PracticeMidterm1:Electromagnetism

UsethisasastudyguideforthemidtermonWednesday,February24th

Conceptuallyunderstand,identifyanddescribethefollowing

1. The electromagnetic force is a force (one of four) which acts between charged particles, can
bepositiveornegative,attractiveorrepulsive.Itactsoverinfinitedistances.

2.Theelectromagneticspectrumistherangeofwavelengthsorfrequenciesoverwhich
electromagnetic radiation extends. It includes radio waves (largest/lowest energy), microwaves,
infraredlight,visiblelight,ultravioletradiation,x-rays,andgammarays(smallest/highestenergy).

3.Electricityistheforce/energyofchargedparticles(positive=protons,negative=
electrons)

4.Magnetismistheattractiveandrepulsiveforcebetweenobjectsduetothemotionof
anelectriccharge

5.Chargeisdeterminedbythenumberofprotons(+1charge)andelectrons(-1charge)
andcausesmattertoexperienceaforceinanelectromagneticfield

6. Light (or visible light) is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum and is made up of quanta
(photons).

Usethediagrambelowtotalkabouthowlightreachesthesensorofa
digitalcamera.

Thelightentersthelens1andgoesthroughthecamerauntilithitsthereflexmirror2whereitis
reflectedupintoapentaprism4toredirecttheimagetotheeyepiece5foryourviewing.Atthe
momentyousnapapicture,thereflectmirrorfoldsup,allowingthelighttopassthroughandhita
sensorintheback7wherethelightisinterpretedintoanimage.

Conceptuallyunderstandandwriteabouthowthesensorofadigital
cameratakeslightandturnsitintodigitalimageswesee.Besureto
knowthefollowingtermsforthisdescription.

1.Siliconsemiconductor:amaterialusedforresistingelectriccharge,itsthelightsensor.

2.Pixel:atinysquaresectionofanimagethatisassignedacolorID,whichisinthiscase
determinedbythelightintensityandcolor.

3.Photon:atinyparticleoflight,alsotheforcecarryingparticlefortheelectromagnetic
spectrum

4.LightIntensity:theamountoflightletinthroughthelens,moreintensityisbrighterand
lessintensityisdarker.

5.Capacitivecoupling:Electricnoisewithinthesensor

6.Howcolorisproducedfromlightintensity:

Beabletosolveaproblembasedontheforcegeneratedbypoint
chargesusingCoulombsLawsuchasthefollowing:

Coulombslaw: F = K (q1q2)/(r2 )

WhatistheforceinNewtonsbetweenanelectronandaprotonseparatedby15nminairon
earth(rememberthefundamentalchargeofelectronsandprotonsis 1.6x1019 C andk=
9x109 N m2 /C 2 )

F= 9x109 N m2 /C 2 ( 1.6x1019 C )( 1.6x1019 C )/(15nm)^2

Calculatetheforcecausedbytwocharges-oneof0.5Candtheotherof0.25Cseparatedby
80m.

F= 9x109 N m2 /C 2 (0.5C)(0.25C)/(80m)

F=1,406,250N

Beabletosolveaproblembasedonwavemathematicssuchasthe
following.
Waveequation:v=f(velocity=frequencywavelength)
Speedoflight: C = 3x108 m/s

Calculatethefrequencyofanelectromagneticwave(inavacuum)withalengthof320nm.

Becauseitsinavacuum,thevelocityisthespeedoflight(C).

3x108 m/s =f320nm

320nm=3.2x10^-7

3x108 m/s =f3.2x10^-7mdividebothsides

9.375x10^14=f

Calculatethewavelengthofwavesmovinginwaterifthe8peakspassbyanobserverin50
secondsandtheyaremovingat3m/s.

Theyre moving at 3 m/s and theyre watched for 50 seconds, so in total they move 150 m. He
sees 8 peaks, so 150 m divided amongst the 8 peaks is 18.75 m whichmeansthewavelengthis
18.75 m. OR you could divide 8/50 (the numberofpeaksper1second)togetthefrequency,0.16
thenplugthatintoget:3m/s=0.16thensolvetofindthewavelength,18.75m.