
Ine to
~~lete
tav~rnes
tis
na p4te stin aefna1
p6s ln(e) i p4tra?
t! pot41
lne akriv4 ta potl, stis
sti(m) b!tra?
i p4tra kal!
ksenooxfa1
t 1
kim4sete aft
to pot61
borlte na
plte t!
ra
Jne1
Usef'ul vords
---------
'ro
man
f'1t1ts
student
sa1lor
lox:aa
sergeant
IOsokos
aed1c
vordJ reason, lIOt1ve
1 k6ri
daugbter
natt1s
3&
1o&s
li
to a"t'V'
egg
/ &.
to ploo kar'V'i
ealaaa
8treet.
gira
anchor
80
ut1
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Y!!!~_7
~!!!~-~!~!~~~
::
, &;
yiMka
(the) vif'e, VCI8I&
kal:i~ra, ~B !Be?
v:L ~ :
p6s !n(e) : y1n~ka
:;
su?
od orn1rag,
ki cy6 / ke 1
U_,
/
k~
OL
. '
cy6 I18s/ke 1 a.o
our
both
! U8
1;!
i dUra
{ the) .cther
t,1s y1~kas
II!U
.I,1118
'4
t:is
~o,
4ro8tos, -1,
600
-,
y1~kaz JI11.I
kt 6 _s ! ma_te ka1i.
~ : '( yVL
ytnlka8
EtVO:L ~'f.
.:6
.dtlra
iiiu,
the V1f.
ay v1tc
s1dc, 111
:. ~ both t:i ne , but rrr vJt.'.
noM .
t1s
s1clr.
!n(e) aro.t1..
yatrl5e
.C6
yatr6s
vLC ()
o:rzo (odso)
: karyi
( the ). heart
6Gvcx, -, -
abrnatos, -1,
.6, -,
18 your w1fe7
both ('a11 the two')
KL '
how are youi
YLaOfp6c;
atrs
uv:,
abinat1,
cLVXL
ber
t:ls nom!z1 pos
:L cLVXL u
KL'auOf6
U.
~p:lk{nbtn08. -1, -
vLCL,
(tb8) doctr
karbya tis tne

kaft
1!
in(e)
doc:t.OI'
t-h1nk
.eak, _l1a
dangerous
Her doc:tor th1nks
her heart
1s very wcak, and that's
dangerous.
e1
GREEK BASIC CQURSE
.\l.
epikinoino.
xron6n
.;
xr6nos
p6so(n)
(the) year
!
n ?
rio. -a.
, -, -
yer6s. -1 -6
vfa. .
sarAnda pnde
\l.
yert
f. 6 -
:-!1
xronm,ke
y1Mka.
healthy
She's qu1te you. she 1s ~
years 01 and she's 1n good health
('very healthy an).
nosokodo
na
1()
blte sto
nosokon1o.
!.
ycung
tne milon a, tne
to
old 1s she?
rather. qu1te
6 !
Hw
years
(the) hospi tal

Tou oughtto take ('go') her
the hosp1tal.
\l
1 p611s
(the) city
'
t1s p61ecs
\I~\I, .
nosokorou
~ist1x6s, 1 yatrl
\l 6
nosokomdu t1s pole6s
, f . xa.
a. In fne kaH.
the hosp1tal
c1 ty
Unfortunately. the doctors 1r:

our c~ty hosp1tal aren't good.
1 Gesalon1k1
(the) Thesalon1k1
t1s esalon1k1s
! (the) The8salon1k1
-&6, -,
kaear6s. -1, 6
clean, pure
-6
' t . -
&14 1 yatrt t18 6esa10-
ntk1s tne kaH,
are
ke ta nosokoda
hosp1tals are extrenely
-&.
kaear4.
~l.
.a
m4l1sta
But the doctors 1r. Thessalonil1

ery , the
as a matter ! fact. indeed.

certa1nly
fnos, 1 f1li
(the) friend
G REEK BASIC COURSE
U v , ~, y~6
ou.
6u.
'~6.
6 fv
& ~~ ~
1 &
inas
m41ista atr8
fact one
! ~~M
fne f110z MU. too(e)
('one doctor') 18 a fr1end
l~ne
m1 ne 1118
papab6pulo.
na
t1(m) b4tc saft.:.!ne

pra 1! kalS.
6.
a matter
nae
1s (. th.y
call h1m') Papaboulos. ou

should take her to h1l1.
He'.
'V8I'J good.
u
s1111f6
agre.
ct
toether
~oo;, -, -
l~oo,
pl.
cS:py&
aryi
late
f x~a
1 ntxta
(t,he) gt
6 tf.
ct
''cn l~oo,
'a6~6
cS:py&
& /
f)
y(;X~4.
to , .1Jta6 ..a:1
..., ldaaete
tb1 D8
1 (11) bb( ) eatta.

ryi 1
kDr 1\ [8bd) qree S.tI J08J

e re;y
to tab
.r
to
td
lat.e(r) ton1ght,.
nJxta.
~!!!!!!.~!
'f6
ci
\-0
'f6
f ~O a'awc
ta
.U
xlr1
~6 .
bocI7
t.u 8_toe
bocI7
18IId, ar
'f6
6&1
'f6
xct6Ao,
he8d
~6 ~CMIO
prepo
~aee
6 A~,
_t1
buan
pu'U
11
.,.
'" JoL(;'n)
1 dt.1
~6 6
t.o
8~
80Ith
~6 ~
artf
ear
~6 6
b6(n)d1
t.ooth
~6
lra
sldn, leather
~6 &~u/&'fu
~4kt110/~4xt110
t1rger
& 6
ta
~&
ta fra
nc88
maly4
toe
ha1r
evebros
8)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'
1 ~x!
1
mit~ra 1 y1n~kas
nomdzi
p6so(n)
atrs
odz1,
t1s1
ln(e), 1
!1
fn(e)
sas1
mitra
t1s1
100
py6s
p6s
ea
ta nosokomia tis
()
esaln1kis
t1(n) m1 tT
sas
pnd. xronn, ke
yer1.
l"
pcl! kaear!.
kal1.
fJloz mu,
ton(e}
1 yin~kas
100 saranda
fne
f110s sas1
() 1~ne1
plte
epikfnoi~o.
6xi, oist1x6s, ~ lne kal1.
pole6s sas1
p6s fn(e) i yatrl tis eesalon!kis1

p6s
pos aft6 fne
4l0n na,
1ne ka11 i yatrl,tu nosokom!u
apt1n garoy4 t1s.
l~ne
()
yatr6s.
papao6pulo.
m{lista, fmaste 4timj na ti(m) b4m(e) ekl,
ary4
nosokol!l!o'Z
nlxta.
Narrat1ve
6 Lt
ELvaL ~~o.
"~!~~ ~6
:~_E~~! tn(e) 4
-chl1d
thU8, 80
ttyi
leoforto
sfera.
!ather
'Q_~~!~e~~ ELvaL ~
4rostos.
C1~.
nurse
~~_~~~~~~~ ~ ~
orta.
o~ ~~~!~~~.
nowhere, anywhere
A~ n_~~Q!Q1D ~ 6
area,
L .
reg1~n,
secticn
fne pol! meyil1.
!~~_~f~~~~ ~ C1~ '
:~_~~~
ptme st1c eli~a.
nX
year
6 LC 6 o~ o~ EtvaL !~o '~ L ~o~.
plnEL
~6 , ~C1~~ ~ 6L L C10L.
'xo~
lvav
YLa~p6, ~6
ELvaL
x~o~ 6. '~C1L C1~ K~ ~6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ' 6 3 6 '3.
vL
3 ~ . E~ ~xo
6 ~ . 3 lL ~ vL.
vL ~ ' ~ ~o 6.
--
pd
ln(e)
ro8O&!
na
1!
1p4rx1 kanlna
.
to
pe en~s
prc!p1 r.a
no&okordo
st1(lI)
bl1
fllu
sto
MU.
nosokomo.
61, ~n 1p4rJ ka~na.
888'1
811&ta, 'xune ~na,
yatrds, 8t1<II) b611 8&&7
aU ~ Jne kau
ka1~.
4 a pA1,to b'osto ! St18 okt
~ 8 1 1 aI
S.. cenr7a ta Oeola8da t18 aeinuf
xu .ft!
_118ta.
. nosokod.
talds yatl'l18 ke
st1n
I.
patlras tu.
Jne .....,.., ke
pol Il8.
"xun.
o.8Olr6e 8 7
pd Jne
~HA)
t! 9a 'xete
Sne 88 -' pol kall per10xl 18 p~leos.
aft! ta no&okoda1
U'6m
8tHII) b611 sast
tu
xrnu .
IXW118 atHm) btI11
c!na 88YUo
noolto:dO. 1'& l an'pua.
. -_.7.'.
- - The
Not.e
~
ue
0tm1 t19'8
Cae
6a o~ ~;
1 1tAra t1a ;1n1kaz
MU.
p680(n) U'onln !re'l .
1V v1fe's IIOther
How old 1s she (bf how lIIU1'
year'8).
E~ .
IrA! sarlnda pSnde~. 5he '& Corty t1ve years old.
~o v
1 yatr! tu nosokor.1lu
thfO doctors
t he hosp1 tal
~o
1 yatri t1s eesalcnlk1s
the doctOTS
Thessalon1k1
The
Aboe
examples 111u&trate the use
genitive Case.
Note 5.2 the genit1ve case was described as 'POSsssive' case, i.e. one that
85
G REEK BASIC COURSE
generally correspcnds to 'of'
the apcstrophe-plus-s suffix in English.
addition the genitive case may be used in Greek with certain prepositicns (see later
units) as well as in certain expressicns indicating quantity (age, price, measure, etc.)as
shwn
by the second and third
eXaMles
above.
Other examples:
6 &L
to
EtVaL L&.
EtVaL
tu 1pal!lu
The employee's
!n(e) arister4.
.t10
tav!rnas
!ne
is
the left.
i kuzJna aft!s tis
The food
this tavern is
excellent.
kaH.
!na taks
!~_!:!:!
okt6
i'rn.
eight day trip
Genitive Case - Articles.
The d.efin1te article in the gen1t1ve case 1s:

.
11.
51ng.
tu
1.
ton
tis
tu
ton
ton
and the 1ndefinite article:

.-
. .
6
6a
en6a
..
Follow1ng 18
Chart
d.efjnite and indefiD1t8 article
declensi08l
~!!~!~-~!~!!
.
~.
G.
tu
.
to(n)
~.
!~
--
!:
~6
to
-r
-rGiv
&
ta
tis
tu
tcn
to
&
to
tU8
t1i
t.a
ti (r.)
86
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
Indef1n1te Art1cle
-----------------f.
~.:
/.
"
41'1&8
rda/rrY,
fna
/.
ell6.
rda./rr/'45
()
t(v)/.
u
v
'na(n}
rda/-'"
'na
!:
.
G.
~_1~!!!
Tbe
Gen1t1e
Ien1t1e
C... - Nun8
eding. DOUD8
case
are a s tollov8:
F1r8t Declension
'~
~.
~:~!:
--- -
Mc.
Ox;ytone8
paroqt.oe8 1
Felll.
Oxytoaea
-fs
-!
"18
':1
:.s
-ln
-f.
-&1
':.j
:18
-6n
-611
-,
parox"vt.one8
.:a
proparoxyt.one8
':a
oxytone.
..
"-asl":"I-:'18
-m
Second Declension
-------------------
....c.+ telll.o~one.
-6
-6
parosyt.cnes "
prop&rox;ytones
::cut.
':cr:
j:J
:-08
ox;ytone8
-6
p&rox;ytone8
11
':0
~o
-1
_O~
Note 7.2.
------
ou:
F1rst and Second Declen810ns:
Follw1ng
Charts
F1rst and Second Declens10n nouns:
87
cwrr
--.------.
:I6 DECLES
~!!!
a5culine
u
u
!.
1s
:'
!.
:. a
.
.
1 -1
t1s -1a
~!:2~~!!! ~~
: 1
- ,
&
:'18
-u
:. 1(0)
-<
::t
.....
.....
~
<,,:,
~~!,12
:. 1
-...,--85
t.u ....yU
:-a(n)
to -!
:. 1
:.
_ J
:'-as/-!'is
:. a (n)
-'8
:. 88
:. 88
1.....
- 48
:'-e8
ta -
-6n
-6n
-&
ton -eSn
-6n
-&1
I~-r..
--60
t.n! -y6n
Acc.
tus -eIJ
:. 8S
:'88
t-i8 -4s
-u
- 88
- 8
:'-e8
ta -J'
1()"':)
PltIr
---------------------------------------------------------~-----
~~I?!~~:
fititis
'student'
18 loxlae
i;.iior is;rgeant'
i
!_!r!~!
'Irea'
1 61
..
,()
_---.-------.-------.~-
ia&ugtter'
!_~!~~
'heart'
1 k1r1.
l&dj-
..
2!~~!
to -i
.:..
:. &(r.)
<)
CQ
~~2~~~
:. 1 (n)
to(r.) -1(n)
<)
tu -i
Acc.
1!~~~~ 1!Ml~~ 2!~
.
-15
!!!~!:!r_!~!
------- .. -----
Ye1ie oan
---------------
~~
.....
---~-.-.--------
NoU118
&
:.,.
---~--._.------~~-- ----------------------
!_~I!&!r!_
'anchor'
~2_~~!
'chI1d'
kanv1
iihljjT---
i_Mlt~!
'5ea'
.:
Neuter oxytOfle and pr~OI'II!I noane 1n /-1/ beeQ 1cluded 1D the 1 Decleaa10n Chart due to s1ilarLt.7 their
in!lect1n
pattern.
t-<'
..
J)
;:
u
u
J)
<
I:Q
::t:
..
..
. .-..----._-.--.....- --------~~---------'
-----------.----------------------------~----------.--.-~~-------------~-------~-.-.-
IJ
~E!!!I
2.!~!!~!
~.!!~~ 2_!!!!~l'2!
'brotber'
'edlc'
,~I'I'
!_2!
!.~~
1 &14ksoo
, '
'P.n'
'outlet'
-----------
~ .. !;Y~
'eg'
S2_PlU
'shlp'
!:2_!O~~e!~9
'au1iClllob11e
G REEK 8ASIC COURSE
From the charts above, the

!
stress
[0110~
ru1es can be observed with
re~ard
the
shift1n
Greek nouns.
,) The stress
Greek nouns may sh1ft only from '1eft'
'r1ght'. 1.e. from an
ear11er sy11ab1e a 1ater : from antepenu1t (th1rd sy11ab1e from the enc) ta penult (second
syllab1e 1'rc end) or the last syllab1e, and tro the penult to the last syllab1e.
The
on oqtone ncnms 1s, therefore, constant.
Str888
2) The parcxytone and proparoxytc.ne nouns ! the ~!!:!:_e!~!!.~!~!! inc1ud1ng paroxytcne

!!!~:!:! nouns 1 /:'1/, sh1ft the1r stress the 1ast sy1lab1e 1 the gen1t1ve p1ural.
add1t1on Neuter nouns 1 /:1/ sh11't the1r stress to the last sy11ab1e 1 the gen1t1ve
singu1ar. (e.g. kar4v1 ~ karavyd).
The stress proparoxytone nouns 01' the ~~~~_Qe~!!~!~!! sh1fts the
penultimate (second trom the end) syllab1e 1 tbe gen1 1e s1ngular and p1ura1, and 1 the
accusat1ve p1ural (nascul1ne and fein1ne on1y), e.g. k!r1os - t-u k1rfu - g1rfon tus k1rius; a!tokfn1to - tu attok1n1tu - a!tok1n{tonJbu~: . attokfn1ta.
~!_Z:.!:.!.. Houn:
1rregular Dec1ens1on:
/0 rr6nos/ 'year' and 6
/01lyos/ 'vord', 'apeech', 'reason'.

6
vords
'1
/0
s1ngular l1ke Second Dec1_ns1on 188cul1ne nouna.
the p1ural,
(and. l1m1ted nwber other nouns) have Ol8:
6 .
/1
/0
xrfJnos/ and
0De
hever,
the..
vord8
6.
'regular':
- 6 .
1671/ and one '1rregular':
1lyo/ are 1nt1ected 1 the
/1 xrdn1/,
- 6.
/ta rr6nya/,
/ta 1tya!.
1 should be noted that the p1ural Ol
're&80ne' whlle the (
- 6.
/u
6 .
/1 1cSy1/
1(ya/ lIIana 'vord8' only.
~!~.
_~h
tu
6()
to(n)
-6
!~:!_Z:~.
eana '8p8_CbeS' or
6.
on
xr6os
xr6nu
rr6(n)
rr~
or
--
xr6non or
.
- 6 tus rr6nus ~!:
6.
6.
ta xr6nya
on
xron6n
ta
xr(,'Iy&
Adject1ves:
F1rst and Second Dec1ens1ons.

1
-,
stated
1 ).1
the
mo
/-os, -1, -o/(l1k K6,-~,-6
frequently used adject1ves

!kas,-,-/) or 1
e1ther
-, -11, -
-,
/-os, -a,
90
G REEK BASIC COURSE
-o/(like
All
, ,
adject1ves end.1ng
DMne
.,
lo~o, o~a, o~o/).
1-11
1 -
or -
-aI are dec11ned l1ke F1rst
Declens10n rem:in1ne nouns.

All aacul1ne adjectivcs end.1ng 1
I-osl
are decl1nd l1ke Second. DecleD810n
I88cul1ne nouna.
All neuter adject1ves end1ng 1 -
1-0/ are c1ec11ned l1ke Second Declension
neuter nouns.
I:.x.ales:
Pl.
Sg.
.
G.
G.
oe
ke
lral6
tu
1ra111
'S'6v
1816
'S'6
to
to
Iral
vcro'S'()'S'6
to
n&rt1
'S'ov
tu
tu
.w.6
la1
kal1!
6
ka3.6
~
{
Cl..U
'
pey\i
or8ea ke 1ra1"
oree
ka1
11Mb-
yc~
tus
lc8en&cdo
vCu
Jaeood
Iaenoxo
'S'&
Urte8
&
ta
c:..&
lra1i e7'
u'S'v 'S'v nc~.
ga nattr
ka1w.
1ra1U 7iMk
vu'S'
'S'06 o~
pe
Ite
'S'v
ton
c:.
ka16
'S'
t1s
'S'6
'S'ou
ton or8cn lc8 Iral 1inea5n
yWka
li
'S'v c
~(y)y
itt1
'S'
yc
kaHs;v1n8ra
v~'S'
to
.
6()
y~
y1rIera
vcro'S'
'S'OU
ton
re
'S'~V ()
Un
lc8 Jra]j
'S'
t1
.
vu'S'
ntrte8
ton pl8n pe&,.Jn
'S'&
&
c..&
ta lra1i e7'
'S"
&
1ia
1raU
'S'v
toD
16 laeDnd-
'S'&
ta
lraU
tEvo6 o X Et c
vt
JcHoa
91
GREEK BASIC COURSE
shou1d be noted that the stress
the adjectives
a1ways persistent
ad
does
shift as does with some types ! nouns (see Note 7.2 above).
The on1y exception
speaker) may or may
this ru1e are proparoxytone adjectives which (derending
shift their stress
/ton mo yinek6n/ or
'! the pretty women~
the
the genitive p1ura1, e.g.
6 /t n6st1mon y1nek6n/
Both pronunciations are acceptable 1 'Kathomi1~n1'.
!i~~~_'Z~!t. Adjective: 6
/aft6s/
6 6
v1~pete
/610s/.
afto(n)
()
Do you
that gent1eman?
girio.
' & '6 6
61es 1
~ saft
All
1eofor!0, !ne
seats
th1s bus
are taken.
pyaz~nts.
The adjective
1 modifjes.
/aftS/ 'this' !:!_!~!!~~~ by the art.ic1e p1us the noun

6
Contrast
6 6
!kwn&
ka1
ksenoooxic/ or
/to ka1 ksenoaoxfo/.
Most adjectives, l1ke 6
/ka16s/ occur between the art1c1e and the noun (as
Engl1sh).
/610s/ 'a11, every' 1 &1so generally !~!!~~~ by the art1c1e and the noun,
.
~~~!_!:~. Adject.1e:
adject1ve
10 kZ80S 1.
, ,
1
1nflected
/polB, -,
Everybody 18 here.
-1.1
fows:
2!~
_!:.
-~:
polfs
11
11.
-~!:.
/ I1
6
pol!(n)
()
l()
pold / I1
polds
_!:
&
P01~8
14
pc16n
.\
&
l.
G REEK BASlC COURSE
!~~~_Z:~. The word
1ndeed',
'1
)".
/4lisa! \l8ed 1 the sense ! 'as a _tter fact "
part1cular'.
' 1tcn .'f6 .

..
nas
m4lista
fl
fne
yatrs
As a
attEr
tact
0118
doctors 1s a fr1end
IIIU.
Th1s exale shows 1d1oatlc use the
/4l1sta/
1.
las a _tter
tact'.
Other
exple8:
'f 'f 'f;

6 'ft.
r,
ta~rnes
61es 1
.'f, ~''f .. , 'f1,
retsfna,
~ ~'f.
apart~s, 11
d.
th1s town
ha\""e 'rets1na l ; one [ thell]
es ~u
af\!s t1s
the taverns
11
_l1sta
6tl krasf
w1ne that you [1181'] vant.
part1cular has [any klnd
'W1ete.
; 6; !6 .
;,
t,.cn,~'f;
. o~ ~.
~l8 1 nosoktmes
fne ka1ds, nda

apatt~s. :!
A11st,a
the nurses here are lood,
[but]
p4ra
t,hsJI
partlcular 1s e.xce1lent.
kalI.
po]J
l.~~-!.:.! The U8e erb
l1
e66
/):q'bl ' 10'
&8
equ1alent Engl1sh ' take
(B~one Boe.N)'.
.. 4 n I'fCC1'f6
t.
i
lIIU8t taJce her \0
D08ok08fo.
:ou
'ffiv ni're a' W'f6v
.at
ter
to
h1J
Whea tbe "rb . /~/'IP' 18 wed vith a d1reot object, 1ts rean1ng
corre8p0nd8 to the Engl1sh ':.rana1t1Vf!.
verb
'
take
(soeone Bone'fhe)'.
Other eUlllplea
itE'fE 4
xtvYJ'fO
aac;
'f'C1~'fO
6 ~C1.6;
4!lete
na sas 488
att.okln1
()
, 3 a'f .
n',
!10
you vant
by car.
take you
statl0n'l
staem6'l
na
ek:!.
ne pdt(e)
Yes J I'd 11ke you
take
ne
there.
93
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~~~_I.:~:. The use ! the word

, ,
/puOeM-/'nowherc , an.., place' and
&
/kan~nas, kan:fa, kan~na!'nobody', 'on'
'an,ybody', 'any one'.

&.
p1~nume
&
. La.
puaeM-.
~e
1puxun pueen4 ek:i
are
golng anywhere.
There 1sn't any F.xpens1ve

hosp1 t.al over therc 'nwhere
akriv4 nosokomia.
there expens1ve hosp1tals do
ne~at1ve
verb
the statements as
/puoeni/ 1 always used w1th a
&
should be not.ed that the word
exist').
the examples above.
the 1nterrogat1ve senter.ces, however, the verb may be either affirmative
neeat:1ve clepend1ng
the meaning,
..
& ;
3:1
p4te pueeni s~:ra'l
Are you go1ng
~.
place
today'l
& & ;
ea pilte pueen4,
Aren't
sfmera
The vord
kan~M/ behaes 1
yu
go1ng any place
today'l
/kan4nas, kamfa (kaY4,
.,
the sae way, . g.
. l:.
eO.
!ne ka.nnas
There 1.8 one here.
but:
. l:
!ne kwna8
. t;
fne
k&nnas
any
here
I8n't anyboQy here1
~~~~!~!!_Q~!!!!
~!!_~!H!.
ume
ks~ri
to kar4vi tu M-ft1.
aOerfa tu loxta.
kserume aelf~ tu f1t1t:f.
ksrune
ks~ri
prctim41 t1(n) 0481 tu loxia.
t1n
y1nka
~~ azI
tu staem4rxi.
me t1s
yin!kes
ton nat't6n.
ks~ri 1() mit.la [~.
to(n) yBr t-u lox!a.
p1yenun sta
vl~pun
t~na
tis yinikes
lox:i6n.
lox16n.
UNI:T 7
GREEK BASIC COURSE
1~po aert
kslro tus n4ftes aftu tu karavyd.

v1~pun
:tne
aertlls
tus
y4la
po1l1
tu
\1.
k~r1
_1.
sta
e4n.m taftok1n1ta att.on
-------
ks~run
karav16n.
ts4y t1s k1r!as.
l~p1 .
attls t1s
oU.
~x!
tus aoert;)s
ta
oitia
par4e1ra tu
ta 1s1tlr1a
a()erf6n sas.
p1y~nun
lpal:1lon.
proti~Jn afts
sta
brezv16n.
st1s kuzlnes
po1l
tu 1pal!lu.
ksenoox1a
61. ta
r1~nun
pi~nun
.ftok!n1to tu yatrl1.
ksero tus 1pal11us
Q~a1s on
kSrw .et
prot1mA1
!ne
la1 88t1atonon.
t1s
ks~r1 es
tu peoY\1.
t1s yinikas sas.
davern6n.
y1nek6n DB8.
a!tl1 tu
ksen!u.
omatu.
leofor!on.
estiatria .
t1.
~.1B aftokin~on.
Outl1ne:
Subject
(dject1n .Noun)---3)~ Object
-----att6s ln(e)
(Adject1ve+Noun)
Ddela
kal6s kfr1o..
att6
In(e) kau-;,o. 8taeS. (Ja8ro)
attl
In(e) 1
att
Ine
or~a
tt3n
tavirr..
vl~po () ga1(n)
(vll!po).
attl 1n(e) 1
(Ixu)
1118
att.
e8t1at6r10. (ell1)
g!r10.
o~. y1n!ka. (kHrm)
dkr peJ!.
In(e)
1118
(Ixi)
katl.. (C>ok1IIIta1)
att6s In(e)
n6o. 8tae4rxjs.{ksfro)
aft! In(e) 1 4rost1
atL6s In(e)
att
Ine
(vl~pun)
att
Ine
en1k 6. ()
Ocalrun)
attl !n(e.) 1
aft6s In(e)
4rostos ep1v4t1 (vl~pun) .

~. 80k_.
kal6s 1p411los.
ln(e)
attl In(e) 1 perlt1m1 retsina. (prot1m6)
aft4 Ine
At
aft~s
_.
In(e)
In(e)
akr1Y
oreos
pot6.
(p!nun)
k1n1mat6yratos.(vl~pun)
d~A.
(vl'pun)
mey410 leotorro. {prot184n)
1mo
. t~8ka
yatr6s. (kslro)
ps4rya. (tr6ne)
!n(e) 1 meyiles amaksost1x!e (rlvyun me)
aft! ln(e) i perit1m1 &nsropl. (kserume)
9S
G REEK BASIC COURSE
the nouns in parentheses as 'possessors' (genitive case)
,) lIse
the following
sentences.
:1odel:
aft !
to kald peur.
aft !
to
afts
ka
peo! tu naft1.
( a~erf6st
tav~rna.
afti ln(e) i ftini
kals p~lloB.
in(e)
aft! !n(e) 1 orta ylnika.
jne
kr!o
staem6s, i k1rIa,.
yatr6s,
staem6s)
kIr1os,
[loa
aft
rAftis,
ksenocoXo)
i prezvfa.
(1 p61is.
neyAl.o kar~v1.
ine to
afts
naftis)
~os k1n1mat6~rafos.
ln(e)
aft
of!los sas)
nosokomo)
stae~rxls,
aoerr6s sas,
sas)
kIrios,
1 k1ria,
yi~ka
sas,
1p411l0s)
att
2) Put
perSfimo
[.
(1
1
above sentences
tavSrna,
plo)
estlat6r10,
plural.
odl:
-----
a1't
fne
kal pe:l. (
artA lne ta
ka1l pey4
p6aon
xronn
~B3?
p6son
xronn
fn(e) 1
&XEte
re?
p6son
xrnn
me i
natt6n.
~xun
yi~ka
jne ta
po-l
1y:ta tu pat8ra
sas?
i mit/ra sas?
888
pole6z mas, jne
aftl . nosokoma"
na klnete, : fste 4rostos?
prepi na k4nete,
nosokomon
t.an
yin!ka &8
lne 4rost1?
ke t1s
ine eplk!nolno na
pos 1 yatrj
pol~B
arstus.
sas1
nit8ra& sa8~
oQz
ta nosOkomia t1s pole6z maa
jne ft1n4,
l1 :ln(e) pat~ras ke
ps
n4!t1s)
tis
borite na
MU
~xete anat karyi?
ta
~11
tu
smats?
kalf~
96
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Unit
JUI&a t (&&)
'.6,
"'t
Ull'f 8
a9o (_)
-1), -6
-,
el1n1k6s,
.Mt
1,
-6
Greek
ta el1n11c4
te
' &av E.Mt.
to _tq
(adj~)
Greek
11m studylng Greek.
"'t.
1 t4ks1s
(the) c1as8, order
"'
k4pote
80_le
-n "'t. '"' "'
Jmas~e
sti(n) dAks1 mas
o."'"'C xt MtO"'E ..
plnde f'1 1 U , ke
k4pote,
we
have
class
fks1.
8tuder.ts
( 1
ollr class
t1 studEnts') and
our
W8
0881e.
81.
..cnx6,
-1), -6
&1plo.at1k6s,
-,
"c
c DfO
1 1p1re.Ja pl1ro-
n V4o.
t~seris
10ma
Jne
t1kJ
141111, kyo
c .
~naa
apt1n
KI.cS
..
1piesJa
Four are Foreign 5erv1e.

OrC1eers and
18 rrOll
U.5.!.!.
plirofori6n.
uo."'"'I
f\J1tv,
Iksipnos, -1,
-, -
./.
(..)
simfititfs
milao/mi16
ac
(the) fellow student

-
(111181)
i "(16sa
"'"'
,
U.S.I.A.
tor16n
"'. c. .
~ ''''l)
d1p1oat1c
(te) HYice
1p1e_.
-6
..
~nas
eksipnos,
speak
( peaJa)
(the) language, tongue
simfitit!z mu !ne
1!
1nte111gent
mil~i
One fellow student
mine 1s
intellignet, he speaks
97
GREEK BASIC COURSE
eksi yloses.
si languages.
-&
-&
i kaBiyftria
( the) professor, high schoo1

teacher
(the) teacher (female)
'
(the) Greek (male)
'lSvoa
-&
'-
cm ''tTv
'
tHinas
i el1nba
(the) Greek (female)
t(o) 6noma
(the) name
kaBiyitfz
ine
0Ur teacher 15 a Greek froa
n aptin .
Athens.
L 6-
tcnom4 ti1, ine
?ap&dopoulos.
papaMpulos.
'-&.
kaeiyitis
()
-,
oiitoros, -i,
to read
1 fr1
6'tL
oyav4zo (oyav4S0)
'tL)
(a)
His name is
( the) sentence
1 prtasis (pl. prot18) (b) 88DtenC8J J*'OPCIIit1CD

epana1amvILno (epana-
to repeat
livo)
't6 &
't&L
L't 't
a&.
arts
mas
He reads us various aentences
oi4fores prot4sis,
keds
and we repeat tbea.
tis epana-
lav4nwe
rot40/rot6
to ask
/'t"a
rot4i
he asks
t'tL/'t"L
i er6tisis/i er6tisi
(the) quest.ion
pl.
-&, -&a/
a-&&, -&a

' L 't ,
' -&
kaeenas, ea/
talk
each
on,
every
e1', kaeena
i yn6mi
(the) opinion
fstera mas rot4i ertsis, Then he a sks (us) questions,ve ta1k
rni18me, k;yo
nas
181
and every
g1 &
( t ay t) hi8
98
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~ou.
t1 61 tu.
opin1on.
~6 .ci .
yilia
(the) 1nter1ss10n, break
&., -, -
etx4ristos, -1, -
pleasant
'" cn;~/'.;/c:N;~~(1.
i sizftis1/i s1zft1-
discussion,
conersat1on
E~6 6.ci. tvou ~6
A,c6 c, ; . 'Ixou 4. c:Nt~~a..
sto
y!i_
p!nU8
el1n1kb kar, as kex-e

etdr1st1 s1z!t181.
Dur1ng the break ...
dr1k
our
Greek cottee and ba"

a pleasant di8CU8S1on.
(tbe)e"n1ng; 1r tbe e1n,
at
'f6 cmt'fI.
to
'f6 't....
1.
.1_
( tbe)
hOU88, boe
(tJe)
1888_
..ef_ta
pl.
spft.1
'f& ~c
' O~.c
'fCl.vtc
1 tenfa
( ~M) l1J, 1 cture
' w ..~
1 _yn1 toton1kf
(te) tape
(the)
tenfa
'fCl.v'C
'1'6 66. cmS cm''f. ;

, & &u
91
'f6
&~4
Yr'1, 8~O spft1 ...,

",1
.na
le ~o
;. ~ o~ .: 'fW
_81. . . ., _
y~o. ~...
vofd1a tQn _yntto-
~1
we ba" to
hoe
at
learr
our
le8Scn A~
1 1 tb t.Ie 181
t.ape8.
ton1kbn ten1bn.
66cnoAo, -, -
f8kos,
-1, -
' 6u.&
1~
() orc, job
c:N6
s1nxr6nos
at the
d1ttlcul~,
hard
Bae 1e,
81ultaneoU8ly
Ec. 66' 6ouAeIr&, &u&

c:N6 c' 6 &.~.
!ne fskll ul4, &14

1
etx.trist1.
ke
It's a d1ft1cult job but at

the
sae 1e
pleasant
a very
99
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'
py6s
ma~n1
p6s1
f1t1t~,isaste
e11n1ki1
!n(e) 61i 1
ey6
st1(n)
d~ksi
~B~no
e1inika.
st1n d&kai mas, imaste pnd f'1t1te.
sas?
fit1t~,o1p1omatik! ip~li11?
~nas
6xi,
apaftus in(e) apt1n ip1resia
p11rofor16n.
ti ine enas s1mfititis sas1
~o s1~it1tiz
p6ses
ni ! ~ksi 1ses.
1scs
apo pd in(e)
m1141
ka11tis
p6s ton
1~ne1
tf k!n1
kaiyitis
tf k4nun i
afts1
sas1
ine i1inas, aptin

ton
sas sti(n) d8ksi?
papao6pulo.
kaiitfs1
mas rotAi erotfsis.

i1&i.
!11.-?
ke 181 tin "(tIi tu.
pinume ton
e1inik kaf~
ef~rlsti
t!
pr~pi
prot~sis.
prot~sis.
epana1amv4nun tis
tf an k4Be fitit:ls1
tf k4nete sto
ana.
mas oiav4zi oi4fores
fitit~1
tf rot4i istera
l~ne
1 ~ks1pnos.
mu, !ne
p~p!
na k4nete to vr40i sto spiti sas1
na
viia
p6s in(e) atti 1 ou1yi?
sizitisi.
m4ume
ton
k~xume
mas,
to
mai4
manitfnikn
ine ofsko11, a14
s1nxrn8
mas,
ti{ n)
ten16n.
ke
efxAr1st1.
Narrative
UQ!~ 6 ~
!:!!!
fiyo
JII
to
t~no,
before, ago
p~p! a ~xo ~M
~~~o.
isitirio.
' ' 1. X~e!!.:.
i 1!a in(e) ~~a ~~!:!:.
'!!_2X2~~ i~ ~ :K~~. 1 sxoH afti ine alr1vi.

6 :
!~_~!!!2~e1~!2 'E~
to
uoUo
~_~~~!!~ eksoter1k6n
country
schoo1
ler
8choo1
Departent !
St.ate/M! n1s~ry
!
6 io:O
to
ipuryo
(the)
Fore1r,n Affairs
Jin1stry
too
GREEK BASIC COURSE
afts Z~_~E~~!~!
yatr6s.
()
'~~~!~
Su40
k;i3e
&~& .
nx: ra,
that
~~~!!~~~
a3 u.
~& (~&)
~~2 ~
study
pol:
-, -
eklnos,
3 ~!g!eg~~ ~6
3&
fne
akri4.
, -, ~o
Xra
ek1ni i
(spuo4so)
3,
~tafr4zo
o~
-& ~ ~.
(metafr!so)
p;ime
aefna,
~~~ 1
translate
only
p!me ke sti(m)
b!tra.
A~6 ~6 ~x
art~
!!eg1~!g.
~6
A~ x~ &
ksenoox10, ~x
pol' '!:!~:!.
pr4yma
att.:t
!!~!!!~.
\ b1 n
, !1 ~nan
meyilo E~!!~!!~.
o~H6
politiz6s
~' ~
stis
u'f6 !~~!! M~ / --
to
(Ko~)
&C~ &~
1t!ra
6 ~ ~ 2~! '
~ ~.
-&
a\ tour
ptnda
o'clocC
tu.
akuo (ak6ao)
bear,
l1aten
esIs &yavAzete pfnda me
!!e2~X~
0
t~seris
aft& !!~
~O\J.
c1n l1sa\1oa
prosoxi.
i
prosox.
kri
t1s
tis
attent.1on
1 0141
()ul~s
------ s61ea
ti8.
voiGcS
help, a&sist
~KO 3 ~ . '
'~ ~ &30
~
'~6
~ ~K ~o ~K ~ oU-
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ .
~ .
~ 'L
o~ 6 , ~xo V
6 ~ .
~o 6 ~
~o 6 6 .
W 6 , '

6 & ~o 6 ~ .
' &
~&
'
!naropi
e~lun
slmera na p4ne stin
prdp1 na ktnun, prln p4ne stin
e!a?
x~r(a)
1~tikl
aftI?
prepi na
Meun
ir-41ili.
elinik4.
st1n 1omatik axoll tu ipurJiu eksoterlk6n,
pu arx!zun maelmata elinik6n?
st1n yuisinkton.
~x1
i e11nikl t4ksis
pol~B fitit~s1
6xi, i e11n1kl t4ks1s,
p4r.da
~na
vjkr6
ariem t1titdn.
p6aes dres t1n
8ti(n)
dk!
i~ra Su4un
ritit~
spu,Mzun ~k81 res t1r. 1dra.
tU81
tf ktnun ekn
kae1yitls tus
tis
ad1
epanalam4nun.
rota1 erotIs1s.
prot4s1s kekln1
fstera artds tus
~x
s1z1t181 ke k4pote
metafr4zun to ma9iIIIIk tus.

ma~nun
m6no ti(n) yldsa saftl ti sxoll?
6xi.
rnaO~nun
ton
tf k4nun 1
r1t1~
lstera apo ti(n) d4ksi?
epls1s ke
14
pr4ymata 18
bolitizIII tise14as.
pi~nun
kyakUne me prcsox! tis
maynitoronik~s
tenles.
tus
14!
art6, ya na m4eun t1n y16sa?
m'lista, tus
14!
p4ra poll.
,02
UNIT 8
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Gramatica
Not
Noter.
e.1. Pronoun: Possessive Pronouns
~ ~L ~ nfv~E
stin d4ksi
p~OO 1t!.
L~~t.
! s1fitit 111 .
YL~p6c; ~ vtCL
'
The
'!
me'.
coIlete
ber') as equ1valent
one
yatr6s tis nondzi ...
The above sentences illustrate the use
the
oyr
class.
~ vL~~
('of us',
\':e have five students
lmaste
! l\ llw
students ..
her doctor thinks
genitiv
case
perscnal pronouns
English possess1ve pronouna
('or', '~',
'her').
these forms is:
tI\Y ('! e')
\)
ycur
h1s
tis
her ('of her')
1ts
('! 1 )
r.&S
or
('of \;.s')
sas
yur
tus
tt..1r
~o\)
~o
'fO\)c;
(a.)
('
('of
(, ! ycu")
him')
')
('
thell')
These pronons ar~ ~!!!~~!!!~ and follow the noun they mod1fy, e.g. ~6 ncnt \)
pebf ru!'rry
pronon
may
!ollo
111 peb:l/ ~
but
e1ther the adject1~e ' the noun, e.g.
~6 6 L t
Wben the
autcat1cally
However, 1f 1a od1f1ed by another adject:lve the POS888a1"
chlld'.
od1f1ed
Aa
/to kal6
/to ka16 pe3:1 JJ/ 'rry good chlld~
by the possess1ve adject1ve 1s proparoxyt.1)ne, the stress 18
ah1rted the syllable, e.g. !~o
/0 anerop6z IfIl1S/
&~6
!~~_~:!.
~6 6 Lt
'or
/0
ineropoa/ 'the
man',
man
Pronoun: Personal pronouna used as d1rect and 1nd1rect Objecta.

~ng11sh
a verb (e.g. he
personal pronouns can be used either aa direct
Pronouns used
- direct obj.; he said

d1rect object
~~_~
'
ind1rect objects
- 1nd1rect obj.)
a verb are:
me
me
af
se
~6()
hiM
103
GREEK BASIC COURSE
()
tin
her
it
mas
sas
you (1.)
tus
them(m.)
tis
(r.)
(n. )
D1rect object pronouns a1ways come before the verb. except
some 1mperat1ve (command)
constructions (see 1ater un1ts).

1::
6 6.
l~ne paa6U.
They ca11 h1m Papadopou10s.
~fL L6.
se 8411
The
L L.
tus rotAi erotfs1s.
The 1nd1rect object pronouns are the

d1fferentiated
!~_~!~!~
yatr6s.
as
doctor wants you.
He asks them questions.

possess1ve pronouns but are
by an accent mark.
I1
me
su
you
'toiJ
to h1II
t1s
her
'toiJ
tu
1t
l:8
us
YOl1
't
tus
them (m..f n.)
(.)
But, un11ke the possess1ve pronouns. the 1nd1rect object pronouns a1ways precede
the verb.
1:
L LLL.
mu pul4i 1s1tJria.
She sel1s tickets
LL / :.
miUi
He talks to 1011 a11 the
Qa tu m1.lAo
'toiJ
L 6:
LJo!.cX.
611 tin &ra.
el1n1kA.
pUda
me.
t1e.
I'l1 speak 1f1th h1m alvvs

:in Greek.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
When tvo pronouns are used a5 direct and indirect object
mlIT
a verb, the 1nd1rect
precedes the direct, e.g.
8& 6 f'x.
ea to s:Unera.
6 & .&' 6 .
ea sas ta yaw8U111 to '&1. \Ole '11 read the to you ton1ght.
add1 10
can be u.ed
the prcnomina1 forrns descri bed
d1rect or 1Dd1rect Object
1'11 11 it to you tod.q.
abve, Mr
are 10nger forms vhich
the verb.
The long pronomina1 forms are:
Tbe
eIIna
B~M
you
~!: yau
att6n
h1III or to h1III
()
her 2!:
aft6
or
.i
u.
~!: U8
&
you
aftl1s
the.
(n.)
aftls
croTci
aft'
1og prono1nal 10'8 118
be used e1ther for
her
(f. }
me
(n.)
you
or to theIII
,
,
bas1,
e.g.
x&~ . !.
ka91yitls
1~p1
It's _
e.na.
It's you (d1r.Obj.)
or after prepos1t1ons,
afts lIa1
mi1A1
..
he
He '. talk1ng .!!!.. (ind1r.(\b.~.) .
..:
' .ci !.
byavaso
!.
f1yo m(e) aftus.
& . '!
..
the teacher .e.8.
'l1 _.
6 .&. .
(d1rect Object)
n(}
esas.
8.10 na ,
5(e)
es~na
e1iniki.
1'11 read together with you.

1111
1~
dcn't
with them.
~n
to read Greek
you.
10S
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~!?~~_~:.~
, -, -
Pronoun: Demonstrative pronouns:

ek! r:os-i -
l'L , -, -
, ,
l t ,
laft6s-f-61 and
laft6s, aft!, aft61 'this', 'that' and l'L,
l'L
lekfnos. ektr.i, ek!nol 'that', are used both ,) independently,
as 'demonstrative pronouns'. and 2) modifying a noun. as adjectives.

,
-,
laft6s, -1.,
'that' depending on the context,
-61
may correspond 1n mean1ng Engl1sh 'this' or
e.g.
X~o .
afts 'neropos,lne
kalSs.
f f .
aft pu l~te,
-6
lart6s, -1.,
'lbat you say 1s
ka.
lne
good.
order avo1d any JIIb1gu1ty the adverb

, -,
Th1s man 1s good.
le'66/ 'here' can be added
pec1f1cal1y 'th1s' and
-61
lek1.1
doctor.
'there'
Mean spec1f1cally 'that" e.g.

afts
l'L . ..
: atrs.
e'66
artA ek1. .
,o'U.
Th1s one
Those are l\ chlldren.
pey4 1.
, -, -
laft6s, -1.,
-61
wh1ch usually eans either 'th1s' or '' 1
respect d1stance, becoes def1n1tely 'th1s' when paired w1th

IfJk:MJB ,-1, -01,
l!, -,
e.g.
. . ,
! . .
afts k:r1os 16,

ek:nos
klr10s ineki.
Th1s
and
gentlean

18 here
1s there.
lKEt
.' t. 6
kek:n1 alne me
prOSOXi.
, , !
English 'that'.
word
l!
and they ('those') l1sten to JW
leknos, ekin1, ekinol correspcnds 1 ean1ng
spec1fy clearly
leki/ 'there'.
Thus
attent1vely.
' oer
l! !
there'
1 ray
be coni:l1ned w1th the
lek:ns ekfl eAB 'that OV8r
there', e.g.
' ! ..
.&.
ek:fn08 ek!
r~141
e11nikA.
That
over there speaks
Greek.
106
UNIT 8
GREEK BASIC COURSE
nay
shclJld be
also noted both
e1 ther precede or fol1ow the noun they modify,
6 ~y~po vL -
leknosl
. g.
afts !nrs,lne
6.
la!t6s1 and
Th1s
an
1s good.
ka16s.
~
or
l~po 6 -
4n9rpos aft6s, Jne
6.
ka16s.
Note 8.).1 Alt.ernate

---------
forlllS !
6,
-,
-6
laft6s, -, -61 and
, -, -
lekfnos, -1, -.
lart6s, a!tf, aft61 ha8 alternate forlll8 1 11e
6, , 6
s1ngular and plural, while , -, - lekfnos, -1, - alternat.e O18 1

!1e
s1ngu].ar on1y.
Q!~:.~!~
aft6s
art!
\)
att6
aftl1
ekfn1
ekfno
/
/
\)
tLV\)
ekfnu
atWa
aftA
ek!nus
ek1ns
aft11s
ekfnon
/~y
art6n a!ton6n
ek!nu ek1nu
ekfn1s
!~~:.~!.
att6n arton6n
aftun11
att6n a!ton6n
att:ls aft1ns
\)
ekfnos
\)
art\1 aftund
'6
Q!!!:.~!.
ekfnon
LV\)
ek:lnes
.-
ek1nd
Lv
ek:lnon
ek!na
Exaplea:
6 ntL \) (\))
spJti
aft~ (~!:aftunu)
\) ~pno -
tu aner6pu, ln(e)
6.
akriv6.
6 ()
6.
peoi aft!s (gt:aftinis)

tis
yin~kas,
This man's house 1s

expens1ve.
This woman's child is small.
Ine mikr6.
107
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Note 6.~
--------
~~estion
6, -,
words
.6, -,
Ip6sos, -1, - 'how much, how III&ny' and
Ip.v6s, -4, -61 'whlch','which ~ne','who'.
-6
6 ;
6 k4nun
How much do they
.6 . 6 K~o;
py6s in(e) afts
~~o
cst
is that gentleman?
kiris
The questlon word

The.ue
sentence.
p6so1
1680., 6.1,
Ip6so1 'hw much' 18 used acI.verb1ally the aboe
word i. used
1 rM !
6, 6,
an adject1ye
100 IIIOC11ty a no w1th "h1cb 1t agrees (11ke any other adjectlve) 1
gender, number and case.

Exales:
6 . ;
p6S0S kR08 1ne?
How
6 & ..& -
p6su kIU ta 4
The 1:hlldren ! ho l.7 persons
.& ~ ~;
f.vyun ya.tln ae:lna'l
&
6 ;
k4n1
are leaving for Athens'l
ks4!rete
people are
any
tNno"
you know
ho
many
day
wiU 1 t take( for ]the traln

(1;0 arrle]7
6 .no ;
p6aus
6 .6. . . ~6
6"
''.;
pe6yj
w 1'
kHrete7
"ord
.6,-,-6 /py6a-l.~/
f"ho t ,
111 d8clined
f!!!t.
-~
.6
py6a
o.i
pyd
48
01'
0118',
tollosz
G.
knf?
bouse7
'b1ch', '''h1ch
11.
people do 7011
any ch11dren 11111 be 1
! .. sto
ptt1J
The que.tlon
..
anirc?pus
.6
6
.\
'
pyand
pyan!s
.6
.&()
py6n
p:fi(n)
_!:
_!:.
.!!:
--
'
-.
,,'
p,.t.
4.
py6n
'
.
pYMD
pyand
.6
.<
-~:.
py6n
.
OJ'
pyan6n
.
PY~8
py6n
01'
pyan6n
.
t1Y!
,08
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Exalllples:
L L ~6 ;
pyand ine
L L ~6 ~6 n(~L;
pyan6n in(e)
kafemo1
Whose
~~ose (1.)
1s this1
caf~
house 1s th1s1
sp:iti1
Lf ~;
p~s
3&
L u(u
'.hm (! .1.)
ks4ret.e1
prd8 kir!us 1
~;
do you lmow'Z
'.'hich gent1een
are you 101118
to see1
L ~;
~!:!_~:.~
T6v
Wha (.1.) do
pylis kserete 7
The use
verb
n6nu.
name',
/l~o/ in the sense ! '
ton( e) l~ne papaMpulo>
18
,"ou knOlfI
' call (by n&I8)'.
n. . 1s Papadopoul08
(they
c_ll h1_ Papadopoulos).

The )rd per80n plural ! the "rb
COrre8poOO
<..,
mean1ng to the Engl1sh 'one 's
/l~o/ 'to say' 18 cc:nonly used 1 Greek to
nae
i8 80-aOO-80 (l1terally: 'they call h1J1
her, etc.) 80-and-SO').
~her exaple8:
-.
.. 1fne mko.
6 nLC ou 6 '
to pe6!
111
to
l\ nae'B
1!
'\
N1cho1aa.
ch11d's
n&IE
18 Alexander.
al'k8andro.
~!!!'!!~!~!!_~!!!
~!!_~!!
O.D. 8.1
to sp!t1 111 16.
to 1.eotorfo
to
8U !t!yl s!nera.
pot.
_8
en~k
!n(e) 1 rets!na.
sas
1 ~818 tu ~ fne ka1f.
1 Uly' t1a ne kaH.
ta
k.in.imatoyrafa
&e.at16 tu 41 p~I' parI~~ra.
yj~ke8
fne to arn6k1.
tU8 fne n'ea.
nosokoda
tus
fne kae61u ka1I.
tua fne
I118'108.
G.D. 8.1-2
r}M e !r.e
dz6n.
emis mas
nodzun ~ksipnu8.
es~na
8e lt!r.e n!ko.
esas 5as 411 to pe 5as.
aftn
ton rotane erotSsis.
aftus tus
l~ne
aft!s
v!un
afti(n) t1n
!ne
marSa.
t15
dz6n ke nfko.
kaae
~ra.
109
GREEK BASIC COURSE
me
dz6n.
l~ne
ks~run
kala.
v!un
1 !lun
p~!
mu mil4i
su
k!ee
ya
ora.
einik.
l~o kal1~ra.
tu epanalamv!n1
u.
tis
me y'la.
tu
1.
aV~1 n49IN.
nil4i
elin1k4.
mas
l!ne
maria ke mko.
mas pul4i to est1at6r1c.
sas
p~1
to ts4y sas.
sas
1~1
tus
v!1 k~ee ~ra.
tus
nil
tis rot41 erotisis.
tus
yav!un
. pul~i
tus
~line
~.
6Aka
e~na,mu nilH
es~na.su
pr~ymata.
pol'
pey
ta
to
tus.
n491ma.
elin1ki.
e11rUk&.
pul4ne 1s1tir1a.
en4s,
epanalamv4nun protas1s.
884s, s..
nfko.
2.:E.:!:~_
arts ~
1ta16s.
artun~ Bp~1
ek!nos,ekf !ne n4ft1s.

!n(e) akr1v6.
aftin:1s 1
I1t!ra ~n(e)
aftund to
110 ~
aftn
ton
l~
att!n
gzlro.
aft l~po
aftnn
aftu8 tua
8 ~M
l~
e~r.ua
ekf tua
ek~nes
ekf,
ek~na ~ne
!ne
kond.4
nfko ke
t1s kHrun 1
makri".
~n(e) 14111.
1kr.
t.a 4 ek!non ~M ~ks1pna.
k4ee "ra.
taftok~n1to
8kfnis,
tattok!n1to ek1m1, !ne
nlko.
atton6n
aft4 ta
ftin6.
to sp!t1 !ne
a&erfs
4rost1.
l ~ks1pn1.
attl !ne
ekir.~
t.a
l~ne
dz6n ke nlko.
dis ksArun 1ta1J.
p~
tus.
r1kr6.
1pury!o.
al~ksandro.
~~z '.&.
v!un k4e ~ra.
110
GREEK BASIC COURSE
68
aft~s?
!n(e)
p6sos
kmos
ln(e) afti2
p680n gafI!
fr.(e) aft~?
p6s1 z4xarl e'lete1
ryanl1 !n(e)
pyad8 In
af1 to
1oaf1ookfn1to1
p6s1 klrll
p1ywtnun sartf 1 8xcU2
ae
e.1ola~la
py6n
razf
ixun
pAte .81oln
fne s100
es1ola1o~rlo2
y1n}kes
alM
p680n inekn . pey4 p4ne s10ln aIlnat

p68US fi 101 . 'xete?
ro1ofaete erot!sis?
pys 81111to11n
p6son naf10n 1 y1n'ke8 pine 810ln ae!na?
fn(e) aft.! ta leoforfai
1~8
i~lete'l
p6sa kS8nOOoda 1118 810ln
pAne 8100 1puryJo'l
r-4t Oyi
ya6
pyC
p6a88
p4ne 8to e81ola1obr10?
p~B
aplti 8a82
680 4la 431181
eplt1?
pyand fn(e) aft. enooxo
f'yi
lne
p6eea
~as1
y1n!kes
Vl'pete1
p6sa 4 m10et
~1oBI~
aIM?
Correlatlon 5ab8tl1out1on Drl11
.-----------------------------
G.D.8.a
. .
tbe
pTpeT ou 88
lndleated by 1000 Encl18b
143ne nlko. (b1111, ycu).
1Apn
paren10hesesa
101. 1'1 kal1_ra. (100 b1I11, 100 1obe_
8&8 8411 1 klrr (ber, b1_, 8, tbelll(a.
..
1e
{.),
to
us, 100 JOU (pl.
k4ee . (blII, ber, th8111 (f.
mas pul41 'na 1811ofrl0. (100
1on rot41 ero1o~81a. (her, 100811 (n..
100 her, to 10helll

1oU8 IIIi1ine ta
1018 puUne 'na aftokfnlto. (tl-.8m (n.), lt)

101n 143ne arIA. (you, JOU (pl.
(pl.), to bll11,
(11.
pyi.
(100
,",
100 _,
us,
to hll11)
... n08lzun 'k81pnua. (" (1.) 1Il (11.
en!na
.. l'ne dz6n. (hll1, you)
10us 1 k4e _ra. (us, )"Ou (1.
es48,
4311 artS
8U pullne 1811ofrla. (her, h1111, 10helll (f.
kirlos. (us, 10helll (m.),
(f.},(n.), you (s1ng.
mu d141 ellnik. (100 us, 100 hlm, her,
es~na 5 ks~ryn
100 thelll (11.)
ka14. (me, you (pl.), hll11,
her, 10hem (m.
su epana1am4ni m4ei ma. (to hi , 100 me,
aftn
U5)
ro1oane erotIsls. (them(f.), her,
you (sg.
,,,
GREEK BASIC COURSE
o~ka oraxns.
afta ta pulane
aftn
t,
tcn
vl~pune k~ee ~ra.
em!s mas nom!zun
(it).
(you (pl.),
them (m.)
(you (pl.), her,
l~ne
aftus tus
them (f.))
~ksipnus.
dz6n ke ntko (you (pl.), 118)
Transform Model Drill
---------------------
jne nikos.
me ltJne nfko.
tonoml IIIU
tonoml
tonom4 tu
y6lj"os.
ooml
mas
tonoml
t1s jne marIa.
tonoa
tus
marIa ke y6ryos.
p6s1 apt1n
re
p6ses
tonoml
tus
mar!a k(e)
tonom4 tus
re
nfkos ke
61plomat1k! 1pa11ii1
11.. l1rfr1n7
y1eeB
gstJrete to
68 a~nete
to
_1 :rA sas7
6'!".
(neuter)
y6ryos
.metarrlsete
O!sko1es e11n1ktJs
&1m4
fl".e
tnllll.
t1s sJtoHs
tenes7
spu2l4"ete
el1n1k47
sas7
p6s tone*1'ne ton kae111t! ...7

!sk11
u1y
sas,sto 1puryio
eksoter1k6n7
.114te7
tf kinun 1 t1t1t4,sto ay411ma7
l~1.
aIn1te k40e _r., t1s mayn1 toton1k's
kae1yitts sas stir. d4ks11
atte,tan 4
al~ksandros.
protU1s7
rot4te k4pote erotjs1s ton kaBiyitf sas7
t! 141
sas fn(e)
bor!te na
tf k4nete st1n d4ks1 s&87

tf k4n1
y4nis (neuter)
tonoml
ton_
nfkos ke y6ryos.
p6s1 t1t1t4 fne st1n dAks1 sas7

p6s1 apattds
tonomA tu
su fne marIa.
nomdzete pos ta e11n1ki

odz
pos 1
a{skcl1
sa7
1. jn(o) o~. :-7
nomfzete pos 1 'lines jn(e) ori1 k. pos

1 el1rd6es
*/tt5ne/ 18 somet1Jnes 11800 for
~xun
oNa ke mey41a .utya7
eupholl1 :inStead ! /ton/.

112
GREEK BASIC COURSE
1111! 9
~~~_
~!~_~!!C!~t;
~o
ario
torrow
-6
to pro!
(the) morning
yyv ("
parangelno (parangI-
to order
10)
~6 O'UO"ouo.
to kustWn1
A~.o -6 &
'U-U..
(the) suit
aW10 to proI, 9a
paran;ilo kust&i.
going to order a suit
tc8orrow IIOrnin.
ertixs
tortunat.ely
-6 --
to kat.astima
(the) store,
- -O"~-
t.a katastmat:.a
pl.
-6 {,
to
- vfcfaoa
a ir"zata
E''Ux V&. -&
zna
ho
(the) cloth, material. tab.c
pl.
Ax:a, 1prx1
Fortu.nately, there 105 a .toN
" o~ &. u
ka t.1Ja, pu181
vhich 8e118 very good
xc& v&a-
pol
DIaterial (8)"
,, ..
1 pi1dla
(the) arietl
- vfaa&o\l
ton ifa_ton
. x~ & . .. Va&-.
.,
-,
kU:1 b wda
eyt:u.
p:SJdl!a 1f'araltn.
6, -~,
-6
cf- .,
,
kala itazmata.
mater1al ()
and 1t ba8 a
ary !
ma11nos, -1, -
oollen
anvakers, -, -
cot.ton
no
nylon
ifazmat3 malina,
kera,
no
vanva
ke t:.a
lare
tabr1cs.
Woolen material(s), cotton,

,
etc.
113
GREEK BASIC COURSE
()
' -& '
aorazo (aoraso)
to buy
i elines ee1W1
The Greeks don 't like to
naOraz1Jn etiJna
buy read:r-made suits.
, -
kustUr.mya.
,.
-& (-&)
sinieizo (sinieiso)
to be
(the) tailor
-&
rattis/o raptis
siniGizun na piyenun
6 .
sto(n) ratti.
perno
ta l1Ietra
,, (,-
xrisil1lOi
They usua11y go to the
to take
(the) maa3urements
(xrisi-
t.o use
mopiiso)
,)
,,6/-
i eitiiti ta/-t.1e
(the) skil1
i foresya
(the) suit
teli08,-a,~
perlect
,,
-&&
to
tai10r.
(pcro)
()
accustoned
-,
rattis Sa sas pari
-& ,,
ta metra, ke Ga
,,6
xrisimopiisi
1!
epiti~10titc
tu, ya
, ,.
na S3S
The tai10r will take your

l1Ieasurements, and wi11 use
tin
a11 h1B ski11 to make your

! t
pertect.
k8ni ti(n)
toresy& sas, teUa.

',,
-,
~YOB,
-,
aspros, -1,
-&'
apto
tayo
(the) same
(the) dozen
to pukamiso
6 ,
'6
i dUna
-a,
katastima
eaoraso
~ ,.
dnzlna aspra puk8misa.
ke I1Ila
white
(the) sh1rt
1'11 a1so buy a dozen white
shirts trom the
sar.e
store.
,,4
G REEK BASIC COURSE
, -, -
metaksts,
i yravata
-!. -
made
si1Jc
(the) tie
.to xrna,~~.ta xr6mata
' lu
(the) co10r
saIt to kat.istima, exun
They al50 have vcry good sl1k
ke pol. ka1es metakso-
ties a11 co10rs, this
tes yravat.es, s1a ta
store.
' -
xrnata.
&/
an/ean
(()
meno
(, -, -
merik,
to xr:ma pl. ta xrJa
(the) money
i 1U.tsa
8Ocka,
to
K~'~ ~ ( K~(
qan
(m:no )
..a
-es,
any,
pap.tsi
mu
rema1n, to stay, to dveU

BQII
stock:l.ng
(the) shoe
mnun ke
x~ ~'yop
erik8 xrmata,
( o~.
ea-yOraso
llte8
ke pap.ts1a.
And
have any mone,. 1eft
( 'Bne money vi11 rena1n )

111
buy
[8one]
soclcs
aad
sboes.
ar1n!
~"'
perdnda
ena
tirtyone
~"'
pen!nda
fitty
~"'
eks:nda
sixty
o~"'
evor.!nda
seventy
666"'
'.ind.a
eighty
"'
nn:ta
Dinety
"'
ekat
on hmdred
! ea k! arts, avrio to r:
pu
.
pai na parangili
to klIstni7
tlo
parang!1i ena kustUmi
sena kat.istima. pu pu1al 01! ka1a
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ifaznata.
exi
18
ifazmata
aft
to katastima7
exi rn.ia
mails ta,
mey11 pild.lla ifazmaton.
1fazata alina, vamvakera, nailon,
ke ta
Gelun i elines nayorazun etima kustnya1
pU sinie:tzun na piyenun ya ta
t! kani
kustrnya
6xi.
tus1
lipa.
Gelun.
siniG:tzun na piyenun sto (n) r'fti.
raftis,sto katastima tu7
raftis
pernl ta metra, kc
xris1Jopii
611 tin epitiCIiotit8 tu, na kani ti

foresy8 , telia.
t! ep:tsis Gayorasi ItB kirios apto
Gayorasi ke m!a duz:tna 'spra pukAmisa.
kat8stima?
t! ilo xun saft to katistina1
saf't
to katastima xun ke pol kales
metaksotes yravates, Ba ta xrmata.

t! Ga cani afts ' tu rn.inun merika
Ga-yorasi ~ltses, ke papUtsia.
xria1
Narrati'98
A~6 ~~!X~~! !~~!~
artS ~~ mey810 !~!~~~~
!!e2~ '~ ~ .
saf't! t1 yinika.
()
(kso)
~ ~x
1nterest
to
ov
s:lmera 1 taverna xi polus
!!~~~:!~.
~
pe14tis
C\lS toer,
pa tron,
client.
~~e!~~~ 3~;
t! ~!!~ 1
exactJy
A~6 ~ ~~ge!~!~!.
art pu lete 1!!!~!!~f.
&'
ayorazo puk8misa me
to BxCIo
~6
~~!g
!~~!!.
~X!~!~
~ ~
pleases
design, plan
nikos lei p8ma tin
!!!~~.
i
alleya
truth
, 16
G REEK BASIC COURSE
aftS
'tou.
Mni
ta
x:riJat8
tu.
(Oso)
()
't
mas ini
panda
to
give
poles
simu1es.
~~~~~!~.
i simu1!
adice
'~_!K~1~

ekloy
choice
afts ! pol! ri~~~.
taste
't't
'tou 'tou 't 't 't

au'tOt ~o
't 't. fxouv , , 'ta't
~.
't't, 't 'tu
U't.
't 't~U 't't't, &~o y~o
! 'tO 't
'tou
't /'t 't 't
't KO'tO 't ~t't.

'U't 't 't't 't
'tX
't~
'tOU
'tOU
YLa'tpot
't 't
't 't CX-- .
, t, ~ ~ ~o 'tO
!~o,
't
'tou
~'tL 't KL'~'taL ! a
~ 7IV'ta YO'tO.
ps to
lene to
pU ine to
katastia
sas?
tu tllu sas7
to
lene
nko.
!ne kond4 sti(n)
breza,
stin aeina.
protiJmin to kat8stima att7
aft! pu eelun naoraZIln Wlia kustUmnya.
Xn
eld ka18 Uaznata7
exun poll
kali,
malina, vamvakera,
metaksot8 ke n&1lon
ifazuta.
t! aneroros in(e) raftis?
()
enas aneropos, me meali eitiitita.
t! olxni stus pelates tu?
6ixni saftus mey810
kani raftis _ kal3 kJstmnya
malista, kani ta kust~va tus akrvs
eniafern.
ta eelun.
stus pelates tu?
117
GREEK BASIC COURSE
:.
"
pane sto ka tas tima
..
li i Qiplomatiki ipalili,tu ipuryiu eksote-
aft?
rikn, ke tis ipiresias lirofrin.
pol yatri ke iplili tu proksen!u.
ali pin(e) eki?
ya l piyenun eki'l
piyenun k, iti tU8 efxaristi i pikilia

to Bxeo
anrS !n(e) mkos'l
ton ifa_ton tu.
ine naB ol! eksipnos ke efxaristos

anrS.
t ni
pa
stua peates tu?
!ne ta pra"(lll8ta pu
tus ini ti<n) sinwl tu, ya ayorazun.
aorazun?
!ne ol kal8 kexun pol! yUsto.
Grammat1cal Notes
~~_2:.!.. Noun: Third declension neuter ou
&. ~&~a,
-- /-a/.
iprxi na kat8st:iJa, pu
. & &-
pu1ai roll kal8
~.
1fazmata.
..
&~
There i8 a store wh1ch sells

very good materia1.
pik1.l:ia ifa_ton
variety
! naterials
~& x~
s (e) 618 ta xrata.
in a11 oo1ors .. ,
.'& ~&
ky8n a mu m:lnun,ke
and 1f
.& x~
In Note 5.4
with various endings.
have
ar:
money 1eft
merika xrmata
was stated that thc third dec1ension inc1udes a largc number

The above examples i11ustrate
nanly neuter nouns in --
All neuter ou
~-~.
5g.
.
xrCa
to
class
nouns
third dec1ension nouns,
/ -ma/.
/-ma/
are dec1ined follows:
Pl.
xrcSmat;a
ta
~~_Il
5g.
Pl.
to
tt;:ba
ta
katut4Jata
G.
tu
xratos
ton
xrnat<n
tu
katast:Jatos
ton
k.atut1Jiton
to
xr8
ta
xromata
to
lcati8~
ta
kataat4Jata
--------
Note 9.1.1
Noun:
~6
Third dec1ension neuter nouna
~6 &
/to y8.1a/ 'milk' and
/ to kreas/ 'meat '
'lbese. nouns are dec1ined like neuter nouns in -- / ~/.
118
GREEK BASIC COURSE
-~~:.
to yala
tu yalaktos
1..
to yala
G.
~.
kreas
ta yalata
(ton
to kreas
ta
~lata
ta
kr8ata
ton kreaton
a18ton)
tu kreatos
ta kreata
Grammatlcal Drills
att
to
aspro
:lne
Hza
kal.
at.
akrlV.
fn(e)
1p4rx: pol xr!a 18.
to
kat8stba a!'t
ft to niG1ma
:lne
!!
s1mera.
puU1sa
to
xra
1 prot8s18
att
tu
(e)
_e!atoa.
e:Us
8xue
8na ka16
a.
xr:mata, & n
aspro.
i-ne kales.
ta
ine !skla.
11018.
pa artn to katast1J8ton,
ka!!.
kaG1Y1tis
artn on _Wto,
ine
pol
eksipnos.
to xra atn ton lra"ton, fn(e)
.u.
8elun to aapro sa.
attl 1 yat.ri exun po18
maeiata,
akr1"a.
1 "ltses atn ton xroaton, () al:riv'
proti. art to xra.

Cts
Hza, ()
af-t.8 ta
a!'tu tu xratoa, ne kaU.
attu tu lrazma tos,
fne kalA.
':.a eyla !a, eksa.
eiskol0.
1 1p811l1 attu tu katast!matos, n kal.
ta
xrataI
ta aspra
tin.
:lne
ta
"pro.
xwe _a katast!Jata.
a!'t8s 1 toresy bun 11018 xrma.
xriJa.
t.s
t8sUna.
1 fi tite epnalanr8nun to _81aa.
1t.zata lD
GeU
art to za
exl
1101-' .
11018 xr"'B.
Correla t.1on Substitutlon Drlll

-----------------------------Put the vords 1n parentheses
iPlllos arto
(to
Mia)
art! 1 fi ti maGenlJn
pol
1 pik1lia (to :irazma)
aftn
to
the appropriate case (slngular or plural, as necessary).
Ga p8rl avr10
kal8 (to
aIJima)
(to katastima)
poa
(to
xr:Jna).
tus.
pol
meyali.
119
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(to ifazma) aftn ton aspron (xrma),ine poli akriva.
(to xr6ma
aftn
ton akriVn (ifazma) poli orea.
Subst1tute the words in parentheses for the underlined word or words

and change the aspect
the sentence,
the verbs accordingly.
enns aoraZUle 1!'azmata ~~_~!~_~~~:. (stis eksi)

aftes ea epanalavun to rae1ma, ~~~I!_~f~. (kaee
(avrio)
mera)
ea parangilume ta pukamisa mas sto(n)
yan1,
r~i ... "yavazo It to maeima ~~~_~~~~.

~st1s ok't)
avr10.
(pnda)
esis sinieizete na trte e!~~: ~~~~_~~~.
es:!s prepi na meete to maeima I!~!_~~~~. (611
(st1s
ok't)
tin dra)
aft~3 ~~ spudaz1 ~~~ elin1ka. (avrio)
/,is ~okimsune
ta krasya
!!!!'2.
stis okt6.
(kaee mera)
f8me musaka
10.
(kaee mera)
tus 18
ItB prep1 na p1yen1 st1n e1aoa, ~~:!_~~~~.
(avr10
s:lmera to n:lko.
pU piyenete
mera)
katast!nata
sti(m)
OO1
!n(e)
k?
xni
r&rt1s
(avr10)
ka1s'1
r8ft1s enb1aferon stus
pel.ites
kBnete sena kat8stima?
tu?
prot1m8te naorazete ~tima kustUmnya,
:lne i yravates ke ta pukwsa akriva sto

kat8stima pu
pite p8nda ston ratt1?
sas?
aft8 ta katastimata?
ine akr1va ta pra'Y1ll8ta
(avrio)
pite saftd to katastima ca mera'l
kBnete! avr10 to pro:l '1
! xun
(ai
kala kustUm,a ~.
pr)
dra tr ~ E~:1
(avrio to pro:l)
iparxun ka18
sas efxar1st:lsun. (avr1o)
r&rt1s p&rni ta metra 2!!_~1-!!_2!:!.(avr10)
aftes M.nun ~~ XT:ma .a vs<m:!a.
ItB ili:.s aOr&z1
(avr1o)
~:lte
esi men1s ~~~ st1n 1~. (sen& xr6no)

aft:! xriRimop1un E!~ 611 1 ep1t1~1otit8
p:lnete kafe ~!!_~!.~_~~:. (avrio to pr).
lstis eks1 avr1o)
pte1
na p1yenete sto(n) rafti?

1parxun ka1a 1!'azmata, ke ala pra"11ll8ta
sta
katas~ata 1
po1e6s sas?
120
G REEK
BASC
COURSE
1111'1' ,0
10
.6
ker6s
(the) tie, veather
.6
60 ger
hot long, ('how IIII1ch ti.')
t-r
nfnat.e
J'/l
l6ao .6 t-r a-r~v
6 ger dnate stin
aeina?
ow
_tayed, re_iD8d
long d1d ;you 8ta;y in
Athens1
!.
Inina
peripu
approJd. .tel;y, about
&
i e0n4a
(the) week
". 660 &;

.
I!Idna ek, 610 vo_e8, perfpu.
6.;
1 akr6po118
-r
{at.e
t-r -r~v
no .;
. (e )p:fya
(!)
(.)"'no
-r6
the )
t,o eek8
( ) Acropol1.a
Did 70U ..e
Acropoli82
x94s
(!)
, &
( _ta;yed
approx1utely.
:fate tin akr6poli 2
&;
stayed, re-.1ned,
~t
btijya
ct li~.
"
vent
n, Xl!s to prof,ep:fya
eki [, az! ne
Yes, went up there ('t.&'3~:l!r')

-"i th others 188terdq DIOrn1ng.
41us.
()
r:fsko (r6)
to !ind
vr:fka / evr!ka
v,
~fkolos,
easy
-,
'fkola
-i,
fO'Jnd
easily
121
GREEK BASIC COURSE
o()1ys
B~K~ 6;
( the) guide, dri ver
vrikate 8rkola,inan
yu
Did
tind. a guide
easi~
tound
ek81y
to expla1n
~y
eks!yi.se
he
~o.
~o.
x.~K~o.K~
i arxi tekton1k
(the) arcbitecture
naa
(the) taple
, ~K (
lepto8r1a
(the) deta11
lept.oMr1es
vnk8ae
nan, pu aas
exp1a1ned
in detall
tour on bo expla1ned
~y ~o.
eksfyise leptQ8r1es, to
/ x.~K~o.K~ ~
t1n arxitekton1Jd ton
U8
in detall the arch1 t8o-
ture ! the tepl8.
naon.
.
1t pleasea
oe8e
1t pleaseci
&
sa8 are"
1t pleased you
.6~o
perietero
oat (adv.)
.6 6 & .
su are8e
peri8tero?
6~o;
d6, -~,
68 n.8
-6
al6,
Wh1ch
taple
d1d
yu
be8t. ('pleued yu the 11081'.)1

-
-!,
81Jpl
&au., -, -
8a_8108, -a, -
adertul,
&
parennas
(the) Parthencn
6 &. 3,
.( (.(/
.)
aplcSs ke eaws108
pareennas
xri81J8vo
The
81Jpl ar
beautitul
beaut1tul
Parthenon.
(xris1-
to serve, to be
use
PSO)
~/~~()
't, -, -
like the
/er
arxeos, -a,
~x
ancient
(the) art
G REEK BASIC COURSE
LL
pu xris:1Jnevi ra
sO(n) glO, pso
~~ a
te1ia
shw')
the wor1d hov perfect the

anc1ent Greek art vas.
1 arxea
kata1aveno Ocata-
~C (K~
&)
to
wderstand
14vo)
~L, -,
-6
. -.~x
~6~ K~
shovs ('serves to
10
eliniki texn1.
~x.
Kat
i tan
CI!xni
~6 6 ~La
1IfI
ke
~Lug
raoymat1ks, -, -
o-kal1tex1s
(the) art.i8t
mo tte
t.t 1
kat8lava,
And only then d1d understand
8rXei eUnea,
~a y~Ko ~x-
!ean pra~tik:
ka1it:xnes.
tbat
nc1ent
GreeJ
rea1 artists.
'
p6eon
ger
itan
aft drios
pe
p!ye st1n
ui
ae pyUs Pb(e) eld pno?
eOla
itan
akrpol1i
enan
tu eks!71M
st1n aeinal
k, evoies per!pu.
piye xees to proi.

p!ye eld , _si .. 'lua.
1,1
MUsta,
artS 1?
pol ~kola
vrike
tu ek8iyi8e t1n
en.n.
arx1tektoiJd ton
arx80n
nan.
l'; naB tu
irese
per1tero?
pareennas
veWoa.
18 lO?
t1
k{e) apl6a, ke 8a_s108.
ixni pareennas1
1.
p6so
kat8lave
attS
Idr1os,
tan tn
tl1a,
ltan i arxea eliniki texni.
katalave pos 1 arxei elines, :ttan

pramat1k
barthen6na?
ka11texnes.
Narrative
!!~e~q.!: a ~ .
~~!!, pa stin el.8CIa.
'~!:~f~~~-
f:t1os sas in(e) ~!:~~:!.
last year
~5'
L6, -
Amer1can
,23
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6 ~XEL !-fi~~s;.
xrnos
exi
O3eka mines.
nBB
month
eel0 na pao ~~.
6 L
everywhere
!pye rets:ina
mno
~~~
tlJe,
ElvaL
~E!:!!.!:!!.
oCC8a1on
kond8 stin eesaloniki. :tne

:8 ~!e!!.
tL
to
' ~~~~!~.
10
ru:1n
a-yorazete pola !!!!!~.
Lt
tov1vlo
book
iCSeran!kserane
they knev
&&
!Gelan/Gelae
tbey vanted
& Q~~g!~g LL& &
ta !~~! pey, eelun

pol8 pra'YII\ta.
&.
L, -,
-6
&. 'QY~
.
slJer1ns, -, -
contemporary, present
aft! i ip81111!'l~ pol
kala.
()
()
~x. ~~. art! 1 y1neka

to llve
ex1
pol !~!.
': 2YX~g'Q1l~~ -
lUe
em!s !~!~ ato .kaf'enio
tu n!ku.
: .
&
s1xn8zo
to v1s1 t of'ten,
to f'requeat
& ;~~;
ElvaL
.&.
",
ta ~~ katast!mata, n
oeksya.
-,
Q!_!~~!:g~!:!S;i
LL
& 6 ~!y!eQ
.
K~o .&
la1ka,
-:!. ,
popular
aresun 1 ~!~~~!!!!7
1 oBB~BB
mno kond8
sto kndro t1s
fun,
amuaeent
center
pleos.
to kndro o1askeo'seos
nightclub
1Zl
10
GREEK BASIC COURSE
afts
A~6 L
:me enas
Mealo
las.
A~f L ' L !~!lQ
people, crowd ,
aft:t i Plis maresi ~~~~_[X2!!J
so(much)
, & :. pU lo a mo elci.
v<t6 & L<t<t ~L arts fititis ~~~!~ na

& cv<t <tfv C.a att:l. /Hskoli ylosa.
o~ (<t)
to be ~!!! (to d.o
kondevo(kndepso)
sanething)
wby, becaUS8
r.!:!!!! t<t KC <t ~~! pmete ka!e,6li tin ra1
ntpvaL ~C Lxc6 <t cxc <tOV C &C.

: <t xc! c cv<tOU.
II<tC ot li 6L.
<t
~f ,
'~c ~<tcv ~ &" c 't 6L
xt 'to & xco co L .

xcc tLC,
&c,
"La
! oc cv<tcX ~
& c-ro ~c 4 npYX<tc YL 'cv<tcX '<tcX oC Ltc
,Ccn xc '&c & L npyx<tc , 't'v ,

xc <tfv ,
cv<tot,
'&C
&,
<t xc! <tt c , <t Xc <t xc! ~6
& 6.
~c,
r,'cv<t6 c , .
~ xcc,
~ l't,c<t6p,c xc a<tcX ccX K~C ,c.
. ' !&c npcXyx<tc yL 'cV<tV.
'x&c CI. c
C6 ~, c ~c c6 L .
Mv<tEcxv t. cXv<tc ~
enas amerikans me ti y1neka tu.
p!yan .Jd.,1
perisi.
pso () ger 81na
pyes
plis
tis
KL'cv<t6 <tv & <t6ao
'.
p!yan s't1n e18~a7
<t
pnde
eJd'l
e18~as
m1nes per!pu.
pIa pandu.
plyan7
st1n
:,
sti Oesalon!ki,
sti(m) b8tra ke poles ales Plis.
pU piyan
tan
:ttan stin aeina7
pi"(811 stin
akrpoli,
ke stus il",s arxeus
naUs.
pses
tores
pla
p!an ek:
eld7
merikes forcs.
,25
G REEK BASIC COURSE
tus aresan ta arxea afta erfpia?
tf ikseran ya tin arxea e1aoa1
lkseran po1a praMata ya arxea e1aoa.
a]'O
pu
ikseran,
ap
afta ta pra"jttl8ta?
011.
tus aresan para
po1a viv1ia pu
avasan.
lee1an na maeun merika prayroata ya tus
tl 310 lee1an na maeun episis1
simcrinus elines,ke ti simerinl
ieelan na kserun ps zUn aft! i anerOPi,
t! akri lee1an na kserun ya tus
ps
simerinus elines?
ti
11 :lan ya
eaa.
na ta 1Ca) aftB7
v1epun ti zot ke tl kanun simera ya

Xra t~s,ke
pa el pu
ton a10
sj.xnazun
tavernes, sta
l(i)
kafena,
iaske8ses,ke ta
kzm.
i e1ines. stis
sta laika kendra
1ipa.
pos ine enas 1as me karJy, enas 1a65
ke tl: emaean yaftus?
pu Icseri na z:t.
tus arese aftO?
ne, tus arese

minun ya
tBo
panda
poli pu
kndepsar.
na
5tin eUa.
Grammatica1 Notes
Verb: Past tense
Note
10.1
KaC
~~ K~
:1.
the
'
1.
~!.
be
erb
'be'.
ke t.te kata1ava,
And only then did
understand
pos i arxei elines,
that the ancient Greeks
itan pra-ymatiki
re.11 artists.
wer
kalitexnes.
terse
past
the verb '00 18 as tollows:
_21:
1.
V}()
mun(a)
2.
O(C)
isun{a)
).
~()
tan(e)
vas
you vere
(. )
hc,she,it vas
1.
1
Jaste
or
:ltastan
2.
/.f1
:saste
or
lsastan or 1888
).
San
~!:
:!tan
vere
you
werp.
they wcre
16
10
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Mote
Verb: Cla88 1 Verb: Past
10.2
a 1 akrpolil
E~ ~~ x6o~;
'
lxEt
personal endings.
)!ya
~o.
D1d
eJd pno, I118!
YOU
Acropolis7
up there vith the others.
alus.
naM
~E& a~.
po18 pra'Vlll8ta.
They leamed
any
th1ngs.
The present tell8e perscnal endings o~ the Class verb8 (used w1th present, ~uture
and subjunct1'V') e d18cul!IRd 1n 4.5.
personal end1ngs
'1he
o~
capl8te
the
set
Baae
o~
The above exnplea 111ust.rate the p8st 8
verb class.
these end1ngs 1s:
21
!.
-a
2.
-es
-~
-ate
3.
-e
-()
-an(e)
!2~_!~~~
Class 1 Verbs: Simple Past.

p)so(n) ger minate st1n
6 .6 (~ ~~
ae:na7
&;
long d1d you 8tay in
thell8 7
1118 ek!, &: eva.aes.
1 8tayed tlere ~O WO veek8.
'&a npayx'fa.
8aM :8 ~.
n. leamed 18 Mng.
W&v
ieelan na Iarun...
They vanted to knf
~H 4 npyx'fa '
ilaeran :8 pra~ta
They kner _ th1r.ge tl'Oll
~E.
txEt
_ tvl!a pu -
'fa .( ..
bo0k8 they read.
vasan.
The Greek S1Jple c:orr8sponds in meaning to the Siple Past in Engl1sh (11 d1d 80axi-ao ).
The SiJple Pa8t o~ C1a.. verb8 18 ~orred by (,) add1ng past tense p8r8onal
endinga to ~!!~!!!_~~ o~ the verb and (2) M~1E the stres8 to the th1rd ayllable
r
the end.
'n1u8, tor
stem
exapl,
(-
the verb
/arxis-/.
/arozo/ 11 begin l has the perfect1ve
'n1e S1mple Past ! this verb 1s, therefore:

Pl.
,.
l.
~rxisa
arnsame
127
G REEK BASIC COURSE
2.
arx.ises
arxise
lXPXLcrav
arxsate
11
arxisan
arxsane
As can be seen fram this example, the stress 1n the plural forms
one syllable later than the stress in the s1ngular fOrmB.
the plural endings
-,
-,
-l
When the th1rd person plural
The reason for this 1s
is used (as 1n
/8rrisan/ above)
in the s1ngular fOrmB.
All 'regular' po],ysyllabic verbs
the verb comes
/-ame/, /-ate/ and /-ane/ ccntain t"o syl1a.bles.
/-an/
the stress falls on the same syl1able
or
this c1a.ss have the1r stress stdfted in Simple
Past according to the above pattern.

'n1
d1as)'llabic Class
'augent'
verbs have a stressed
Bte !
prefixed to the
the
verb.
/8-/
'tI..B augent 1s usually the wl /-/ ("1th a 1.iJni ted mmber ! verbs l, as
/8810/ 'to V'ant',

The
a
augnent
(e.g. mae8no-maeo-naea) or somet1mes

/ela/ frn the verb
-&
I1ksera/ ro the verb
1s prefixed to
11
'regu1ar'
dissyllabic
syl1ab1e past tense en<ti.ng 1s added to the verb stem.
syl1a.bles (e.g. p1ura1 end1ng

augent :
or
rrI!I1' be
/kI.rw/
-,
-,
verb !
/kaero/, etc.)
this class
/lc8no/lo)
ekana
2.
8kanes
).
k.ae
that
tvo
and / -ane/) the
'
'to do
d1d'
etc.
(~ )
(e)k4name
(~)
(e)lnate
'kaDn
the verb
the siX other '1rregu1ar'
/prno/ (
()
erbs
/ph:o/) 'to
l1sted
talc8
/pemo (p&ro)/
Note
6.2
1s
but:
k:6an
V'hen
prefixed to the verb.
(/
'1be S1JDple Past
],
\\'here the end1ng consists
/ -arte/, / -ate/
-&
88
vell
a8
follovs:
'
1.
(~)
(e)ra
(~)
(e)pframe
2.
(~)
(e)pres
(~)
(e)pirate
3.
( ~)
(e)pire
()
(e )pfran(e)
126
10
G REEK BASIC COURSE
( } /tro/ ( /1'&0/)
~.
'to eat'
efara
(}
()laae
efayes
()
(e)fayate
( ) / ( /pcS/)
'to
i1
etayan or
1'ayane
pae
q'
1.
2.
1.1tcx
Ipate
3.
!pe
()
Ipan(e)
,tuyltrr.,o/(!J //)
"
'to lene'
1.
"
'f1ya
(}
(.) yae
2.
c5fiyes
(}
(e) f8te
3.
efiye
i1
'f1yan
tIyane
or
/pUo/(. /pr6/) 'to dr1nk'

1.
{p,ya
i1.
pya
2.
~.
Ip,yeS
:!pyate
3.
.(}
()
t v
/- C!~ /
( /r.o/ 'to
go
1.
( }
( )p!oya
(}f)
()p!ya.
2.
( )
( )pyes
(l}nf)yaort
(e)p!yat8
()
(e)p!ye
()u-\()
(e)p!yan(e)
/v/ (;lO/)
1.
'to /
'
'ame
'
i6ate
()
!'an()
'e verb
/vr!sko/ 'to find' belongs to a n1xed erb claSS: vhile 1t
r~rfecti steIn orr i8 constructed like any other 'irregular' Class verb ( ,
/vr/, /vrs/,
/vri/ etc.) its S1Jnple Past i6
fored by add1ng the past suff1x
129
G REEK BASIC COURSE
--
/-1k-/ to the perfective stem /vr-/.
, , ,
/, vrikes. vrike.
, , (2~ , {)v/evrkan,vran!)
vrikame, vrikate, vrkane/ 1s a typical Simple Past form ! Class
verbs which w1ll be d1scussed
later Uni .
The iJnpersonal verb L

'1
The resulting form:
/prepi/ (Note 6.1) has the Past [on\
leprepe/
was necessary', 'had to'.
~~~_!:.!!' Verb: 'lbe use ! the verb
/areso/'to please' as equivalent to the
Eng1ish verb 'to like something or somebody'.

L6 6 L
6;
~B nas
sas arese
wbich temple d1d you like the
er18tero?
'lbe verb
best ('pleased you most')7
/areso/ 'to please' 1 coonly used in Greek as equivalent to the
El1gl1sh verb 'to like'. Thus:
'L
nu ares1
or
narB1
'
'L
su ares1
or
sares1
'you (fam.) like'
L,
(i
mas ares1
'we
l1ke'
sas ares1
'you
l1ke'
tus ares1
''they like'
'rhe
8U,
pno
'liking'
L,
tu ares1, tis tu
e1ther in the geni ti
etc./ above) or in t.he accusat1ve preceeded

'rhua t.he atglish sentence 'th1s
b,y
gentlean
'he, she, 1 likes'
, ,
t.he prepos1t1on
li.kes th1s
XVptov L 6
ov,
like' ('1t pleases me')
teple e
/u, tu,
/s(e)/ 'to'.
auch'
attu tu 1dnu tu ares1 po]j
be e1ther:
artS nae.
or
6.
6 6 L '6 6 XUp LO. atts area1 pol! saft (n) ton g:lrio.
and 1n
plural: 'Tbis gentleman l1kes these temples very much':
xvp tov Xptaovv t

\/.
Xptaovv '6 6
XUPLO.
attu tu Idriu tu aresun pol aft! 1 nai.

~
arti i nai aresun pol saft(n) to(n)

g:irio.
'rhe S:1Jple Past ! this verb 18 , , , , ,

/8resa, areses, arese/ etc.
UIT ,
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~~_!2:.~ Verb: The the verb
'to be near
to"
V't" (V't"f)
the veree
.'t"'t"~ ov't"EUEI. & &-&
,
, 'to
be about
t1t1U& kondv1
cx,j't"~v ","~ { .
/kondevo
(kondepso)/
to'.
na
The
a1 atti t1 <Hsko11
18 about to I118ster
this d1ff1cult language.
188.
Other ex8p1e&:
K6~: "& :i~6 ~6
kndepsa
nay0r880 att
aBo8t bought
car.
taft.odn1to.
:i~OK~O.
Ko~{ & .:& :
kond8vo na 18 10
art.
~6 ''6 ..
to -n:Ylio.
kndepaa
K6~ & . ~6
'
(aU) th1. book.
na w. 610
1Jlos
to kr..I.
c.
Ko~. & .~
1e.
He '11 aoon be ab1e to apeak
el1nik4.
v~{ & ~6 : .
f1n1.h8d ('dr8k')
aU th18
kondm na III1ls1
.&.
about to [anp1ete] read1ng
Greek.
konde'VO na [~ to
'a
about to eat
87 _81.
IIU.
'1be abo". exap1 how the 'Yerb
U88d
'
tense
eans ' A1Joa
d1d
o~{ (ov-rf)
.o..J!d-8'.
/Jmdo (kond8peo)/
U.ed 1n tbe Present. tenae 1 t
l888
about. to do ao-end-eo.
Note that the.,.b
/kordo/ 1. ud w1th
v-r{
& /na/ p1ua SubjUDCt1'Y8.
J!~~!~~H!
~!!_~!!
1
111
n:k08
_& xee.
eelane
Iwe 610 to
kr..1.
na
prye'Vln8.
e!5
xees lcae61u tus
afts
& ldm8sate
aerfus
618 ta pot8.
nikos p!ye 18 ul' stin 1talia.
a"(Orasame pol8 pra-ymata.
5e 88& xri.lmepse attOl
p8nde xrn)ra.
1 Jdr11 t1y prin res.

atta
,.trcS
aft8& &e ,a-a8an ta v1vlia 88&.
1can& pe aul
irx:aan ulyi pr:tn
Bta >
tu.
mazi
lcal1 t~xnis 61a ta xria

.
aers nu
k1 ykB tu _nan ena xr
ro stin eaa.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
p!yate
5
saft to
kendro oiaskeMseos1
t! !pes peOi mu1

oe
vrikame kanena isit!rio ya ton
l'
eoosan lef"t8
ar&se
tBo
poll i
ldrle~
tl
na p!te?
pu isuna 1
giniJat"(raf.
af"ti
katalava
&
kanenan.
el8.oa~ pu
t! ef"ayes niko7
Qelame na
kondepsame na flyume ya t1(m) b8tra.
!nume k:.
Correlation-Substlt\Ition Drill
Use the vords in patentheses and change the umerl1ned verb according1y:
aerf"s mu oe na
()
pai st1<m) brezm.
rdkos ~ ano ret8lna.
(xes)
!!!!~ ulyi st1a okt6.
(Xes)
!~~ ya t1n
(Xes)
aebt
(prin
na
e! . p8me stln akrpoll~ na ie ton paren6na.
(prin
da evoraa)
yavazote
poIa vivl!a7
()
af"ts
ayorazun pol8
lne
t!
stin taksl sas?
arts prnl
pra-ynata apaft to
6la ta vivl!a
to
(XSes)
katist1Jaa.
()
splti tu.
!. ewnia)
af"t! i atik! ip811li~ . ~~ saf"t6 to kseno&oXo.
(pr!n
~n !!:!!~ eat1atrio na
()
f"_8.
6 ~~!~ xdata & kannan.
(xea)
(Xes)
ar8si
kerS?
af"t. ~~ to kafeno.
()
.us 1ine ti na ~!!..
(t)
af"ts
.
oen katalav8n1, tl: akr1ws
----------
!ne stis eksi sto(n)
(Xes)
1.
------
stam.
()
tro stia Oeka.
pU
eM prisi?
t! kinate 8d?
dna)
(XSes)
8 5
kendro o1askease08 S1.xnizat8 ~N!
ti(n) OO11?
10
G REEK BASIC COURSE
pu ea m!nete tu xronIJ 7
(jyawzete elinika vi vliai
:lsaste Jcapote stin e186a7
yavasate
pyes a10s xores isas~e1*
nomizete
ya ton arx:eo e1iniko po1itizMo?
sas arese i e18a7
t{ noUz
18 tin arxea e1inild xnii
nizete
18 tus s:iJnerinu8 elines1
sas arese
per1ster
eki?
11ete
aresan, ta arxea er1r18 t1s?
sas aresi na oyaY8zete vivl1a1
*/angla/IEng]andI ,/yal!a/IFrance ,
na
Gelete na
po18 vivlia ya tin arx:ea e18ai
pte
stin el5a2
dnete
18
pima d?
/yernana/'Genna~I, /itala/'Ita1yl.
133
G REEK BASIC COURSE

Reiew
Units
6-10
Review Drills
Fill in each b1ank with the proper form of the word given on the right.
it is a
noun, use the appropriate form of the article, where neces88ry.

Nouns
ta fay1ta aftis
ine
____________aftQn
stin ela5a
xrma
}n
!ne kal8
i e1B5a
exete
pbxta
poli
exun
pl1z 88
fitit
exi
:itera
yineka
reksis
ine ka1:l o
yatrs
kar5y4
ya ti(m) b8tra.
pr:(n
5!
"
pnde
nosokno
ine poli eksipni.
attis _
arxizun
u smera
t&ksis
stin
__ plirotoriono
simtititis
a5ertos tu patera mu milai pende
~en
vivlio exi
ena meyal0
maresun i poles
ariemo
_
--------- "
yatros sas
aft
aftos
to
atts
~ 5
ivl!o xi
r8ftis, exi
spiti
_
mae1r.a
meali
kaeiyitis exi
vra()i
pola
rtasis
ertisis
___________stin ela5a 011 pinun retsinao
ipiresia
bri
___________ mu ine poli kala peoyao
ar to
xrno
loyaryazms
ea parangilete esis
suvlili
yl1k6
enaiaterono
to 0
8xi
iPlili
atti i
! rekai,
ot
meyal1
mkos ea t!yi
ixate
tate
na
attu tu nosokomiu
i elines
kzms
ti(n) gar5ya.
orees
bli.
mu
xi
psari
retsna
po~
i 5ulya _
kuzina
oreo.
satt!(n) ti(n) daverna bor!te

k&pote ayOrazume
poli kales.
safti(n) ti(m)
--------- !ne
taverna
ine ftina.
aftos kseri
to
to ksenooxion
---------
nOstima.
epi tiitis
5ulya
134
GREEK BASIC COURSE
to kendro
!n(e)
sas
aerfs
ex1
na
pol8
xi
!n(e) akr1w.
inan
d't to
tna
ta
tu
polu.
ta
ksenox!u
areai att!
aresun 1
xrma
!ne
pol
orees.
e.
pol8a
l1
t1n
pinume
eel\8le na
na
ker.
&t1(m) b&tra.
_
attu tu nau.
pol!
ra
;ya
kafe.
elinik
prepi na pit.e saft!(n)
ex1
cal.
kotpulo
mskete pMda
akrpol1 lprxun
111181
8itul
- - - -?
prep1 na m118te .e
ora
tlo8
1cata&tnatos,
kat.8la"';no _ _
t!yate
pol
(pl.) tu patera tua.
pme
alcrpol1,
-yraata
duzw
kras!
to
poll ttin8
ek81
811a
ti8.
8 !ne l&.
sta
exun
SB&
e:mera
atte
etro
_______aftu tu
Sn
t1& oree&
kalu.
_________ !ne
makr18
pukimiaa.
aral naJne
at1n
r8rt1&
e1cat
tu pl)'8nun
Sn
pertimi .
a'YOrune
aB4ta
torea~
e11.naa
kat8at1ma ine
1 1 tal!a !ne
t.u
tB'"
1 prezv!a !n(e)
at1n
kat8st1aa
!ne 1! akr1W&.
k8ero
kustUi
aft.ea
&
askass
~_.
ta .aUna
tus
k.
B4m.w 6 -10
poll
! yame
proeox
meyalo
poUt1z6a
sas.
as !
pote
ul
musaJs
saf'ti t1(n) daverna vlepete polus
ipuo
sas.
pelatls
135
GREEK BASIC COURSE
aftis tis yinekas.
maresi
piynun pol
stin i ta1la
afto to
kali tex.s
1e1 pote
en
panda
!xan
efxaristes
simera ta psarya ine

aft
sitisis
freskos
to ka t4stima xi m:ia meyll plld.l!a
exete
1ta_ton.
pulc8misa.
ine
i fili
It1JDos
ixame
pr8pi
ra
anropi.
ton
spityn
k8erete
i elines ine
ine
neyr11a.
pu1Jdsu
ine
ps art
sas.
ine
pol
-------
metak80ts
ep1.1dnins
1aOs.
naB
t8xni af'tOn ton
Bxi
a1'tu
xrma
etxhistos
mazi mas.
pri-,.ata
118J'esi poU to
t.&l1oa
pol!
paraira af'tn
IIIIlinoa
VDvakers
to fai sas1
a!'t8 ta sx1a ine
aUya
ioame to(m} batera sas.
ry
ta
yUsto
plB
a..asi08
y1nekes.
n6st18)s
_ _
pot aftl ton :xor . akri.
eeni1aSa
aJpolis
en
oaus.
per1'boe
lri 88
aMnatoa
i italia
ine.
as arisi i
i Mitera S88 ine
aerf
art
ta
.1' ti t
a.t't
to
0&0.
y1neka.
mu ine
yer.
ipilili.
estiatria
!ne poU
a!'t:ts tis
t.kseos
iomat1Jca
ine pol!
leri xi
kaears
8ksipnos
ep1vltes.
l-yOB
Verb8
eniB
aftos
Mn
xes
xr1mata
saftn.
no
610 to kras:t.
1)6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
e&:I&
ta
8a8
8n
88&
(88)
attu
kau.
Al.lc8adro
Urn..e
k10 rU.koa
aft
e.:l1I
prp1
.t1n
prep1 na
..: xee.
1taUa,
------ to
------ po18
(..)
(.) 1 a
---_.-
xrnu
pSs ()
..t. &40
t:!
ra
!
8
t:!
to
ina
xrno.
~vl!o.
n!k08
81
....
pra'YUta.
na pi;y8D81ie t.a
r8187
.:lerA7
pii na
8t1n
e18e.
------- tu8 811nes7

eUn1D.
t.o tno
na
pzo:b
to a:.& tu { fore&.
pd
tu
tro
stin aeinai
(.&)
.n.
st1(n) davema.
aft
18 piad.a.
to krasf?
na
arta
ya t1.n eliCIa.
prepi na k8nete?
.
-..------
ayor4zo
okt.
sti.
l8.
Xe&
an.:t
pd
st1n
xrno
8na
Cl1
to
()
arnzo
kenU1'yes foreIS;ru.
~AB"
(..8)
'1.
- - - - pr!n
_________ na
akUo
xei8?
CIul,yi llti.
ile
ey
. xrnya.
&tin e1ACla prin
peyB
ln1er 6 - 10
xees .t1(a) b8trat
() peristero
an.
enCI1ariron
881't.
to pra-yUJ
xr1.:1a4ho
1)7
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Harrative
~!_~f1Q ~ .
1n a while,
Co, -,
l1ttle, fev
~_f!~Q] .
()
to arr:ive
~~/ ~~
P1raeus
oo~ ~ .
x~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ,
~ o~~ ~ t~, .
L'U ~ ~~o ~ lL L, ~ t~.
' oo~ .
' ' ~ ~
'~K ~ ~
6 ~K6 ~o.
~ f ~
~6 6 t~ ~ ~L
EiL L
L.
'
-& ~ 6 uL "
'.
~o KL'tora~ ~ (L.
6 laor~aor6PLO
L6 ~-& 6 t
'~ ii" 6 ,
~, ...
.
x~,
Ma ' ~~ nLcXTO L L
6 t, ,
, ~L.
6 6
L,
cnxMora,
ii-&
~ ~KO L
KL'aVTOt
uL L 6 -&
cf~ npt.ly
ii-&EMV
~ ,
YLcX
',
EIvaL
EIvaL uL ~o 6.
L 6~ L~6 '
fL ' 6L.
~.
YLcX
L -&cxL
6 -&L 6 L ~ 6 ~~.
KL'
~6,
-&.
L6
~L 6 .
6L
-&L, 6L -&.
n~L
' ~
6L.
~ L ~, 138
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Revie
, la~~a~6p~a, , ~ ~ .~..
6o~.
npwt
6 -
,0
l ~~ ~o .
x~~~o~ ~ ~ ~~ ~6 ~ ~ 6
cf
~o 6 ~~ 'Axo~ U.
.
,
A.~6 'A~6 ~~
~ 1 . ~~ ' ~ ~~ xx~o~o '.
'cfa ~ ea~ xxt -
6 cf~~ a6,o ~o cipfaE~ ~6 tfPE~ v ,.
139
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Unit
11
()
to
~ -rl
(the) bank
~ ~~K -r
'nIe Nat10nal Bank
ork
used to
ork. as orking
Oreece
6 x6~ ov -r ~~
& -r
years ago
Bank
unt11
6
t -rC
-.
Nat10nal
uaed to start
. (the) .rternoon
-r6
6K-rw
6.
used to start (IIG") ork at 'clock 1
lIIOm1ng [and vork] unt11
to 1
the
aEternoou.
!-r
.
at
Greece.
W~ -r o~ '-rC
to
-
to cbange, C8_h, 8XChange
& !-r
& '
sere
fore1gn, fore1gn8l'
& ()
WEnPEnE
orked
l1x~
-r6
-r6
had. to ere ('It a D8C8_sary t.hat
-r -r
serV8 ,) a lot
Eore1gners
ho anted
to exchange the1r money.
-r.
~6-r,
-,
lIIOst (adj.)
~6To~ '-r
-r
-r
Host
! theD
had their lIIOney'
dollars.
-r o~.
to be vorth. to be
deserve
oeon, anyone
~o , - , -
value. to
140
G BASIC COURSE
Eva
~~
11
dollar 18 worth
drachmas and vi th th18
'~ ~ ~
{much] money one can do many th1ngs ln
~y~
Greece.
-,
'.
-6
obvious
, -,
European (per80n8)
~6, -,
-6
6 Eno
<
~ x~.
It 1.8 obvious that the
European 8 eU
the Amer1cans kncw that Greeee 18 an

1nexpens1'V9
count..
~xo
to come
tPXOV~CL
they
( the) thousand
M~ LL
by tbe thousands
CC11118
And for that [rea8on] th8y
coe by
tbe
thou_and8.
vhen they
cOIIe
~ 6o1.~
(the) beau~
~6
(the) cUmate
Ixclt1.6~
(the) ant1qu1 ~, ancient onume'
L~f (lL~f)
to return
MoL
L'v & xt ~ 6L
'", 6 '",
Mt
~ dPXCL6
~ ~, ~ou Luv
And. vhen they

cl:1Jate
cor.e
COM
and 1ts
and
888 1.
IIIOUIII8nts,
back here again
beauty,
the7
ant
1.
to
8oret1ae.
L.
~ ui.& &yc
o~ vLCv.
1ndeed
'rh18
ork
very
1Dtreat1Dg
{Ib8d
a lot interest'} imeed.
G R
S :
c R S
()
-/-,
to offer, to 8uggest
-
better
L-&
( the) salary
()
to
But
-&. L6 L~, L6L '

~ ~ &,f,
fv ~
L'v .
WaS
offered ( they offeroo me')
better
poeition with more sa1ary. (Recause) you

they dldn't pay me
(and)
80
weU 1n that
knw
1eft.
101
102
110
LL
200
LL
300
6L
400
vL
500
600
!6.
700
LL
900
tL
1000
Responae DriU
-~ 6 6 6

:> f. \) 6
La.
~VL T~a
~ ~L 't~v 50LJ ;
..
'
1 6 ;
.6
6..
'
~ ' .
142
G REEK BASIC COURSE
( ~6o~ o~
1mIT "
( ;
6 d(~ o~~o;
T~ .
( t~
( ~ ;
~ .
';
Exo~ ( o~
, ~xoT~ x~~.
.
( ~o ~~
~ 6 o~;
o~ o~
(, & VO.
( ~ ~y 6 ~ &-
6 (
~~ ~6To ~.
Narrative
6 ~ ~x. dnq.
6
.ei
a1rplane
~~ .
( (()
to
kn,
to
ee
( ~ ' fe
.
.~ (.~)
' (. ~'.
6 (
1s1and
E~ iU9kx6 4 6
'.
~x6, -~,
-6
natura1.
i ;
()
to
br~
6 6 6 .
(6)
to C8sh
check
G REEK BASIC COURSE
' LL
for example
xXpLV L .
6 L6 .
L 6
'
~Xe:~
kilocram
etKOOL L.
pack (of cigarettes)
~L L ' 6 6.
'L
LL , , , YLX
x~, 6 6 , L L
~o L .
' L L L .
'L
L ,L
YL~ ' ,
LO (L 30 xt '~ L
. L t t XXPLV
L 6 ,
L ,
lva LL YLX 6 Lv
, L.
L6L L !; O~~
L .
oo~ VL.
Respons8
D'iU
-----------_.
VL
L,
~L
tfVOL
' 6
6.
~L
rLX ,
a ,
L6
L .
'
1 L,
~xo.
"
GREEK BASIC COURSE
& o~ ~o ~
~C
v'
~ x~ ~o.
vd o~o ~
~.
. ~~ v ;
a~o x~
K~6 , nK~o ~~da

! .
6 M~6 OL ~6~o~
o~ /
~ ~ .
.;
dptaE~ ~ c;
.~, ~o~ . nc .
!~~_!.!.:!. C1u8 Verb8. Cont1nu0U8 (Imperf'ect.1w) Put.

- 6(,0 6... 60u ~
7UI qo _rked 1n t.be b8ak.
~Ccx.
''.; -" 6. .
The
1UII1
-Oat1rwous
correspnd.8
'1'b8
endinp to the
Put describe8 _ hab1tual or
rohly
Cont.inuu
wed
to
Pa8t
tJe
contiuous
the Cla8a
verb
18
.r01'Md.
by
.C
teM
peraonal
Paat, e.g.
~za.~_!!!t!
U8ed
ar.r1xLng paat
the verb, the strea. pattern 8d the _upnt (11 ~)
UoM ! te SiJpl
X.t
.tate or _ct.ion 1n the pa8t
Engl1.huaed to do so-nd-eo.
1Jperf'e<:t1e .tea
are tbe . . . . .
to atart D7 vork.
..i!!.8l!1!2~.22
. a
to begin
U8ed to dr1*
etc.
etc.
IpXIoCc
ipxtccc
()
ipxtcaoc
( )a-
&.;
or
.a
or
~xtcavc
,,
The Cont1nuoU8 18 _1va18 'regular'.

ae othere) baw ~
Some verbs (such l>
one _paat. t8nae tom, Vh1ch may
and . and
Me e1ther pertect1ve (S1mple Past)
or 1Jperfect1e (ContinuoU8 Past) lDean1ng.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Note
11.2
--------Tbe
Sg.
Verb: Past tense

past tense
the verb
the verb "
you had
he (she J
18:
Pl.
had
~oCX
'
we had
' ';"
you had
( )
they had
'to come'.
'';" ~oT ';"
And for tha t reason they come by thousands
'.
to Greece.
The erb
~o .
Cl.ass
verbs
Me .
had
~~:!_~~=.~ Verb: 'lbe verb
';"
'to
'to come' 15 a '1rregu1ar' Class 1 vcrb.
11
be discuS3ed
:later un1ts.
this stage J hO'",ever J the student
shou1d already be able to use this verb in 1 ts three basic forms which are
fo110WS:
Present Tense
1.
2~
,.
~o. .
2.
~ .
~x'';" or -&
~';" .
o'I.
~-&
.';"
etc.
CO
~p
etc.
1 came
~-&
'.&';"
~-&
~.&()
Perfect!ve
Sten Fo
--------------------
1.
&
or
30 or
-&
2.
-&
cr
-&
&';"
&';"
3.
-&
or
&
30() q
'l'he Future and the Subjunctive forms
this vcrb are constructed by
prsent and the Perfect1ve stem irms with the partic1es

1
be
shou1d be noted
~- - respectively.
-& ~-&
the S1mp1e
';" ~-&
';" ~-&
30
conb1n1ng
the
and
and Perfective stems
50 that may hear
'he'll cone' paralle1
Other forms
..
this verb
ray
a150
' came' and
';"
';" -&.
this verb wi11 be discussed in 1ater units J togethcr with other Class
erbs.
146
"
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~_~!~~
Adject1ves denoting nat1ona11t1es.
EvL 6 L L .'
L ~
It's obv1oU8 t.bat the &1ropeana
the Amer1cans lmov that Greece i8
L ~~ .
cous1"1
1nexpens1ve
~6o ~L ~~ ~ l
; hov perfect the ancient Grcek art
8.
.K~ ~x
L ' lcx
that. the anc1ent Qreeks
real art1_t8.
Cyo 1C4/..~.
Adjecti'V88 d8n0t1Dg nat1onaUti_ have tvo
.6 (')
or th1ngs, e.g. (,)
'an
Other
1ns
depending vbet.her they
aod1.fy
perSOM
a...'C6 -m36.
but (.)
J8r1ca lr'
'an A8er1can _tatian.'
exaple8:
1 y~~6
French doctor
"In6 (~
a Spanish sailor
6 X4.y~
8 Geran
Pao L'n)-nc;
\ .6 :WC1/
a French
~n.6
a Span1sh
va:6c;
profe_8Or
Russ1an student.
ho
t8pl.
~ y~K~ ~x
Qenn
~ c1'.K~ 6..
Rw_1an t
art
JdjectiW8 tbe f1r8\ C8teo1"1 {i... tho8e odif7 peI'8OD8) are 8l8o U88d,
1n
_l18h, ..
na.
Un
e.g.
1c..6(
-BUva:
&-

Russ11
With on.
tonu
8 .
except.1ona the adjectivea (or nouns) ot the tirst. categor,y have te1n1ne
in -.: e.g.
'
Greek
French
VOI'W\
,47
GREEK BASIC COURSE
5panish woman
. (
German
Russian
~~~_~~~~:.l Houn: Hae !
languages.
' .3( l.
The languages
e.g.
study Greek.
various countries
the French language
y.x~K
"the
e1~K
the Rus81an 1anguage, etc.
Greek language
Oran
language,
are a180 1'8terred to as

-
~x
"areek
- y~x
French
- . ~x
Oan
- e1~X
Ruas1an... etc.
Note that these nouns a1'8 UBed in
~-e~!~_~~~!_!2!:"'_~.
~x ~ .
Cireek
x~x ~ ~Ko.
Spanisb 18 -87.
y~x ~ ( .
18 d1rr1cult.
French
18 a beaut1tul lagua.
- - ( ~ .
~:
~x x~ .
'Ea -6 - ~.
'Ea ~' ~( ~.
- - - ~ .
- ~ ~o x~ .
x~ .
'E~ ~(
.
- - x~ .
-( ~:-;
( - (
-( ~' - ~ - x~
x~ 't.
't.
148
'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
nfPVCJL
"
~ 3 ~ .
' ~
. A~6
~ ~6 , ~ .
't 6 .
t C~ ~ L ' ~ C.
A~
vL& 3 ! ~ x~.
&PXLCav
"'. '/
.
6.
XL ~V
ItL .ed
!- ~6 a C1C.
~3 ~6
A~6 fPXE~I, ~. 3 ~ .
'EoEtt x6O'~
A~6 ~ ~-&
~.x;
l.
~EIoLEtt & O'~. ~. .
l 3 .
'Ec1Ett
x~ . ~'t( t ;
~&~ ;
At~o lp&o\lv ct .
A~ xo~.,A 3 .
& l 6.
'E<J(j 6~ ~3;
A~6 ~3 O~ / .
' ~a '~ ~ x~
6~ ~8~ ;
nfPVCJL.
A~o ~pkv l 6 .
Transtoation
Correlation DriU8
------..--.-----------------------U8e the
ord8 1 parenthea88 8IId
change the
' ~2Y~~2Y~ ~ ~.
A~6 !!!4~!!
'EaEtt
nL1t'I'
4EL'&1
pa8t.
( 6)
(\l.)
..
A~6 ~6 ~OK~o
\lderlined erb8 to cnt1nuow
yta ~~ .
( )
(3)
' 6L}LC 3 ~& cn~v "-
~ 412~~2~Y ~ ' ~6 ~6
(.)
( 6)
xa~/.
A~6 . ~ .
( 3 )
G REEK BASIC COURSE
L !~~ K~ ~
(~ )
~!~2~~ '6 6 L.
( 6)
r
atu~~ 6 6 .
(~)
L ~f2~~~ o~ .
(~ )
ReSpnS8
Exercis8
o~
6 :
o~ :
E~ ~o o~ :
"
L ' o~o ~K
" :
~ -&~ f ~lX;
-& 6 6 ~-&6 :
6 r&:
~ lX~
xat
1S0
12
G REEK BASIC COURSE
tmit
12
George
George ('VOC )
M~/Mo.& (a)
to look, 1;0
seel lookJ
., M~ . .
Georce,
vho I
t.he cioor.
(the)
ailr.an
6 &a.
(the) telegr_
ya.
(the )
,,", -, -
re~i8t.ered
', . "
.' ,
let. t.er
themai1Jr..an ~.r. Qeorge.
telegrar.
You
Me
and a registered let.t.er.
(. rLpyo.
.
. (~)
to wait
~T
wait!
6 6
. 6, . .
'ait
1nute, 1'11
coming right.
a87.
------------
here it 181
Aerica
to 8ign
()
15'1
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~6 ~6 ~
Here 18 your letter and the telegram.
'~ ~.
are from America.
They
Sign here,please.
~ ! .
~\)OW
to
ail
~\)o
,;
that you
() [ ~o]
to throv (tbrow it!]
~6 o\)~
(the) box
~6 ~\JL
(the) post ofn ce, _11
-r6
(the) stamp
-r6
Do
a favor.
~o ~6 ~6 ; P'~o
-r6
at ('of l
xou-rt
~o -r.
~E
Put i t
)
can
you
( ov i
11811
ail
this letter for
t') in the
the poet ofrice.
na11box
It has stamps.
-r6
!
~&
-r&
10ud1y,
8trng],y
(the) neV8
& r1te
-&
vfcx
~ ~&,o.
6 ;
Coe,
read them 10ud1y, George,
nen
ha
15 the
('your brother vri t.es you').
!: ()
to hope
lnLaxfn-roxL (&)
to
&
lnLaXEcpo&Tj
that he visi t .
-r6
( the) unner
ia
He says that he hopes to visit. us this

-r6 ~6 .
'[6
xopt~aL
X~o
sumer
snething
(the) girl
to be
arr1N
G REEK BASIC COURSE
& n\l~~/~o&
x~~!o.
that he be arri
~ ~o
And soDleth1ng e18e.
Ko~~, ~ n~~.
He vanta to get urried.
('he vanta ua to find h1JD a g1rl so that

he :arr1es her')
, -, -
~6 Vt.:~
beeutitu,
band8cne
he doesn 't
npotM
(the) -dor1
Ncf l~ 6vo, ., *6 MC
*xt
,a
He "18 [he vanta her]
~6 o~&:~ ~ .
on.
to be good and
pretty and be doesn't eare about the ckNr,y.
~!!e!!_~
-ru6-.
~C r~"pyov:
lx~
~x6o ~ ~6 r~:
-r K.~ v-r
.
6 ~ ~:
~
r~pyot;
6 -r~v .K~.
cn6v
-rv6:
Ncf -rou
cf .,
-rou
-rgv~
: .
~ )(
-rTjt; .cf uv-r -r6 ..
r~:
cn6v
-r.
.
66
-rou
.~yo;
;. 4 -r(, !.a.- .-r6
-r6
.;
cll4 ...
~ .. 4
wu
c c
..6
t-r. .4 4 ClV-rpevrTj
..
npot...
--_._--
Ilu'rat.1w
; . (, 6,;
I~c;
. 6
-r6
.6;
_m.PA'.
a-r6 ~~~~e!~.
-r.M6
abroad
!!~e~~~! (, ~yOc.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
()
to pass, spend (t1me)
Q~~~ C .
howewr
~x ~~!~ .
ne1ther; nor; even
~~~f~~~ .
unrt
~~~~!~~ na~o.
he s1ts
M2~!~ ~x, .
as
~~~~~~ .
to be sorr,y
!~Q!g.
noth:lng
una te, poor
as
, na, -
!~~~~~~~:

1nter:i.or
:~~~!~~ !
.
~!~~~f! ~
.
to send
()
~ ~ !~~!~I l
mnY
order
~ ~~~Q!~~~! .
().&
8ddre88, d1rect1on
~!~!~:.

pacJge
telegraph o!'f"1ce
NewYork
' f ~3 &
a 6.
! .
6 .
o~ '.
.
~ na~o
6 ~x ' ,
154
G REEK BASIC COURSE
t.
'~6 ~~ L ~:' uL l ~o~ YL~
6 L ~ ta~EPLKOU'. HE~aL MLp6.. nEPV~EL
~~ ~ l '~6 N~o.
O~ l ~x6o
~( ~6 ~6o MLp6 C! '~6 ~
tnL~a~ 50 .
~6 , ~~ LV&uL ~o ~o,
I~ ~ ~ l
'rijc; IcL , lS~L
o~. o~ . ~X~CI /'t 'j
6, .
o~ 'r . '" elvcL UoL KO~~ '}.

Response Dr1ll
-----------~
LL ~ \lVC- ~oU
MIi.fe
rL~
rLa~' ClU-roc; ~ "AEpLX~:
C ~6 6 ~o
vcI
( ~~ lXE't.
Mlive. ~ ~ ~ lla:pw:
4.~Cl.
crr6
naa.fuo ro anL~LOU /
Ma LL ~6 'fCIu6.
~ pcmIEL 6L ~6 (~6 ~Cxv6 xt ycla.
'j " 6 ~ax6o:
) ;
'Aui. o~.A4
.4 i,
..\
'j ,c .v.r6 Ic,vc . ;
1'6
~O'
6 ya'AI wr-
'.
y&a o~ .~ c <r6ov .-
6 t.~CI" 50 o/.c.
f I,
d l~ / crr6 yac:
~ IC7'fELoc vc ,. &c; c~c. ", & . / oe,u
Ma! yp*jyoa 8 :.
MOy'ri
~.
r-t1cal lote8
-----------------
!!!:!-!.!~!. 10181 Vocat1 V8.
., x~~~o: nOL6c; elvaL c~
Oorp,
.88 V!1o. at the doorJ
M~:
HEx~ u~o,
Mr. George, you have a registered letter.
pLE rLGipyO
tSS
G REEK BASIC COURSE
, ~ .
These
exaples
Maria, ceae qu1ckly.
il1ustrate the use
calling or addressing someone.
the vocative
As can be
8n
in Greek, vhich is used in
from the above
exaples,
nouns in the vocat1ve
case are used Vithout articles.

First declen$ion:
a) Masculine nouns in - bave the vocative like the accusative, e.g.
Vocati ~
It should be noteci,
hwever,
that
nouns in
Be
especiall7
soc:i-al or proressional position rom their vocative in -

~
b) MaacuUne
VO"-Atiw :
DOUW in
c) All
denoting a h1gher
(a8 1n katharevusa) ..
pror"aorl
bave the voeative alvays l1ke the aceusative,
Vocatiw;
Eeinin
ninat1w,
ho
and neuter nouns
..
ot the !1rst d8cleaaion ha,ve the vocative like the
8.1.
,w
, daughterJ
ad
ch1lciI
~~~!~!~!_
MeuliD8 nouns 1n -
S1rJ, no
(except proper nueB) bave the vocativ8 in - 8.g. <.
CaptainI
b) Mos prper nanes in- the '9'Ocat1ve l1ke the accusat1ve-, e.g. .
~_!.!!.!:.
GeorgeI
Verb: Clas8 Verbs: I:perat.ive.

l(
SeeJ
U.f 6.
W81 t a
irwteJ
'1he above ex.amples il1ustrate tbe use ! IJperative (Cc:and !orm).

The
IJperative
in Greek can be either 'perf'ective' or '1IIIperf'ective'.
IJperat.ive eans siJply
'do the action
'keep doing the action
and a pol1te or plural
0118
the verb'.
the verb' vhile th8

bas
vo !orns:
'iJper!ective'
!uiliar 8
Imperat.ive IDean8
(2nd pers. singU1ar)
(2nd person plural).
The 'perfective' Imperative vill be referred to

Imperative
b 'perf'ectie'
iJp1y
as 'Imperat1ve' and the
'iper!ective'
'cont1nuous' Imperative.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
,a
!!~~_~~:.~:.! Imperat1 (perf'ect1 )

he IJperat1ve
1s f'onned 1n Greek by adding the sutlix - (tam1liar f'onn)
or plural f'onn) to the perf'ect1ve
8te1 !
or
--
(polite
the verb.
F..xaplea :
.-
6cj cj-r
u--r-r
{--r
( .)
readJ
[.
s1gnJ
[ (ocj)
1:0 s1gn.]
8eel
(--
to
( u-r-r)
read.]
8.
SCe verb8 with 1rregular perf'ect1ve stem Iors ( Note 6.4) '1rreg.lar' Iaperat1ve8:
~~!:._~~~!:!!!
Pert.Ste
Verb
88,.
...
.-
. .-r /.-
t1Dd
-/-
drinlc
!!~:!_!.!:.!:.!.
Continuoua
-r /-r
"tj.)"tc
I8perat1w.
~ Cont1nuoua IJpe1"'" (tkeep do1ng 80-and-sol') 18 tored by 8dd1ng the sutt1x

Ion)
(tud.l1ar
--r
or
(pol1te or plural torm) to the 1Jnpertect1ve Btea
the erb.
~l.s
~"-
keep read1ngl
6 u-r
k8ep look1ngl
v--r
ete.
u---r
Verbs with vovel Btes (98 . 6.3) haw the t8lll1l.1ar IDperat1ve f'onn 1n -- and
tbe pol1te tOl1ll 1n
--
..
!.1!e!~~~!!!_~~!!!
Verb
-rp~
-rpw-
-r/--
aay
Note
'Ihe
* The
~~:._~~~!!!
on1,.
Cnt1nu0U8
Imperat1ve lonn
Sg.
&u/u/lfu
f'onn
7fTJyatvw
the verb
18
wed n
the verb
(cOn t1nuous) Imperat1 f'onn:
the telepbone only
f- 2t
-r*
1s:
equ:i valent to the
English 'helloJ'.
,S7
G REEK BASIC COURSE
!~~~-!~!~ Verb: Impersonal verb
..
'1'.0 care'.
6 .. . npotx.
The erb . . iB used
He doesn't care about 1'.he dowry.
i:npereonal1y,
1.e. in 1'.he )rd pcrson s1ngu]a r as follows:
Present
Pas1'.
------
..
11 don11'. care
.&.
you dm' 1'. care
~o. you didn 11'. care
.&:
.:
..
..
! c'i
...
c'i
vo.
.&:.
1.
etc.
..
..
~o.
..
d1dn 1'. care
etc.
Gra8lat.1cal Drilla
------------------
''sA , n. .ou.
K~ .. ~&,
Dou
" ...
1.,dt ou;
cn,
.;
-On .t, KUPtez ou.
no.6 1. 6
6 cz6~ 6
' ; cz, . .(.

. .-&',
6..,
t \
-:6
o&cz.
t &. cra.
rLiyo, "
Min.
. czxu6, ;
G.D.1
. 6 ~ ou .
lIfo& 6 & , .
u.. .
., . ou.
1Se
12
GREEK BASIC COURSE
o~ ~.
~.
! .
!.
! ~, .
! .
~ , .
Mci 3.
~ .
! 6 .
~C 6 .
' , n.
~ .
" !~ ! .
3!
!i ! , !.
oC~ !
lxovv
! .c. 36 .a 6 6 .
! o~C~
av
~ .
oC~ 36 o~~.
SUbst1tution
Subet1tute the appropr1ate
phrasea 1n the
follov1Jg
Iperative 1'o1'lllB
'the wrb for the underlined /prlJp1/
sentencea.
E!~~!_y~_~~~!~6 .
e~~~~_~:~ef~~ oE~ ~.
~~~~_Y:~I~~~~!~ 6 6 nC~.
Ue~~~~_~_~e~ 6 6 oo~.
Ue~~~!_y~_~!~~ 6 6 3.
e~~~!_~4e!q~!~_~ . .
~e!~f!_~g_~~!!q~ . .
e~~~~__~~~~Q~!~ .
~e~~~~_~_!~Q_~_!.
.e!~~!_~_~~e!~~f!~ .
.!~~!_y~_~~~ ! .
~e~~~!_~_~~~!~Q .
1$9
G REEK BASIC COURSE
E~!~~_~~_!~I~!~ .
E~!~~_~~_~~~!~ ~ In.
~E~!~%_~~_~~~~~I~ n~~.
~e~~~!-y~_~~& ~~ .
~e~~~~_~~_ef~~& ~ .
Respnse Eercise
-----------------
~ ~ ~;
~ j~;
rifE ..E -r ;
' ~xo ~ ~ v ;
E~ xo~ n. t;
no~cf ~ ~& ;
t ~ ~K ~ ~ ~i;
~ notx, \ ci ~ x~;
II6L ~ ~ i ~ n~~ ;
\ ~~;
-rou " . ni-rE ~;
. & ft~ a~ ~;
160
GREEK BASIC COURSE
UNI '3
(the) servant
L/at
(the) a1d
& a
EtvaL
Our
aid's
husband 18 a sallor.
.
6 vL
6aL,
-,
(the ) (ocean )liner

-
world (adj.)
~
uL
aL
aT6
(the) hope
vL' 6
He works an the (oeean) l1er 'Wor1d Hpe'.
'.
6,
-,
-6
, ~,
EtvaL
H15 life, so she tells us,
'98r7 bard.
.
/u
UpfnEL
(,)
to
ear:q
M~ (M~a)
to clean
6 MTaTci
(the) deck
He bas
6 crc.
ao
npfnEL
aJce
up
ery
ear:q and clean the
deck.
up
u MC
ake
afterwards, later,
(aoa)
beJord
to w1pe, ....ep, bru8h
(the) cab1n-
cn (aT6a)
6 L
(the) bed
ao ~
prepare (the bed),set (table)
Atterwards he
cn L.
to sweep the cab1n8
ard
..ke the beds.
,61
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(uaed af'ter
verb o~)
af'ter
~ ~)
1'.0 tinish
(the) capta1n
~~6
(the) otticer
~~ ~~ ~ o~& ~pt
(un1t0J:Wld)
Atter he tinishes this job he has to clean
~ ca~ ca
the
o~xo Ma ~~K.
otticers.
capta:n's
cab1n
aD
those
/ (1)
1'.0 tee1 pa1n,
Kopc:.o, -, -
tired
Ko~
1'.0 sleep
-&
tbat be 81eepa
.6 W oc~
io
tbe
hurt
At n~ht h1s body hurta hiI 80 {1IIUc:b], and
ca C 6 ., ou
he 18 80 tired that he can t
81~ep.
o~-&.
~o~M
Ji1losophica1r
that 18 ('these has')
fxE1.
.4 c~6 ~oo~.
.:
'
B.t
&; & Ix~ 'm vcuTI
he
philoophica~ saya 'bat
tbat'. the l1te
cno~ (u)
a aai1or l
to plan, 1'.0
tocUcI. Uo 6.c C~
He plans
can ve do,
1'.0 ork t.o J88I'8 tbe . . .
4caa..
oooW
- ooof
he viU
6 CX;
a _11 s1'.ore
&
nou &ci
OKoo~,
.8".
And vith the 1DOD81 tbat he
-&'C C.
buy 8
sa
V8
he wiU
store.
!!!!~_~H
E~ .
o~& ~ ~
~ ou;
162
1)
G REEK BASIC COURSE
nOL6
.;
6 L
6L
L ;
L .
LC L
L6L L
of L.
TC
L L
&
. - 6 -r-r,
-rC -r
-r -rL.
L L
L
L -
& ;
'.,
L3 6 ;
L'
-rwv
LL.
L6n L
-r6
-r6v
-rou
. .
.. ~ . .
&, -r ..
-rOV
Mv-ra:
-roii
/.
6 MLp6 .
Xp6VLtX.
3;
C 3 ;
8' -r
3 .
Narratiw
~tl_~~~~~ 1~. L~ .
Greece
-r6 !~_~.!:i!4~.!: I~. .
port, harbor
6 -r 1L
6 ~_~p!.~.
d
..
cook
L6-r '-r -r
~xo -rL-r 3L,
-r6
-r6 !Qye!~!~~ ~xL
'(L -r.
-rL-rL6,
-,
tour18t (adj.)
-6
6 6 -r-r . '!!g~Q~~
,
16)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'<t:6
<ta: t :
<tpfa
YLci
ltalian
(.
<tv D<tp: ~!~~l~~~
t ~& v &.
cn::<t
Au<t& <ta
(<t::<t)
to stop
:&:<t: ~!~e~~y : .
L:~ (L:~f)
to last
Ain6 <t6 : L v L 1!~!~ X~~.

<t, -,
ruu
joy
6 vL
~vL
&
& & x\}pLO
-av<t6 elaL ~Av : Xto.
L&VL
a<t6
".
LCLci.
-rou
l:n<tci x:w<n'p<tc MC 6
6 l:<n'.cx<t6PLo <t 't & e1VXL &u&L.
"EXEL :
v L.t ~ 4 Lv ~.' '<tv ~
' <t
4.
6 .
-rou
~x. <t &..
L6<t.
t.~ o~.o : <tULcn.~ &.
~6 .
. xc v U
wU~.
etw.
6 ~.o,
<n'::-m. / ~::
1I4t
'I~o.
in't~et tn.~
1Cll ".
. 6
.~,
eIVXL
EtMOaL
~6
6 ':u<tv
vc
YLci
'. ~o 6 ~ .~ ': lAX~
U v 1Cll C. 1\ y~ .:.
1CIIt
:.
~!~!-~!!
& :\}.
cn6
VL ~o .:.;
IJW V . ,6 ~6 1.0;
ElvCXL &. M4t ~XEL noAv
ta~Lcx~6PLO <t
&.
"EXEL
' t :.
D6z M4~O"~ .;
a. ~6
6 .
O.KLta:
1CIIv L;
MaL~:,
:~
v :.
M4t
Lv.
Uv: ':~o'
VL ' ~ ':.
4 o~.o L6~L
L~L~
&f.
tL~;
164
GREEK BASIC COURSE
. 6 6 . ~.
. '6 : ..
6 .: 6 . 6
'.
lote 13.1. Verb: Class 11 Verbs.
Notes
Present Tense.
. o~ .
He has to
6 6 . 6
o~, o~ : o.~.
'lhe above sentences
w.1n
stressed
1lluat-ate
c!'.aracter1stic
the
the use
erb8 !
and aother 1n
Accord1ng1y, the
Cla8S
JW 80
that he
can't sl.eep.
Class 11 verb8 1n present tense {see a1ao
th1s class
(Uke
verbs have two sets
~!!!i'
vake Up wry ear]y.
night his body hurts
1n the1r citation or (Uke
[01118, on 1n
' -&. C
.. .
Gramatical
'D1e
13
.6. . .
o~ ;
they
1 ther
erxi 1n
't,o be able') have t1Io a1ternate
/
!
.4).
personal end1ngs 1n the Present tenses
Plur.
1.
a.
-~
or
-~
-EtorE
3.
-:
-./-e
-(}
'Jhere are three
"OUp8
~~..l cap
of
or
or
-e
-e
-e(}
class ot 'gerbs:
verb8 vhich have
plural 8J'Id 1n the th1rd person plural.
altemate fo1'll8 1n the f1rst person s1ngular and
'D1e altemate
o:s
used 1nterchangeab]y by the
nat1... pe8n ! Oreek, e.g.

Verb , -
't,o 1888'
Plur.
-----
on
fonr..
1.
2.
3.
./
()
or
- cm
orn
or
or
(}
165
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~~_!
comprises Class
verbs which are used in both alternate fonns 1nterchangeab1y
1n aU persons, e.g.
().) 'to speak'
.,- (or
Verb
~~.
-
Plur.
- fonr:
fonn
- or
tonn
,.
2!
().i
.ci
or
()~o
2.
.i
52:
(6).
.i'f
or
().'i:'f
3.
../.i 21:
().:
.i()
or
()./.()
~~~e_~ cpri
Verb
Class
verbs which have
alternate forms e.g.
lto be able'
Plur.
,.
2.
'i:
'i:'f
()
~~_!~~!_Class
he
qy
Future
eans
ecf
verbs: Future and Subjuncti'V8
Cc:81U1lOUS
C1t:inuous.
and the SUbj_ct1w Cont1nuous
tbiB class
! verbs
oned
and respectively, e.g.
8 .4 4+ ~.
1'11. be spealdng f!1Very day.
8 ci~ 'f c.
' U
8i i~ f 4+ fcx.
l' 11 be s88111g 10U
!0t8 '!-.!
are
'tiSM.
keep uldng 10\1 a1l t.be

eery
da7.
C1a8a wrb8. Iiotat.1en.
BegUm:Sng 1t1 1" ,4 verb. be1ODg5ng
to t.be Group , 11111 be
arkei (,) Sn tbe
buUd-upe,
wrb belmq to the Group a v1Ube arke4 (2) 8nd V8Z'b8 be1oDg1ng to th8 Oroap 3 WiU be
8U'kei (,). 8.1.
to
cx.cn
(a)
to thanlc
CW
(3)
to 11'98
"'
1'he Perfective st8
orns
ake up
(.)
..
will be given :1n parentheses as for the Class
()
()
'gerb8:
,66
UNI
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Grarratical
13
Drills
o~~ f f ~~.
~~~ ~ ~6 ! '~6 ~6
oci;
~~, K!~ Do;
A~6 ~ 3 ~~ t~ .
O~ ~ ~6
'~6 a~~ 3 .
~o f f ~'~OK~6 ~o.
~~ ~~~ ~'~OK~;
! ,
A~ ~ ~ .
6 ~~ ~K! ! ~.
3 ~ ~.
\ ~ ~ 3~ .
OKoo~ K~! ~ ~ ;
~f '~~o\ ~~ .
A~6 f ~!
x!~ ~ ~o! ;
~o! ~.
o~~ K!~;
~~ f ~~ ~6~ K!~ ~o;
~ '~6 n ~ 6K~;
A~6 ~~~6 u! f f.
COrrelation-Transf'oat1on
--------------------------
Change the personal end1!'1gB ! underUned 1rerb6 to agree v1th the prcnOUS (or ouru)
11sted
1 parenthes~s.
~e~!!~~~ f f.
(~6)
~!~ ! '~ ~ ~.
()
~~~~~~ 3 f ~ ~.
(~f )
A~o ~~ey~~~ '~6 ~~ 3 f.
(<)
!~~~~!!~~ K!~;
(~6)
~~~~~~~~ ! .
()
6 ~~ ~!~e~~! ~.
(~ 3~ ~ )
A~6 ~!~~!~~! ~~OK~.
()
2i~2~~~~~ ~ x~~ .
(~o)
A~6 ~~~~y~! ~ f ~6 ~o.
(!)
~ ~~!!Y~!~
(<)
A~ ~!~~y~ ~
()
( ~e!!~MH ~6 6 ~
167
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(:')
66 ~~I~~ -
('L)
rLaTt
~l~e~~ ;
('L)
~~Xge~~! G.
()
6 ~~~~4H G .
()
6 6 ~~~~e~!~! G
('L)
e~!~~~ .
(6)
v ~~~~~! 6
iJ. .
(<)
~~!_~!"..!
8c 6a ~ V~
tpxoVTaL ' ~;
iC ~ o~ ;
pa ~ 6 ! 6 6 ;
0'.
BoT)'a''fE f u S -
'1' & oii 6
6 ;
1Wc; ElvclL xa~ V ,-*>vo _t ;
.ftcrc.
tn)yctv"t'fE 'fCV ~W'f ,mEpEcXVE~o;
-Bxcc. ~
~~.f MOa wo~~c.Ata ~a~;
Df)"t'fE RO ~" ;
'r&V .""c '6 .. nO'fc.JoUiTE ot;
168
G REEK BASIC COURSE
14
-------
tm.t ,4
pol1cun
-'l.lHa
(the)
(t.he) street
-'l.lHa, vL,na,
Aerica
Officer, where 18
street,
6 L;
(the) block, 8QUU' (Qeetr)')
-6 ''-
T811 blocl (tar) trc here.
Ha -- ' .
--
EtVaL
(the) barr8Ck
-i - --.
1t'5 r1Bht beyand the barracks.
~~e!~_~!~~:!!!1
old, aged, elder).;r
LLfv, -, -
EtVaL L LLv
\(Ha,
KL
Oh,
13 too far for an o1d
cn
l1ke _.
cbaufteur
~,,/~
danIt
(x~)(3)
to
'l.l-~
( the) ADbaasador
'' 'l.l-
the Abassador (katharnu8a

cm)
~ -,
'.( 'l.l.
- 'l.l''.
-'-(-6
tL

'l.l.
tbe _bassad.or. 1'11 giw you a
ot
it
('take you ith rr: car ).
-6 -
( the) sectiCll
~ (~)
(3)
oonaider,
(the) visa
Don' t worry, (Dy) ~, 'm the chaufteur
(()
to give a visa
GREEK BASIC COURSE
x~~ .
~6
' d
Thank you very much.
~L6 L, ~6
Aaerican
~~o .
like to go
t.he
Consu1ate, to the Visa Section
('to the 8ection that thel give visas').
~6
(t:'1e) son
6~/6~
(the )jnvitation
" ~6 ~~ ~K~ ~
~cnELoE 6L . v
have a 8 jn Ameri.ca fho 8ent me an
1nvita't'.iClll
1;0
go and
ee hb.
~6 .
'f.
'f6
to t..'tjnk, to
,~o
n1nd
{the) consul
~ (~)
in
{the) otfice, de8k
"E~aL cn,,~o.
Me
(,1
cn6
~o ~o otlou,
~o
ask tor, look
lr
50, -1'11 go ('1 have 1n m1nd to got) and
"
~6 xt ~o ~~ "
t.he
some
Aerican Cos and
ge't'. ('ask')
jnfrratin.
-..
cxoc.
to
80
"X~a .. o,. -. -
wetul
(o~)
(1)
appear
he appear
to help
" l\141 , ,
CX" x~.o * v ii o~a.
have a fri81d over there vho
tura out
to be U8efUl and helptul to ;you.
"
to
xoc" a " ci" *.
ay
1sh
hope ('ish') eveth1ng goes f1ne [for
you].
~..!..~
.t
~~ KUpta ' ~6 ;
'f ~ 6 A~K.
14
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~ , K~
~ 6;
' .
~ ~ ~ ~K~
~ 6 ;
. K~ .
6 '6 .
6~ 6
;
6 ~~6 , 6
~~ ';
~~~ ~K;
~6~ x~ L,
~ 6~ ~~
rL 6 L
~ 3 6 L
~o ;
6 ;
x~ , 6
x~o
o~ ~x~
.
Narrative
NKo~ 2_!f~f~!~I2~ o~
the last. reC81t.
~ .
:Q_~~2Y!2~ ~
wealth
~o !~~_f~~!e!~
~K&
opportW11ty
~ 2_!e~~2~
nanner
6 G
~~!Q!!~q!.
~
:impress1on
~o 6 ~ !E2~~~~.
frightru1. dreadful.
terr1ble, tremendous
171
GREEK BASIC COURSE
K~~6o ~x~ ~o !~
~~2~ ~& ~~&.

a(H
1n!luence
6 ~~~!e~!~ x6~.
~~o, -, -
:1Jeasurable
''EXE'rE !..l.~aa!.~~_ ;
~6 ~a~~o
pasport
6 M~~ ~o\ r1.pyOU :~ aovcx

u !!;.~
'e!:2-.
w K~'~O/X~~o
- ~el~~!~! a~6 K~o
1t 18 lo<:ated,
s1tuated
.
Ccxo~
to be tound
6 ~E.~C~O NCt.p6 "&.~ &u
av-m
1IOU
<U . ,,"6 &
'" < 'A~K.
"-:
C"/ ~ , ~ ~t, "Ma~ ou
MoVro
K~, . ~6 ,,"6 ;ij K.~.. ~ou' Cvouv u tV'r<ma~
_k
Ixouv : ~o~ Ka~ a'CU~U.

", c~~ xWc.
"X'ra~
.ta
u Nouv &fouv & ~
'~Ma~ Ko~ ~
&fc . ~ " 81.0 o~
to ct'rP'l'rc ~c . V< \ ,,"6
.ca'r~.6 ,,".
~ 1IaC.
B'qC'rIH
O'W
N4t
'ffi'
'" t.t.c ' " ...
~6 & ~ou' .~ 'r6
T~Ko~o ,," 'AI\lCl' ~ 6 '~o K~~O ou c~ _,
A,,~ 'r6 "'rtp~o a~ , & x~'!x. a <~'rC"'r.~.

Kfv'rO ~ , tJ. ~6 ' ctvcn. xC ~6~
o~ ,," .
~f2I.!!!.!!:i..!!
& " ,,"6 'rU'rL
u & & ~
~K.
_~6.
K~ ~o &~ & t~u~

'U'r ,," ;
o\~o ~, _~
nou
~,
"Exouv
& , ,,"6 ;
K.~..
&o~ a~ ,,~ '"'r; M~~,
fxouv
~o ~ 'U'rV.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
' ;
'
&
& ;
&
.
6 '&;
'
.
, ~x
.

~ .
Grammatical Notes
!~~_!.!!~!. Noun: Tb1rd Declene1on.
F8dn1ne nouna 1n:

1)
(Th1rd Declension ~
2)
~Tj'm
1n katharevusa)
t , - ('lhird Declension - t , -
in ka t.harYU8A)
(Third Decleos1on ~ in katharevwa)
~~!:!_!.!!:.!.:.!. Th1rd Declension Fllin1ne nouns in (unstreSSed)

t
Untortunate1y the doctors in ('of') our city
~~~~~ , .
bospital aren't good.
uYaoEpa ~~~~~~~~.=.
then askB
~ .
He sent me
& -
---------
I;SlW~
U8
quest1ons.
an invitation.
a
nuaber !
sentences
Nightclub.
!~_~!~!e2_~~~~~~~~~~~
reads
U8
the underlined nouns in the above sentences belong to vbat
traditional1y called
'Th1rd Declension'.
This particular group

in an unatressed
third Declension nouns consists
femin1ne nouns vhich end
17)
G REEK BASIC COURSE
these no1.mS have an altermative 'dh:imotiki' fonn 1n
day usage, such as

.
sne
s1ngle fonn in
nouns
every
while the fonn
1& used 1n wr1tten katharevuaa only.
ems
80th
on
for exanple, have
and
have one set
plural endings, but two altemative singular 8ets.
E:ple&:
s~~.
Plur.
~.
-&
~.
G.
-&
-&
-&~
'
~.
should be noted tha10 the katharevusa
*
*
fenin1ne a.rt1cles 1n the
-ors !
and Acc.
plural are and cX respect.1vely. <aee 14 ter un.1. ts ).

The
cplete
11810 ot case emings
tb1s group
th1rd Declension
ll.
:'.
-.
:'/:'
-.
~~_!!!~!.:.!
-.
F81nin Houna 1n
1 t 18
tt
part
o~ 6 &.
In
- C, -& / - , -
61.0
proper
nae
and -&; respect1ve1y
on the ocean liner 'World Hope'.
Two ....eeks
U8
approxiJately.
used 1n its katbarewsa !onn because
IWorld. Hope'.
All ed.Din nouns in -
These
Ne vorks
first sentence the Greek vord for 'hope'

!
18:
Plur.
~~.
OUU
and -& have their katharevusa counterpart8 1n
(e.g. ;, ocX, EcX)
ons, hvever,
have been
caly
replaced by the
miern
Greek
-,
-&00
to... (.. , ocX).

'n -,- nouna are decl1ned like f1rst Declens10n feMinine nouns 1n -
1.8
(su.ch
) ....ith the sing1e exception that the ~!!!~!!!_!~~~ end1ng thS&8 nouns
wsVessed.:
---------
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~fi~
~!~
't"
't"
't"
't"(
G.
.
't" ~ n 't"cx 't" -&
14
'1be tailor "i11 take your IIIeasureents and
.. 't" n.'t".6't"'t" 't"ou
ill 11 his ski11 to make your su1t
. 't" . 't"..
perfect.
Feminine nouns in -'t" are declined like those 1n -(, - (Note 14.1.2), i.9.
!!~~
~~
.
. . 6 't" 't"a
n,'t",6't"'t"
G.
't"
.'t"
't"
n.'t".'t"'t"
't"~
n.'t" .6't"'t"
't"(
n.'t".6't"'t"
1.6 't" 't"a
The katharevusa counterparts ! tbese nouns end :in.t 't" , e.g. n.'t".6't"
(8ee later mits).

!~:!_!.!=! Masculine
-
Nouns in
deri 'id
!rc t-he
Thi.rd Declension katharewsa nouns 1n
-.
and
. 't", ., n,
O!!icer, "here 1s
6 ..
! nasculine
th1rd declens10u asculine nouns in - and -.

declernsion nouns in
vhich 18 never stressed
-.-------------
(e.g. (
(cop&re;
street, please2
It's right beyond tbe barTacks.
't" ~o .
'Jhese examples 111ust.rat.e tbe use
AJerica
nouns in
der1ved
!rc
the katharevusa
'Jhese nouns are dec11ned like the !irst
) except !or the I~:!!!_t:!!~~!_~~~ -
't" 't"cX! the policemen' to
'! the .sergents').
The nouns
and
are 't"
in
kathareVUBa.
'Jhe katharevusa !orms
these
ous
as well as those enumerated in Notes 14.1.1,2 and 3
vi11 be discussed t.ogether vith other Jrd. declension nouns in units dea1ing with katharevusa
gramat:i.cal !orns.
~~-.!.~~~ Nurerals: Declension !
't"
'three' and
I!our'.
175
GREEK BASIC COURSE

' . L , L L aIoIo.
L '~OK~ .
L
TI1e above ex.amples sbow that the numerals
and
agree
1n gender
thy od1f'1'.
and 1n case wi th nOW1S
'1hese n\llllera1s are declined as fo110118:

.
(i.
~Io
G.
Ae
Anotber 'declinable'
, ,
nunera1
'one'
discussed 1n thit 7.1
!xamples:
\ 6 .
he
6 .6.
\ie
6 . . et,.
no
knor
he
vife
L .
1n.
th1rteen good doctors.
houae
'1'be 1uggage
.-
a friend
your tbree brothers.
ot tbose tour
touri8t8 18
here.
't xa&
co&cn..
We h8d t'0U!"teen hour de1a)".
E'toa. ~ a~ U(o cno6
1'teD~
three _a110rs go
the
bsrracla.
a~.
boe examp1es 8ho that no n1y the
'Ihe
8d
E'txoa.
1.1
other
'iour' but also the1r

'tventy' tbree'
nneralB Ercn 1
'Ihe
to
etc.
199
are
dec1ensin nuerals
!~_!.~ Nou;
F1r8t
CCIIIpO\1DCI8
agree 1n
fran
Dec1ension case
200
up
1 a&
1n -
exap1
(such f'or
'Oe-',
1.8. the;y baw
'three '
'orteen' ,
D01WI the odif1.
Uy 08 .
be discussed 1n 18ter un1 ts.
end1ngs in katharewsa.
In the footnote to Hote 5.7
nouns
8uch
gem.. and 1n case vitb
1necl1nab1e;
. \ \.
IBascul1ne
n. .ral.s
II1
the Abassacior's chau1'feur.
&tated that a small number
aa
.,
a&
tbe f'1rst dec1ension
etc.) are
UNIT 14
GREEK BASIC COURSE
o!ten used 1n the:lr katharevusa
'1he
oonplete
.et
!on.
case endings
such nouns is as
!ollrs:
---
~~.
Plur.
-&
E:ample:
11.
J}.
.
Gr'llll8tlcal Dr1l1a
------------------
A~ vL & 6L.
A~ 6L vL o~ .
A~ ~L fv vL &.
CL
YL& .
'& L L.
A~ &faL L o~ ~~.
LfL
~ !
~~ &.
vL o~ ~o.
A~ 6L vL
fvL .
vL L'~6 o~ ~XOvV
~&.
A~6 ~
vL Ko~ ~6
&6.
A~ L L&vvC .
.
& nC~La ~ ~ 6 vL L.
6 &~L ~
f ~ ~ ~~
tVL ~& vL
&L.
6 t ~
vL 6.
&~L ~o ~o ~ vL
~v~~L &f vL
&.
~.
& L
'&
EtVaL KO~&.
LL v
vL
6.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
x~ ~
&
~ .
' ~.
x~ ~.
x~o x~
3 -
3~.
6~.
~& .
.
6~ ~ .
o~ 3"C'o
~ ~ .
~ .
~ .
- t~.
3~ ~
"C' . x~~
' .
~x6~ v~ 1 .
~
'
lfanp.
6 ~
o~
~ .
~
.-
~
av"C'IIV
'
ux ~ . .
~ ~x&.
. . ..
~3 ~
\l1.a
cn\l\l
~ lX
~xo.
6"C'cS
'twv
. crra..
fx~ 6
"C'6
~x. 3..
6 6 ~ ~x~ o~.
n6c..
A~ xo~ ~x~ "C'~.
6 3 .
6 .
0 ~ "C'o "C'-
xf~.
~v&~ .
3 3 ~
.
"C'x ~ "C' 6.
6 ~ ~ ~
"C' 6 ~x.
~ 3.
6 ~x.
~ ~ ~x
178
GREEK BAS1C COURSE
L .
~L LV.
L ~L .
14
L L L
L lL ~.
6 LL.
L L ~o.
tL ~
L .
L L
a L
L ' 6.
L Lwv
L .
L ~L L
~L LL.
Ma !L L 6.
SubslluUCIIl
Subst1lute
plural foras
the
h_
ords
in
parctheses
Drill
for t.he \81derl1ned vord
each sentence us1ng
necessary.
~~ef~ L .
(6L)
~a !!e~!Z~~!~s; L L.
( L)
~2~~~!!.
{L)
'6 6 L6 ~~ef~~.
(6L)
6 !x~ Iyyg!~~
(~L)
!~~!e~~j
( LL)
t~ ~~!e~~ .
(4 )
!~~!e~~ L .
(L)
()
~6 !L ~~~~~2~.
6 '!!~~ L 6.
( ')
~ 3 t ' ~~~!.
(L~L)
Subsllu
the nmerals 1n parentheses for tbe underl1ned anes using the1r
aropr1a
179
G REEK BASIC COURSE
tcm8 to agree vith the no1Wl t.bey 1IOd1f'y.

~~Y!~ YLa~pOt L ~6 .
(2),)
6 nt~L ~ ~ ~Q2 L L 6 L6.
( 4)
~6 LL L !e!~ .
( 1)
!~! L 6 .
( 4)
~OK~ ~ ~ ~ L~~ f
EIvaL .
(33)
~~! LL.
( 4)
A~~ 6L ~XEL ~.
( 3)
6 ~ ~ !YY~ YLa~Wv EIvaL Ko~.
( 3)
~!Y!~ ~L ~ ~ Et~L 6 .
(.)
~Q2 ~~oC ~
( 3)
EtvaL o~ ~6 .
~XEL ~!Y!~ .
( ,)
EtvaL 6aK ~ L~;
ocj~,~ ci~ <r ,

NoC~
crr6 - ~ ~~ ;
LMa~6 fj
'A~~
tXEt.
uL
YLa~C;
NoC~ ~po x~
LL
tci
ciplaEL
~L
L ~u ;
txE~E;
~ dpXO~EK~OVLK~ ~ Cx YQ; ~~" 'EC YLCI~t;
-Ex~ , 6 . L~Lt o~ L6 L;
dptaL ~6 Cl~ ~ ;
Y~ crr~v o~ ~'~OK~6 ~ C~ ~6 ;
JIo~ v ou ~ ~;
84
.c~ v Etxa~E ocp;
dpfaEL o&~ ~o6 ~o;
~ C~~ ' ~~ C~;

8~ ~6 ~~ ;
,80
GREEK BASIC COURSE
L (L)
to
dadd;y, paPA
(ox~)
to obl1ge
ton1ght
L, : ,
"OxL,
XL "6
6 .
belie'V,
don't bel1eve,father, you're going to make

us stay
aga1n tonlgbU
hne
1n accordance
t (~)
to go
outa1de

EIvaL L6
'S
th1nk
-& /
-& &.
, DOt
to ."".
&11, far
ce
f'rn 1
out
'l'he 1 ('accorcUng
all.
plaM ) 1 t s
t1Je
for us to go out.
~.
'" ~
'" lt/lt
(t..'1e) newspaper
LtC
to advert.1S8
(the) c01mn (nerspePer)
(Lt)
6 -&
~ ~ lt,
LtC
L -&.
(the) spectacle
Look up 1n the
amusenent co1wn !
the
DeWBpaper (I1ook tbe 00118\ !

nvspaper
1n
h1ch
the;y advert1se nr10us

spectac1es ' ) .
"E&VLJW
tC (: )
National [theatre]
plq,
perfon
GREEK BASIC COURSE
l., -, -
stingy, niser
, &.6
(the) actor
( )
to take, get, recei e
f!:
(the) place; toi1et
to take part, participate
, -, -
excellent
6 '&.6 6 .
Tbey're P\1tting on 'The M1ser' tbe Natial,
&. '
.. the actor (bo part1c1pate :1n 1t.)
6 . ..
are excellent..
TIItEI.
0.1.
(~){a)
to telephone
~6 -&fo
(the) theatre
(/)
1" '(IItE .
(,)
keep, reserV8
yocx. {"}
to
~y."
vhat
6 "
(the) telephme
8&
,,~O'
0"(6 -&fa'(O
.. 'U
can
bece
bappleci
the tbeatre to
l'88eMe 8
..
" i K'(~o" -&'..
'(6
bo,
"
'(;
t" (tEXdO')
(1)
to forp\
'f.x/.v (ep'f.at/.t)
to 8po1l., breaJt cIown, d88tr07

to f'u
&6/
yet,at.1ll
() (1)
B~ ~~
U' ca "
'(6 ~.t"
Oh,
6.
It's out
d6., -11, -
'(".6, -,
frgot
to
order and they haven't t1xed

on
-6
1Ou
in charge
telephre
)'8t.
(adj.)
'( .
(the) copany, a88oc1ation
l.
(the) pennission, leave, l1sence,

vacation
(the) vacation
(the) interrupticn
.
.
182
G REEK BASIC COURSE
d6~ ~ T~
ne nan
vho does th18 ldnd
eplyee
a~ ~x~ &~.
18
vhere e]se
'Jh81
her
elae can
go1
~cy
(the) t.ragedy
~o~/~~
(tbe) tourist
Not to preek] tragedy because 1t v111 be
l~ y~ ~~.
h11
! tor1sta.
~o, -, -
certa1n,
~~o~o;, -, -
8ucb, this k1nd
,.,
'cn
(tbe) beat
,.,
(the) 80ul
a~ ,~, ~~o~ '
(Itte
vacatin.
,.,
-Ox~ ~y, y~~ &
job
1n chargel) for ('of') the
Telephne Copan;y
T6~
'5
Yu '1'
f ' x~ .
ur
ot
be 8Ure tbat 1n such hot veather
(theat t ) there be JJoul there.
'~~!E!
Nwbers
----,00,
X,c
x'~;
aooo
~; ,,;
~aa,; ,,6;
~ ,,;
5000
,,;
,0000
,,; ,6, ~ ~
", ~ ,
lx~6
20000
,,
,00000
l~(i,
1000000
,a~(i,
Mll10
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~I!~~~-~!!
J.
L ;
Tt
UO TL
LL
L' tL.
L ;
Tt
'' L, -&
li .
EIvaL L
[.
Tt
YL
L
o~ Lt ~ L
-&.
na'- C1'f
'E&VLc6 -&bo;
n'o &oOLOt;
.VO.
Na,
~07tOLOt :
' L
npfnEL
~ ;
;
UnfPOXOL.
a -&fx
llpfnEL
.& & o~ 1j -&fL.
''OXL,
YLxTt
8&
no~ '"1L6 La 6 .&
".,
L~.
&c6:.
6~o
T6o-c lo ;
'ETxLptxc;
JInopouv
lYLvE
L6L
~XEL L.
lb -&L :
,
liv
x:t 6
& ,
YLX
LvL -& ElVXL

.
--
L'u;
OTL
L & L
UNI'L 1S
G REEK BASlC COURSE
Narrat1ve
M'f~X~e!Q!QQ~~ v~.
1t pleased.
('useci to o . )
v ~~~~!Y!I ~v
lI~o
v, -, -
last, past
K~K6, -,
cla.81cal
-6
~6 &~~O atCouv ~va o~ 6 ~eYQo

~6
play, i1, rork
A~6 ~6 ~6 ~v x~
o~ M~50
~6 &&
depth
uOAo~ o&oo~o ~v ~6v e~~Q ~oo
role
To~ v '~ !~~Q o~ ~~Q ~6 ~6 ~oo
as
00.
as
~~~!~~~ ~ &v x~
o~ o~ o&y~
~~6, -,
-6
draatlc
A~ ~ a~~ Etva~ o~ !!~x~o

~x6, -,
&
-6
poar
r~ ~~~~ ~6 ~~ ~o !
~o~ ~oo
;~ (;)
to gether, cOllect, take 10
6 ~!2e!~H v~ ~6 o~
o&~o
~&v (~op&~)
A~6
to acldew, 8Ucceed
~~v v~ YY~~5 '~
~v ', ~~H~ v ~ v o&~o o&oo~6.

v~6, -,
knon
-6
d VWC1'f6
acqualotance
although, Vl1 thougb
lfv t
o&oo~o ~o 'E&V~KOU 8~o
V~~6v.
because
natcouv
6 ~v v
V~~6v v~, ~, 6 ~ ~y ~o .
Etva~ ~va ~6 o~ &.
o&oo~6 a;~ ~6v 6
185
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ 6 ' .
T'So ~ ' Ma' p~.
~~ o~ ~~ a' ~6 ~~o.
'~ Ma'
a~ ~o~ ~
~ ~ ~6o . ~ . ~6o ~6
~~o.
.. '. ~ ~o.o' ~
~ ~.K - ~~ . ~x.
~~
~ ~~ . , Ma' x~, ~~ ~x.
"E~aL ~x.
~ ~ ~~ ~ 6.
~ a~. , ' ' ~o.6 ~ ~6

.
~!!~!_!?!!!!
.,
~oo.o . 6~o
~.6;
, ' ~.6;
' 6 ~( .
~o . ;
. ~.
. ~o.6 '. ~6
., ' 6
~L6;
6.
Ma c
~ ;
' ~ f).& vc a
P~.
' ~6~ ~ .
~6
3~o;
L6 l .
r.c~;
~'o~ ~ x.~o 6
~, 6 ~~o.
~CI .. . ~
~ ~ ~.
. ~a a~.K ~x.
-l30o.o;
. ~~ ~x &.
~M ~6~ v~;
~, .
.
. ~ a~.K
6 ..
, .6~. '
". . ~ . ;
166
G REEK BASIC COURSE
,S
&oo~6, ~~ ' ~6 .
Granatical
Note ,5., Cla88 11 Verbs:
------- Mt
Notes
Per,fectie Be ,fon.
~ ~ &
and W1th tb ma1y tbat he saves ('"iU
&'& 4:.
save') be'll buy a 81118.U store'.
~ ~ .
Perfective 8te1n
--,
--,
1'11 phone [and ask
Cla88 11 verbs 18
--
or
--to
,foned
the Present
Verb
by add1ng
ste !
Present
~-
'1:.0 speak'
lto be able'
11:.0 laugh'
'to consider "orthy' ~-
'1be grea1:. major11:.y
the
on
to me.
e.g.
~-
~Ste
--
fonns W1 th the sutfix
Clas8 11 verbs vtu.ch have already occurred in th15
t.he
Per,fecti e St8n
the1r Perfective
--; only a ery .1Jited n_ber f verbs have the sutfix
F'oUOIfing 15 the Us1:.
erb,
~-
Class 11 verbs
to seDd
o,f the ,formative su.r,f:1xes
Steb
~-
the]
O\.l
(O\.l)
(3)
1:.0 "orry
&
(&)
(2)
to help
(~/~) (3)
1:.0 last
()
(3)
to
()
(3)
toexplain
l\J~
(l\J~)
(2)
to
\x~~
( \x~)
(2 )
1:.0 please
:~
(:~)
(, )
to ask for
(:~)
(3)
to
&
(&)
(3)
to oonaider
Kp~
( ~)
( 2)
1:.0 hold
(~)
(2)
to speak
( )
(3)
to be able
( )
( )
to ,forget
t\Jnvw
()
(, )
()
(2)
to save
Coures
lDeaD
Br
l1e
"ake up
(oney)
187
GREEK BASIC COURSE
f'1nal
/a/
(,)
to beg
()
(, )
pa88
(.)
(, )
be hUDgry
(f)
(, )
hurt
o~.
( o~.)
(, )
to preter
()
(, )
to
(~)
(, )
to 8ak
~~
(~cx~)
(, )
to stop
(v)
(a)
to excuse
(V)
(.)
to agree
~o
(~o)
(2)
to mall
(~)
(2)
to telephone
( )
(1 )
to deatroy
tOJ'118
! tbe
!~-!~!.1=.!..
( )
trn
Aa can be
prtective 8t8
and
have tbe
respect1\'8ly; 1.e. both verbe loae their
Clua Verbs: S1ple Fut1d'8 and SUbjunct1e.
rupect1ve17 vith the pertect1ve
\888
and
pre8ent a't8B.
'e SDple hture and tbe SUbjunct1w a
The
above 11at the verb8
peracal
Cl8
end1Ags
te OII
S1Jple
-.
orthograpb;
the
.ea
and
the verb.
l"uture and. Subjunct1\'8 are the
verb8 except; tor the
1Ibre intead -.
tormed by' ccmb1n1ng the vord8
erd1n.
are
the
-
Bocnd
and
Ba &8
and
tb1'd
those
the Pre8ent
per80D S1ngular.
Nspect.1e17.
Eple8:
.ea
.ea
!..o:!-l~!
'
.ea
ask
~ ~~
etc.
-& ~o()
Claaa Verbs: S1Jrrple Past.
6 !~~!~~~ ~
We tound a guide
.~K~o.K ~ .
arch1tecture
The underlineci verb 1n the above aentence 1llustrates the use
--------------------------------------------------* '1he
1 at pers.pl. end1ng - 1a somet:1JDes used 1n
lrathn11\Den1 1nBtead
ho
expla1ned to us the
temples.
the S1Jnple Past
-.
,88
SC
GREEK
Glass verb
The S1mple Past
()
!
the Class
endings to the perfective
ste
COURSE
15
'to explain'.
verbs 15 fomed by aff1x1ng past
tense personal
and shifting the stress to the third syllable fran the end.
I f the nurJer ! syllables 15 less thall three a stressed au~ent ~-is pref1xed to t.he verb.
~plB:
Class
Verb:
Perf.stes:
,-
(2),
(3)
(1)
(3)
~!J!!~_~~
~~:
1.
()(
()6
()
1>.
()
()6
( )
3.
()
()6
( )
( ),
( )
( )
( )
( ) ,
()
( )
()
( )
()6
()
.
!2!:!-!.~:~
Claas 11 Verbs: Cont1nuous Past.
, 6 V.
1 t didn 't please (I1t 1fasn' t pleasing')
her
shws
'l'he above example
the use
uch.
the Cont1nuous Past
Class
verbs.
'1he Cont1Duous Past ! this Class ~ ~bs 15 t01!IIed by add1ng the sutf1x -{)-
tbe stem
tense.
the verb.
'lbe sutr1x
'l'he personal end1ngs are those whicb
-- 15
~~~~_~~~~~~
used tor the Past
al.,ays stressed.
Plur.
~~!.
2.
general~
to
() ,
() ,v
(),
(),v
(),
(),()
Continuous Past in
nov o~o6a
with the money
sav1ng
,89
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'n1
by
example 111UBtrstes the UBe
neans !
--
the unstressed surr1x
another !onn
Cont1nuous Past vh1ch 1s constructed
and the Past tense personal endings. e.g.
S~.
Plur.
1.
()
() .
2.
()
().
).
( )
()()
'lhis !om of C<:.t1nuous Past 1.8 8OIII1n8 uaed 1n 11eu ! t.he !or 1n --
'Ibe wrb ( )
!onns its S1Jrle Past l1ke the verb tcnc. ()
~!J1I
Plur.
1.
())(L't:
() )(L't:
2.
()-yii
())(L't:
3.
()
( ) fj)(L't: ( )
Hote 15.5
---------
h1.rd
nons
Declens10n Neuter
-.
1n
& . .
~o
'Ibe tail.or pays spec1al attent10n ('8hows
grea t 1ntere8t. 1 ) to h18
'tou.
Neut.er 110uns m:11n 1D -
Plur.
6.
Ad.ject1'Ve8: SbU't
. t8a end1ng in a
custers.
(in kat.hnill8en1) are decUned as !oUows:
~I
~-!.~!!
-(see
st.ress on
.'t'CX
.6
.:
prparoxytone te1nj.ne
adject1ves v1th
vel.
Nd . lS. . ;
You
6 ~. u ~.
nay te
8ure that 1n 8uch hot veather
there vm' t
In the sentence above the feninine adjective

8711ab18 fraa t.he end. vhlle 1n the
ascul1ne on !
te
a soul there.
is stressed
on the second
the SBDle adject1ve the stress 18 on
the third 8711able !r t.he end: ..

The sh1.tt
prop&l'/CYtne
stress to t.he
adject.1ves vit.h
seccnd
syllable
~l Bens
frn
the end 1n
fen1nine
18 regular 1n katbarevusa.
fOl'llls
'n tE nay
t.he
or
nay
not
190
GREEK BASIC COURSE
be shi.fted in kathonilueni~ e.g.

!!~~_!~~!
or
.;
or
..
Noun: 'Indec1inable' novns.
n1lllber ! nouns
1.e.
15
borroved rm foreign languages <most3.y fran French) are '1Jdecl1nable',
varied by inflectional
tendnations, thu::
~.
~o
~6()
~o
G.
Other :1ndecUnable
nouns
are:
~6 a
elevator
~6 ).,.
rad1atcr
~6 6
sport
etc.
Ga8at1cal Dril1s
------------------
{.
OL
).,).,).,. -& ~o
)., .
. ~t ..
-&
)., ~ 'a~ ~ ).,..
A~ -& .).,
t.&.
. &~ ~ ...
M)~6 -& ' ~6 &~o ~6 .
. H&TI~
~6 ~6 &.
~ -& ~;

.
vd
~ ~o~
~6 .
o~ .
~ -& o~.o
~6 &..
. '~6.
~~ ~ ~
. -& u~
.
~ .
-& ~ . ~
191
G REEK BASIC COURSE
,,"
L
,,"C ~
,,"~~,,"
,,"
,," x~a,,".
~ ,," ~,,"~ ~.
au~ yuvaCM YL ',,"6 ,,"6 ,,"CL .
-& ,,"~ ~,,"~ ',,"6 XfPL, ""~ .

,,"6
!& &L L ,," .
-& ,,"~ ~6 ,,", ~,," ~
,," -.
~&a ,," o&~~ lUOL.
L ,,"c; ,,"
,," LC ,,"u ,,"6 <1..
nfPUCH tunvouo: ,," ~ 6~,,".

,,"6 ~u~ ,," ,," ~ ,,".
c.U~t 't' a L .
&
,,"6
u~
nO,,"LoUoav
,,"6
Wa .
ao ~L ,,".
i p~ouaav ,," ,," tL ~~~L.

c. ",,"6 Cu~ ~~ &
,,",," .. ',,"6.
ou ~o\IC l:: tou ,,"cua 't' &.

L6 .. "" lvoou~E ,,"6~ ',," no fc.
ou ~o\IC LC "':
au&.vo
~o
'auu L ~".
&6", ',,"6.
66 lu~ ,," &aU~~La ,,"~ L,,"~,,"L~~ au,,"ou ,,"ou ao.
6 au ~ ,,"~ ~6 &la,,"o,
,,"6 ,,"~ ~a L.
IJiv,,"a La L , ,,"~ U .
T~ Ka,,"O~ ,," ',,"6 xfpc.~
cf& ,," LL u ,,"6 .
" ,,"~ ,," ,," LC .

- , ,," &U.
192
G REEK BASIC COURSE
'S
Transformat1on-8ubst1tution Drills
Change t.he verb fonns

or
subtitut1ng
them for the
frn
Cont. Past to S1mple Fut. using the words 1n parentheses
1Jderlined
words where necessary.
, ~e!~_~~!_~~~~~.
6 ~~~_~e~! .
(aUPLO)
6 6 6.
(aUPLO)
L Q~_!~~_~e L .
(6 )
'6
anCTL
(' )
vQ~~_!fi~_~~~~t~~
6 L tL L.
~~~_~~e!.
(aUPLO)
!t~~ 6 .
( 6 )
6 ~6o ' .
(aiJPLO)
I.!~e~qk ' 6 L&6 .
( )
UgL~
&
Subst1 \
~~E!~
change the verb
.
.
vorda 1n parentheses for the

o.ns
1nto
Contb1uus
6 )
(6 6 )
mderl1ned
wordB 1n the follov1ng sentenc88
past.
( )
~ 6 .
8 ~~!~~_!~~_XE~~~.
6 ~ Q]~~e! 6.
()
8 L ' ~E!~.
8 '6 n Q!!~_~Q2.
(,
~ !~_~~~~
()
Xp6VLa)
LK&)
K~ )
~ .
!~_~~~~
~&
()
~~e~~ 6 6 ;
()
~ !~_~~~~ .
( )
8 ~!~_~E .
& ~ L ~~_~B~:~.:.
()
EtL
193
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Transforation
C1unP.
t.he underli!'led verbs into
Siple
Drill
Past:
~~~~2Q~~ .
!!!~Q'2~!~ ' n .
'~~X~E!~!~1 ~faTPo.
~!!~~!~ .
Mf ~~YX~E~1 ~ o~ ~.
!!2~~.!: M.~ .
!!2~~ ~Q'2~!~ C L
2!~Y2~!~ a:.
!YY2f~!~ ';
3 ~!~~!~~ o~ .
~E2!!~!~ !~~!2~Qf!f
(~ ~ ~~E~~~ .
Tpfvo.
~!!Y~!f o~ ;
~Y!l~Xf!!~ M.a:~u.
~2Ef1!~ v ~~;
~f~Ef1 .
~~!~YQ~~~ ~o ( .
M!~~!~ ~!4;
ov
~~!~Q'2~Y
E~~!~ f ~;
ii
X~M~!} .
ii ~~!! ~o.
!!J~!:f~~~Q'~
3 ~~~ x~.
Tov !~y~ ~!~f!.
ii !~~!Je~!~Q'!l .
~~XS~f!f .
~!~Y~ f.
~3
.
.
8 !~~~~!~Q'!l .
IIoa
"
cnIjv
rouaLYKTOV;
rt;
~ cn ~faTPo;
C ii i \ ;
6 o~ ~~o 3;

6 K~6o;
llOLO(
30o~o
ECZ
Tov
EVpwna~M.OV
M.~Oo
ii ;
~M. ;
~M.6 ii ~ ~ ;
~K ;
ii ~;
194
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Fill
each blank vit-h the proper
noun, use the appropriate
fon !
or
t-he vord given
Rev1ev " - '5
t-he r1gbt.
11' 11'. 18 a
the article.
tJouns
6

'&
-.
6 3 ~ 6
6
' ~xo
8
'

. . L .
_________
X~
-.
'6
"
~ ~o .
195
GREEK BASIC COURSE
A~
&
0'
~o L
ElVL
A~ L
~~6
~o
lxEL
npfnEL
~t
L6
o~o
~ pfEL
~.~o
.&L6
~ 'I~o
L6~L
! ~ x~~ ~o L
dL
tLf
&~ ntv ~ _~
EtVL
~o
<-
ant~L ElvcL o~
tL
'!t & L
16
~ ~ LL
dpfou
K~tPLO
a6 6
& ~ ~
Tou
~6o
aLvoUPYLo
EtL
~ ~ yao
ElVL
~XEL
~~o
6L
6L
~XEL
~XEL
~L
ao
V ~
~~
DL
&
~~yo
~L~
~x
~~
'~
y~
~L
~xo &
'lKELV
'
ya ~XEL L
~xoo
tnL~y~
~oo
L~L
~ tvL ~6 L 6 ~xoO,
~L
~yo
IX
lKEL
6 ~~o
uAv
XLp6
~Lf~
L6~~
L-&6
fv ~~
~o~
<1
'~6 ~y ~ L ~oo
196
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'-& ~xo
Reviev
'tv L't 't 't
-& ~'t 'tv 'tv "
6 L ~'taV 't

't
LL
't6 , &
av't6v
'tLv
__________
'tpCa Xp6VLa
Mv'ta
'
V't 't .
EtVaL
~o.
~-&o
.__
liL
'tCnO'ta.
'V't
t'taLpCa
't6v
6.
V't 't ! LC'v

~a
L .
'
't
-&a
._
C't f a
't6
~vL
!'tL
!'tL
tL.
CL
V't6 -&fL
TH'tav
La
La'tL
EtVaL
V't
'tCL
v't 't -&a
uO o v't
tfPE'tE
't L n6L _
-&
't.
-&
'tL
v6'tLv Lv
't6v
1$
't
MnOLa
11 -
'tov, YL'av't6 't6
''t
!V'tL
Adje<:ties
------&
'tpCa
fa'tELo
__________
Av'toC EIvaL
't.
't
EIvaL
6 L
't.
AV't6 't6 Epyb EIvaL
vL .
&v-&pnoLo
'tL v't
v't
't
.
~XEL
~'tav ~ ~o
't
6.
't.
'tVL'tL6
x~o
't6
L6
197
GREEK BASIC COURSE
_________ HaLp6
~6o.
LL
l.
tCL
'.
'~ ofO
txovv
Hat
LC.
EIvaL
L ~ & ~
~A
~ l v
~A HC
LK
~o
_________
naCtEL
v
v &
--------- ,
L.
EIvaL
LC
EIvaL
A~
, ~ 'L.
LL
/L
&~L.
LV
~~ 6 .
Verbs
'
x~ V.
'
v 6 .
3 'L.
L lt~
~
~ ~
6 6 CL
X~
'
'6
6 VL
v ~.
'
- -------- '~.
__-----__
L 3
nplnEL
'E~ 3
nplnEL
(PXOxL
v v ~o .
~o
x~
VL L
tL .
' .
'
6 CL.
~
v
50
L.
Review 11 - 15
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~(
Ha
~6 ,
Ha-
6 (~ .
o~ ~
~ o~ ,
K~
x~
X~
Ko~
()
'
~K.
K~
~6
6 .
o~
-m
uOT~ ~

&
~.
()
CS .
HH~:
'6
()
HH~:
~o .
Jt

f~
~K
~c
HH~
~oo
~o~o
~.
Ha
!~o
X~
~K.
~.
' ,
o~
199
GREEK BASIC COURSE
8fovv
&
a~&
!.
~a'
~o ~.
~~a 4 ~o~
To~
~&
Xaoa
~ ~
&~a
&~~
~o,
~ ~6 K~tPLO
'& 4
K~
xaC
a ~o~a.
a~o
M~6 4 ~
n&
.
~6 K~o ~ 6.
---------
o~ 6 "
cno~
, ~ H~&.
--------
Narrat1ve
Mat o~ ~
'E&~K &'a x6~a.
uj ~ o~ ~~
v '
o~ ~ ~
~& ~& ~o.
xai:p~ ~x '&e ~~x ~ 6 ~o~, j Maa

( vL4.
! & (
xat ~& &.
~~o~
~o~, ~, ~& x~~& ~o o&~x , ~, ~

'4 4v&pno~ xoo~o ax.
W . 1lo ~
fYLvE.
O~~ ~ 4L& 6 "" &.
~'M" ! uc".
a~-e.
~ov.
xat Jbx ~~
~ &, ~o~x
r~'u~ ~ ~v~i: H~
'Ai c, ou , 4i j Maa 4
~\CX ..xc; noxxo ~ 4 .&
v '
~ xa~
; ~o & v~(m., .x~ ~ : 4 &
\)nqx '~ ." ~
'
'
vcf
~o ~6 o&t~o.
lb, (, ~ 4:
'.w.c6 , : vxC xat ~6 4 ~6 ~x~o .
6c" ~6 .4.
x~6 4: MC ~o & (.
r6 &te~o 'c at ~c\C.

c a -8c.c.
vYa~Ex
; xyc:- odK.a, ~nLav rvc
fYLvE r ~ 4.
i& 4
~~C 6 / ." ~ ~a ~6 . a.
x.vc" a~.
MaCC
:~" dpxai:a .!.a, ~" ~a~, ~o( K.~o4o xat
a& K~ .a.
.a , .~a, ~ .. ~o .
. ~6 i: xaC ~. ~" .&.
a4 ~ Maa~~y ( .
4 ( vcf a. KO~& ~ a ( ~x a !&no

( &
xaC
" ,
~ M~.
V~ a
d . a ,~ ~ Maa & a ~o xaC vcf '

200
Reiev 11 -
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~K. Ma ~
15
~ ~~fv.
~6 , H~ ~o o~xo 6~ ~~
ln~a~pfouv ~ ~K, ~6~~ f ~ ~6

~ t ~ ~~ ~o ~
Nfa
6.
~ ~
Ma ~ ~6 ~~~6 ~ ~6
~.
~~6 notEvEto ~
"E~~ 6 notEvEto i!a~Ep 6 ~f
~o
~o
~o ~ .
'6~o '
~ ~o ~y ~6.
3~o ~~.
~ ~
~K
E~x
f~ d6~
tv ~ f ~6
~K
'r ~f V
~~t,
~~,
~ Ma ~~~ '~6 ~t
f ~o ~~~o ~o ~
~o
~6
6 ~o ~o ~ ! ~t f ~6 v ~o ~ ~o
"/
~K .cf nf ~6 df.
201
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~!_!.!
~~~_~e
~ox~o, -, -
ro1Ung
~ x~/x
( tb8) aot.1on, C10n,owenI;
~ ~ox
(tbe) tratt1c
~c
ow
1v ~ ,
Alexnder, bo s
, Tc ~6 ;
(n.r)
tbe tratt1c
this
.om1ng.
~6 6
( the) presmt
6 6 6
at present, r1ght
prett718D!N1b ,qu1te,ta:1rr
*ci
toarda,
about, aga1Jlat,
accorc11ng
'f6
DOCI
auv~~
ci,
ow
to, dur1ng,
-u.
terr1.bl., a1aerable,
II6c; 6 ncx6 v: ~ - _1,
8 pret'ty god r1ght nw,
c1Ai *- ~6 <:n)t~ v~ v: ~
1 \181.1&111'
atul
bIlt t.ovarda
get8 atul.
Xcio~.
~x
~6, -,
(the) m18tortune. b8d 1uck
-6
halt (adj.)
M'~v
balt past e1s'V8D
-r
1'1rst, 1'1rst 01' a11,
prev1ous~
to begin 111 th
(the )un1vers1 ty
202'
,6
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~6 o~)(:o
~)(,
6~
npfnEL
~ ~
(the) Scoo1 Techn010g,y

Wbat a
hae,
x'~ ~ ~~6 ~~o
the
~ ~6 f ~6 O~)(o.
HAv
fo
have to go to
s1nce (first)
Universityaromd 11:30,
Technolog,y
1f
&
~ &f~I. & -
f~ 6..
500001
noon.
vere
vould go
vere you ('1n your place 1 ) r'd va1k
('go by ') [tbere].
& &
I'd like to
~ (~) (a)
a1k,
to stroll,
to take a

~6, -,
and tben be
alk
(tbe) ra1n
-6
po8sib1e, straDa
M~o
8 '& ~, '
~ ~ vL v~o.
1mpossible(edv.)
'd l1ka wry
uch
to take a valk, bat.
this ra1n it 's Dp08sible.
besides,
(6)Cyo
a l1ttle
(6) Lb
at least
'f6 ~t'{ap'fO
( the) qurter
& '{6L~ ~
~f'fp~a !.
x~6 (6)
i tb
Be81de8 it
il1
t.ake _e
-n.v87
leut 4S
ainute8
to get there.
besides, 1n
Xcept,
additia
apart
tio,
rra
~6o, -, -
uoo, 80 an,y (8dj.)
(tbe) pedestrian
~6 6.
(tbe) sidevalk
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~:\)6
(the) crosa
.:~:.
K~.6, -~,
(the) :intersection, cros_road
-6
central
(the) road., st.reet
.6~. l~6 6 ~~ :~OK~
. ~6o. nECot ~ C6.:

xat
~ .:~:\). ~ K~.
6.
Because :in addition to tb8 heav tratlic

(tlII8JV' caars ) there are too un, pedestrian.s
on
sidevalks and
tbe
dntm
inter8ections.
you (... ) have 1D JI1Dd,
70U p1aan1ag
T6~ .6 ~ ~a. ~;
Then \lbat are you. go1n ('p1anning') to do7
C.
8iP17
C!.
(Cv:!)
to poatpcne
clv~cM
,,6
poatpned
(the) _ppoint8
cz"o;:;
-AnW; C /~ v'C!
'U 81117
call and po8tpane rq appo1ntMnt8
c"o;:; .' ,,6 clncSoyeux.
&
(the) 1d8a
UlJllhere,
.4
(\be )coolne8
~.o
(the)
ra~ m, .6~. xat ~
it's
.A.~
and besides that
xa t l~6 a~o ."(

&&
..
al
81
Bcawe lerewI" you.
'1bat's a good ideal
,,6 clMYEux . 4~: o.~ ~~
1der....
0001 :In Athens :in the attem.oon
('will cae
bel1eve
out)
e '11
ha..., S<81
1n a hil.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
,6
Usetul words
1nteJIt.1a
()
(1)
to ansver
oa (oa)
todec1de
oTf
Deer, eBr
~J.>!!.~_
c~ 6 t U~ ~ TOXCC vL 'A~~;
ElaL 6 fL;
tf
L txE~ on v
6Lv
cT6;
6 XVEL u~ 'cT6 6 f 6 :vLcn~;
~T x~ 6 6;
'" _ 6 ;
T HTV cT6 c _~ f;
~!)1!!!! .f6 ..i.

6 (6~) (2)
Hu Mfwo~o Q!!..t'l!!!!2~_~i!!!2~.
6 ~n6 Ei
Ycnep ~V!!e2!2~.
~ c
-6 " ~~:n~~.
VC~6
a,'
W~ V ~ 6 2!e!!~.
llpfnEL
cnc6
v 6 ~E2~~~
'tl_~~e!~~!~ ElVCL .
expens1veness, accuracy
~ f L ~~~f~!).
205
G REEK BASIC COURSE
gasoline
'~ "," ?:r~~'!J_8 ~.

()
to take out
"," "," ~~eg "," .
beyond, over,
the
other side
~_!~_~~~~_~~~.
to
''"," :~<!~..!:~ .
rich
''
ake
ends meet,manage
. '...
!1:!!!2e2.!:
~oo
IIIrchant,
x~ ","6 ","6 ~~2~.!:~!fi.

.'","
~!!~ . ","6,
ship
~!!~ ..
ner
either or
!e!x~!~ "," .
","
(",")
to run
''"," .f"," :;~u:;~:;~.

","","","/","","
speed
","6 2]~!~~'!: ","",".

.
()
to mean
8& "," "," ~2!~~~~~~~~_!~~_!e2X~!~~.
t.rtic
~e~~!2Q~' ~ . ","
onao&
~~! !
","6
..
(o~)
.,
pol1ce
(3)
to
tr
()
to put, place, lay',
:!~~~ ~6 v","u .
perhaps,
rq
_pp~
be
l; ","6 !. !~_I:!!~.
Tt_2]~gl~
. "," ~ ",".

meaning,sinificance,
:iJportance
6 "," "," I:!~~~ ",".

6,
-,
self, alone, single,

the nly one
'"," "," ~~~I:!.

.
strength, power
W~ "," ~~!!e!2] .
206
G REEK BASIC COURSE
()
to
(1)
16
exceed,
8urp&SS,
". ,," ,,"6 !!e22f:H:!!~ .

.6
destinat1n,predutinat1on
. ,," ~~!2~!~!!!!!~_~~!!!~x~!~',," ,,"

6 . ~,,"
,,",,".
,," ,,".,,".,,".6 ,,"
autcoblle
& ,," !~~_e!2~ ,," ,," .
1D'1tll
~,," ~~~f~ K~.
ome
, ,
one,
&ccident
.oe~,
any CIOe,
one, nobod;y
'Ihoever,
,," ~o ,," ~V!i1.v~li.'

v.&
~,
vh1chever
respns1b1l1ty
"H~ d a ,," !!!1~.
slOW'1y
vatL
va. (v)
1 bapp
bapp8Ded
6 ,,",,"~o MLp6 o~,," ,," ,," ~,,".o 6 ,,"
. ,,",,".
L
~ ,,"
nEPLaa6,,"Epa
LL& ,,"
d EtjoC
,,"
lva
NaV,,"LKOV
&.
aL
Lt ,," L,,"LV ~~~o,
,," ,,",,".
&LL6 ,,",,".
" "
o~ '
,," )(Xt ,,"~ ,,"6 iK-
L ,," , . ,," d , ,," & . L

~oo ~ L~~.
~ & ,,"V. . ,,"' C
,,"',,",,", ,," " ,," ,,"

x~,,",,".
Av,,"6
. ~ d~V
,,",,",,".
txovv
,," , ~
YLa,,"t
YLa,,"t
,," .
)(Xt oa~
. ,,"',,"
,,"6 d ,,"~ ~
. 6. ~ oou
Tcao
,," d ,,"
,," ,,",
c!o & ,,". ,," tL,

,," )(Xt
ttVOL,
,,"
aV,,"OKLvTj,,"OV.
M&,,"L.
,,",,"
a't"Tjv
nPOC1lt
~~ ,,", &. L d',,"

. &
,,"L,,"L~L&
,,",,"
,,"6 L6
,,".
K~ ~I, .
L'V,,"
,,"
,,",,",
,,"
,,",
,,"
GREEK BASIC COURSE
' ~ ~ .
( ~
()~o MX~O ' (,

MXt
-&.
o~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~o 6 ~o 6 ~
Ev
'A~;
~OK~;
B~
~~M ~OK~

rLCI~t ." ' ' ~OK~
~ ~'~OK~
rLCI~';
~6K ~ ~ox
K~(\!." i~o( ~ "L ~o ~Lv~;

~Exo ~ ~~v~~~L ~x~ ~ '
NoC~
~~
&t
Mo~ ~6;
Hotes
_.- ----------
r-Ucal
~!.!:l..wr.
tOX'88C1
4 x~~
1C.L 'c~;
KOV-M
(.)
~6 n-Vo.
nLf\l~
1te
ab0'98
81tber :1n
MI\r
LCI
!L d.
exaple8 1llstrate
:1n
!1anla and )"OU2
v:1Ddo.
Certa~J
."
" "
vell
Hear tb.
V ~6,
/ <J'nJ
en
trc dj.ct.iea.
Wa1t a DI1nute, 1'11
cce
right avq.
tbe use
~ dverba
tormed
1'r'
adject1ves.
bes.
adwrb8
-.
adverbs end:ing :1n -a
1181'
a180
correspond1ng
orns
:1n
e.g.
LCI.
Sone adnrbc bave ~ or, e.g. :.

!~:!-!.!:! Adverbials
t:1Jne.
~ ~~o
late1y
all the
:iJe
208
G REEK BASIC COURSE
16
last week
6 6
Nuns
this month
denot;1ng time are used 1n tbe accusatiw case to correspond 1n
ean1n!
Engl18b
ad_rb1al phrases 'last week', Inext month', lat n1ght l , etc.

Other
xanplB:
6 )Coxa.
lf 6
next year
cf
.6
~
~~-1.!~
Adject1es
n1ght
n1ght
and Ad.verbs: Coparat1e.
lf . '6. cf
Re81des 1t l s least ten b1ock8
."'ay.
v aKpW.
T~ .6 . ~.
M08t ot th_ are Eropeans.
Da&v .
'lhe Partbenon 18 tbe b1ge8t
6 .6 ~o 6
6 . ,.
He wants to dr1'V8 t'aat.er.
'1he above example8 1l1ust......t.e the
ve 1n Greek 18
coparB1
b ~
1n
ot
cparat1e
betore the
.6 ~yo
ta8ter
-, -/, -
adject!wl
or
-,
replaced by the J!!.
.,
e.l.
-
-,
-,
-,
.6 ,
tbe adject1e.
tom
to the ne11ter
.6,
-6
-,
adject1Y88 and ad'V8rb8.
-,
:,
soet:1JDe8
-,
.6, -~,
18
adjective or adverb, e.l.

b1gger
neuter
torms
tvo way&:
1.6 ~o
atr1x1ng the 8utt1x
the
!ored
1) by' putt1ng the .6
2) by'
1n
Acropol1s.
. ~ 6~a .6 ~o.
'1he
t!mpl
-,
-,
-
-
-~,
-6
-,
6, -~,
-6
6,
-,
6,
6 ,
-~,
6,
-6
-,
209
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Sae
Greek
adject1ves !om tbe1r
118811
cparat.iw
1rregu1arJ3, e.g.
xC~po, -/-a, -
cf
~po, -/-,
x~6~o, -/-, -
'bad'
p~6~po, -/-, -
'old (8&)
o~~o, -, -
Io~po, -/-, -
"
fol" t.b8 IDglish 'than I , e.g.
A~6 o~~~~ l~ ~~o '.
A~6 ~6 aaa v ~ x~p6~o 6 ~ .

,6.J
------- S\IP8Z'lat.1w
1he Superlat.1"
Greek 18 tbe
caparat.1w
preceded b7
art.icle, e.g.
~6 ~ a~6~o .
~~ v~ ~ H~ .
~6 ~6 II~ ~ ~6 x~6~o a.
('l'he
kat.hanmn
-------
JIote ,6., Verba
superlat.i.,., t01'll8 are
1n later
un1t1).
Cd1~1onal
- \'ovc ~~ ~..
di8cusn
C10V
ici ya"
'1f M~.
fj.eM v t e~a
'
tak8
valk.
the only nB ho cold cio
cab1ned vit.h tbe Cant1nuow Pas1; 1s used ind1cate tbat. tbe actin the verb
:. cons1ered
aa potent.:lAl
" con1t1caal;
'U' senteDces v1U be
1scusse
Ex8aplez
f).&EM vcf ~ya~
~a
- a ~cf
~6
valk t.hezoe.
...
'
1ik. '9817 aucb
~ Qt 6o~ ici oou vcf ,. nos. are

,.~
Y'OU
i4
vcf
3cf
1n
1.e.
1Iber
etall
.-
K~.
a~
we
'ou1d' 01"
vou1d
1n later un1ts.
~6 .
~ya~
Fngl1sh
'.
.ou & cfa .
vould like very auch to go t.here.
vould like
It
vou1d please
Dloney
JRuch to
oul
very
b1D.
go to Greece.
much.
2,0
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~~_!.~!.~
Adject1ve: katharevusa neuter fonn 1n
. '"r :"
-ov
~
the regular ending
used 1n th1s
16
-"
It's :i1!Iposs1ble go there.

!
neuter adject1ves in katharevusa"
5ne
adjectives are
in spoken Greek.
. "" . a"r~V r."rV;

tv"r &
"Av
ucx i"r6,
6 .
u:
a"r6
."rt -yatv"r
"r6
u:
-yatv"r uv~&
:;
""r.v ";
:;
ll~-ya"rE O"rf ~ 6. '

.
"r.;
"r6
u:;
vd nEPM"rci"rE;
i"rtv"r
~XE"rE;
. 6 i"rtv"r;
.
vd
-yatv"r "r.
% . "r d"r
vd
t~"r "ru
t"r
"Av
nO"rf
"r'i"rtv"r6
nEpV"rE ",,"! i"rtv"r;
"" "" "r~ ru&."rV
i"r.v"r."r.6
xvouv ~ u.;
u"r;
"r ~ u i~6;
tt"r a"r~V
" ytVOV"ra. a"r~V
'.K~
Y(VOV"rI.
Kt
.6 4 i"r.v"r."r.
uu~"r,
"rt & "" Ein;
lloU v,"r . ~6 .tvuv d"r a"r~V r."rV ~a"r~v ~;

. . t"r. ( M~"r~V ! ~ u:K;
noU . .6 K.~ vtt ~ "r~ ;
dptaouv ~
.. ~ "" in' -"rtv"r;
.~ ~u ",,6 i"r~v"r."r. u""u~"r;
21'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
tJa1t. 11
-----.
-m C (mt )
to 118 qu1et.,
# ~
(t.be) 1ns~
c1~ (c1~')
to let. alone,
1et.J
1_e aloe
1eae JII8
a10118J 8top 1t.,

(d.o that.)
(t.be) comenat.1ca, talk
aca '
# \)v'tX
l', ana .4 ~.~.
8er
' 'f~v \)
v'fCl '&06 'ft .
Mar1a, be quiet. tor a .eCClldI
CI'ff-
Let 8 hear
ha
tatber 18
DonIt talk'
8q1ng
to
.",
( .",)
.6'f ( .6cj)
tct , ~ .",
.c6.
v ~.. VC 'f6 v
) 'fOV 'ft ..
0.1. dgn 118
v4
i .
a&J'7I
iDterrupt. b1.
Ak
doe8 be vant to
ten
1.8
d1dD Xrtc1d to
b1a [exact.17]
.
bot, tIu
the pobtt. 1n
qv.e8t.1ca 1.8,
quet1ca
18
rnu.
; 6.'f. cf \; .~
1.4 'f6 'tIX t .
tb11k
\) (1'f~V rc c
be bas 1n
dJd
about 70V1' tr1p to
to talJc to you
Fl'nce.
. yoV(1'fO
! (!)
to approw
!Kp.vc
a~ed.
'tX.tC .
to use, to
'tX . ~MAX
11'
nab ,
to treat.
used
.12
G REEK BASlC COURSE
& ( ()
to persuade, to conY1nce
'' o~o f ~6
xC 't.o&X
What it be doesnIt approV8 17
~f : .f
~x.
to p8rsuade
1188D8
to torture, to teaae
.tf .
a little
X~fo&.
( the) approval, CC8188nt
.f~a
1;
f a:'
.f. ~ x~f6
o~ (o~)
~6 fo& ~.
~o.
t.lW1k
tatber, be
but;yu knr
aly.
vant8 to tea8e
11tt.le betore be g188 bi8
(1)
to acqu1.re,
' n (. ~o 6 ~o
~6 f. :~6.
dn
&. 'o~
approaL
ewrth1n
tMnk he has b1s reaeca tor 401Dg
1t...... He
~6 fo& ~ . fo.
h1n.
: " (: ()
f ~6 . ~6
(and)
tr1ed everytb:1ng (rused all tbe
f ~6 .
.~,
17
408811 n U8
to take
evertb1ng tor grnted (rthat 1 et

ewrth1n ..~,).
6oa.
to
rece1~,
6x't .
be
8d1t1,
~. (~.~)
1;0
e&ea,to apprec1at8
(tbe) vortb, value, C08t
x't . , ~O '~fo df,
aooept,
8d1
accept8
He doen't app"Ow ('acC8ptI) at once
6.6~. o&f. cf f cf
vbatever ve aak (rtell ) h1a, because he
~o ~~ ~o;:; fo& f-
V8Dte
to
ab U8
apprec1ate tbe '981118
~o.
~x
(t.be) bapp1ness
: f C ~x ( ~6
nd
to t1nd j07 and happ1n888 :in
'9ertb:1n&.
fo& ~..
()
(3)
to
18UDderstand
813
G REEK BASIC COU RSE
3.;
tvw
wh11e, vben, vhereas
6311.
(tbe) 1ntent1on, a1J, purpoee
tL ~ .6~
~6 u,
tvw
Indeed7 ADd e 1.suDderstand hh ID08t of
~6
~x. ~6o 63..
t1Jne, wh1le poor [father] re~ nean8
80 . ('1188 such a good. 1ntent1on').
~6 lI~oo
6, -~,
(the) 1nd1vid.al, peraon
-6
.6, -,
go1deD
-6
d-v'
(t)
w:6.
low
(t) \lDdetancl1ng
-!.
(the) f8lll1q
. lc cu. ~oo u
., 4') . l Wl
Be ' such a
w:61. .cf ~f f. ~ou.
ondertul per8CD.
He baa ('111 t' )
a golden heart. tull (extrce) low lDd

\lDderstndmg r hi I~.
Ueetl ard8
----.--
_ ~o ~c t!!I!!I!.
~6
. C1C1. t!2~~!!!fi;
!!!~!~!!& ~ ~!e!~l
( )
to8OlD
~6 ~o
neclcne H-~.
!!!fi~!. VQ!'!~_~!i_~!~fi~2~~3 i !!!!~~2~~.

c430 .
(3)
cpV (V)
lIhen the7
to s1t
to
ant
;you
dn
shut,
caU
1 o~ !~t!2 ~6 !~_~I~e!.
l, -, -
ugr
~6 6.
HEx~ 6 u~ ~~fi.
vo1ce
G REEK BASIC COURSE
11
~2!~~~! & ~~ ~~~~!e~~ .

.cf ( .cf)
lcf
COU81n
cous1n (t.)
8cf ~ ocf ~~~!:!I!!'!
Ha
res_ble
C !!ly~~~~ ~6 ~2~~~!2~
~6 IflZ
Ha/a
--
~6 o~o
A\~6 !v&oc; !2~!'!! .

oa .
. cfc; ~~ ~
w'Uj
C 'fOU ~ \~~;
r.cf no.6 pi . cfc; 6K.~.

. o&~. o~
vcf
vcf
~ . a~ ~o;
r.a'fC . cf . '\'f ~ Ha~&
6 M~.
'f0'U
M'flC;
\'fa\'f6;
l&c; . a~cf ~ ~ .. ~o ~a ~o;

lrrat1w
AiI'f6 a. ~\~OK~O ~O ~2~ !!!2~eI2~.

,
d unoup'f6c;
T~ 1~!!2~2' ~!e2~~!!!.
Mr. Ms. (prDOUDced
/kl.rV:J.,
k:t.a/)
M1n1ster
IyxtW (d~1
o.cf
~ . ~ ~~r!~2!!~~~~~;
lZ6o.
AU'f6c; . ~~ ,'l.
A~6 o.~~ cf. ~~el~.
cx
00188, trouble,
GREEK 8ASIC COURSE
T~ x~a ~~ ~ ~Y!2~.
~oo, -, -
1ntn8e,
1nt8D81"
3 d~o ~~~E~~~~~.
uagerat1ca
~ o~
": v~ Y~~!~E~~ Kfv~pa.

K~~6, -, -6/x~6,-,-6
:!~E!!! 6 i.
~~~
fv ~ ~~!~!!E!! ~o~a.
!~ (!v~f)
A'f ~ 6~ ~ d~ !~!~!~.
dt~03f~ot, -, -
~03f-rx
~6 II.r~
~ c~6
E~6 3~o ~~ !E~!!~~ 6ao.

:tK~6, -~,
!!~2~ .,\
E'f6
'f6
uw
-6
utt1cUat,
8neral
3fa'fE.
'f
'!__~ ~6 beCO'fE ~ 6 .
"\'f6 ~ a ~~ 'f6a ~~x!~.
~ "'ax
" 6
vcf
'fpC
pMC8, qa1etea8
oU
'fOU
x6~CI
a'f6
"E'f~ 3f~
I~ ~~
vcf
~~ a'f~V I'C.
vcf
aoMI7Tj
a'f6
: v~a'f~.
"6 1 o~4 6 ~o fv K~
'f.
No'~ ~~ fv c~ f ~~ v Ko~~
'fOV
~o~ a6o~
et3 at
a'f6
n ~o.
~o ,~ n~~o
C ~~
d 6 n~.

u'f6
vcf
8~
"'
~6 -rx~
vcf
~"a6 ~6 6
6 ~f~ M~ ~~ ~~
~~ i~a ~vcf Kfv~pa ~o.
8~
CI, a~ 1C~ f 63~, I~ a~6 tC~ a~
6K~-rx~
vcf
~ ao~a.
f 3~ ~o f~ ~
GREEK BASIC COURSE
vL L6.
'Etap~~trL 6 ~6 !~oo
HaC '~ tL Ha36
v~Lv ,.
~tL vL ~ o~
~o~!o.
d,
t~~L
ed
~ ~ YHaTt~
~ d
,optt
Ha C ~
~o LL,
DapCaL HaC
~ o~
'~L K~6 HaL6 at;,
l o~o " ~6 a~ ~.
HaC
HaC ~ vLtL
L~ o~ ~ ~'dtLO~ta~
d L avaL6v ~ '~6
~ '~6 n ~.
'ttf
17
4 ~6 ~o ~ od ~6 ~Ha
~o KL'~~aL tvL
YL~ x6a
~.
~tL d 6 ~o "
~Lv;
r~tr~C ~~ d d ;
~6 ~6 ~CL a~ ~;
'EYKpCVEL
rLtr~C x~;
~ 6 ~o ~ ~o L'(~6 ~ L4L;
AtEL
dL ~;
~o
dmrv0r8
(~;
!/ HaL6 (~ ;
Iy~ ~6 ~o;
!.O!!-!~l Cl8
wrb Ipe.t.1....
P~ ~o ~ ~tL d R .
\18.
'1'h8
aboe .......
L1ke
Cl8 '98b8
1Jper1'ecU....
perfect1ve
are
-(
11l\l8trate8 tbe
tbe
wrb8
...
ot tbe
Cla88
to IpeUe I~:
'Nrb8.
perfeeuw aDd
'1be bperteeu ... r.perat1... 18 ba8ed Q the pr888Dt 8te the wrbJ
Iperat1... OD 1
8Dd
e.u8
IaperaU... o.rn
-a~
tbe
perreeu
Upertect1
8t.8.
and
'lhe
8CCd p8Z'8CD 81ngular
and
-~
and plural
for the perfect1...
the
ed1np
Iperat1... , .,.
at7
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Verb:
Pre8ent St8:
.-
Pertect.
~~~~!!!
.-
St8
VerbI
Preet St8a
!U-
to
Sg.
Pl.
Sg.
&81'\'8'
u~
~
~
l"8rtect. Sta: ~-
, . HeD "CID
the abcmt ex.uple& the &t.reS8 18 on the penult:bate (next

fbn
_cept for tb8 81ngular

f1'a tbe
(th1rd
1perattw
1t 18
to
syl3Able)
the antepemlltJJnate
QC
th8 erb.
d1ffemce
Sae wrb.
Ierat1"" 1Ihere
the perfect1ve
1n
tbe WI'bt d.8 elu8..
1nterebceab~.
perfeot.1...
ot
ea1) 81Uable
ana1.1l'
18
Dlan:1ng beteen
V1tb
howewI", bn8
tb.e
erb
tbe lII&3or1ty
0D8
perfect1e
8Dd
botb
Dperat1ve or,
hertect1e
f08
vb1eb
1D87 be used
-.v
be e1 ther
' Dpertect1....
!!!!-1.! 18818
ID Rote
1".'
Decl1Jaab1e
C8rd1Nl 11118'818 ta 800 .
tbe dec1D81cI ;
hllodJ ~
1llu8trate tb8
8d .;
C81'dmal
8Dd t.hdr ccpoad8 . .
188I'W
trc. aoo up.
Buer1A
rca 1 to 199 (tze8Pt r c , pat ofC1aEPE " a the1r ccpound8) are 1Ddecl1Dable
.....:.-
'
EtWI. .&6.. ucf t
'Dere
l, .&6, cf t -
W'i:KEC; _t
are aI3. _ , ",1I88n 8DIS tJ
cb11dren there.
.&6. cf .,i.
no Xt,O , , t
- t . n . .i
Ve 888 10001181, 1000 VCI8D ad 1000
ch1ldren.
no 6(() .,f 4. '60 .t.f-
Ve ...
aooo __,
yvK; '60 ..f ..f.
ch1ldren.
. f an.r 6 ,
'1boae are the
6 . t 6
n1ll1on
8000 aen aDd
boU888
1IOIDIID
ot
and
aooo
1II1ll1c:
. .,
1ll.1a ch11dren.
n...
a1e
GREEK BASIC CvURSE
'Jhese
exa.ples Bhor
that the Cardinal
Nuerals
200 througb 1999 agree vith the nouna
they moc:I.1f;y Uke regular adject1ves (plura1 1''onn).
Tbe plural .1n !
1000 ( . .cf )
('t6 't1.0, 'tcf 't . ) is

vith the noun
is !l~! d.n1n and 1l1ic or mill10as
&!!!l! neuter. '1he rest o:r the
neral g'88
1 od11'1es~ ..
!'t. . 6. vv't 't ..cf ~, Ha

..f.
Ha't. .. ~~ 't ..cf !. . 't

~
Ha't. . 6. ~~ 't ..f !.
. 'tpta ..cf.
~..!.W AlterDat1'98 pertect1w ste !or of tbe 'V8I"b &.

'~y i'I o&~o ~ ! vfo.
~~~~~
Wben they
Wa:t
is another perfect1ve stc !om ! the wrb
:1ntercb&geab],witb the!on
1'011 they V111 call :you.

&
b1 18 uaed
&.
o.cf . 't 'Edo ~ f'tE cx y.a'tt;

dpfaE. 't6 E~..(~ .) i'I
crrv. crrf)v 'Ed cx y.a'tt;
C't ~ u.'t'tf V. ll-&. x~6.;

,crr't cx-&'tf) i'I ;;
"Av !x~ .e4 Il v4 f vef vcf

CO .;
d. VUX'tEPLVf) ;~;
t;'t L foo .f fOIoO v4 v4 ; 'tf f);
8lPE'tE 4 lv. ~'dtLoo&~~ 't -&f)v;

ant'tL !XE'tE yIdyocfaE'tE ~y ~ ,~aE'tE a't~v f;
" nO'tf L't't~ vL't~L;
"Av L't vd 6 't YLcf 'tv ;
219
GREEK BASIC COURSE
----
.11
,8
&U.
.,. after
-6
(1ohe) brotber-1D-la
.6, -~,
-6
_1otaotW
dv (dvcx)
&U. 6 clMyeuX,

_-, ar1t1ae
C6ufo
"
taorrr
(3)
-6 ,
Nc.M6
1;0
100
d.epart;,
.'98
h1s tr1eod the R_Y8l
brotber-1n-1a,
Attach& ad. ",,8U are g1D1 1;0 Delp: tb8
ufo; &Cvcxu .d u
da;y
U.
tbere (, 1;0 D81pl1')"
-. d.
aner
tcaorror.
Rave)'OI1.wr been
-~.&!
vcxCC (d)
to qaD
6 &
(tbe) WDder, 1r_c18.
beto
,.terd\
cad.ertI1 (uaecl _~)
Kt,
d. d! .
&!,
1''98 been tbere 8e'98ral t1ae8.
8_
d.~, fo . VC d.
_1oter ot t_c1o 1 ... about. to (I...q
Itvs. ..., d ! VC
80 tbere aa1n tbe ~ betore ,..8tena;r.
n t 6 .
lf,'8 -
tb8re
1fODderh1 p1ace, bat 70U C8R'f, \
b7 tra1n.
.d' (.)
to
.;.
D8'f8r lII:1d
.'..
Ct.
C6, dl .u .
Ifner
&d ~
1:d..
tb1nk
1;0')
'd
ve
teaae,
annr,
M'98D '\
r_tber
ottea4
_c1ded. ,..\ bu10 1
there
b.r bu8
! 6 .
280
mIT
G REEK BASIC COURSE
18
.sx (f-&)
to surter, undergo, susta1D.
(the) car
-YOU th1nk
()
to spcd
. l.& ;
oi
. f f
.ed
What happened to ;your car ('1our car
underwent ' )2
' .f ;
Dan't tell YOU're
worry.i.ng (1th1n1dng l ) about the
vould spend
OD
ho
..
to be bored
6 4.
(the) t:i1'e
nx6,
01d (th1ngs ~)
'' . , :
. .
old pal.
do 70U th1nk
Who do 70U th1Dk
4 C 4 f.X
( ' . bored') dri~B and be81de. the
oi . . ncz4.
t1res
;rou
ga8ol1ne.
! c
-cf, -6
l8OD8
car are a l1ttle a1d.
-~or
~ .K~ 6 TC. 6
About
o~o nd-4
hor
or 1888
10ng doe. 1t tak8 to
b7 b.
approxbate11")7
1) c4/crd.
(tbe) .top
.4oC .
to need
'X.fTC .
18 nece888J7
to
ej07,
6 f.
there
bu8 ('bov \ bours <10.. the tr1p lut
.!
(d(j)
(the)
to prot1t
J8)Q
F1ve hours 1nc1udiDg the
stop.
Just enough
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(1&8 nece88&ry t) tor U8 to enj01 the n811

d..
1DOOn.
-~d~~ (d~~)
to d1aappo1nt
;~6, -~,
ho, an
-6
(the) b181d1f;y
3 d 'd~~, 6
dal
tb:I.k
. ~ vx. no ~~o.o
(Idcnlt 1U th1nk1) thU 18 too lc:ae (Itoo
~6 .6 t '1hf ~~ ;
8t\Y [hOur8] ) 1n 8uch bo 8Dd b18llid.
ect
to diaappo1nt 7OU, bat.
eather
(18Uch bu1dif;y t)'r
C<t
aq, a,yb
fo~
b7 aU
;. .
to be/let
lI U30/"cn
1t
()
to turn around,
beh1nd,back
n~ 3CI 6fo~ Ve'll
1\1 "cn 3CI '" /
888.
uaD8~
1n aI\Y
C888
t.1recI
get t1red
r8tun,CC118
back
AJvhor velll 10 tbere 1n ~ c:ue,
ad. 1t ". e" t1red
_111 CCI88
back
CID
Fo!dq.
_!!''; .
60'1..,
. 6
.6
f . m
'1'be veather 1gh cbn&e. Vell th8l1, baw
f c!a d
ood t1
and donlt
toret
to
888
tbe
cn6 "'.
b ~_~LtI.!!~
,,~px
Mcnd.a,y
T~
Tuesdq
Vedne8dq
T~~
'DNredq
GREEK BASIC COURSE
18

~6 ~-L
week
~6 d~
Saturday
VL
Sunday
md
~ ~o
llOLOt
3L
~6 d6v;
L ~o;
''L nfEL lf L no~f cn ;

tL
~o ~o ;
~ ~o ;
rLa~t,
lL
~o ~OK~o;
6~ L'L ~6 ~tL ~o f ~6 ;
Tt &f tfo ~6 ~ f ~6 '~ ~ Cf~ ;

d o~ ~o ;
tC~ &f ~ ~ ( ~ tL f;
(C~ aL6 &f L tL ~ ~ o~;

f fL f do vf tfo o~ ~o ;
NarraU".
A~6 d !er!~~T!! ndp .
fc L
hevorlc8
to vork
6 4 ~6 LL L !~
!1!!!~e!2
cc.erce, tr, .bw1l1..8
f (C L ~!!~e!!!!2 vf ~o~6 ~.
d~t~~,
-,
1nd18penaablA
~6 ~6 ~OK~o EtvaL Q~~~Q1!1~.

L6,
yd
-,
-6
eccnom1ca1,
ecac1c
! !!e2~~~e~ Kf~L;
f
(f)
to o!ter
6 ant~L ~L !f~_~~!~~1~.
!L/!
ease, relaxat1on,
cefrt
G REEK BASIC COlIRSE
'~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ 6 K~.
A~6 ~_~~~~e~~~~~~ L~L ~
he decided
L~.
vice
'dL ~6o ~ ~_~~!~~!~2~~.
CQ1Sul
situation, conditiCB
A~o elvaL ~!~!~ !.

~o~
alwal's
~L ~ vL d~d ~2~~!.
L~6, -,
I~~_!el~~~!) od
lxo,
3<t
-,
-6
acces81ble,
d ~
1hi
reach
a.
next., CCII1ng
Elv L ~~2.!:!!~ vcf ~ ~.

L~~6,
-,
-6
Q'2 ~.L vcf f; ~!!~~~~!~!!.!: y.t Kt~ ~1..
EtvaL ~~ ~~o y~o ~~!e~ d'~ ~.

''
experi_C8, pract1C8
ft&eMv vcf ~ cf\io Y:~~1~!)!~~!.

dnoyo'TfEOO~ . (du-&)
to be d1aappo1nt.ed
o.t !; , lp-yette~ . ~ ' ..
"f~.cr { .
'1~o
vcf
vcf ~L ' ~ fa.
f~o~ ~OK~o.
rI. '~
~ 1v.
'L,t,
~ L 6
v. ooo.6~ dt ~x . dL ~
xcr",t&i ~Lf~.
'~.
dnefaLae 'Cyof v
4 .
4& LI .6
! 1. Voo . ~ ! d .~
~ '..
tH x~~aLf; ~o ~o~~o ~o EtvL { ''
~. ~o CK~ .-r.
rI. 'criI~6v
6 XPELtte~ L . L LVOGPYLI t~.x.
'( ocr ~o ~ ~ ~6 d6u
~c ~! 'Coo.
, &. d~
vcf
vcf
vcf
~6
ElvIL L~~ vcf f &~L , KL'
avo~.
L~{L . ~x CK~ '~.
y.f cf~ CXLVOUPYLO ~~OK6 ~o, YLI~t
f du-&.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
'8
td~L
MtVEL YLd ~~ uLd ~o ndv~ ~~ '3

nptnEL vd ~ ~OK~o YL'aV~~V ~ uLd KdvELj
~OK~o
!XELj
EV. ~6 6 ~OK~o:
~OK~o dnEfOLaE
' 6
v 'dd:
nOL6v .e ~6 dpi;
EV. wrl1 K~cn. a~6 ~6 ~OK~o;

6L~ L d t~ ~ tfv ~ ~6 6;
rLQ~t
3d
~~ :
No~
lXEL d ~6 L~ ~6;
Gra8at1cal
!2!!_!!~ Verbs
Rote8
Cla88 1 8Dd Clu_ 11 Verb8: Present Pertect.
"L d. nO'ft O"t' ;
Have 70U
' ndE1. K~ .
ba". one _eY8r8l tDe8.
~oE IorL 6.
'Ie ba'V8D't de1ded 7et.
1'be_e are
exarp].ee
8V81'
be8D ('aoe ) 1D D81pb1.
Prea8D1o Perfect teD8e 1n Qreek.
'I'be Pre_8Dt Perfect( '1 have dane so-ad-eo') 18 expre__ ed 1n Greek, .. 1n rnU8h,
Pre_ent telD8e tJe verb
b7
'have oll.oee b;y tJe ".rb8l f01"ll vh1cb 18 rouh11'

'
equ1val8n1o to &sli_h ' Part1c1ple' f08 1n ~ (, giV8D, tbro), -10 (bo, C81I&ht,
8Dt) and -d
(l1b 3rd
~x
(sold, held, had).
peron
81.ngu1ar
tJe
'1'h1a verbal.fom 18 tJe pertect1". _t8 plU8
pertect1'9
_t_
-.
a11Dg
f01"ll).
Jnple8s
Verb
Pertect.1ve
Bten
Pre88Dt Perfect
~ .
-yr /
d-
! d.
( 1 )
~ u~.
"'t' (2)
.~~-
~ VL't'.
aas
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Perfective St8
Verb
l"ol],jng
ccplet.e parad1p !
18 the
'!!~~
V'3rba
--------------
tb8 verb f
in Present. Per!ect.a
~xo" fX.
~. .
t .
!.
!xo"v
Verb
maber
Present. Perfect.
<tpxtO'Ei.
vith pret1xes
Oreek
'98rb
occur 1n cClDb1nat10n Vith pref1xea
h1cb
undergo certa1n
chne8 h the erb 18 118811 m the Pa8t. t.en8e (both Simple nd Qmt.muous).
a1'e rest.d8d
tbe8e '98rb8
to
pre.
8 th8 aJor1V
katbarew8a contsxts ~ they viU be d18cw8ed m deta11
1n lat.er un1ta.
'1!e
'98rb8 vith
prefixe
tbat have
a1reIcQo
occured 1n our UD1ta are:
------
Pa8t
~~
~le
ull.
_ppea
~~~
auvf
auv .
clMCO"tw
to dec1d8
IfO'*
d!'.t
Cvat!f
to~
IllC
ClII
to
apJIrC8
",.r
.c c6
to
1Dterru"
.KOcj
.'tC
VnoXpEVW
t.o obl1p
VX
l. C
to 1Dtere8t
Cla88 11
cb8np
\a8
erb. bfewI'.
tcr*
\'nEXplw\ICI
.
baw tbe pret1xe8 cbaned 1 the Sbple Pa8t. ~.
'De
th8 ~ Pa8t occur JD katharnuaa coot8Xt ~. 8.g.
---------
Put
te8e8
-. -
Cat.1n1lDU
lnOKorouc1%
to obt.a1n
tcrv'rOucr
-----------------------------------------------------------------
aa6
G REEK BASIC COURSE
!!:!-!.!!~ Put '1'ene A1JPII1t
URrr '8
l-
AD urutre88ed paat teDae augent - Ctor the st.ressed aupaent ~- s" Note
,0.,) 3 be
prefU:ed 1;0 lIIf7 Cl8 or put t88 verbal tora begiDn1Dg v1th a CO""Clala1t, tbat 18 1;0
uq
t0J'8"
l .&, l\,
et.c. lU7
OCCNI'
puoaUel
1;0
i.&,
etc.
'1'r8n8f:owat1ca D1.ll
------------
a.e
tb8 uderl1Ded erb 1Dto tb PreHDt. Per!ect.
~ ~~~~!2! .;
~!2!!2!~!! YLd 6 tt. u.

A.~wv 6 6 I!~~!~ d.
6 n . t ; I!e!~! (;.
!!e2~!!~ ;
vd , d .
:!!!~!~ 6 .t ~ &. u;
6 ~!~!~~!! 6 ..
~~~~ &6u.
'!!!~!!! ~&6u 6 ou.

., ~~!~;
6 ~!!!2*! ; ;.
' ! \ !~!!!e!~! CI~d d ~.
I!!!~ 'CI~d (; .
6 !l!2'!~!2! 6.
~!!!!2!~ CI~6 (; ~;.

(;; !~!!~~~ &6u CI~o(; (;; &~u;.
Rt . ~ ~-e!~!ln~!!.
t2"t lxci:ve d .-ydc;
-------
~ &( 6 !~~~!!!~
" !!2!~H (;.
T~ ~I!!!2~2! ..
~!e~!29~ ~; ~.
~~~fi!! &6u.
~ !!~e2~!! tu .
T~ !~~!~~ 6 .
6 ~c . ~ ~!2!!~!!~
'g~~29!! 6 ~oxo \ Cu ;
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~ !~~~!~q~~ xa~o.
~ ~~~xe!~~ d ~o~ ~.
~y~~~!~ ~ ;
6 ~!~!!)~!!;~~~ o~ t,,~6 ~6
1,,~6
tp'YO.
30o~6 ~~~!~~ o~ ~.
/ ~ I~~~~~ a,,~6 ~6 v;
E~( !!)~!~~fi~~! o~.

A~~ ~I od ~o !!~!2!Y ~6 ! ~.
6 !r!~~~~ ! ~6 6 ~6 x~~o.
!!!~~~!! ~ 'a,,~ox~6
~!!I!!! ! ~;
~!~!~ ~o~.
t t\r -: ~ ~r;
~~y nox.ftc;
MoI~
Dov
vd
~ ~ ~ ~ ttf;
.y~ auv~ ~ aa~o-K~~a~;
d d"~ r,,~6 ~6 tal'fO-K~pIorxo;
tC~ ~ ~ o~! d ..mo
vd
~~~~ o~ ' /"
"/tt
"1" c, ax~~ d y~ ~6 ~ ~6 a~ox\l6

.tC~ V. t~~r ~ tupntxd r~ox'f v~ ~6 oxoo~X
c16 'f' &~XC~xd;
~ y~a~ o~~o ~' &~xa~M4 r,,~ox'f;
I ~ v~ ~ ~~~~ ~ 6 ~ ~ ~OXrr1; / fa;

CC~ ~'r,,~ox~6 v~ ~~~ ~ y~! ~o ~ tf~
~ 6 xdvE~ ~ vCCvr
crrf)v
Ma;
tC~ Uv d ~xo
&~xy~~ a,,~ox'f,
~d
vCCvr v~ ~6o x~I) ;
o~o v~ xaC~o~ ~~ ~~ , y~x !~;
aaa
G REEK BASIC COURSE
18
~ dfL d ~x ~6 ant~L ~ dvfL ~ YLa~tj
MnL~ d ~
nOLd dL vL vLd 6 ;
No~ vLd ~o ~L d~ &;
~ dfL d y~ d vLj
!
dpfaovv
L6~ !L ~'d<!~ ~ VK;
dpfaovv a ~ ov~fpv ~fv ~ ~ Lj
~ dfL vLj
llOLd
vL ! dfLj
~Ex~ <! fvLj
rt nOL6v
~Ex~
Ld~,
!~tv
-ro <r~fp ~ ~ ~t ';

~ lt
No~ d <r LLd L d dvv
!v 6
<r~t f ~t ~o ~o~
vL~ dyd
G REEK BASIC COURSE
& (&a)
K~.
Uov
~ao~; &-
Oood orn1ng Kostas. h baw )'OU beeo 'l
a.
III18sed
you.
n ()
to be ab8eot
&.
W.n.
&. K~~ .&
1fasn' t here {...... ab8ent).
~ ~.
M~&o~,
('bad gone to') Crete for 'S dq8.
-,
8u1table,
K~tr;w (K~tcM)
tou
&ca& a~6 ~6 a;
C.~ ~.
D1d
:rou llk.
tbe 18laD41 Do tb1ak 1t.'
8U1table place for 10U
."(. cmto CJOU;
8If
to b1d.ld
(tbe) nature
~6 o~6
( the) 8DUDta1n
n.&/n.. &~
(tbe) pla1n
(the) 8ea-ebore
~ K~&
Doroua~J
"Ex~ 3V~ ~,
su1table.
', nL& na(.
'IOVr
houH!
6a./,u
~4o.
t1t.
to bu1ld
&1".1. ~,o .' & K~~ ~6
&~~.
u ....117 1n
nature ,),
bel1eve 1t ' s JnOst (1qu1te 1 )
has natural beauty (Ivandertul
ounta1ns, plain8
8Dd shOr8S.
230
GREEK BASIC COURSE
.~
you (tam.) had v1a1ted
6 %
(the) paat
.~ 6 6 6
19
Raw you ('had you r) ever viaited th1a 1ahnd
% ~
be!ore ('in the past') or th1a the
the first
t1Je?
'
X.G
(the) vinter
6 6.
(the) sh1p,
.f~
fv
prev10ua17,
' 6 . f 6 6.,
6 .~x
bad passed
T.i.a1ted
passed by there
I'w
O'V1'
ste8er
befo:e
in
1nter,
but
via1ted there before.
f.
4.
(the) 1nhab1tant
~o, -, -
proud
.6, -, -
bosp1table
to
the;r are bu8y
W xo~. 4. .
o~ . .6..
ge't. buay,
I'w heard that
to be ocoup1ed
inhab1tants are VfIr1
proud and hoap1table [people].
rJbat'a
the1r ain occu.pat1an ('v1th vhat are
.;
thq OCCQp1ed')1
6 .6
(the) V1llage
(the)
pl.
.t'Weran
23'
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(the) taner
6
fv,
-, -
educated
~aa6o~ x~ "~ "

~ .
In the v1llages
6~
(the)
x"y~~
(the) eng1neer
au"f"/v"~
(the) vr1'ter
[such a8]
(88)
layers,
1n the
lnf.y'
doctors,
ng:1Deera
tCv"~
tbey are tuaous, ve1l
~ x~
(te)
~-n)
(the) old:'
( the) var
'1'hey
, y~ ~ "x~ .
8Dd
vr1tera.
to 118 t880U8, to be
toms
('educated 1)
people.
tC~
ay tCv"~ o~
rtVOVT"'
tanerII;
~K6o
o~ ".
Iv"
or
the people are
tbere are 81\ profes81caal
~K6o~, Y~"Tpot, X"Y~KO
r~
ti8henen
eitber
fv~ ~3no~.
lIIOst
Jcnon
knon
bravery, va1Dr, courage,
are ail, hovever, [particular:q] 11811
knwn
tor one th1ng - the1r
gal1atl7.
, "~
cn6v 6.
Uo6 ~" d &";
Tou
~6 6 ;
oU ~"";
~K xeto~" ! ;
!.no~ "~ ;
xoo"~;
o~ '" ~6 ~ao
ou"" 6 ~ ;
E"~ " a"~ K~KO;
2)2
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'9
Narrat1e
Irakl1n
'&.
6 .&
(c1t1ea of
Reth1non
Crete)
& .&
6 &. 6 . o~ ~1!~!Y~.
..6, -,
-6
healthtu1
I~_!~~!2~ . o~ ~~!2e2~
6 ~o
8011, earth, grouncl
\),-, -
tert1le
~tl_~e~~Q2~~~ & . ~.
cap1tal c1t7
~~ . 2!~2Y2~!~ & . 6 .
econaQ'
.6 .& & ~~e~12~Y 6 6 ~~~!.

&
to
6 &.
ol1ve 011. 011
produc
& &. & !e2Q!~.

6 \
1'ruit
& f 06 ~e~!!~2Q 6 . 6.
.6
the CretaD
..&
6 6 . . ~!~!2e~!!~ n6 6 ~o.
..6, -,
Mfvouv
-6
d1tterent
& & ~Y~~!2.

6 &
6
h.cn6f;
~Y2!~! ~&
Fe_toe
&.
~o..
8pring
6 ~ !~_!!!y~~~e2 ~& .

M1noans
fH . 6 .6 & '&.
6 ~oo ~o.
autunn
\& . & .&.
". ..6
' & 6.
233
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~6 K~o ~6 P~o.
~
K~ ~ ~ ~~K
', ~6~~ ~ ~ o~.
K~~KO ~ o~ ~ ~ K~ ~o.
K~O~KO ~
~6 ~6
t~ , o~~ K~~~.
~K~o~K ~ ~ ~ ~o~~K 6 ~ ~~K~o~K ~ '6

.
6 ~ 6~ tt ~ ~ K~o ~
~o.
K~ ~o~, ~6o o~~ ~ ~oc
~ ~6 , ~ ~o ~ t(
~o~o ~6 6 ~ o~6 ~ .
K~~;
~6 K~ ~6 l6( ~;
~o ~;
Mo~ ~ & 6 ~
6 tC ~~ ~~ ~ ';
~oo ~;
noL6
4 ~ K~;
x~.~oK ~ ~;
MoI~ ~ 4 t
6 tnLxtn~OV~aL
~o~
~;
~6 ~6 ;
ft :
!.,ote '2t'. Verba Class
~ ~ Kp~
and
Verbs:
Km~
Pertect.
aB avq 1n (Ihad gone ) Crete or "

days.
tnLCKE&Tj ~6 ~6 ~6 ~6;Had ,"OU visited that island 1n the past?

The urxier1ined verbal
he
1ns
Past Pertective 18
or in -/
is
preceded
are 'Past Perfect1 w
oned
by'
like the Present Perfective except that the perfect1ve
the Past tense ! the verb
, e.g. ~.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
19
The Past Perfectlve 18 used to descr1be an action wh1ch (,) occurred 1n the d1staDt
past (very orten w1 th Ibefore', 'ever befre', 'never before', '1n the past', etc.) or
(2) wh1ch 1Jpl1es the occurrence ne other subsequent act.ions.
~~_!2:.! Verb: Class 111 <M1.ed1e/Pass1ve) verbs.

.
He doesn't approve.
You (t_.) thi.nk.
'.
'1hey
The above examples 1llustrate the use
Class
s0"7.
are
aus.
Verbs.
The great major111Y
these
"Irbs have e1ther a ~!!!!!}~!!!S (1.e. repres8nt the subject the recelver the act.ic:n,
e.g. 'to be loved', ' be k111ed', 'to be wr1tten' etc.), or a ~'!~! (_~!!l_~~
(1.e. denote an act10n that 18 d1rected back
ble oneel!'
Sone !
etc.).
~o.
(e.g.
the verbs
Upcc1
the subject, e.g. 'to waah ODesel!', 'to
this Class, however, are s1JDp]y 1ntrans1t1ve verbs
~o.
, to coe',
'to work') or one1Je even trans1t1ve
OD8) that 18 to verbs tbat can have a d1rect object, e.g.
. .
'. 1II8r1")"1ng Mary.

All Class
!..O:!_!!:!~ Class
verbs end 1n
1n the t1rst
prsc:n
s1ngular Present (c1tat1on
subclaSSB !
d1tterst Ste Fo:at1'99
the Class
Verbs 1n
kathiluen1 accord.1ng
Sutt:1Jtea:
-0-
2} Verb8 1n - .. .
(-. 1n katharevusa)
-.-
-\- or
3} Verba :1n -\. or -.

Class 111 Verbs 1n tbe sutt:1Jt
to the
Sta 'orna1 Sutt:1Jt

-------------------
1) Verbs 1n -.
Verbsj
:).
111 Verbs - Ster Forat1w Sutf1xe8.
'1here are three

three
- .
18 add.ed
~:~
Class Verb
----------
are tonned like the
the
~!!!!
IDperf'ect1'Y
tormat1ve
---------
Sten
sutt:1Jt
(.&ctlve)
.-
'to read'
'towr1te' -
'to buy'
()
'to
'
s't8
vo1ce
--
the ajor1ty Class
the verb, e.g.
Class
verb
----------
(Pass1ve)
-0-
.--.
'to be read'
-0-
--.
'to be written'
-0-
--.
'to be bougbt'
f-
-0-
--.
'to be sa1d'
235
GREEK BASIC COURSE
C1.a88
verb8 U8ual]y
!on
the1r Pu81ve Vo1ce (Cla88
Verb8 belc:ng1ng to ~
- , ,
'D1ose tbe ~~~!
'Do8 ~~2
-oi,
, ,/oi ,
verb8) u
caet.:1ea
o1lor'
- , l1ke
-&\) 1,; \) . ,
..)
~!
&
..
'to be loved'
V.(2)
.n,~ X.oi.
'to be tb8ked
-&
-&oi,
'to be
~_,..!
(1)
( 3)
Cla8s
'l'be preaent
Vc18 - Pre88lt
cas1dered
'
teaae.
ten peonal cgt1Dg8
Claa.
m nrb8 are u
oUB
~.
1.
-,
-O'cz .
.s.
-vorcz,
n.
~.
8.
a) 'I8rb:b
IpX-ocio
X-6:c
IX-CC1Ix,
lx-/lx-~.
(PX-CTCZ..
-.
- , ,
!.
~cm- .. f4I.
~m- .
a.
&yczn-,to:,
&yczn-Llaorc
&yczn-C'fTXI.
&cz-.iV'r./&-.v.
3) Verb m
-iX . / -ii . ad
-ii .
!.
1.
xo.-./xo.-oi.
-&-oi.
.- ..
-&-*
2.
.-cz.
-&-.
.- ..
-&-
,.
"oIo-a'rczI.
3-.. .
xo.- .. ./xo.oi ...
-&-oi .. ./- ...
* '1'he
kat.harewaa !or
-&-&
18
et:lJeB
used.
36
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Verb 1n
( --
-.
on)
1.
5g.
&-.
Ito be
niBtaken'
---
-.
2.
(K~o.. -~)
---
&-.
3.
'9
-~'
-.
'lhe prep081t1on used ith tbe pBB1e fOl'II!S. correspd1ng :1n mean1ng to Pngl1sh 'byI.
18
or '.
~_!2:!:'} ~nt1nuus Future and SUbjunct1'.
'1be
~nt1nuOWl
Fut1J1"
Mean of' the part1cles

erb.
and Cont1nuOWl 5ubjunct1e ' the Class verbs are foned b,y
and
respect1ve]y put bef'ore the present tense 'ons ! the
e.g.
~x ~
we IU
be com:1.ng
eigbt
8V'1"1 eek.
t.
. !. K~ .
!~~_!!~~
w ce
ewry day.
C1a88 Verb8 - Perfect1 V8 BteD FODD.
'Jhe Pertect1ve St8a ora ' the Cla88 111 verb8 are orned by Meant of' the 8Uffix -~
( -- ) att1xed
to the pertect1w
8t8 of the verb and the foUo1ng persnal d1.Dg" e.l.
,.
~-
~-o
2.
~-
-&-
-fj
-()
~-
~-o()
,.
'1be
Oll81on '
!!~~_!!:~~!
the perfect1 e
8es !
al1 tbree cla88e8
wrbs 18
d18cwsed
:1n
C1a8S Verb - SDple Fu'l;ure and SUbjunct1w.
u&~.
hope be
co
be d1sappo1nted.
'lhe above sentence i11u8trates tbe use of Subjunct1ve
'lhe S1Jple Fu,l;ure and SUbjunct1ve are formed
! -&6 and pu'l; before tbe
perfect1ve st8a
ors
qy means
the C1as8
verbs.
the 'Yerb.
231
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~~-!.:.~:.!
Class
verb8.
---- -_ .....
_----
Notatlon.
Beginn1ng '11th Unit 20 the per!ectlve te fonns ! the Class verbs will be given
1n the build-Up8 1n parentheses.

Fol1v1ng
18 the l1st
Class
verbs which have a1ready occurred 1n Units 1 through 19:
Verb
Perf .Ste
!or
--------------
~xoa.
~-&
.x~oa.
.-&
~o.
~-&
&-&.
MC-&
-&
..
.-&
f:~.
&W
\'.
-&
-&
~x",o.
~x..-&
-&
-&
~d..
~-&
..
-&
;",.
"&
&'.
a-&
,.
-&
vooc .
Vo-&
cm~.
cm~vb
.M~o.
.lp'&
&.
-&
'.
.-&
238
UNIT 19
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Translonl8tion Drill
--------------------
Change the tmderl1ned -verbs 1n the

change the direct object
oll1ng
sentences
the sentense 1nto the subject
trI
Actiw to Passive and
the new sentence.
~~~~~f~~! .
f
:re~!f~! 6 6 ..
~!~!f!!f2~~
-&faTpa.
'~~!!~2~~~ .
no6o ~~~E~~ 6 ..6 .
Vf. ~~~~ef~~~ 6 ~~.6 .

~~~~f~~ ~Ko
..
f ~~~~~ .
f ~~X~~~~
noTf.
f 2!~2~2~~!~ ~Ko .
6 '&.6 ~~fQ~~ 6 6 ~o.
~2~~~~~ . ..
f. ~~~!~~! 6 n. .
nf ~!E~~~! 6 . .
. ~ !~X~~E2~~~ .
~ !E~~_o 6 6 t.
f ~~2Xa~!~! 6 . .
.6 !!~!~X~\! '6 .
!eD~!~2~2!2Q~ 6 n. .
6 . 6 .6:
f . .
& .:
' ~x 6 :
.
noTf
f . . :
. .. . .:
. v f:
f. 6 . :
239
GREEK BASIC COURSE
L vL vLLv6 6 L vLv ;
~ a tL 6 ;
fL ~ LV;
L fL ~vLfv 6 ~ 6 ;
WAv
nOLav
L;
L ';
W
otKOyfVELa
L6 ~ L6 ~ VL6 ~ vf;
EtVaL f ~x fvv v~nv
.;
L .
YLa
6 .L6
240
GREEK
BASC
Unit
COURSE
2!D
't" 't"/'t"
't"6
(tbe) propert7. fua
'
(the) tie]d
., L, L6
Jabn. do you
L 6 6
.
80]d h1s property and tie]d
-&
-&
(
't"6
lcnw by !\ cbance
vho Oeorge
to1
't"ou;
't"6
20
(t.he)
't"6
't"
IE't"a.p(a
't"ou
't"OU
't"
It 1 _
V't".
a tru1t
CCIIIpJ\T,
he sold th. t8N to
[but]
dD t kr
(the) k1nd
'
( t 't" 't"
:18tab,
about t.be f1eld.
't"
't"(
not
i8tak8
ot 1Ibat
lDd
't"6
't";
!:.!:~~~!)5
't"
(the) apple
't" 't"&L
(the) orange
't"6
(t1'. ) pear
't"6
(the) t1g
't"6
(the) cherry
't" L
(the) peach
't"
(the) apricot
G REEK BASIC COURSE
bad
an
orta
1'ru1t,
L, L, VK, L,
oranges, pears, f'iga,
Lv .
nd
cherriB,
(tte) stup1d1ty,
EtVCXL L TtTOLO
~E & .
'
a p1ty tbat be
apple.,
peacbes
apricota.
'"
8uch
eo
811J1'
tbiD
_uch _ taa.
_ 81113' th1Dg to do .('he
de
It
_ big
stupid1ty' ).
f).&
be got scared
at the
Lv6, -,
~n"6
tbat
next; door (dj.), adjacent
6 6K~
(the) fara
~ ~
(tbe) 8te, rook
6, -,
6 .l
-6
-6
c:Ir7
~6 <
(the) p1ece ood
t.&" (L&)
to cat.eh, grab, .eize
'" cnL&
(the) 111"8
& f).& ~6~
't6
'tou 6't ~'tav
&'t 't !L"
lcn
that, b1t he
ne1ghboDg 18D
gt
vb1ch
scared vb8R tbe

u
rocq
and tall
dr7 1fOOd caugbt 111"8.
,n&.
'" LL
(tte) 8cwe, jU8ut1cat1aa,
pretext
'" ~o
'''tL !,
LL.
au't6 vL
L &L
& ! 't ~ox.

L6
C
...
-6
But frQ 1Ibat 'w heard th1s 18 on1y an

excw.
George
the countr,y
oe ant
to 8tay
1D
arr ore.
ovn
side b,. s1de,
cloe,
beside
G REEK BASIC COURSE
, & & & 'tt ,

a'tOU
&;:;
'tOU
'tOU
. an to ad bu1ld
a't~V 6 ,.
, 'tf.
au't6
T6'tE
0181
bow. D8t
l,y
(oo~)
&, , 't 6,
b18
to h1a brother'. :i tbe c1V.
'tf, -, -,
Tou
URIT 80
(,)
to
,'tt
Be l1k88 c1V
'6
1887.
!.
8d1t
.,
Be bu
becaua8 a UtU8
8d1tted
1t [h1 -e1.t] to
IUIIV' [people].
,-&6
probab:q
-&6
(the) tather-1n-la
"-&&
(tbe) 8Dther-4n-la
,-&6
,' -&
,' -&6
'tOU
ct.
,6 ,
tu
't6
't
't6
'tOU;
fpOU'tCI 't6 'tOU;
'' &
r,'tt
't6
",6
"oUa;
a;
l, &~, ",6;
;:; -&.
'.'
& 'tt n;
r,'t -&, & & & !;
8&
& 6o~
'tou
& ~ 6,;
& ',, 'ta,& , 1!~2!!!!.

u't,, -~,
-6
u'tf yuv !n~!~2~I~~ ,& 't~v 6,& 'tu.
!~_~~1!!2~ au'tou 'tou &pxatou ;:; ~'tav 't6.
Au't6 't6 u , &'t ~22!.!:1!!~~.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
taste, flavor, prett1Des8
6 L f~~1e~!~~2~ ~o.
L-L6, -,
-6
exceUent
- L L ~2~~!~!~~.
6--/6-
quant1ty,
aount
! - -vL;
-6 - L
grap8
'-6 -6 !~!~!!~e~ ~ - CL.
eapc1a11y
:2_~!~e~~!~ - - -LL L .
durat10n
!~!~_!~~_~1~E~~!~ - -LL & &
dur1ng
'L.
!1_~Qe!~~ & -
~.
o-~
bol1dq
-6 L 6 !~1~.
-6 &
V !Qe:~~2~~ -
XPLa'tOVYEvva.
l- (-)
to celebrat8
K~~ L 2!2_!e~~!~!.
-6 -cm .
:Q_!!!!2~ EtVaL L-6 - n6 .
YLaYL&
-&
UDcle
&

parent
OOL ElvaL ~~!e~~!Q.

-,
-,
tv ~!XE! - -.
urrled
uutil. uP to
- ~L
L6/L6
L /L
n1ece
- ty6VLa
grandch1l.dreD
grandsn
20
G REEK BASIC COUkSE
OY~
granddaughter
o~,
~K.
O~OK ~ K~~, ~o x,o~
~ o~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ o~ ~o.
~ , ~'x, ~ UK ~
u
~ ~K.
Eva ! o~c o6~~ ~ ~.
~ .
'~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~O .
~, ~ o~ ~o '.
~ ' ~
~.
~6, ~
~Yx ~o, ~ ~, ~ ~
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~l
~ ~ ~ 3 ~ '~ ~, o~o
,3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~o ~~ ~.
, ~,
~ o~ 3 ~o, ~ ~~ &, ~
3Ero
~~ 3, ~o t ~ ~ ~
1 ~ o~ ~;
'o~ ~ O~OK ~ K~;
! o~~
~ ;
o.'~ ~ ~;
t~ ~ ~ ~;
' ~ ~ ~ ~ o~y;
& ~;
~ ~ ;
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Granat1cal Notes
!~~_~~~!
Verb: Foration ! Perf'.'!ctive Stea.
!~!:!_~~~!:.~. Cl.ass Verb8.

In Note 6.2 1 was stated that 1II08t pred1ctable Class 1 verbs (8S far as the
tonatlon !
the1r Pertectie Bte 18 concerned) are those whose imperfect.ie te ends 1n
Here are
clase
ee
other categor1es oJ: lDore or less'pred1ctable'
perfective
(01' ,"",1
--, --, --, --
consonant clust.ers) to
md
--
dunge
Pert.St8
-----
'to cut'
ci
'to
o~
'to spead'
'to d.1818s'
6:
yc.
'to
Ipertect.i" Bte8
CD80aDt
66:-
r1'
ab8ion'
end1ng:1n
(01' cCD8CllWlt cluster
--,
--,
-)
to
--,--
and
8C
1n
'to teacb'
.ci
dt
'to
op8a'
'to
atcb'
'to
_b'
'to p3q'
8C1118
st._
enHn
retaiD the -
1n v-
are leas prediet.ableJ
6:-
'to send.'
'to bring'
'lhe
the -
to
and Bc others 1088 1 ccplet.e~, e.g.
'to los8'
--------.
cbange tbe1r t1nal
BClll tbe chap
ci
Note aO.1.2
-c-
8.1.
"icn
1Jprfecti'V8
f:1nal consonant
..
Verb
3)
of th1s
verba
,) IJpert8ct1ve st.ans 1n
a)
Btes
C1.a8S Verb8
[cration !
'lhese ten8 are:
the Perfective stems 1n Class
--, -6:- 01'
'V":Tbs d1SCU8Sed 1n ,5.,.
--.
246
GREEK BASIC COURSE
20
!~~_~:.!:.~_Class Verbs.
JOlliDg
frnat10n
are the D10st pred1ctab1e 1'OOt oonsonant changea vh1ch 1a k8 place :1n the
tbe perfect1ve
BtenB !
this ClaS8
verbs before the sutfix -fJ-/-'t- (Rote
19.,3)
~~~:
Verb
Perf .Stc
l'cm
----------
--
LL
'to be read'
LfJ/L't
--
--
(CL
''to be pla:yed'
LxfJi;;
--
-'1'-
'to be h1dden'
-&
-u-/Y /
-'1'-
'to be .pent'
ofJ
't(L
'to be 1eft'
't-&
--
change. to
-'1'-
--
--
--
L-. L
'to be taught'
LfJ
--
--
(L
'to be Opened t
LfJ
(L
''to be shown'
LxfJi;;
sero
--
2.
~_!!!_!!!~_~!!!!'!_!~_~!!_!!_!~~.
'Ihe - - the perfect1w (Active) Stes:1n - - aDd

sutf1x
18 reta1ned 111 the
-.1}- but
Btens
111
--,
- - 1 108t before the
e.g.
~!.!!~~!!_~~
(~)
aL.L
(~/-~)
uL 'to
(~)
LL
!2!:!_!~~
fJ
Verbs ClaS8
't6'tE
6't ~L
'Ihe
--
~;'1p1
Past
and the Past
Verb
't6
L6
Sjple
the
tense
forg1ven'
fJ/&
lau~ed
fJ/'t
at t
Past.
'tou
He got scuP.d 1fhen the ne1ghbor1ng farm

caU(;ll t f't..re
Cla~s Ver
persoral
be
'to be
'Pw'tLcX.
fJ
'to be 10ved'
18 fomed by' affixing the unstre8sed stiffu
end1n88 to the
Pt'rfe'ti\'C Be t:oras !
the
V'3~'[,
e.g.
~.
'tfJ
'tfJ
't fJ
'tfJ
'tfJ()
241
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~~~_!~~~!! Verb: Cla.88
Verbs - Cont1nuoU8 Past.
"". "" "" (""
'Jbe orange8
""
'Jbe
Verb8 111
Crete
been alway.
aous.
Cc:t1nu0U8
~21!!!.!:,
1. -6"()
Paat personal
-2Y1!g!
eld1ngs
Class
al'Id -~1!g!/2Yi!g.:;
verba are aa
Verbs 1n - .!:~1!C!!:
-6/-6""/-6& -."()
-.",,~/-.
2. -6"()
-6/-6-r/~&
-.()
-.""/-.""
3. -6""()
!.""() /!.""
-.""/)
-.""()
'lbese endings are att1xed to the
Dpertect1w .'t8
the verb.
Oorre1at1..5ubst1tut1oD
~-----------------------
Dr1U
-----
Use the word8 1n
paathes88
and change the tense
the underl1ned verbs accord1ng1y.
(. ~eX2~!g.: "" . ."" ( . ("")
!eyg~!fi!~ "" t. "" !ey~~~!g.!: .' 6 " (( ""( 6.).
!21!!~!!! & ~~.:~!; (&)

"". & !~e~~~~!2YY, (3 )
~~!2~!g! "" "" ",,6 &v.(-r)
!O-!~!D~! 6~ !Qy~!!. (.)

~o 6 ~y~~~~y!g!
. ( 6.)
~~~~! ~~ !~~e!~~! '",,6. ("")

"" & ~~!.!:1!~Y~ "" ""'""(",,. (.)
vO~ & f""d~ .'"" & ~2! ~o . ! .~
. ~ l~ "" X.~o.(.)
!!2Q21~~y ",,6.
(cf
.6)
~!~~g~1!~~~!!g.!: t. .. (.)
~!~~!~~Y . . (.)
~6 ~6 . ~~~.!:!l~~!g.!: a. (""OV 6)
.6 !~~e~~~ ~ 1 ;' 6.
("")
ry~l~!~!~ "" ; (.)

6 6 .( ye~!!~~~ ( ~~2e~~~~ f..
(""OV 6)
248
20
GREEK BASIC COURSE
" . &, !!c;!~!E!:Q!!J~!!~ . ( )
rt ~2~!!!~!!!~ . ()
Q1~2~2!!!!J~!:5 KaM(youmade out.well),
, . ( ).
! !!c;!!X!!J~~ XW. ( )
& !l!H!!~~!!! (you beba"ld)
. ()
~~!!~X!~!!~ f '~
!~~e~!!c;!! & .
()
( )
!~!~~~~ ' . ()
~Ex O ;
;
t ;
~ ;
6 ;
.;
'' , "
& ;
& ;
' ;
;
' & &;
' ( "
;
& ;
" {,;
{,;
GREEK BASIC COVRSE
REVIEW
----------
l"1U 1n each b:JlaDk v1th

DOUD. WM tb
appropr1ate
proper
or tbe
g1ven
the
r:~.
It
18 a
tbe art1cle.
ROIID8
6 .
'
'vC-<1
~30oo avoou
_________
v-~
~-o
~ - - 6.
K~ ,v -(
oov.
-v6
6 - - ,Cv
. -~ -.
' . 'K-~
'6
-6 ..
Avo6 .\ ''-'v-t-
'
, ~ ~- no- -6
vaVOLx
...
Wou6 ~ l) ~
--6
f nt~eua - ~ .- -6
,6.
<1
tC ~ aV-6 '4-.6
6 av~ot
<1.
, g.
v-u
~~
-.
- ---------
~ v-6
- ~- 6 ~ ~ovva - '_ 6 v
<1-
________ e
( )
~ :
.
...
. liPEaE ~ ' 6
fKava
v'.
~So
G REEK
a'rfJv ,

Rev1ew 16 - 20
-&
'
_________
COURSE
BSIC
'
-&
-&
' -&.
' ' !
~x
' o'~o.
-&

-&
'
' ~ ~
!,
6 !
. !
'-& &-&
~\)x
6-&
tXEL
& .
_ &
&
' -&.
~ -&
.
-&
-&
'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
fv f~ ~ ~ o~,
~~
ntpaofva
o~"
To-K~xo
"
~ ~~
t~
~ ~
~T ~~ ~T
T~
"
~ t~ L ~"
V~ ~ OT~
"
o~ ~~
' ~~ ~x ~
o~6
~ ~ ~ o~, t 6
"
fv tfOVv 6 ~ '
'
y~~ f
NAv
~T
6~
K~ x~ ~ ~o~ ."

~x6
x~6
~6 ~K ~~"
~~ ~ ~
'~6 ~ K~~o ~ no
&.
o~o
~o
no6"
f ~
.
"
'"
, ~ ~
."
&~6o
~ ~o"
~
lo~~
~T o~ ~ ."
txovv
_________ ,
K~
' . T~ ~T ~ ~ 'x~o"
o~y ~
__________
"
~6
~t/-u
"
tC1~ ~ ~
TH~ ~6o Vao ~ ~ 6
C1~fv ~"
'f)cn)
A~o!
~~
x~
,
,(
,
"
OTo~
x~
Rev1ew ,6 -
GREEK BASIC COURSE
20
.
'~ . .
30
'".
..
6 ~~o
~ .
.6. 6 l
'6
6.
' .. . ...
'
&3
'
~3o
________
. , . ' ~o
6.
6 6 .
~oo
U.
35
3 .
3 .
6 .
. 6 &3 '
_________
. . .
ooo.~
.
.
. .~.
. 36
.
6
'
'
3.
36
. . 6..
. .
25)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'' .& t _
A~6 ~6 '
L .
..
_________
L . .&.
-&
~x~;
'~6 ~6 ~. ~
.& ~ ..
w.
~ ~. ~ . ..
-&
' ~ O~
.&
A~o
~6
.6
.6
~o.
O~. ~ ~& .~ .
~6o
~ .
6. . ' '~ ~ 6. ~~

'
U. ~ . f
.6
" K~ .& 't' ..
r,
6 .
.6
6-&.
' .
~,
! . ~
. ~
&
( ( L ~
.'
.&.
-& L
G REEK BASIC
K~ (
L 6
&
~ 6.
L (L &
(L.
6
L.
LL L
'
(.
LL6
" L L
6 Lt ELvaL
6 6 (
LLL
vL6
L .
6 6 L
L L
& L 'i:L.
( L
L6.
20
---------.
__________
16 -
LL
n(L
~ L
Review
URSE
YLci
'.
L6
6
Verb8
- ~
L 6 6.
n(L .
L,
LL
6 &
&
6
(L .
(L
&
YLQ
~ n(L.
_.
&
6 .
L.
GREEK 8ASIC COURSE
&
p~.
~o~ .
~.
~& 6 ~ .
"& 6-& ~'
~ ~
"E~ o~
~Ko.
~o
'-& oo~
&

" .
oo~
yvpCCw
()
'
y~ ~
o~
n.
-&
ooo~
" ~
~,~ .
f . ..
~
~ ;
(6) .
OOK~.
&
xp~oy;
&& & 6
6,
&
.,
~ o~& .
\ &
r,
~y.
Oo~ . ~
~C~
6 .
100
o~.
tC~
&C
6 6 -&.
~x
.~6
._
OK~o.
t 6 .
.K~.

.,
o~
.e
K~
~ -&.
to make a
&
Spech
256
Reviev ,6 - 20
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Harrat1ve

Bto,
fort.ress
, -, -
bo,
, -, -
-,
h1story
vhoewr, vh1cbever
s1gn1f1cant, 1Jnportant
()
to ga1n, eam,
hungeo
th:1.rst
( ()
to del1ver, to
aston1.sbent,
0011181, p1llar
1n,
prof1t
sun'Dder
. . . .8I1t
1eac1.er,
begi.nn1ng,or1g1n, pr1nc1p1e
818.,.
ccmander
enev
1ead
bul1et
()
to Idll
3 (3)
to r8l1nd
generositq
al
&&
06
1821,
06 V
l 06.
6
3, .
3 .
' ~ 6
' ~ 3
~ '06 .
.
~
~oo
'
'
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~ '.
l , . .

'.
'
6 K~~ 6 .
': To~,oI. 6 6.
'
!. y~ , .
~ . ~x~o. .
n . .
L~ ~ ~. .'o~~
3~ ~ 6 ~ .
o~ ~o t ~oI. ' ~ x~o
6 ! i6.
: " 6:
.6: 6 . 6 .6: 6 ~ o~o

'.
':: ! ~o 6.
. ' 6nL.
l.:
~ :
6 . 6 6 : ~ ,
. o~ C .6n, ' ,_
o~,-x.6vL . 6: , .
~ W oV~.
6 K:z':K~ 6 : -6 . .Ai:;~
C2000 M..6:~ .. , f.o 6 " ~ .6 !)\_
'. ($ & (). .U~ !

T~ ~ ~ V 6 . ~~
i~o
YLA atatPE,
lTL ! L v& ~o~ 6
6 ~6 LL6
\
~ .:
Lv.
2.Se
UNIT 2'
G REEK BASIC COURSE
tbit 21
(the) barber shop
()
to have a ha1rcut
(1. )
(the) pr1est
, ,
beli'e,
George, ve'd bett.er t1Dd a
~oo &
barbershop and.go get a ha1rcut.
look ('are ) l1ke pr1esta.
t 6 &
We both
.
()
, -,
M~ .
(1)
tolaugh
-6
natural
'
8ince,
alnost,
6 , '
tor, because,
long ..
about
Don't laugh. It'. 8urpr1s1ng, 81nce e'"
t 6 ' 6
been 1n tb18 1sland
tor
alllost
a IIOnth.
i&
(the) ne1ghborhood
(the) tactory
~,
Wbat vou1d
,"OU 88
6 ,
the barbeJ'
6 ;
on
&,
sugrested V go
to
1n this ne1ghborbooci, the
next to the tactory1

(the) worker
1t
&
'lhe on1y th.1.ng 18 "e'l1 have to va1t
because there are always
SOMe
Uttle,
vorkers tbere.
(the) advantage
(the) d.isadvantage
259
GREEK BASIC COURSE
L oK~-
But there are
SO
advantages too.
't.
(the) barber
bes1deS, 1n
6 (6)
to cut
; ()
to sbave
L 't 6
fo
't&
'tf,v
to
'1he barber 18 pretty good and be81des vh11e
: o~ \) 6L
he 8& cutt1ng your ha1r and shaY1ng
.,
~& C~,
regard1ng, concem1ng, about
electi0D8
L't~6,
't6
poUt1cal
party. fact10n
'tf,v
~,
-f" -6
'Ko~
'twv
add1t1c
't&
au'twv
you 'U be able to hear tbe
o~ 't
op1n1aru
tboe8 ord1nar1 people about tbe eleCt10D8
~&o ~'t~
ad variow
pol1tical part188.
6'tC.
7tpOc (o"c)
(,)
t prok.
t 'to~~~ ~'t~
.oU
6~c .
't6
Ev
~co
't&
to cbal18up, r0U88
:1D 8f3 C88e. ~
You're row1ng V cur10aiV (v1th 70r ord8).
'to~c~I "'t~
Az;yq. . "
.. & mf,'t ' cU6
got to
to that b81'ber
bop
b.r aU . . . .
6 \i.
()
to be careful. to vatch out,

to pa; attentlon
capleteq
c~f, -f, -
1nd1.f'f'erent
~ (~)
to
escape. to &Up
(the) ord
~ ~
260
21
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6 L &~,
Be
L L,
caref'ul, hwever, not to get exc1teci

(.t,o be :1nd1f.ferent') because 1.f you let
someth1ng sUp (. e vord sUp out ! you').
(the) meber
! L L 6
".
or
Parl1aJent
they nsy !1nd out (Iunderstand ) tbat you lre
the brother
eber
ot Parl1cent.
6Lv L 6 ;
rL 6L~ L ~ !!;
!YLVE
nOL6
"6;
L "! 6L
''Av L~ !!, nOL6 ~, L, 6

6 L;
llOLa
~ ;
fxaVE rL, 6L ~xo " L;
~ L i;
6 L
" 6 LL ~2~~~e!2.
6 .L
beauv
! ?L n_g!e~~e~~g 3.
ln
b1gh soclev
L 6 ~~!~~ ~2~~~~!2!~!~~.
"~~~~~~~
t1Dor, _torq
"LC
aprtent
elevator
YLa
bow
6 6 tL " L'fL
()
L !~_~!g~!e!Q~g
,
to enter
.
apartment
- -
modem
261
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Q!_~!!2~Q~~ ~o ~ L ~
.
'&
haU, salon, parlor
ato&ouaa ~o
--In~n~~t~!I.,
,
~o
L ~L
vaiting
tL, -,
furn1shed
- !~_~~!~~ ~o . .
-6 ~.o
a piece
fudture
-H~ 'a ~ ~2~~!e~~~ ~
~e!~!:~
-&6
V o~6 ~ ~ & .
~~~~~~!!~!.
~L, -,
-6
collrtabe
A~ !~_!E~~~~~~!~ . ~ ~~ ~E!2~!~~.
't'6
~K.
't'6
LL
8III&ll table
~!_!2IX2! 't' ~o 't' .

't't
11&11
!~_~2~E~!~~
't' .
't'o.
pboto,
't'6 !~_X!!~!~ . L
p1ctre
co1!ture
!!j~-~~~~.

't'6
od.,
ta_h1CD
nav't'a ~2~Q!~~!~ ~!~~!~.
oua't'aKL
I8OU8tache
- L/ L
beard
't'6 -6 6. . ~~1~~!~.
,
- -L/(-
.)
poU:te
~ ~o Q~!~~!!~~~
L't'L,
-,
-6
talkatlve
262
UNIT
G REEK BASIC COURSE
21
theme, sUbject, matter,

question
athlet1cs, sport
o~ ~ ~2~~~~~~2i~
Ko~~K, -,
80cial
T~_Y~Y2~~~ ~ o.~ o~ .
e8nt,
tact
. . . ~~ ~!~QQ~~!~~~
&.~
a13osphere
. & 't ~ . Ko.~o . George,

. . . ..
. &.
" .
. .
E~ . . . ~ ~o~ o'O~K
x~C.~ . ~ . '..
M~ . p~
. ~ . Ko.~o ~ ~~ ~ . .
at-
& . ~ ~ . x~ .
~.
&6 . ~ '~K .
.K~ . ~ . .
o~K.
~K ~ 1p~
'OxO~ 'r . ~W
&~ .
., . , ~ ~K
o~ o.K~ ~.
~rge
. &~'~K K~'. . &. . .
M~~ ~
. &., o~n:, &n6, ~ ~o Ko~~K ., .
'.~
. . ! & . . x~. .~ . !b~.
.6 Ko~o . ~rge7
E~~ o.~o;
~ ".;
E~ &6 . ~K K.~ . .;
o~6 &K~ . oK'O~K ~~;

!;
aL&Ouaa
: .;
. . . . . . ~;
26J.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'\" '\" '\";
Oeorge
~ o~ '\"
'\"ou
~;
&'\" '\"~ & & '\" L;

Qruat10al
!2!:!_!!:.!.
Hotes
Houn: b1rd Declensin Neuter Nouns 1n
-.
We never
~ '\" ( .
'nosB are the best ld.D1a.
exanplB
'l11ese
'Ihe
shw the use
ccp18te declena1n
o~
tbose p].aces.
8&11
the 3rd declens10n neuter nouns 1n
parad1.1,11
t.h1.s
fam1~ !
nouns 18:
!!.
~.
'\"6
'\"ou
'\"
'\"6
!2!:!_!!:.! Houna ne
U8B
-.
TC \'\" '\"6 '\"6 /;
What 1dJ1d. ! fru1t d1d th18 ar have%
'\" '\" '\".
had 11
'Ibe ord
obj.et
of fru1t8.
SON
18 otten used 1%1 gen1t1 case even h 1 18 the subject or the
tbe 981'b. e.g.
'\" '\";
JdJId of th1ng8 are tbese%
TC '\" '\";
k1nd
' '\"
have a ! of th1Dp.
o~ th1D
othr construct1ons 8uch 8 ~x '\"

ued.
do you se.%
thoub 1888
frequentJ3r
are al80 po881ble.
!!!!.!!.%1
Verb: Cla88
Verb8 -
JJperat1ve.
'D 'ta1l1ar' Iperat1ve (1.e. 2Dd pers.S1%1g.) eu:Ung ! this Clas8 ! verb8 18
8Dd that ! the
.poute.
be aW.ar tr
:lausuaIllv based
pas8i'V8 perfect1'V8
Class
IJperat1ve (1 2d pers.P1ur.) 18
OD
the act1ve perfect1w
-'\".
Bte
and the poUte
ore
the
BteI.
verb
lI1dch do
have an act1ve
nmterpart
fom the1r famiUar
Iperat1'V8
the bas18 ! t.h8 root consonant cbanges discussed :1n 20.1.3
264
GREEK BASIC COURSE
...
ErJUmlea:
;;;;;,
Act.:f.ve
Perf.Ste Pass1ve Perf.Stem Fa1l1ar

---------------- ----------------- --------
Verb
---
Polite
~_A",,..,,.,_
&&-
~a_ao
Kx-&x~"
.&-
.&
tL
.&-
L~"C
-&-
!&
.".cx-.,-u...
:.
th1s c1ass haw 1rregu1ar
Sae erb8
~xol.
18
l,
xci~E
18
Note 21.11
------
2!:
Ad.jecUw:
Iperat1'V8
the
erb
'!be 'pollte I Dperati'V the wrb
cme
e.g. the
Iperat1ves
a&.
18
&TjO"'t
and the 'Iaillar'
&'t'C1.
'l'be US8
.,
-,
-6
'oneIa 01ID'.
. \ 't't \ l. '(. ant't'..Ie vant to go and build h1s wn hoU8e~

'D
pronOUD
adject1'V8 ., -,- 'cnB 1 alvays UBed together v1th the possess1ve
.,
C1otJetc.
and agrees v1th the noun 1t modit1es or the noun 1t re!ers to.
In the 1atter case 1 t corresponds in
neaning
to the &1g1ish possess1'V8
proun 'in ,
'youra ,
h1B , ete:.
~!!:
'~_~:~'i_~\! 6
!( m
brother.
6 l. ~:~'i.~~':.
Re 18
'1!._~:~'2._~~,: .
Your
. ~!:.~1_~~,:.
Sbe
18 yours.
6 . '(. ..
H1s
OIID
AV't'6
\:. . .
m.
on
daughter.
ch1ld.
lt 18 h1s.
~~_~!:.~C:~~'i .
Or on
. ~!:,~C:~J:~'i..
1b8y
~~_~I:.~~~_~~'!. .
Yur ovn daugtters.
V't' :. ~~~~'i_~~'i..
'lhey are 70U1'8.
..___I:.~~_:.c:~ . ..
'1he1r
. _:.~__:'~V_'i..
brothers.
are
oun.
om
ch11.dren.
'lhey are the1rs.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Reeponse E1erc1ae
-----------------
&& 6 6 ~ ;
6~ ~& a~& ;
~ 6 v ;
8v' 6 ;
E~
~K6 ;
E~ ~~6;
~& o~ & &~ & ~&;
O~ ~ 6 ~ K~6 ;
~
~ ~vxva
avT6
0'.6
o~o;
K~ ~ ~;
o~ 6 fv;
o~ ~ TOV ~~o;
~ ~napxovv ~& ~oK
~fv o~~K;
~~ ~6o ~K ~ ~ t~;
o~& ~ 6 ~o6 aVTOV ~O 6;
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Un1t
82
&'4. (.a&)
&, ~ .&c-. ~6o.
8&
to be 1n a buJ"I'7
6
ou rq
Dcm 't be 1n a 1nr17, Lak1.
U~t~.
22
nn oel"
(&)
b1' a
CU" ( . . . . . C8I' Ul
to anUc1pa_,to
et
& & ~6 "-EoPEto,
y.~
&a ~6 &.
34
I'U
11188 tbe pla8.
(tbe) bId Hta
~ ~. 6K.~. &~.
'u~6v ~6 6..
~&
d1dn It
knor
tbat
yu
1n aucb bad veather.
6.&~, -~, -
vere
01ng
\here
to traV81
are you
o1n82
1nternat1coal
(the) exh1b1t1oa,8ho,state81t,
report, copoa1t1oD
( tbe) a1.rport
&a.
~6 6.
~ .&'&.
tJ,
haw to catcb tbe bus, because otberv18e
6.
",
1n
toC8td
cut ;you').
8 (.
. ~ K~ & . ~6
the
Intenat10nal
Fa1r 1n
bessalon1k1.
have to be at tbe a1rport b.r eight.
6..
",
(tbe) epocb,
. . ~& & . &~
888.011, t1Je,
era
Do you think the p1aD.. are alvay8 crovded
267
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~ ~ ;
this
1J ! year~
lK,
lt
-c,
lt
(the) caU8e, reasn, mot1ve
!rn
!or that reason, because
()
to doubt
(the) bad veather
a~a ~ l&.
Mybe,
beC8U8e ! the
~a ~6 'a~
~ aaa.
veather.
rLa~C a
~6 ~aCL ~ ~pLO;
doubt
8Xh1b1t1cn.
tbi8 ewn1ng v1th th1a bad
Wb7 don't you
70U1' tr1p
unt.1l worToil
Ko~~
DQlUJense
to th1n1c too
~L (&)
a~6 (, , ~o
I8cb,
to pq
too
IIIch ter1
;aelt,
your8elf, h:1mself, etc.
~6 :~a
(the) queet1OD, po:lJlt, 188U8
(the) t1ancM
Ko~.
8 &~
f~.L ~6 a~6 .
Don't be 8~ ('don't aq 118_ l ). 1011
'
~6 :~ o~
kno dn ' C81'8 ~ucb tou ;y'_elf.
But the tact 18 that rq t1ano4e 18 11n
KL
~ ~6 6L.
tor
lnC
lnt
tbe a1rport..
OD,
~o
~ ~o, O~L :.
upn,
at 188t,
&~ (Ka&~)
()
dur1ng, by, under, tor
A1\V rate
to delay, deter
aJV' rate, do vhatever you vant (ltMnkl).
& Ka&~ !
lt
~a ~'oo .
don't vant to keep (Idelayl) you 80 that
you 111 miss the plane becaU8e
, -, -
exact
6, -, -
1JPB1
me
268
UNIT
GREEK BASIC COURSE
, .
Have a nice trip.
Run
,(
on t1Jne. because
~ .
yoar tiancee 18.
50
lao
on tbe
patJ,ent
&~ LL
1n 8DY c...
f ')
to
'
nLaorEUw OTL ElvaL
Don '
nL.
talJ
8.,. tbat.
POV.
~& & .
how 1mpatient
owr 8ga1D
Ob th. contraJ'7 bel1e...

In a;y cue. FOdb18
.he '. 'nI'7 pat.1ct.
' &~ LL. & (
that 1011 'n be
cntral'1
vL6, -~, -
22
w. 'U talk 1t
oer apjn vbD 0188
back.
,( ;
:
" 6 L 6:
L 6 &;
~ & ;
6 ~ L ~K 6 ,
YL6
';
( ~ 6:
& & 6 ;
6 ~;
& ' ';
N8n'at1"
& :!~_:!P.~i! ElvaL KXLVOUPYLa.

8treetcar
" & L !!e~~!~!!.

&L,
-,
lJ'
G REEK BASIC COURSE
6 ~~e~ L.
"H~o ~!!e1Y~~ x~.
(they) ensted
L, -, -
yellow, pale
3 ~!~~~y~!~y .
~3L (~33/~~)
~~ ~_~~~~!f~~~~'
to feel
luxury
L ~y ~1_~~e!~~~~.
~
sard1ne
" '6 3 ~~e~.

l.1ne, tall
~~~!~~~'
~L' (~L~)
to
part1cle used to express

certainty
6 vL !e~~~~~ ' .
6, -~,
-6
near, to approach
cce
the part
the speaker.
mad, 1n8ane, crQ1'
CL !~~~~~~~~.
6 L6 LO
ep1sode, 1nc1dent,
600 Lp o~-&o~
i!4Ig~~ & 6 .
~K/~Ko
occurrmce
1n va1n
(bu8) conductor
aya'L& L ~L ~.
~L,
-,
6 6
trolley bu8
YLa & ~~~~~~~!~.

aL
!!~e~ &
(KoK~)
~~
to be flattered
.
~ L6 ~~~~ .
~~~!~g !
YLa
v1ah
vere able
carriage, cart
6 CL .
L (L~) (2)
to start, to set out
EtvaL L 6 ~x~~ ~v&pnoL.

~xo,
-,
cah,
qu1et
6 6 ~L L ~~~~~e~.
3
vannth
22
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~ ~ .
, 3
~ 'cx\j.
~ , &
6, c c c.
'
, , ,
,. xU.
' -;'J (CX
xcx3 3.
~ (
& .
" , 3
' .
& ~ 6
.
.
ot
', a( 6
~ 6 ~o &
Ma& 6 ,
! '! 6 o.~
, 6 & & '.
& 6 ;
;
6 ;
! ~ 6 ;
K~ !~o ;
K~o ;
6 &;
an ;
Gruatical Hotes
...--------------
1!2..'t!_!!:.!. Adjectives: Adject1ves
1n
-.
'. '981")' pol1te
::71
GREEK BASIC COURSE
EtaaL L ~ .
Run 90 you '11 be (ex.act)on 1Je.
~ L~~L (.
Internat10nal Fa1r 1n 'lhe9saloniki.
h abo.. exanpl8 1nustrate the us ! adjectives 1n

adject1es
-, -, - ()l'd declens10n
1n katharevusa).
Saae ad.ject1ves 1n - sucb tor exapl &

1n - L6
'111
.. L6, LKTj (Clt
plural 81d1ngs
tor the neuter,
these adject1ves are
'polite' bave an alternate on
LXLa), 6. ( See a180 . 3.')
-ELtor
the Dl8aculJne
Pl.
L~
~~6
L&
~~o!
L~
~~L
L~\'
t&fL
~6
;&
L-&
'1he lcatbarews&
decleru10n
ot these adject1V88
111
be d1scussed 1n 1ater
unit.
Class verb8: Proh1b1t1ve IJperat1ve.
() ~x ~6o .
Dan run 80 t&stJ
K~() ~o ~(o~.
Don '
11 wn. anytb1.n1
'D8 prcb1b1t1v8 1Jnperat1ve 18 tcmDed b1 sane the ~( )
.... Preact
..
5.
!2..~_!!~!-Verb:
t8ll1n1ne and
put betore tb8 2Dd per-
(Ipertect1ve Aspect) or ad pere.Pert.5t8 lora (Pertect1ve A8pect).
_.). Verb: 'D erb ci
_.. ---
T6~E av~ci ~& K~tPLQ.
'Jbe perf8Ct1ve at.a orr ! th18 verb 1 ~

8..
A~~ci ~ci K~tPLQ
&ci
&Dd the CDt.1nuous Past 18
~x.
& xLp6.
o~ ~~o~o vo
~.
V~ ~~ ~ ~ K~!PLQ.
&ci
vci
'~~.
~_!!* 'D8 US8 ot the word ~.

'1he wo
plua
'1118 vorb tol1ow1ng L
18 used to expr8SS w1sh!'ul thinJdng.

may be
1 ther
1n the
Cont1nuOU
Past or 1n tho
Subjunct1vo.
L 6
~ '
nlpuaL
~6 (L.
w1sh
had been able to come
1 th yu
to
Greece last summer.
272
G REEK BASIC COURSE
. ~ ~ & !
1ah
~o 6 ~6 tL.
1 could go 111th
to
G'eeo
next.
8UIIIIerJ
- ~& ~~ ~
wE 6~ ~& !6
r~a~t 6
WpxotJv
.&
~ ~ ~.6~~ :
wExouv
~&
~.M &K~o
No~ ~~ ~ox K~ i . ~ ~~ ~ox

x~ ~ ! En'K ~uo;
~ ~ ~ ~.~~.
&o~o ~
&&~ ~~ ~~~~ o~O
NoE~ ~~ ~ !L & ~L~ &:

6 txE~E ~~6~ &o~o ~
lJ6a oto:
wHa~E o~I L&v &.:
~y~ ~~ L& NIxtaL ~
wAv
o~ & ~ ~E I~:
Ifo~ & ~
M61roLO
EUX~PL~O v6 '~ ~ C1:
2.,3
GREEK BASIC COURSE
't"6
't"6
't"..
(the) bakery . (. )
't"6
'L
(tbe) butcher ho (.)
't"6
'L
(the): !ru1t-vegetable store (. )
't"6
.'L
(the) grocery (.)
't"6
'L
(the) tWmnac,y
tfPE't"E nou
'L,
.'L
't"6
't"6
't".'L,
'L,
't"6
Do
know by
aJJ
chance, where a rbread
vemor r a rmeat vendor l
't"6
'L;
rgreen-grocerIs
shop , a rprovi.s1on store and a pharmac,y
't"6
(tbe) btcher shop
't"6
(tb8) f'X'u1t-nptab18 8tcn
or6
nX.KO
(tbe) g'OO8Z'7
8or or
.,
't"6
(tJ1e) baJce, own
u,
or6
't"6
You
lD8n
the bakery, the butcher 8hop, the tru1t
ud vegetable store and the groC81'7f
.;
(the) _arket
't"6
(tbe) t1sh urket
't"6
3u'L
(the) t1sh market (.)
. a't"6 xfv't"O "," , 't"

< ..
f't" 'L
3uo'L
TheyIre 1n the oenter
the market near
tbe t1sh market or n8h
dor 8 'lOU
aq.
't"
(the) town. aquare
(the) Twn Hall
G REEK BASIC C,-, URSE
UNIT 83
(the)
6 K~o ~ T~ ,
']he
K~ 'T~ ,
pbarac,y
the
Twn
1s
pier
the square, r1gbt. b8h1nd
Hall, near the
p1er.
T~ .
()
O~KT6/O~XT6, -~,
to
-6
open
x~T6, -~, -
cloaed
V ~ O~XT & y~;
How long
ar&
these stores
opent
y~
general:q
()
to close
TT~ 6 , ,
y~ .
genera1J,y they
oT6o~
6, -~,
acam.
depends on the store,

11
But
clo8e 1ate.
(th&) resort, pa
-6
y1:g
~ Ko~~K~ ~
1 us knof
x~
(adj.)
that the soc1al 111& 1n t.b1.8
r&eort beg1ns 1ate
n1ght.
~.
(the)
, ~ ~~o~
\lel1 then,
, y~ a
ork
ha t:1De
vake up in
order
do the people bere
to go to
orlc2
()T6~o, -, -
native, 1Dcal.
~~~o, -, -
accwted,
K~
l1lce you
118\1&1, U8ed to
27"5
GREEK BASIC COURSE
~6LOL K~ , '~6
~o LL.
'1he local people pretty ear11', but tbey
L VL~LOL.
donIt
n1nd;
tbey 1 re used to
L6~OL L L
major1ty
KL'~o , .
they get Up very
1.
But the
people here are etrangers and
late, l1ke you
, -, -
~L; ~6 ~;
cur1OU8, pecul1ar,
18 that 807 How d.o you
~~no ~.
8trange
JD8n
knv
etrDg8
that! What a
you are.
L ~~ K~o L , L, L, L
&.;
~ ~ ~~
~ ~~
~6 ~ .& ~& .&
~ ~ ~6
~ . ~ o..~ ~ ~ ~ o~o;
~ n&. 6 ~6 npt, .& & & ~ .& ~o

- '~ ~ ~6
&~no;
rLa~t ~6 V~6;
---Harra't1w
6 !~Xg!~
~6 ~~o.
~'i:/~
acc1dental1y
f ~~~! ~o 6 ~& ~ ~6~.

~a. (~-&)
!~_!2~!2 ~~
to
rem.eber,
to recaU
1aD1acape
6 t ~~ ~~!~~e~q! L.
~Lo, -, -
Vr1' grer1
urr 2)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
' ~
Hy!e!!.
6 /
6 ~~~!2~ .
6, -, -
steep
. . ~!!y!~e!l!!!
ver: beaut1!ul (poet.)
rQe~ '6 .. ~ & .
uoUDd
. ~~ef~!!!2'
va1k, St'oU
6 6 .6 . ..
6 ./
plane-tree
!e!!r2~~2~~!!y ..
()
(1)
to
_~!~~e!! . .
s1ng
gu1tar
~y~!e2'
6 .
~Q_~!e!!~ ~ 6.
a1r, v1rd
36 6
_811,
_~~e~~~ &' ..
6 .
per1'ue,
scent
ci18h ade
ot
fragr8DC8,
1ntest1ne
vouDd an a 8p1t
HH~ ~!!y!!!I!~eQ~y ..
()
to br1ng
bck
. ~e!!r~!!~!!!!'
.6/-
real1v
. . 6 ~y!!~yfi~!~ .
.
recoUectl
. ~~~~ ~~e!l!!!~
~ ,
~ ~ 2_~~~
1
a
81JJ>11'
beau~
Ood
~~!~ 6 .6 .6 1
. (.)
tc grant
()
to l ive agam
v ~ 5 '
~.
. .
6 6 . .
277
GREEK BASIC COURSE

( .
, '
~ ~ .
' ~ , , .
, ~,
'6
"
p~o,
A~o
:"
7C:~J
'
-"
c:r. , :-,
~ '
~ .
l ,
6
~o
'
~!_~-
.L
~ 6 ;
To~ & 6 ;
6 ~ 6 ;
~ ~ ;
U 6;
~ K~o 36 ;
L6v 6 , lv ;
! !L;
~ , ' L ;
r-t.1cal. Hotea
-----------------
~~~
Verba Past Part1c1ple.
& ~
Tbe va1 ting room 18
beau~
fum18hed..
~.!:~~!!?!'~~!I.
L ~~e~~~~~~~
In the townB there are
lII1V educated
people.
~v-&L.
0!78
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~ !
We d1dn 't knOlf that your 1'rleM
23
a.rr1ed.
!!!!~!E~~~~2~
'1he underl1ned vords 1n the
'1he Past Partlclples in
l1ke other adjectl 1n
8 a
sentences are
aboe
Part1c1ples.
bave gender
(o.()S , -
.()) and are
:1nf'lected
o.()S.
general rule tbe Greek past partlc1ple 18 ba8ed
n.
the Class
Verbs
(Puslw)
perfective stem of the verb and. 18 fomed ~ the addition ! the .uCf1x _, -,
-.
'1he last cn.scnan (or cnb1natlon ! to COMOMt) ! the st.. 18 elther dropped
or replaced accord1ng to the
follving
1) -& / -- or --&-/ -u--
aDi
ere usual1y dropped (Vith exception ! te8 1n -E'lJ-&-/-
--&-/-- t.he
Verb
'to marryI
'to be vr1tten
'to be spent '
rules:
'
--
ofthe
to
be
doubled), e.g.
~!:.~
~2~_~c1P!!
-&-
'arr1ed
-&-
'r1tten
/-
'
-&-
'pent
surf1- 18
disissed'-&-
2) --&-/-- are replaced ~
'
'di818sed'
--
'to be opened'
&-
'opened'
to
-&-
ugt
&,
'to be changed
-&-
'changed I
'to be 8ent. avay -&-
'sent.
-&-
'read.
d:yopaa&-
d:
'bought
'laughed at'
~)-~-&-/-C1'f-
be
tauht'
are replaced b7
'
'to be
'
to
nay
--
be bought I
'
to
be laughed
at'
4) --&- 18 dropped, e.g.
-&-
'to be loved'
-&-
r.
'loved'
'to be forgiven
-&-
'forgiven
'to be vashed'
-&-
'vashed'
'
'
279
GREEK BASIC COURSE
!!:.~~
Verb
cit; .
to
:.
'to be
~!!_!~~
be
Verb: Class
\) .
&~.
lSn
Verbs:
!!!~.!~~~!~~
-&-
-&-
'sent
It sees to me tbat be liws in h1s

~r1e8.
'1h8 Pertectie St8 10m ! the verb

is
'
Per1ctie teDa.
Irregular
etc.
:.
'to see is , ,
'irregular' beC8use does not have the suf't1x -&- (or - -) lIhich
1.8 characteristic ! perfective stIDS ! th1s class erbB.

tbe Cont1nuua Pa_t . 6 ( )
1he S1JIIple Past
and
are regular1y tored (or tbe Pert. St8 !orn and.
tbe Preseat reepectiw1y)

.tq otbr verb8 ccjugateel 11ke
~!~:1
are:
:.
()
'to
be glad'
6:.
()
to
be
ro:.
(.)
to
be drown8d.
V. .bt V8I'b8
'
lJIixed Ccrjup1J..on.
S088 Cla88 Y81'b8 l1b

on
t : .
tb81r Pertect1... Ste8
ons
to t1Dd ' 8d
l1ke the Clu8
'to
verbe descr1bed
go
.bove~
out l and other

e.g.
~-~~
mc
1be ~b
t.o
s1t ~ Ito
: .
re:1e l1J
lto
b8cae l beba.... like a
Clus 11
ClaS8
wrb ad t. wrb &-&:.
~b:
~y
-&
&-&
8 ~ 6 . . ..& '
'~;
2'80
G REEK BASIC COURSE
23
~ ~ K~~~ ~ ' ~
~ ~ ~, t ~~ ~K;
~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~
~~~~ ~
tpyaata
tpyaata
~ K~ & ~;
~ ~ t ;
O~& ~ ~ ~~o~& ~ ~ ;
~ ~vL ~;
~ & ~& ~o-K~K;
~ && o~;
~ ~ &&;
~ ~L;
~~ & ~ ~ ~L~~ ~
~'&t ~
~~K &~;
8&
~& ~ ~ ;
~ ~ ~ o~;
~ ~o ~ t;
~ ~ ~ ~;
~~ ,
~o vt
MoPEt~E
~ ~K ~ ~ ~
~ ;
~& ~ &6 o~~~
~ ~ ;
2.0,
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Un1t a4
Bu1c
D1a1op
Hel10J (on pbone), oCI8 1n (at
6
K~~o~~~6, -,
kDock), torard
real estate (j.)
-6v
K.~
Mr. 80-end-so
(O~K~)
to reDt
'6, ~~L~6 ~OU

K.~;
He1.1D1
~~ VL ~
lci
Real e8tate Of'tlce

1:1ke to reat 8D
ot Mr. 8o-and-eo1
apartaent.
~L.
-~ VO~K
(the) 8ect1cn) cii8Vlct
VOK ~6 ~~ 6
rr
Do you bave
~~L &;
partlcular 8ect1cn 1n
(I:1n what 8ecticn d.o 70U
ho1f 81V'
J'QCII8
"w 1t I )
a 8ect1on ot Ath8D8
~ K~oM
(tbe) bedroa
~66"
(the) 11\'iDg roca
(the) ci1n1ng 1'Oa

Ilci pre!er
~6aa ~ K~oM,
bedroClJl8,
c6, ~; ouctva
roc,
oloaaki,
and. we neeci t.bree
a large 11'Ving
ki tcben
8Dd
do you need1
~6
ci ~u ~6 L
1d
roc,
a ma1d 18
a din1ng
roc.
~L .
look (Reneral appearance) ,
~ SI
oons1derat1on
under (.).
'SLV
ur1er C81deratcn,
1n
282
GREEK BASIC COVRSE
, -,
24
e1pJ1th
(the) tloor, atory(ot a bu11d1ng)
&L,
' ' ~ ,
-,
a't6v
aV81lable, tree, V8CUt

1 knw one (, ba'V8
'tt, 6
't6
under COIlslderatlo')
OD the e1ghth floor an apartaent boua8,
6 &.
't6
0D8
but 1t'a
vacant
t.he present t1ae.
(the) ba t.hroca
't6
(the) garden
't't
(the ) terrace
nt'tL ' ~'t
But there 1a a house vltb everyth1ng you
&'t ! 't,
vant
't't.
md
be81dea [1 ba.] vo bathroas,
gard.eo an
't6
(the) church
(the) helght (lience)
&
't6
a terrace.
(t.he) nev
(tbe) ba1ce;r
't
(t.he) porch
tovards (.)
't !, '~
~ &
'tou
It's
6 't
ear tbe
clwrah t.he h1l1, ad tbe
vi8II toarda the ... [both] !rom tbe
6 't~v 't 6 't~v
ba1CC1Dies and tbe porch 1a beaut1ful.
& &.
'tt ()
't6
to cost
(the) reo
(~)
.
6 'tt
't6v
to exceed,
Very vell.
~6 'tt
4.000.-
('
8urp888
Hov uch does 1 cost a 1IIODt.h:
don't vant to pay more than l drachas.

the rent to exceed
d.rachaa' ).
28)
GREEK BASIC COURSE
&.
(the) heat1ng
~6 K~.6
(the) electr1c1ty
.~ . ~6
beCAUS8
~~ &., ~ K~.6 K.~..
you pay 80 mucb (nY), 1dth the
Mat~,
electr1dty, ew.
~x (-ro)
to
.OK~~~
(the) proprj tor, ownelr
()
to call back
"' t~.6
(the) (telephone) exten_1CXl
. ~ ~~ ~~ ~.~,
It
80 happ8
that r1gbt nov
& ~~ ~ .OK~~~
bu1; ' go1Dg
& . t~ ~. ~6
call you back.
"' . 045-136,t~.
number
a8
bappen
to call the
dcn ' knov 1t,
mer
Did you say
and
yr
telepbone
o4S-136, extene10n 2031
203;
t6:~
_ure:q, tor certa1n
"' U.o
(the) ontract
OK~o~
(the) ret.a1ner
()
to pay :1n adwnce tor,

to pq a d.epo1t CD
~ "'~ tt'-ro- ~ ~
go1Dg to caU 7011 th18
n6yU K~'5 ~,lx&
cert.a1D
"' ~ U.o "'
over,
o"'o~ . ~6 -
88
8Dd 11' 110
aft8r'Cl,
tor
u1 7., CC88
the contrac1o 8Dd pq a d8p081t
a reta1ner.
"'.
', "' .
~& "' .;
. ~ ~& ~ ..
6 ~. ~& ~x;
A~ . ~~ ., ~ .~;
284
21
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~~o~o ~~
~o~'~o ~&~o
~~ ~6 ~ ~~;
~ ~ ~~
~~ & ~o '~ K~ ~ ~;
6~~ ~ ;
OK~O ~ ~ ~ ;
K.~ & K~~ ~ ~ ~~;
& ~K ~ ~ ~o & ~ ~ ~~;
~ OK~o;
Narrat1".
------
' \ ~ !~:!~~!!~~~~~~~
~o ~ ~o.
Koo~ (Koo~)
(3)
~ ~~g1~~ ~o\ ~~
to sat18fy'
~ .
DC88s1v,
need
&u6~ o~ ~ !2_~~~2!.
Mo~ ~ ~'~OK~o, ~~~V~J~
OK~o.
~H& ~o !!E~!!~~E~
~&o.
()
to pay 1n advance
~OK~~ ~o\ ~ ~ ~E~~!~~~~!~~'

:!~g~QY~ ~ ~ & ~,
&~
1nadvance
&
~ &~o.
'Q_!~e~e~~ ~~ o~ ~ 6~ ~ o~O~Kc.
1n proport1on to
dOODlll,
jan1tor
~ ~g~Qe!!~e ~ ~~.
Ko~
rad1ator
8 &~ ~6 ~o ~o\ ~6 ~~~Q~~~

~&
Ko~K,
-,
regular, ord1Dary
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6 -& L ~~:E~~~~'
vasteful, extravagant.
~o, -, -
prodigal
" ,9o~ ~~_~~~~!!!fq~:~ ~ ' ~

.
() (1)
to sv1Jn, to bathe
6 ~o ~fe~:~QX:E~'
da:y and n1ght
!!~!!1f~ ~6 ~ ~o.
L
duck
'~ 8 ~!!}eQ.
~6 6
bab;y
A~ L '~ (~ !!~~~!f~1~.
~6 1t~L
vash1ng
ach1.M
"L 2!_~~21~~1 ~;; ~;; ~Lt L

L.
~L
lodger... tenant
EtvaL L ~o ( !e1q:E!~~2!.
Ln6 -
Chrut1an
~ ~!e~~~~:E~1 ~6 -& ~.
LaL (-&)
to ahare
~o ~ ~~22~.
~6 ~oo
expens8
extr.~g8Dce
L ~_~~:E~~.
vaste(of' -onBT etc.)
3 !~_e~!!e! EtvaL -&vL.
pelthouae
EtvaL ~Q_2~Q:Efe2 C1(~L L.

~o, -/-, -
S800nd
A~ ~_~~~~ EivaL 6~o.
sta1rway, sta1rs, 1adder
~:E!~!~~~ ~L( '~ ~

VVOLKta.
~(L
(X~La-&w)
8 ~ ~6 L~L6 .
to be bu1lt
L
~~~Q~~~~~
(
diff'1cult:r
2
GREEK BASIC COURSE
6 K~~o~~~K6 ~o ~o
O~K~ ~a~.
K.Maupfa
24
~ ~o , &f~
.uf ~ ~&o
& ! & ~6o Koo~ ~o ~ ~o.
~ ~ ~
~ &fuv ~ ~o ~ ~o ~ ~. O~ ~ ~
~a~ uo ! ~ yo~ ~ ~ ~ ~o ~o! ~
,
~ ~ K~~ ~ ~a~~,
OK~o.
o~,
Ko~ ~ npfnt~ ~ ! ~6~
oK~ OK~o~,
! ~6 ~ ~
~OK~~.
f ~ ~~~ o~ ~ ~~ OK~o ~6 OK~O
!~ K~6, & ~o ~ ~o K~ ~~.

~'~6 ~6 o~~o o~,
~6~~ ~ fv~ ! oK~O~K fv !~
~6 OK~O npfnE~ ~,
~ y~, ~ ~6
~&6 ~o &, a~o ~,
~6 ~f,
~6 K~~,
K.~..
~ y~ ~6 oy~6 ~o Ko~ ~ nfv~E f

y~po ~6 Ko~,
~ ~6 ~ ~ao ! ~o f
~ -~ ~ ~ f ~6 6,
~ 6 ! ~ & f ~6 ~~o.
~ ~ ~
K~' ~ oo~ &o~
o~o~ npfnE~ ! X~~~o o~p&~ ~ ~o ~ ~

~o
K~ ~~6 ~6 &f.
~6o~ ~ ~o
K.Maupfa
o~~o ~ ~~!
&fa.
M~KO o~ o~o 6 ~o ~ ~o l ~6~~ fv ~o fv

f ~ ~6~~ oo~~ ~6 vf
E~ ~ ~6
K.Mupfa ~o ~ ~o ~6 ~~~o ~6 K~~& ~6 f

oK~O~K ~ & &fv ~6 &f~
.
&fv oo~ ~o ~6 K~~o~~~ ~o ~o
K.Maupfa;
~o ~&o !~ ~6;
po&~ ;
K~ K~ ~ o~ ~o;
281
GREEK BASlC COURSE
v 6 LL;
6 tOtKLa L L;
6 ;
LL vL .;
" vLC 6 tOtKLO L 6 6 ;
Tt
L 6 L6 xapL;
rLaTt
tL 6;
L L ;
t , L;
Tt
nPOTLou L~~6L .;
rLaTt
nPOTLou 6;
LL~ ~ ~;
~L ;
~~~_~:1 Verb: Pret'1x
'aga1n .
' ~o .
~.
We 111 talJc
W3 ~
the
L.
L.
cae
bac:Jc.
to take her back to
hope J God vil1 grant DI8 to 11e aga1n

oenta.
those beauti!1I1
11luatrated b1' the above exap1 the verba vith the pre1"b: -
.an1ng to &1gl18h Ido so-and-eo aga1n , 11;0 re-do
'nd.s pref'1x 18
verba, e.g.
~
vanted
over aga1n vhen
ADer1ca.
about to go there aga:1n.
extree1y
'to t1nd aga1n',
'1;0 coe
'to g1ve back'

'to rebui1.d'
back aga1n',
11;0
re-take'
ued.
tL
'to recur l
'1;0
to
rearry
't rewr1te'
read aga1n'
'to rev1ve l
'to 1eam afresh',
vi th a great n\llllber
lto go ou aga:1n',
lto cla1J back l
in
soneth1ng.
producti ve :1n Greek, and can be

lto aga1n 1
CO8
'to speak again',

L
'to catch
aga1n', etc. etc.

8
G REEK BASIC COURSE
24
Verbs '1:>egiDning wi th a 'VOWel usually have this voel ass1Jn1lated ! th the /a-/ ! tbe
-
pret1x
e.g.
&
'to love'
'to love aga1n
'to
'to repurcbase'
&
'to
Opn'
'to reopen'
~o
'to
cae'
'to return '
etc.
Hote 24.2 Verb: Present Active Part.iciple

Mo~ ~ ~ ~o~o,
You can driw th18 car ('take it')
o~ o~o.
Th1a example il1uBtrates the use
by add1ng the su1'tix -o~
stem
pay1.ng
ot
a down-payaent.
Present Active Participle, vhich 1&
(Class Verbs) and -v~c:
one
(C1aas 11 Verbs) to the Present
the verb.
7be Present Act1ve Part1ciple mean8 on doing ao-and-eo' and 1& :1Ddecl1nable.
correspond1ng katbarevuaa
F.xanples:
:n,
o~,
vhich iB decl.1nable,
('1'be
be d18CUS8~ 1n later unit8).
~o~, .~, ~
etc.
. . ~ ~
M~ ~. ~ ..
'' ~ ~., . ~6 ~ ;
~. fXE. ~ ~. ~ ~ ..
~ x~~ ~ ~ ~.;
~ ~ ~ ~ o~o . ~ ~. ~ . ~6 ., ;
~ ~ . ~o,O
~ . ~., . ;
'' ~ o~o,, ~x. & ~ o~o,;
'x~ & '1' ,, ~ ~ ;

tu ~. f~ ~ ' ~ ~' ;
'x~ ;
GREEK BASIC COURSE
U ~6 ~;
' ;
~~ ~~ ~o ~6 ~~ ! ~;
" ~ ~~ . :> ~ ~, ~
~~ ~ ~~~ ! ~;
~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~o~ ~o~o~ ~6 ~~
3, ~'~ ~ ~;
8 ~ x~ o~ ~o 6 6 ~ ~
~ oo~ ~ l6 ~o 6;
~, . ~, ( oo~ ~~
~~ ' ~ ~
o~6 ~ 6 ,
6 ~, ~ ...
~90
GREEK BASIC COURSE
Part
nOL6v
L6
as
~.
Cae
on 1n please.
doctor do
j"OU
Take
8 8.
Wh1ch
have an appo1ntment 1 tht
a patient
~6o
(the) doctor (general pract1 tiaaer)
(the) surgeon
6 ~6o, ~
W1th tbe genera1 practitioner, but IId
alo
L lJ 6 npw'Cxt
l1ke to know when (Iwhlch houra ) the
L.
surgeon recelws [pat1ents] 1n the o1'1ng.
~Q2'Q~Q~Q!,;
.6 L
Dr.(IMr') Papadopoulos th.atter
!.
2.p.JI1.
()
to subm1t, to prU8Dt, sugpat
~ . L
~;
Hwever IId
questions now.
'~;
, -,
l1ke to 88k (Isubm1t I )
70U
What 1 your rw1 Where
do you work?
-6
rural, agr1cultural
~/LL
(the) 1naurance, aecur1 ty
6 :
(the) c8sh1er Is off1ce
(the) health
L Lv.
8Q118
(}oty
nae
18] Prak81tel1s Triandafilu.
work
'
at the Agricultural Bank and bave health
L 6 t
1nsurance wi th the bank.
.
2.'<}1
GREEK BASIC COURSE
.fv, -, -
1n8ured
6 '
(tbe) 8stab1i8bent,1nat1tut1on
6 Uu ..
Hat10nal SOC1al Inauranc8
~ (...)
(.I..)
f & .fv 6 Uu .-
You are not 1nsured 1f1tb the Nat10nal
. "A~;
., -,
Soc1al ~OO7
public
,
~o, ~&T ...
W 18 tar publ1c
S8rvant,
vorkers,
etc.
n
------
Part.
6 .,
" &..
.f. (&)
to be bon1
(the) Je&r (.)
& & 6
. .
All r1&ht.
~;
16 t &;
NoW' can ta_ dow1 tbe hiat.0J7
your 1l1ness.
old are
OU7
born :1n
C1P'U8
Wber8 vere
ou
bornf
"f '/ . 45
and _
4S
)"8ar8
old.
&
to BUtfer, to be 111
6., -, -
chron1c
~ &f./6 (.)/
(the) 11lnoes, s1ckness
6 &.;
Do
OU
have
ary chrn1c
(.)
di8oas8s7
GREEK BASIC COURSE
as
6 ~~ 8~/6 o~
86
~Ox~.
6 ~~ .
~Ex ~&
nol
Thank Ood,
'.
in retv good health.
.
6
here and there, trc:a
~ -& ~n&
artbr1ti8
()
(,)
t1Je
to tJM
to get 01der
6 ~ O~~ -6 ~x
'1he
on~
th1ng 18 that f'rn t1e to t1e
sutter trca arthr1t1c pa1ns.
~o~ 6 6 -&~~~.
, ~.
kDw,
1fe're
1D
oldJ
(exac~)
are yuu
lb nor7
you
~2q2~~~,
r. &-& ~;
Wb8re
do you have pa1nt
~ ;
(the) pa1n
~6 ~ox~
(tbe) atacb
(the) headache
~&
(the) 1feakne88, 1Dii8po81t1oo
A~ ~ ~~ 6 ~6
'l'h18 very
om
ox~, ~
8tcaCb,
~&.
1feakneS8.
have
8C
a headache and a k1nd
betore (.)
6 6
a JDOntb a80 (.)
~' (~)
toexaine
(S1e
P8stz
pa1n 1n rq
! gmeral
~)
~6
, 6 6
\the) ulcer
~6 -
torgot to tell you that
had a med1cal
29.3
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ex.arinat1on
month ago and. vas to1d had ulcers.

vh1ch
but, w, then
, -, -
('they examined. me') abroad a
(the) appeDtic1t1s
( (~)
to be operated
(the) cOMp11cat1on
(,
Now, 1n addit10n to a11 th1s
haveJ
&
append1c1tis vhich thq to1d me
6 &6
be operated. on
because ot.henD.se 1t ma;y cause

('which
&hould
mut be
a& for the rest,
operated')
copl1cat1ons.
other1se
Otherv1Be rq health 18 excellent.
(the) doctor's off1ce
(&)

to und.reS8 , oMselt
Yes,
&.
Cn
understand...
1nto the doctor's
office and take ofl your clothes.
(&)
to get
ch1ef, bossJ superior
(the) head nurse
(the) pre&sure
(the) n1crobiologist
(the) analys1s
6 & & ~& - 8 as
re~
you're ready the head nurse
111
come and take your [bloocL] preSBure and
6 -
anaes.
nicrobiolog1st
Vi11
ca
for various
?94
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Part
~~/~~
late17, recent!7
~6 a
(the) b100d
~& {
(the) ur1ne
K&~ ~~ &L a~o
Have yoo bad
of
25
your blood
and
ur1ne analy8ed
recent:q!
K~.oy
X-rq
(the)
~6 L&
(the) card1ogr_
~OXL ~ ~~.
L ~6,
~Lt
8&
~~,
& &
recent!7.
an X-ray
l1ke 1t po8s1ble to
'd
lfI1
lng
lug
and a card.1ogr...
L&.
(, f
prev10us
Mo~ & &~ n.
&
! ~6 ( L&
You can
the
X-rq~ but
"e have your
pre.LoU8 cardiogram.
&
(the) col1eague
L6
(the) card101og1st
(the) eftort
f tL ~6
1 ' 8
&6 L6 .
orth h1le
Our col1eague Dr.Pon1r1d1s the card1olog1st
6L ~6 f~L f ~x
ha8
~ .
anyth1ng rrongJ.
tL ~6 &
& ~o.
jwt
8ent
to
and 1'00 don't bave
It'_ not worth vhUe
talc1ng another one.
295
GREEK BASIC COlTRSE
()
to Cough
-, -
has a cold
on bo
t ~ . ~
;
But YOU 're cough1ng a lot. PerbapJ 1011
hve
a cold7
no'
(the) 1ntluenza
, -, -
IU.gh (.)
~~
(the) feV81"
! &, ~&K~.
o~~ ~~.
juat a Uttle b1t.

had fiu
rorgot to tel1 you
and a h:1gh fever tbough.
(the) a8p1r1n
~ &
(the) 1II8d1c1ne, drug
(the) neck,. tbroat
Ko&o~ (Ko~)
to get t1red
~K, -, -
tiDy, ver,
~K ~ ~
But
& ~& ~ ~6 ~ ~
for
~.
& o&o~ ~
took s8V81"al
v
sall
asp1r1nJ
and . . . 88d.ic1ne
tbroat and feel better nOlf, but
get t.1red
VfI'
eaei11'.
~K6.
(~)
to 118
dorn
~ ~
1n the
eant1Je
~ ~6~o
(the) thennomet.er
T~~ ~ ~ t~
Then Ue dow for a vh1le and Open your I1IOUth,
that, 1n the
meant.:me, the mr lD8,1 take
~ ~ , ~ ~~
80
~ ~ ~~6~o.
your teperature ('put the thermet.er).
()
to go up, to
(the) teperature
~oK
~oK
r1S8
Your temperature 18 a 11ttle IU.gh, but
GREEK BASIC COURSE
.&;..
tIIIT a5
doesnlt _tter.
.&&~o, -, -
& .&
YOU
. & .&~o.
M~
11;1.
4&, & . &.

.6 .
~ .
becau.e
Don t
.~6 &
NOIf
X~
~.K.
teel
you re 1n gqod
leav1Dg.
you 1n a
:Lnu.
aod
8bape
you are a I1tUe 1Dd18poMd.
1107.
lre 1n
he
bape.
doctor v1ll
GoodV.
and
..-m.
hope you 111
aga1n.
Or_t1ca1. Hotes
-----------------
~~_!~~!. H1aerala 0rd1nal Hueral8.
.~~.o ~ &.
vant a tir8t clu. t1cket.
' '. ~6 ...
knv ot OD th. e1ghth tloo:r.
h.
ord:1nal maerals are
~o
,.t
~o
8d
~~o
)rd
~~~o
4th
~o
5th
K~o
6th
7th
8th
lv~
9th
Ka~o
10th
Ka~o/~Ka~o
11th
a~o
12th
Ka~o ~~o
13th
Ko~6
20th
Ko~6 ~o
21
297
GREEK BASIC ~OURSE
-r
2211d
30th
40th
Soth
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
121st
..6
aooth
..6
)OOth
..6
1000th
. ..6
aoooth
...6
. ..6
10000th
...6
100000th
.6
Ord.1nal
n\n8ral
1000000th
are deOl1ned 1n all tbree gender8 l1ke 8djectlvea 1n -
-,
-.
~~~-~~
~!..C!!
.-u.Ko6o
obstetrlc1an-necologist
&
o)itta1Jlog1rt.
.6
otolar1ngolog18t
ped1atr1c18
det18t
})81'ch1atr1rt.
6 ..
Matennt 1
6 u.Lv
Mental Inatitut1on:
. ..
Neurolog1c1.
Cl1nic
G REEK BASIC COURSE
25
Patlent8
-------
&
neurot.:1c
cjoa&
peychopatb
D1sea_e_
------
aeles
..
ch1cken
't":'t",
hepat.:1t1a
uyo
hea:rt att8ck
cancer
U_etul words
----------
l:,
(surg1cal) operat1on
di.fterence
't"a
&,
shell1'1sh
't"a
v,
usaels
't"a
't",
rster&
d1rV
otten
't"v
betreen
&v, (&&)
to be cured
va, (&)
to be treated (Pat1ent )
(o'G)
to
V't"
(vcj)
to cowr
&1'0111
~~!..!~!!!
, ;
"Haaa't"av nO't"f
v ~'t";
t't";
't" u 't"v ,'t"v;
"'t"
nO't"f
" ,
rf
't"t
l:,,&;
'
't";
,6 : 't";
't"E
't"t
~ ,;
GREEK BASIC COURSE
& ~x;
&& ;
L 6 6;
~ & & ~o 6 6;
& & & L;

& ~ &, & , .6
6 ;
CC ~ ';
~ 6 &6 6 ;
& & & t 6;
& & 6 & & oK~;
6 ;
& && ;
& & & ;
~o &L;
t &;
& && ~ '&;
& & & &&
6 (, , ...) 6 & ;
300
Review
G REEK BASIC COURSE
21 - 2$
REVIEW
Ih1ts
21-25
Rev1w
F1ll 1n each bla.nk w1tb the proper !orm

p~ v~ f
o~
Drills
!
the vcrd given
the r1ght.
no~f ~ ~o.
~ ~ 3.
Moa
'v~6 oU~E
~ ' ~
ocx
.
~ o~ 3
.
o~ ~o ~ ~6o .
3 ~ tL ~o
__ ~
o~.
~ 3 ~K
.
To~
o~
p~
~.
~a
ii
o~
~6
~ 3
o~.
~o
&
o~
~o.
.
v~o~o ~~ ~ ~o
__________
~6o v~ ~ a~~ ~
o~o
'
p~
~.
o~
~o~ ~~, ~ ~o!
o~
~o
v~
&
~6 .
6 ~~ ~o ~
'3
Av~ ~ ;
3~
~o.
ocx
~ ~o.
A~ o~o 8.
~ ;
}1
GREEK BASIC COURSE
.
' .6 : ., . . .
.6
! ~.
.6
" ~. .6 ! n . . :
, .
. . . '. .
--------
K&~ ! ... .
(.
.6. . ., . . .6 , ..
0.1.
.6
.6
. . . K.'f.a. 6 '
.6 L.
6 . (. .~
.
!X~o..
.'6
&
.6
.-
..
.6
~ .6 o~ .
V. .6
Av.6 .6
..
. ~6o .
ci.
.
. . . . -
~o.
.".
f
(.6)
. & . ( .
.~ . .
'.6
.6
6.000
~xo
.-
' .
.(./.t.
6 .
~o
.1..
.(
...
.
&
1965.
& L ~ ~
..
~o.,
~x. .(..
. 6 ...
.(.
302
Reiew 21 - 25
GREEK BASIC COURSE
'
l%
6.
' ,
6 -
.
K~ ~
'
- .
6: .
.
'
6 ~
~o
~~WO
' ~.
Narrative
~ .
~.
~* , ! ~xo
.
'
, .
( ~
, ,
8 6.
~o6 , ,
, ... 8 .
~.
~,
( ~xo ,
...
( '
~ ~WO
~o , o~,
.
*Athens 1n kathareusa 1s l &

303
G REEK BASIC COURSE
',, .-&.. ~
. 6 . , . C .
6 . .6 '.
-& ' . .
& ~~
~, ~ . 6 U.
. . . Kow ~ ~
. .
.
nEPVOUV
-& t
. .
. ,
6 . ~o.
~
. , .
~ . ' .
' ., . ' .
. u ' ..
'
lxovv
. , t- '~ 6
. . . l. ~ .
vo ~ ~xo .
~t , K~ .
. nOUV .
.~
~,
. ,
' ' -&. . .
. ,
.. .
.U . .
- ' . .. ,
~
~
. .
-&
..
-&. . !
~o .
u . ~*.*.
.~ . . ~K .
..
*
**
**.
. .
.6
psycholog1oa1
!rn tU
-&, ~
.-
proble
to t1Jne
an Athenian
Review a, - a$
G REEK BASIC COURSE
. 6 6" .
W1nd your vatch,
, . .
1t's out order, 1t'8 not. runrdng "811.
6 .6 . .
Mine 1s too !ast.
' . .
Mine 18
( : .;
81011.
What ~ 18 it7
. !
1t'8 9:00 a.m.
.'.V
9:30
9:45
'0:10
10:,$
& ".V
10':30
l'.v
1~:30
12:00
& ".V 6 .
12:30 ..
noon
. '.V
1:30
6 '.V
2:30
t .V
3130
. .V 6 6
4:)0 ..
$1)0
".V
6:)0
'.V
7:30
K'.V
6:)0.
lvvfa
'.
bK
9:25
,2:00 JII1dn1gbt
5:00 ..
GREEK BASIC COURSE
GLOSSARY
(~6)
()
17
()
stat.ue
-&6:"
love
to love
IIIrket
place
. (~)
~
(~)
22
()
caUM, reason, IIIOt1ve
eternal
&
( )
attache
sti11, yct, 80re
t.~
. ()
tal'lD
to feel
hear, to
expen8i"ene88 ,
.6
rral,
~.a ()
...",., per:1 t, l1cene
xact
~y
expen8i"e
/& ()
s1ster
"
exactly'
. ()
Acropol1s
~" ()
XorY
~" (~)
8&1t
&. ()
truth,
but
agr1cult\l1"Ii
o~ ()
head nurse
6/
()
.a-& ()
brother
eae,
exactea.
tn.ly,
~","6
otheri8e
. ","
anymore
&
other
a1r,
indeed
1rd1a-
.&-&-
()
lt
1nd
11
to change
. ()
(~)
()
carrlage, cart
()
tra1n
()
av1ation
..
Aericm
"-& ()
Athena
, .
AJIIerican
"
Amer1ca
-&. ()
(adj.)
-&. ()
aWetlcs, sport
~ately
-& ()
hall, parlor
:~~o
lnnumerable
(~)
blood
22
doubt
306
G REEK BASIC COURSE
1f
! :
although
a&
:
ci
16
to put
(~)
.....t.,
&K~oo()
(~6)
&:
()
.
:
()
()
need
p2'Cp0rt10n
(~)
ch1cken
81ply
n6
con",ment OK~
to 1eYe
to cl1Jllb up
contort
1e1aUl"8,
14
1nd1apeD8able
noo~
to
!.
aa~o
v81t1ng
deprt,
()
to . . . . .
oo~oa.
to
.&
16
recol1eC10n
25
a~
6"a (~6)
contort.ab1e,
1nd1ttent
8l1B18
:czn6
18
to grant
d:n6
palaee
1
&.
poatpone
23
orr7
18
18
17
to obta1n, aaqu1re
no~.a&
18
t.o
8307, bet1
' ()
" ( )
6~oo
a(;
16
to dec1de
.a (~)
nephen
.&/.ci ()
mece
tomght
.6/-
nephef
cipyci
1.te
.6
and niece8
(6)
!v-&no
c1(
(6)
huun
23
c1o.K~6
&..
()
~&.
()
be1ng, peop1.e
open
(6)
to ...01d
10
to l1ke
&.n& (~ci)
arthr1t18
.&6
nU8t:er
(6)
open, 11&ht (oolor)
c1."
to the 1eft
c1K~&
sutt1c181to17, eOI1gb
lIIeet1ng
K~6
autt1c1ent, Hyval
6.
~(o
&~:/!a
25
1n
char~e
ale, bU8b8d, un
&./( (~6)
un6
ip.t1ent
!co
111
: ()
valU8
~ono.o (~6)
b8kery
to be vort.b
anc1ent
vorth
a.6~/-~~a ()
Mq1y
(;
11
.o:~o
..a~.6
(6)
8eeir:
8I'\IJ' ott1cer
GREEK BASIC <=OURSE
()
beginnin~,
6 ()
leader
begin, start
('t6)
e1.r
-&.a ()
111ness
-&~ ()
sick person, patient
&
ugly
-& (6)
depth
. ()
asplr1n
()
su1t.case
vh1 te
cotton (adj.)
d:'tvj-
policeman
6 .
autl\ority
't
't
pol1cean
()
. 1..
traff1c
porter
. (6)
pear
()
'tv
:-&6 ()
1nsurance, security
()
('t6)
16
sleeping car
18,
to put,
('t6 )
ahip
..
18
17
to torture
be bored
16
to take out
15
to go out
sure
insured
certainly
certainly
,- ()
pasol1ne
be w1 t.h
't ()
atD08phere
ind1. vidual
't'V ()
miatortue
..
22
to be
egg
. ( )
(6 )
book
1.0 ( v )
tomoITOV
av'tt ('t6)
ear
QV'tOK . 't .'t .6
pertaining to
V't't{) (~6)
car
-& . ~ )
V't6
this, h8, it
-&
't~
unbel1~b1y
tc. leave, abandon, 1et
after, s1nce
( )
\.
19
6 .
()
&'tOo ( )
('t6)
('t6)
~I
\
6
()
17
h1.gt
soc1ety
('t6)
25
apr:l.cot
()
cour,h
hury
visa
()
atupid1ty
to
()
('t6)
('t6)
help, a1d
to place
asa18t, help
member
parl1ament
mount81n
('t6 )
butter
eveninp;
evening (adj.)
308
G REEK BASIC COURSE
14
10
()
to be found
for
to f1nd
()
grandnother
rain
hy
d1rty
()
doctor
to
()
()
a1ter
1111lk
()
8\f8ta
France
()
:Janguage
()
op1n1n
France
()
11
to
rrenchan
()
becoe
()
()
15
brother-1n-la, gI'OOIII
I:nov,
to be
acqua1ntance
knon
( )
()
fact, event
( )
taste
h1, ROOd-by
()
t1e
()
ne1ghboIood
()
letter
tolaugh
( )
tull
! ()
berd
25
21
()
.,.
()
25
()
()
parents
() stanp
()
off1ce
12
to vr1te
fast
genera1ly
()
1ntluenza
pneroad:ty
()
to be bom
C ()
v1fe, olll8n
to tU1T. about, return
()
Geran
()
Gean
to f7,8t older
25
aca1ted
C ( )
to undress OD8sel!
recognize
()
old
healthy
tasty
()
farer
18
(adj.)
around
/ ( ) toe, f1nger
()
but, , then
309
GREEK BASIC COURSE
to shOW',
diplay
.. ()
duration
..
n1neteen
f.
13
during
to lsst
.''. ()
fun
seventeen
.'WO'. ()
crossing
81gbteen
.'
tlf't.een
. ()
difference
tourteen
..6
dUferent
th1rteen
various
(6)
package
not
.3
(6)
intemat10nal
()
.-&.
to the right
(6)
slcin, leather
()
young lad;y
..
second
to recei ve, accept..>
addt
that
()
ton
hall
6.
publlc
address
right,
la
,ou are ri ght
()
pretext, jU8t11'1cation,
XCUS8
.'
()
~x
Monday
17
outlet, a1temative
(6)
()
advert1 se
to disagree
21
f/()
15
to s&y
(6)
.1ye!'
o~B ovn
to giTe
..
because
side-by-side
beslde
to read
next door
..() (6)
passport.
..
diplonatic
.3.
svailable
..6
.f ()
vacation
. ()
interruption
()
.6..
to interrupt
decorat-ed
. . (6)
intermission, break
()
17
..' ()
a:artment
O'W-
d1ploat1c
(a4j.)
corps
(..)
(6)
t.h1r8t.
be thirsty
to try, to
(6)
s~ple,
taste
do.ar
t-ooth
3,0
(,
wcrk, job
11
( ,)
LK
~1
REK
work
B.\SI:
COURSE
-&
national
()
k1nd
"
dramatic
..
twenty
dr.achma
to bo
()
road
..()
( )
coolness
/- ()
bus conductor
/- ()
8tren!!:th, power
' '
e1ther., or
strongly, louder
!rom
stron!!:
there
to
Lv
that (008)
di f!1cul ty , troub1e
-&.
d.i!!icult
( ()
church
(6)
accident, mds!ortune
elect10na
unfortWlately
()
tvele
17
: ()
roCIII
()
()
()
exh1b1t1on
( )
cho1ce
to 8Wl'8c1ate
besid8S, Ucept
()
t1cket
~cer
( )
Greece
1!
"/()
G. .
:eselt
(/(
Geek woman
6: ()
week
()
()
rranddaughter
6 ()
grandchlldren
.6
()
grand80n
(/(
17
( ()
(
approve
cperation
25 to be operated
()
Greek (adj.)
()
12
1.0 ( )
Greek lan!!:U8re
hope
to hope
()
()
coerce
bussinessman
.
hello~ cOllle 1 .
(6)
soil, earth, ,round
here
. ()
interest
~ ~ntereat
custom
:../.
8Qmeone
3"
GREEK BASIC COURSE
()
lVOCKLO(V)
~L
()
lIIean
rent
L6L() ()
incident, recurrence
upon, during, for
lodger, tenant
eleven
L ()
passenger
1ntense
CL ()
1nf1uence
1JpBBo
L(
dangerous
cous1n (F)
furthemore
L
1';
()
()
cou8in
LL
excellent
3:
10
~,
~oo()
(6)
o~ {)
\t
11
furniture
for that reason,
8180, same to )'OU
bec8Use
L' L
bes1des
('L ()
V1s1t
anyvy
L'
depends
suddenly
furn1shed
25
p1ece
( )
complication
surely
L ( )
L ()
L 17
()
to
exanine
expla1n
L't"
12
11
()
V1sit
c n.e back, return
lIIoneyorder
LL!-
sk111
last, at
ay
()
six
expense
L ()
succeS8
countl'7 s1de
epoch, seon
8erve
to al101f
()
' L
18
to wrk
~\t\lO
1nt,elligent.
' ()
ork
uts1de
()
worlaan
abroad
~o ()
play, project
L6
exter10r
'L() ()
factory
to celebrate
tL ()
ru1ns
hoHday
~o.
to
fest1val
to repeat
l-
because
lLl-()
6()
o~
20
()
(6)
rate
11
coe
nex't., com1ng
(\
quest.ion
()
restaurant
)12
(J
()
()
Rf
interior, telephonb
extension
fa, ()
<: U RSE
S :
()
sugar
comperY
()
heat
tc ,et ready
hot,
ready
G:
~o
year
10
to l1ve
so,thus
()
1ife
25
()
.t
14
wa:
to look for
po1ite
()
responsibility
()
opportunity, chance
or
\J
easlly
already
\J
easy
-& ()
actor
European (adj.)
() ()
electr1city
European
o1d age
happ1nes8
;1 ()
8un
happy
/ {)
day
fartunate1y
L ()
hepatit1s
fert11e
()
quietnes8, peace
pleasure
vo
quiet
()
()
()
&
pleassnt
to thank
14
to
iM
.t ()
sea
.t
shel1fish
(&)
th1s year
.t
/- ()
nevspaper
-&
()
Sh1p owner
'
8:ince, because
.t
excellent
&&
seven
-&&
onderful
~ )
enerny
-&
have
\1
()
until
vanath,
carort
VCD1er, miracle"
wonderj'ul
()
.t
()
~:<;;~()( \
()
-&
8pectacle, viev
\;6 \
H,eat.er
to vant
G REEK BASIC COURSE
-& ()
aubject, theme
()
God
'
'nank
God
Span1sh (adj.)
()
Span1ard
()
h1story, story
.6 ( )
()
history
'
aybe
heatin~
' ()
It811an
-& ()
teaperature
L-&.'L ()
fish market
-&()
theraeter
-&.
-&.
-&.
25
1;0
()
()
()
place,
-&
be cured
()
to cons1der, g1ve
--& ()
aunt
-&'L ()
uncle
-&.
-&
hessalonild
14
23
seat
pos1t1n,
13
to clean
V1sa-&
clean
-&
every, e8Ch
-&
to
reneber,
rind
111ness
not .t
11,
far
fron
1t
recall
:-&
each one, every on.
toNg
-& ()
professor, instructor
-&/- ()
a11 indov
-&. ()
professor
-&'U ()
doorman, jan1tor
-&
.t 811
-&
20
to
-&
17
.&.
17
-&.
()
IIit
( F)
don
delay
() ()
doctor' s
()
doctor
()
1dea
espec1ally
./ ()
oner,
sIIIIe
' ()
estab11shent
bad
1nstitutin
el1
to sat1sty
good morning
M881es
/-
r.ood night
stright
jod
Spanish voman
24
()
I.I1
()
of f1ce
-&
22
and
proprietor
to de1ay
etc.
..
nev
. ()
weather,
()
()
bad
tile
eath.r
evening
art1st
314
GREEK BASIC COURSE
cxo. (~6)
8uer
~&cn (~6)
d.eok
ood,D1ce
~' EU&ELav
8tra1b be'
<v ()
8ock, 8tock1ng
X!i~o.O'
(6)
~3v
2S
Sba.t8Dt
17
_ct18W, noe,. obU1
und8r.
xVE t/vv
tv
poor
xvov.c6'
xfEvELo( v)
X!iv
tv
a:6v
vt'
a 8b1p)
8can.
X!i~ ()
w~
(~6)
(6)
d81
0D8
.-4.
oottM
"Ev~p.c6,
24
"fv~o (v)
17
(~6)
60.
". (~6')
.o~
"
X!iO\)
". (~6)
X!i-X!i\)
"
".-& ()
. ()
".6 (~6)
.6 (6 )
.v~6
.& (~6)
" v. ()
()
Kt~p.VO'
xp"tvo, (6)
. c6
~
~& ~& :
tartre8.
.t. (~6)
tard8, aga1Ja10.
tv
411n
u tor t.be
I'88
bead
(6)
ao
23
II1t,
w1;1oa
cloa.
.~6
"a:~a:~\)tv
(~6)
"a:~a:a:a:tv
c6
10
(6)
. (~6)
X!i~po(v) (~6)
to s81n.
20
21
a:~&o
..
~a:v6. ()
.vv"c6
8OC1al
a:~. ()
xo.~&:
to
x~anp&a.vO,
XOKxo~. (6)
d1ah lI8de
"
to t1atter
~&cn. ()
ccnd1t1n,
~&~ (~6)
8tore., 8bop
13
to 81..p
12
10011:, 8. .
1nteat1n..
81tuat1O
22
,,5
GREEK BASIC COVRSE
()
24
colun.
to
(6)
&
(6)
()
(6)
10
()
(6)
IIeat
L (6)
1dr
part)" (pol1t1cal)
p1ece
beaut:r
8aln
()
(6)
b.tcber'8
()
p1t,y~
to be near
co14
ettcrt
co14 (adj)
ho
8hort
8hop
: (6)
near'.
p:1.lAr
8baM
' 6
h11.
6 ()
daughter
..6
real _tate (J.)
(6)
g1rl
'. 24
to 118
()
toP. 8UI8II1t
to bu11d
6 ()
1I1d.
.() (6)
b!Jl1.d1ng
'. 24
()
1ad;y. lI8da
6() (6)
cb1cken
. ()
suma;r
()
COD'Y81"8at1n~
. ()
Mr..
oC ()
k:l.tcben,
'
to look
Koo~p. (6)
du&bnut
t1recl
'.
18
()
180 't
ortb
people
c08t8
talk
CO\I81e
()
o~o.
21
19
12
be t1recI.
barber
...
(6)
b1l
gentlan
15
berber
()
ha8 cold
-& ()
8bp
to ba" ha1rcut
rece1"
to part1c1pate
d8t8k.
.6 ()
nec1c~
car
people
8u1t
. (6)
t1re
& . (6 )
. ()
wetab188
& ()
nonsense
()
to teU. eq
21
K~ ()
.
(6)
to cut
ne's
ba1r
()
(6)
~~Ooot
\",6\
b.
,;
15
6
19
t .. )
()
tbroat
to 1Id.88 ~ 1oo8e
l.eon
vord
316
GREEK BASIC COURSE
( )
( )
tar, 10Dg
ye, certa~
l7
. ( )
ba1r
bu
1IOOlen
ratber, qu1te
. ()
()
!()
()
.&.
811tt.le
. (6)
wpt8ble
l1t1;18, 8bort
()
are1ade
brbar.
6: 1.0
uele88,
.&",.
(6)
o.a6
6
(&)
111;1;1&
l.6
t .
b1U. 8ccou1;
ard,
(&)
port
nuOD,
(6 )
8tre
Y&1n
kD1te
1IJ)8Cb
Vith
V811
6.
b8tbroc
y~o
b1S, large
6. ()
reeort, 81;
-& (6)
81
()
8ereant
-&.()
day
to be
. (6)
d18achan1;ap
. (6)
bcbey
-.ber
6( )
(6)
12
SOrrr
()
large c1V
('r6).
aer tcI8oTOIf
w1;
ct (6)
_11 8t.ore
. (&)
cook
l.6
ugnetic
(6)
II8I'lU
tp
1oo~,
l. .
puota
h1881
8'tq
.6
8C8,
1;01earn
p1aoe. to1let
-& (6)
1&S8on
1;0 gatber, oollec:t,
1.
~8
(",)
1S
ct
itb,
(6)
8fl3, tw
1n81de, 1n
(6)
noon
(6)
a.t'tenrarda
ob8t8tric1.,
lI8de
gynecololog1s1;
beteen
.. (6)
atern11;Y.bospit.a1
6:.
even 11
;.
togetber
8m
1;0 translat.e
17
to uae, treat
)17
GREEK BASIC COURSE
f ()
eaurenents
6.
until
()
daddy
cero
. ()
bathroo
8pple
()
beer
don't
be 8ble, can
( )
(6
(.6)
balc~
f ()
.C6 ()
8teak
1n
(, .
DlU88e18
()
(6)
h'at
.6
eng1neer
". ()
8IIIeU, S08Jlt, tragrance
(,
81nce
(,.
()
DO
d.rob101ogirt
(6)
.6
...u
l.-&
to
()
-~-
peak
salary
.6
balf'
f ()
t1en*
cS
()
()
8a1lor
". ()
17
24
()
cS.
toshare
.6
jU8t,
{)
88 IIOC 8
(6)
n_
naval,
lead
on],y
seU,
"tv
oden1
<1'&
educated
". .-
"C1a6:
JIIWIaka
(,
..
(6)
()
o~o( )
.
()
()
(6)
!
:
21
()
lc, 81.&l-
'6
()
()
DB"7
nar1D
York
.8ter
neurot.io
()
SU88UIII.
(6)
usc
ustache
...
noJ
..
to enter
grocery
island
12
to
24
24
1nd.
to be bother
to be rent.ed
to rent
to th1Dk
25
to be treated (pat1ent)
318
G REEK BAS1C COURSE
vL(V) (~6)
hoep1tal
lS
e1gbth
Jledic, nurse
6 ()
gu1de, dr1"r
o~ ()
taste,
to
tasty, pretty
6~o
nat1....,
()
1'1Jvor
16
dr1",
gu1de
()
dent18t
()
8treet
doHn
, ()
tam11y
x~/ ()
n1ght
()
ecc:c;y
x~6
noctumal
ooo~
.c1c
ear~
vo.
8&.... (1IID8)")
to 11.... aga1n
28
22
to ta1k
24
"
Lv
23
25
22
L(V)
16
21
15
e1gbt
-6'
talJa't.1n
to adJId:t, ecar888
beaut1tu]]y
go aga1n
L6: ()
beaut:v
to.r!ng .b8ck
beaut.1fu1
to 1AG" down
to
BVELPO(V)
t.art, vi
hcrewr
dreu
(~6)
na
stranger, guest
L ()
h1,
to br-pa88
~ , 1Ibere'e'
dry
as
by
lSL ()
appet1te
here
know
to
ecape,
1;0
sl1p
.rore't.
8pend
p1ece
21
(6)
botel
13
20
caU back
(6)
21
(6)
aga1n
to
18
vCL
18
cmr
13
1food
up
to
vk
to
8h8V8 meeU
to shave
()
1fho
a 1D88n8
1al
', or;y
concern1ng, about
"er
'
"
tha't.
O,~L
"
hatever, 8)'th1ng
{, (~6)
rakee
6:
()
< (~6:)
l1ne, tail
urine
"9
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ne1ther nor even
()a ()
ophta:lJologist
DO
' ()
hoe
appea1"8DCe
very
m1nus
()
orld
c1
ice
()
(adj.)
priest
()
grandfather
to order
to produce
19
6(6)
ice
-&
to suffer bappen
-&6
d.octor (gern.prac1;.)
aa&()
, (
ped1atr1c1an
()
8 8hore
'
15
1;0 p1.ay
'9f4
to take
(6)
pack
-&6
(6)
17
(18
(6)
6KLo
()
bd
crean
weather
tor
exanp1.e
to del1ver.
20
(6)
to beg. pleaae l
_aU
()
8
to
18uxlersta:d
-&- ()
01d
. ()
bl"ary
wry
..()
un.1wrs1ty
. (6)
Pari8
(6)
present
beau1;1tul
6: ()
pre8en1;
Paros
()
(6)
, ()
aC1
25
()
V't
()
f'ather
't
c (6)
floor
(f
~./-. ()
p:lain
arr1M
1.0 { )
s1dewalk
(oa .
nc1vw
12
get lIIaIT1ed
()
ar
duck
()
-&
up
c1-a
surren1er
or
-&6
-&
()
()
17
potaw
(6)
pedetrian
mother-in-lav
tat.her-in-1av
per8.18d.
convince
'80
G REEK BASIC COURSE
to va1k
16
()
~er
().
la_t
to be hungry
- ()
_tme
()
experience, pract.1oe
-- ()
nap1dn
/-
to f1:r,
18
1;0
~~
bother, tea8e
never
dDdJ
19
5
(6)
ear
tbror
to go
- ()
cutcer
- ()
'l'hur8d8,y
occp18d t.8
-Ko~o (-6)
nw h1ndreci b1U
.'-
p1ate
t1whdred
-..
t1ve
3 -
20
to cat.Ch, 8e1.et '
(or6)
()
pre88UN
.~6
probab~
/ ()
pa1ntdDt
1;0 dr1Jk
l88t put
1.6
atter
. . (-6)
a-t.H4
et
our1oue, pecu11ar
1;o~t
-a.
12
..
(or6)
~ox
()
or
()
..u 80a
-.
()
~v ~
.or~
. .~
(or6)/
nlk, 8troU
(-6)
()
approx1Jate:q
1n art7
C8R
-.
plane v.e
- ()
noaorE
CU8
blackboud
15
8p8ce, arN, reg10n
about,
!ork
c1t,y aquare
(1'J)
11
.U
22
8d'98Dtage
1JIr0JWltion
to pq
to
oce
near
()
~8Y
.
() (-6)
( )
.6()
1ll000t,
.6-
II08t (adj.)
-1.0 ~ -6)
.-6
12881888, unneceary
tamous
6 .
to pass
O~K~t ()
12
noet]y
()
(6 )
toot, 1e8
wr1ety
]1
GREEK BASIC COURSE
b1M,
(6)
6.
()
.n6
()
.6
c1t)"
.6/- rea1:1t;y
....,.
& ()
81'IIICha1r
oK~o.K ()
aparten
o~o.
to th1nk to
to
green
IllU8t, ehou1d
house
uoo,
to lDUCb
6
()
_ba8sy
()
IIJI1be888dor
be!ore, ago
be!ore
6 6
luxury
o~xo()
a IIICI1tb ago
(~6)
()
()
25
&'!
atten"cn
()
1'8&1
()
caltU1'e,
c1vil1zat1on
22
real~
var
pol1"cal
.n6
cX
vbo
()
6.
()
cb1~,
to
dOllD
e16~/-
()
prooke
~,
o~
har
()
6 ( " )
18 about
to 8Dtlcipate, to catch,
(bue, e1ic.)
( ~6 )
ccnu1A.
;)
cCIDSul
&6
deet:1nat1on,
&.()
&'!
retainer
:1n ad'Val1ce
nT
'
0088, 8uper1or
(~6)
predest:1nat1an
pq 1n advance
(6)
tovarde
(6)
to watch,
take care
)aa
G REEK BASIC COURSE
aCCU81ble
()
1nv1ta101on
6() ()
()
a101oent1m
() Vebmd
o~
16
to
()
salad
18
tooffer
()
l1v1J:1g ro
6() (6)
f'ace
'
l1ke
()
offer J proposal
tort;y
100 offer J sugges10
to~er
11
()
eard1ne
1n J at, to
ox~
dA(y be.tore 18tard;
worn1ng
()
Sa1o~
16
110
1Ieans
hportan1o
(")
ean1g
prev1ua~,
~01) ()
cap1tal
today
t1rs1o
cotporar
ner
SlCN~
hw
()
sta1l"e J ladd..
that
()
f1rst
f.
(6)
14
to th1nk, have 1n
rendez-vua
unaeeteecl
()
ta1lor
6 ()
s1a'98
()
pent-huae
hardJ
rets1na
to tbroIf
peach
role
()
12
6()
()
()
()
Ru8s1an
c:nan
13
to pl8n J 1n1oend
()
1nt8n101on, purpoee
20
100 k1U
100 neep
13
to
()
( )
appendic11018
Ru8s1an
Ru8s1an
()
eoup
100 ask
()
chautfer
()
/-6
(adj.)
dDd
()
sh1shkebb
W8s1oe
vas1oef'ul J ext.ravagan1o
GREEK BASIC COURSE
() ()
atch
. ()
house,
(..)
18
to consult, to be
adv::Lsed
:I.Jportan
()
()
tad1_
...
()
stat1an
~&
aZ"
()
fellov student
accD1'ding
()
stat10n
.. ...
13
to stop
<1U&
8top
~;
()
adv::Lce
~6
.. .
contract
to stud;v'
&.( )
h:a
.()
to
()
agoee
coUeague
to get used
..
()
C1'088
O'U&.
accustaned, used to
(..6)
p"ape
-&
usua~
12
to send
()
~ ()
colun
t1\Ja.. aCY
cn. ()
1n8tant
.. f
reg1stred
cn ()
muth
trequent13'
. ()
stanach
cn-r. ()
so1d1er
()
buUet
.() ()
des1gn
almost
cn't6 ()
cn/-
.
(6)
()
()
to spread OI1t
()
()
pardon
/- ()
vr1ter
aK.. ~.
approval
13
()
C1U6
(&)
10er
scbool
8cbool, t'aculty
(.. )
bod.y
17
be qu1et, sUence
-rf ()
tawm
81Dultanuos],y
so-and-so
excuse
()
()
(-r)
congratu1.at1ons
diSCUBSion,
conersatin
iKO()
to Erequent
beart attack
-r.
...
a c1ty)
()
to 1ntroduce
10
yster
C7't
sect1an
16
.. .
happens
()
E11m, r1bbon, band
.. ()
()
cash1er's oEfice
.. .
11
fig
()
(..6)
&. ()
travel
tr.1p
class, order
G REEK BASIC COURSE
~ .
~x~x
()
~xoo()
(~6)
..
80 II1Uch, 80 ar;y
terrace
~6~
then
post of!ice
6~
the
1Je
()
mai1man
~-6:L-r
at
let
~u.W
12
naH
~ox~(o
c:n
the
8peed
~o(x ()
pertect
~o~6
toa1"1at1c
~Xo
23
to
()
~xx~Tx/-~
()
~"o
~"
13
1'in1sh
ccplet8Jy
~x
~u~
laat
~o (~6)
cc:ntr8
8rg
(6)
(-r6)
at.reetcar
1azy
~6:x
~"
f'our
~x"
T~ ()
Wedneeday
~xxx
~TX~O (
quarter
euch
block (C1t;)
~x
~~x6"x
~(x
()
art
~ ( ,,)
telegraph o1't1ce
6:~X
th1rty
~6:x {~6)
telegram
(~ ()
Tuetd.a,
~6
telephne (adj.)
~o6
terr1ble
telephne
~6o ()
anner
telephone
~ox (") {)
vbat
~ ()
hCtl1Or, pr1ce
~6 ( )
~o~x
~1ng, 8aneth1ng
~6:
) ( ~6 )
~To"o
~6:o ()
(~6).
~xo()
~o ( )
15
(~6)
(~6 )
noth1ng
~oo
(-r6)
()
aection
that
()
(~6)
sall
()
tab1e
d:1ning
(~6)
roa
table,dek
:ad, r,.
16
to run
tbree
tra1't1c
roU:Ing
to eat
(-r6 )
tea
~o/x~~o()
c1garette
( 6 )
all
~oo()
landBcape
~6o
80 (much)
acc1dentally
24
t,o happen
GREEK BASIC COURSE
(~)
health
h1&b
h.J:th~
()
he1ght
(~)
hud.dit
eplyee
to ex:18t
24
()
uceed, aurpa8a
1;0
exceas, exageratlan
vL
t/() {)
tood.
to appear, to look 11ke
obv1ou
() ()
drug ateJr..
( )
drug,
enree,
exceuive
14
()
.~c1ne
troub1.e, ooue
L ()
mocn
11
tobr1ng
to 1eave, depart
excellent
() (~)
ocen
-'.
\ ()
serv:Lce,
()
liner
()
19
to be tamous
&() {)
autuan
8ervant
at1ngy
~ ()
naid
"
hosp1table
\6
under
()
fr1end
""
ph11osophi ca1l3
'
under
aid
cns1derat10n
25
to ubdt, ugpet.
' L ()
cup
12
to 8ign
" 17
to be atra1d
'n6
patient
"
_tudent
\nt6v
Y1ce-eoMu1
& ()
t:be, OCC8_1n
() (~)
1nistry
(~)
an'
M1J11stry Foreign
tax
!
W (6)
Aftrs
()
()
\ ()
OV8n
_u1t
()
mUds~
()
:Drase
treah
15
obUge
cr
"
then, artervard8
\ 6
a (6)
cl.oth, mater1al
()
truit
t088t
326
G REEK BASIC COURSE
(6)
10
15
eyebrow
arrive
10
use
useful
cheap
Chr1stian
poor
(")
Christmas
natural
chron1c
()
nature
call, SlJJ1JI!1On
next year
()
voice
many happy returns
()
fire
golden
()
p1cture, photo
()
color
()
coiffure
/ 24
tobe built
17
()
year
()
greetings
()
country, nation
be g1ad
f1eld
terrible, miserable
villager
vil1age
15
spoil, distroy
()
()
19
without
lose, miss
()
joy
-&
you1re in good shape
()
fishennan
/ ()
favor
( )
fish
()
butc11er shop
()
winter
()
surgeon
hand
()
mental institution
-&
yesterday
pshychiatrist
/ ()
thousand
-&
psychopath
() ()
kilneter
bread
()
()
()
18
()
roasted, baked
()
()
i
soul
()
need
maney
11e
hour
beautiful
Otolaringologist
'87
\: tJ. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTIN(; F'f.'J::.: : 1957 252-220 (228)

Fsi GreekBasicCourse Volume1 StudentText

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Fsi GreekBasicCourse Volume1 StudentText

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Greek

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

'reeI 8o.Ic Cur... oI..me , roviles introdu.ctory mterils moden

pro;ect is Serge Obolensky,

Clairmn tle Deprt.

Near Estem nd Alrican Languages.

writing, clssroom testing, revision and tpe recorrling tle

recorrJings were f'rodu.ced tle FSI stlios unJer t"e

lames R. Fritl, Den

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

G REEK BASIC COURSE

. ....... . .. .... . .... . . ..

Gender and agreement

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

G REEK BASIC COURSE

Imp. and Perf. stems

Pres. tense verb 'be'

. . . . . . .... . ..... . . ...........

Review (Units 1-5)

. ... . . . ....... . . ....... ... . . ..

... ... . . ......... . ...

Irregular perfective stem forms

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

GREEK BASIC COURSE

Impersonal verb /prepi/.

ImpersOI1al use ! /bori/

1st and 2nd Declensions

Irregular declens ion.

Personal pronouns used as direct and indirect objects

.. .. . ... .. . .... . . .. ....... .

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

GREEK BASIC COURSE

3~ declensio neuter nouns 1n

3!:~ declension nouns /to y6.1JJ./ and /to kreas/

Past tense personal endings.

Use ! verb /arO/

Use ! verb /kond!Jvo/ .. ..

Past verb /iJxo/. .. ..

1JIIpersona1 verb /ny.zi/

Future and .Bubjunct1ve continu0U8

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

G REEK BASIC COURSE

. . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . ... .... . . .......

Feminine nouns in !. i81

Feminine noW1S in -{a,

Feminine nus in I~tital

Perfective stem fonn

5imple future and subjunct1ve

Continuous Past in -ayal

Irregular verb IVol

Thid declension neuter nouns in

Review (Units 11 - 15)

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

GREEK BASIC COURSE

ltemat1ve pertect1ve 8tID torm ! /lJlo/

. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... . . ... . ...

Verb8 v1th pret1xe. ..

tense augent /e-/

ruture aad 8ubjunct1ve

Future and Subjunct1"

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

GREEK BASIC COURSE

Cla8s 111 verbs - 5iJnple Paa't.

Reviev CUnits 16 - 20)