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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
c. divergent waves
d. wave amplitudes
____
____
3. When a volcano erupts, the molten material that flows onto Earths surface is called ____.
a. magma
b. fissures
c. rifts
d. lava
____
____
d. pyroclasts
c. plates converge
d. hot spots form
____
____
c. core
c. C
a.
b.
c.
d.
____ 10. Seismologists have assessed a particular area and predict that an earthquake occurs every 17 years in that
area. If the last earthquake occurred in 1998, when will the next earthquake most likely occur?
a. 2010
b. 2015
c. 2017
d. 2025
____ 11. Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air and ____.
a. sand
c. moss
b. decayed organic matter
d. clay
____ 12. All of the following cause mechanical weathering EXCEPT ____.
a. ice
b. tree roots
c. burrowing animals d. carbonic acid
____ 13. Mechanical weathering ____.
a. breaks apart rocks by physical processes
b. occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks
c. occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen and water
d. none of the above
____ 14. Chemical weathering ____.
a. is caused by freezing and thawing
b. breaks apart rocks by physical processes
c. occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the minerals in rocks
d. none of above
____ 15. In areas where freezing and thawing occur frequently, rocks weather rapidly because of the ____ of freezing
water.
a. evaporation
b. expansion
c. leaching
d. oxidation
____ 16. The entire land area drained by a stream is called the drainage ____.
a. point
b. bar
c. basin
d. fan
____ 17. A ____ is formed by sediment deposited where a stream empties into a gulf or a bay.
a. fan
b. delta
c. braid
d. floodplain
____ 18. The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs ____.
a. at the bottom of the sequence
c. below the unconformity
b. below the sedimentary rock layer
d. at the top of the sequence
Matching
Match each term with the description below.
a. transform
b. epicenter
c. rifts
d. divergent
e. convergent
f. focus
____
____
____
____
____
5. point inside Earth where the first movement of an earthquake occurs and energy is released
Match the type of erosion with what its sediment forms.
a. moraines
d. sand bars
b. disorganized sediment structures
e. dunes
c.
deltas
____
6. glaciers
____
7. running water
____
8. wind
____
9. mass wasting
2. Which letter represents the newest layer and explain how you know.
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____
____
2. Because of this volcanos explosive nature, it is potentially dangerous to humans and the environment.
Essay
1. Choose and discuss two of the three pieces of evidence cited in your book as proof that Earths continents
were once part of a large super-continent which broke into pieces.
2.
A
p. 782
D
p. 784
D
p. 776 | p. 791
A
p. 778 | p. 791
A
p. 778
B
p. 778
A
p. 777 | p. 790
C
p. 786
D
p. 782
B
p. 786
B
p. 850
D
p. 847
A
p. 847
C
p. 849
B
p. 848
C
p. 855
B
p. 857
A
p. 870
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
MATCHING
1. ANS: B
REF: p. 782
2. ANS:
REF:
3. ANS:
REF:
4. ANS:
REF:
5. ANS:
REF:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
C
p. 778
E
p. 778
A
p. 778
B
p. 782
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
A
C
E
B
D
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
COMPLETION
1. ANS:
primary, secondary
secondary, primary
PTS: 1
2. ANS: volcanoes
REF: p. 786
PTS: 1
3. ANS: sediments
REF: p. 777
PTS: 1
4. ANS: erosion
REF: p. 854
PTS: 1
5. ANS: streams
REF: p. 854
PTS: 1
DIF: DOK 2|Bloom's Level 2
6. ANS: glaciers, running water
REF: p. 855
PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
An earthquakes focus is the point of failure of rocks at depth. The epicenter is the point on Earths surface
directly above the focus.
PTS: 1
2. ANS:
K
REF: p. 782
PTS: 1
REF: p. 870
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS:
REF:
2. ANS:
REF:
F
p. 777
F
p. 795
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
ESSAY
1. ANS:
Answers may vary. Student can choose and discuss how the coastlines match up as though they were once
combined, how matching fossils of large land animals and plants are found on various continents, or how
similar rock types are found on different continents and mountain chains seem to follow from one continent to
the next.
Score
Description
4
Student selects two of the three pieces of evidence to discuss and gives clear
explainations as to why they can be used to justify that the continents were once
connected.
3
Student selects two of the three pieces of evidence to discuss. Discussion as to why
they can be used as proof that the continents were once connected is limited.
2
Student selects one of the three pieces of evidence to discuss. Student does give a
clear explanation as to why it can be used as proof that the continents were once
connected.
1
Student selects one of the three pieces of evidence to discuss. Student does not
provide clear discussion as to why it can be used as proof that the continents were
once connected.
0
Students response it totally incorrect or irrelevant.
Blank No student response.
PTS: 1
DIF: DOK 4|Bloom's Level 5
2. ANS:
frost wedging on Perins Peak = mechanical
acid rain erosion of Rank Park sign = chemical
PTS: 1
REF: p. 773