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17. Use food chains and food webs to describe the impacts humans have through
over-harvesting of food species and through introducing foreign species to a habitat
18. Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of numbers
19. Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of biomass
20. Discuss the advantages of using a pyramid of biomass rather than a pyramid of
numbers to represent a food chain
19.3 Nutrient cycles
In this section you will must be able to:
1. Describe the carbon cycle, limited to:
a. photosynthesis,
b. respiration,
c. feeding,
d. decomposition,
e. fossilisation
f. combustion
2. Discuss the effects of the combustion of fossil fuels and the cutting down of
forests on the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
3. Describe the water cycle, limited to
a. evaporation,
b. transpiration,
c. condensation
d. precipitation
4. Describe the nitrogen cycle in terms of:
a. decomposition of plant and animal protein to ammonium ions
b. nitrification
c. nitrogen fixation by lightning and bacteria
d. absorption of nitrate ions by plants
e. production of amino acids and proteins
f. feeding and digestion of proteins
g. deamination
h. denitrification
5. State the roles of microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle, limited to d
a. ecomposition,
b. nitrification, nitrogen fixation
c. denitrification (generic names of individual bacteria, e.g.
Rhizobium, are not required)
19.4 Population size
In this section you will must be able to:
1. Define population as a group of organisms of one species, living in the same
area, at the same time
2. Define community as all of the populations of different species in an ecosystem