VIII Science Assignment

STYLE OF PAPER
Q.1 MCQ

10

Q.2 A Answer in one sentence

(Any 16)

16

Q.2 B Define

(Any 4)

Q.3 A Difference

(Any 3)

Q.3 B Give Reason

(Any 3) 6

Q.4 A Brief

(Any 7)

14

Q.4 B Classify

Q.5 A Detail

(Any 4)

12

Q.5 B Experiment

Q.6 A Short Note

(Any2)

Ex -1 MCQ
1 What is the shape of the testis ?
a) Almond like

B) bean seed like C) Cylindrical

D) oval

2 Where is the sperm stored in the male body ?

A)Seminal vesicle

B) urinary bladder

C) testis

D) vas

deferens
3 Which of the following is an organ of the female reproductive system ?
A) Kidney

B) testis

C) ovary

D) urethra

4) Where are ovaries located ?

A) in abdominal cavity

b) in cervix c) in uterus

d) behind urinary bladder

5. What is the shape of ovaries?

a) Almond like B) bean seed like C) Cylindrical

D) oval

6. Where does the mouth of the uterus open?

a)in oviduct

b) in urinary bladder

c) in urethra

d) in vagina

7 In how many days does the zygote gets developed into a child ?
a) 28

b) 30

c)90

d)280

8 Which of the following organ is responsible for the filtration of the blood ?
a) heart

b) lungs

c) kidneys

d) cervix

9. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?

A Wood

B Mineral coal

C Petroleum

D Natural gas

10. Which variety of coal is ranked the best?

A Peat coal

B Lignite

C Bitumen coal

D Anthracite

11. At what temperature range is petrol obtained in the fractional distillation of

petroleum?
A Between 120o C to 180o C

B Between 180oC to 260o C

C Between 260o C to 340oC

D Between 30oC to 120oC

12. At what temperature range is kerosene obtained during the fractional distillation of
petroleum?
A Between 30oC to 120oC

B Between 120o C to 180o C

C Between 180oC to 120o C

D Between 260o C to 340oC

13. At what temperature range is diesel obtained during the fractional distillation of
petroleum?
A Between 30oC to 120oC

B Between 120o C to 180o C

C Between 180oC to 260o C

D Between 260o C to 340oC

14. What is obtained in the uppermost part of fractional distillation tower?

A Diesel

B Petroleum gas

C Petrol

D Fuel oil

17. Which constituent of petroleum is used for making grease?

A Naphtha

B Lubricant oil

C fuel oil

D Tar

18. Which type of energy source is the sun?

A. Non-renewable source of energy

B. Exhaustible energy source

C. Energy source producing pollution

D. Inexhaustible source of energy

19. What is the temperature that can be attained in the box of a solar cooker?
A. 100C to 400 C

B. 400C to 600 C

C. 600C to 800C

D. 1000 C to 1400 C

20. What is the principle of a solar cooker ?

A. Conversion of solar energy into electrical energy
B. Conversion of solar energy into heat energy
C. Conversion of heat energy into solar energy
D. Conversion of solar energy into mechanical energy
21.Which element is used in a solar cooker?
A.Uranium

B.Aluminium

C.Silicon

D. Sodium

22. Which of the following solar equipment does not convert solar energy into heat
energy?
A. Solar cooker

B. Solar water heater

C. Solar dryer

Solar cell
23. Where is the largest solar park of asia located in Gujarat?
A. Charanka village of patan

B. Kalayanpura village of kheda district

D.

C. Chor-Dungri village of kheda district

D. Raliyati gurjar village of panchmahal

district
24.Which of the following pollutes the soil to the maximum extent?
A. Paper

B. Excreta of animals

C. Plastic D. The remains of trees

25. Which garbage gets degraded very fast?

A. Leftover food

B. Plastic

C.Waste metal

D. Pieces of wood

26. What is the time required for the degradation of plastic?

A. 3-4 weeks

B. 8-10 weeks

C. 8-10 years

D. 8-10 lakh years

27. Which of the following is e-waste?

A. Waste cassette

B. Used syringe

C. Blood sample D. Waste plastic bag

28.While collecting biomedical waste , the plastic waste is to be put in which colour
dustbin?
A. Green

B. Red

C. Yellow

D. Blue (or white)

Q.2 A Answer in one sentence

1. By what other name is oxygen gas known as?
A. Oxygen gas is known as vital gas.
2. Cylinders of which gas are carried by mountaineers?
A. Cylinders of oxygen gas are carried by mountaineers.
3. What is the molecular formula of carbon dioxide gas?
A. The molecular formula of carbon dioxide gas is CO2
4. What happens when a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with
carbon dioxide gas?
A. When a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with carbon dioxide gas the
burning candle extinguishes.
5. What is another name of carbon dioxide gas?
A. The another name of carbon dioxide gas is fire gas.
6. What is the solid form of carbon dioxide called?
A. The solid form of carbon dioxide is called dry ice.
7. What is the chemical formula of baking soda?
A. The chemical formula of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3.
8. Which gas burns with an explosion?
A. Hydrogen gas burns with an explosion.
9. Which gas is filled in balloons used for atmosphereic study?
A. Hydrogen gas is filled in balloons used for atmosphereic study.

10.Which gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium

nitrite is heated?
A.10 Nitrogen gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium
nitrite is heated.
11. What is the basic unit of a compound?
A. The basic unit of a compound is molecule.
12. What is the type of electric charge on a proton?
A. The type of electric charge on a proton is positive.
13. Which particle in an atom carries negative charge?
A. Electron in an atom carries negative charge.
14. What is the atomic number of magnesium?
A. The atomic number of magnesium is 12.
15. The atomic number of aluminium is 13. What is its electric configuration?
A. Aluminiums electric configuration is (2,8,3).
16. The atomic number of sulphur is 16. What is its electric configuration?
A. Electric configuration of sulphur is (2,8,6).
17. What is the electric configuration of positive sodium of ion (Na+)?
A. The electric configuration of positive sodium of ion (Na+) is (2,8).
18. What is the chemical formula of common salt?
A. The chemical formula of common salt is NaCl.
19. What is circular central portion of an atom called?
A. Circular central portion of an atom called is Nucleus.
20. How many electrons are present in the outermost energy level (orbit) of
an oxygen atom?
A. The outermost energy level (orbit) of an oxygen atom is 6 electrons.
21. Write the name of two crystalline allotropes of carbon .
A. Two crystalline allotropes of carbon are Graphite and Diamond
22. Which elements have a strong tendency of forming positive ions ?
A. The elements that has 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outermost energy level have a
strong tendency of forming positive ions.
23. What is formed when sodium reacts with hydrogen gas?
A. Sodium reacts with hydrogen gas to form sodium hydride.
24. Which gas is produced when aluminium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
A. When aluminium reacts with hydrochloric acid hydrogen gas is produced.
25. Which compound of phosphorous is used for preserving grains?

A. Aluminium Phosphide is used for preserving grains.

26. Write the uses of Phosphorous.
A. Red phosphorous is used to prepare match sticks , crackers , explosives and even
insecticides . Compound of such as zinc phosphide to prepare and kill rats.
27. What are the constitutions of stainless steel ?
A. The constitutions of stainless steel are chromium , nickel ,Iron.
28. What is the full name of NaCl?
A. The full name of NaCl is Sodium Chloride.
29. What is ionization?
A. The process of losing electron by an atom of a metal or gaining electron by an atom
of a nonmetal is ionization.
30. In what is the purity of gold measured ?
A. The purity of gold is measured in carats.
31. What do you mean by a concave lens?
A. The lenses for which both the surfaces are curved inward is called concave lens.
32. Where should an object be placed in front of convex lens such that the
final image is real and is of the same size as that of the object?
A. An object should be at 2f placed in front of convex lens such that the final image is
real and is of the same size as that of the object.
33. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed
between focal point and optical of a convex lens?
A. The image formed when an object is placed between focal point and optical centre
of a convex lens is virtual, erect and larger than the object
34. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed at the
focal point of a convex lens?
A. When an object is placed at the focal point of a convex lens the image is formed at
infinity and the image is real , inverted and highly magnified.
35. Write the name of instruments in which concave lens is used?
A. Concave lens is used for making spectacles for near sightedness and in door holes.
36. Where is telescope used?
A. 1) Telescope is used in the study of astronomy
2) One can study planets, stars, moon and entire solar system.
37. Which is the main organ of the male reproductive system?
A. Testis is the main organ of the male reproductive system.
38. Which organ produces sperms?

A. Testis produces sperms.

39. At what age do boys attain puberty?
A. At the age of 13-14 years boys attain puberty?
40. In which organ does the fertilization of ovum takes place?
A. The fertilization of ovum takes place in oviduct.
41. In which organ is the zygote implanted where it gets developed ito a
child?
A. Uterus organ is the zygote implanted where it gets developed ito a child.
42. What is the newly developed ovum after meeting with the embryo
called?
A. The newly developed ovum after meeting with the embryo is called zygote.
43. Where are the kidneys located in the human body?
A. The kidneys are located on the lateral side of the vertebral coloumn in the back
region.
44. What is the colour of kidney?
A. The colour of kidney is dark brown.
45. Where is urine produced by the kidneys stored?
A. Urine produced by the kidneys is stored in urinary bladder.
46. What are the constituents of urine?
A. The constituents of urine are urea, uric acid, ammonia and water.
47. What do you mean by combustible substances?
A. A substance which catches fire is called combustible substance (eg) wood, paper,
etc.
48. What is the color of the flame when a substance undergoes incomplete
combustion?
A. The color of the flame is yellow when a substance undergoes incomplete
combustion.
49. Which portion of the flame does a goldsmith use with the help of a
blowpipe while making ornaments?
A. Goldsmith make use of central portion of flame while making ornaments.
50 What is the full form of LPG?
A. The full form of LPG is Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
51. In which type of combustion is heat produced but light is not produced?
A. In slow combustion heat is produced but light is not produced.
52. Which variety of coal is ranked the lowest?

A. Peat is ranked the lowest.

53. Which variety of coal is used in the thermal power station and railways?
A. Lignite coal is used in the thermal power station and railways.
54. At what temperature is petroleum heated before it is sent in the
fractional distillation tower?
A. Petroleum is heated at 450o C temperature before it is sent in the fractional
distillation tower.
55. Between what temperature range is naphtha obtained during the
fractional distillation of petroleum?
A. Naphtha is obtained in the distillation of petroleum between 120o C to 180oC
56. What is obtained in between temperatures 260o C to 340o C in the
fractional distillation tower in the fractional distillation of petroleum?
A. Diesel is obtained in between temperatures 260oC to 340oC in the fractional
distillation tower in the fractional distillation of petroleum.
57. What are the uses of petroleum gas ?
A. The uses of petroleum gas are :1. In the fractional distillation first of all at 25o C, petroleum gas is separated.
2. Mainly it is used in vehicles and as a feul for cooking food. It is known as L.P.G.
58. Due to which gases in the exhaust of the vehicles the atmospheric
pollution has increased?
A. The atmospheric pollution has increased due to sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen
and carbon monoxide present in the exhaust of the vehicles.
59. What form of energy is supplied by the sun to us?
A. The Sun supplies us light energy.
60. For how many more years will the sun supply energy to us?
A. The Sun will supply energy to us for 4.5 billon years.
61. Why is the box of a solar cooker coloured black?
A. The box of a solar cooker is coloured black because black surface absorbed more
heat energy.
62. Why is a mirror fitted on the lid of the box of a solar cooker?
A. Mirror is fitted on the lid of the box of a solar cooker so that it reflects the sunrays
inside the box.
63. What is a solar cooker used for?
A. A solar cooker is used :1) To roast or to dry food.

2) To cook pulses and rice.

64. Why is the copper pipe used in a solar water heater wound in the form of
a coil?
A. The copper pipe used in a solar water heater is wound in the form of a coil because
in a coil shape copper tube the area which absorbs heat increases.
65. Which equipments converts solar energy into electrical energy?
A. Solar cell converts solar energy into electrical energy.
66. What type of current is produced by a solar cell?
A. A solar cell produces only DC current.
67.Which solar equipment is used to drying grains?
A. Solar dryer is used to dry grains.
68. Which place in the kheda district has a solar power plant having a
capacity of eight kilowatt?
A.. Kalyanpura village in the Kheda district has a solar power plant having capacity of
eight kilowatt.
69. What do you mean by a solar panel?
A. When many solar cells are connected in a series it is called a solar panel.
70. What do you mean by pollution?
A. The undesirable, physical, chemical and biological changes occurring in air, water or
on land is called pollution.
71. What happens if we throw, bury or burn plastic anywhere?
A. Heaps of plastic are seen on roads and riverbanks. They get choked up in the
drainage system. Animals eat such plastic and diseases are caused. Burning of it
releases poisonous gases in the air. Inhaling such air causes respiratory system.
72.What are the useful things that can be made from used plastic bags after
cleaning them?
A. The used plastic bag can be utilized to make door mats, sitting mats, or thread for
the cots. Chocolate wrappers or biscuit wrappers can be used to prepare toran.
73.How will students celebrate 'No Plastic Day'?
A.Students and teachers will not use plastic in the school as well as their home on this
day.
Ex.2 B Define
1. Element- A group of similar atoms is called element.

2. Atomic Number- The number of protons or electrons present in the atom of an

element is called Atomic number.
3. Oxidation The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is
removed is called Oxidation.
4. Reduction The chemical process in which either hydrogen is added or oxygen is
removed is called Reduction.
5. Reactants Atoms or molecules taking part in any chemical reaction are called
Reactants
6. Centre of Curvature : Curved surfaces of lens are part of two spheres. The centre
of that sphere is called centre of curvature of the lens.
7. Radius of curvature : the radius of the sphere of which curved surface of a lens
is a part of , is called radius of curvature.
8. Focal length : the distance between optical centre and focal point is called focal
length.
9. Reproduction: the natural process in which organism of one species produces a
new organism of its own species is called reproduction.
10. Excretion: the removal of useless , harmful liquid substance from our body is
called excretion.
11. Combustion: A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen and
produces heat and light is called combustion.
12. Ignition point: A substance catches fire at definite temperature , this
temperature is called ignition point.
13. Complete combustion: When a substance get sufficient amount of oxygen it
burns with a blue flame it is called complete combustion (eg) combustion of L.P.G.
Ex-3 A Difference
1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
1. It supports combustion

1.
it
2. It is an element
2.
3. It does not effect red or blue litmus 3.
paper
2. Molecule and Atom
Molecule
1. Molecule is the fundamental unit
of a compound.

It does not support combustion but

extinguishes fire.
It is a compound
It turns moist blue litmus paper red.

Atom
1. Atom is the fundamental unit of
an element.

2. Molecules exist independently.

3. It is made up of one or more type
of elements.

2. It does not exist independently.

3. It is made up of only one type of
element.

3. Atom and Ion

Atom
1. Atom is electrically neutral.
2. An atom is chemically active.

Ion
1. Ion is not neutral but positively or
negatively charged.
2. Ion is chemically inactive.

4. Proton and Electron

1. Proton is positively charged.

1. Electron is negatively charged.

2. It lies in the nucleus.

2. It circulates around the nucleus in

the energy levels.

5. Metals And Non-metals

Metal
1. Metals are in solid form (except

Non metals
1. Non-metals are in solid, liquid or

mercury).
2. Metals are malleable.
3. Metals are good conductor of

gaseous forms.
2. Non-metals are not malleable.
3. Non-metals are bad conductors of

heat and electricity.

4. Metals have luster.
5. Most metals are heavy in weight.

heat and electricity.

4. Non-metals are lusterless.
5. Most non-metals are light in
weight

6. Convex lens and Concave lens

Convex lens
1. Lens for which both the surfaces are

Concave lens
1 Lens for which both the surfaces

curved outward is called convex lens.

are curved inward is called convex

2.

lens.
2. It is thinner in the middle and

It is thicker in the middle than the

edges.
3.
It is convergent lens

thicker at edges.
3. It is divergent lens

7. Testis and Ovaries

TESTIS
1. It is the male reproductive organ.

OVARIES
1. It is the female reproductive

organ.
2. It produces ova.

2. It produces sperms.

8. Complete combustion and incomplete combustion

Complete combustion
1.When a substance get sufficient

Incomplete combustion
1.When a substance does not get

amount of oxygen it burns with blue

sufficient oxygen and burns with

flame it is called complete

yellow flame is called Incomplete

combustion
2. Eg combustion of LPG
3. They donot spread pollution

combustion.
2. Eg combustion of wood
3. They spread pollution

9. Lignite and Anthracite

Lignite
1. It is brown or grey in colour.

Anthracite
1. It is hard and black in colour

2. It is smoky and makes

2. It is the best quality of coal

plenty

of ashes
3. It is used in thermal power

3. It is used in house and

industries

stations and railways

10. Petrol and Diesel
petrol
1. Petrol is separated at 30C to 120C

Diesel
1. Diesel is separated at 260C to

2. It is used as fuel in vehicles

340C
2. It is used as fuel in vehicles like

3. It is highly inflammable

truck and tractor

3. It is less inflammable than petrol

Ex .3 B GIVE REASONS
1. Hydrogen gas is filled in balloons because - hydrogen is a lighter gas as
compared to air. When a balloon is inflated with hydrogen gas.it becomes lighter than
air. When this balloon is released it rises high up in the sky. Hence, hydrogen gas is
used in the balloons that are to rise up in the sky.
2.. An atom is electrically neutral because : 1) positively charged protons are present in the nucleus of the atom.
2) Negatively charged electrons revolve around the nucleus in the definite circular
orbit.

3) in an atom of any element the numbers of protons is equal to the numbers of

electrons so the total positive charge is equal to the total negative charge. Hence ,an
atom is electrically neutral.
3. Helium and neon gases are chemically inert because helium and neon have
the outermost orbit filled. Due to this fully filled orbit helium and neon cannot accept
or donate electrons with atoms of any other elements so they are chemically inert
4. Small amount of copper is added to gold and silver while making
jewellery because if pressure is exerted on ornaments made from pure gold, their
shape changes. So pure gold is mixed with metals such as silver , copper or zinc to
make it strong and durable.
5.. Stainless steel is used for making household utensils because it is an alloy
made up of iron, chromium, nickel. It is corrosion resistant. It is hard and strong.
Stains of food items can be removed easily on washing it. It shows lustre so its utensils
looks attractive.
6. When a paper cup filled with water is heated over a candle flame the
paper cup does not burn because till the temperature of the substance does not
reach its ignition point, the substance doesnot start burning. Due to this reason the
cup doesnot start burning as long as there is water in it.
7. Fire caused due to petrol cannot be extinguished by water because fire
does not extinguish this way . Petrol is lighter than water so it floats on water and
spreads. If water is used there is a risk of getting burnt.
8. We must use substance like petrol and diesel sparingly and very
judiciously because - petroleum is a non-renewable source of energy it takes
millions of year to form. The stock of petroleum is limited so if we make extravagant
use of these items there is a probability that it will be exhausted in near future. Further
use of these substances increases pollution.
9. Copper pipe used in a solar water heater is wound in the shape of a coil
because in coil shape copper tube the area which absorbs heat increases.
10. It is our moral duty to conserve the environment - because :1. Man's existence is due to environment.
2 He fulfills all his economic needs from environment.
3. It gives him shelter, food, water, air, minerals, etc
4. Harm to environment means harm to mainland
5. Disturbance in environment causes many problems

6. Problems of clean air and water, shortage of food and fodder, death of animals due
to imbalance in environmental change are all caused due to harm caused to
environment
7. . Hence to live a good life and to save future generations, it is our moral duty to
conserve the environment.
Ex-4 A Answer in Brief
1 Write the physical properties of oxygen gas.
Ans. The physical properties of oxygen gas are as follows :1. Oxygen is colourless , odourless and tasteless.
2. It is sparingly soluble in water.
3. It helps in combustion.
2 Write two uses oxygen gas?
Ans. Uses of oxygen gas:
1. It is used for respiration
2. Dissolved oxygen is used by aquatic plants and animals.
3. Hand pumps preparing oxygen is used by the patients suffering from pneumonia
and lung diseases to get instant relief.
4. Oxygen is used to prepare flames having high temperature like oxyhydrogen flame
(28000C) and oxyacetylene flame (3100oc-33000c) which is used to cut or join metals
together
5. It is very necessary in the production of chlorine, nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
3. Write two physical properties of carbon dioxide gas.
Ans. Two physical properties of carbon dioxide gas are
1 It is colourless, odourless, tasteless.
2 It is sparingly soluble in water.
3 It is heavier than other gases.
4 Write the chemical properties of carbon dioxide.
Ans. The chemical properties of carbon dioxide are as follows :When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and water are
formed. Ca(OH)2 + Co2 CaCo3 + H2O
When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium carbonate and water, calcium bicarbonate is
formed. CaCo3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
When carbon dioxide is heated with water at high pressure , carbonic acid is produced.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 .

5. Write uses of carbon dioxide gas.

Ans. Uses of carbon dioxide gas:
1. It is used by the vegetation.
2. It is used for extinguishing fire.
3. It is used in fermentation of idli, dhosa, etc.
4. It is used for the preparation of cold drinks like soda water.
5. Solid carbon dioxide is known as dry ice. It is used as a cooling agent
6. It is used for the preparation of washing soda (sodium carbonate)
7. It is used for the preparation of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) useful in cooking.
6. Write two physical properties of hydrogen gas?
Ans. The physical properties of hydrogen are :It is colourless , odourless and tasteless
It is lighter than other gases.
It is inflammable (combustible)
7 Give two uses of hydrogen gas?
Ans. 1 Hydrogen gas is used as fuel and also it is used to obtain electricity.
2. It is lighter then air, hence this gas is used in the balloons which are used for the
study of the atmosphere above air level.
8 Give two uses of nitrogen nitrogen?
Ans. 1. It is used to prepare chemicals like ammonia, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide,
urea, etc.
2. It is used to prepare inert atmosphere example on the inflammable liquids, instead
of air, nitrogen gas should be filled so that there is less possibility of fire.
3. It decreases the reactivity of oxygen in air.
4. In films, dramas to show unnatural smoke or clouds, nitrogen gas is used.
5. The roots of the plants like peas make use of the nitrogen from the air and produce
food containing plenty of protein.
6. It is filled in the tubes of the tyres of some of the vehicles.
9. What is meant by atomic number? Explain it with example.
Ans. The number of proton (p) or electrons (e) in an atom is called the atomic
number

(z) of an atom. Eg.

Atomic number of helium (He) is 2. therefore it will have 2 protons and 2 electrons.
Atomic number of Carbon (C) is 6. Therefore it will have 6 protons and 6 electrons.
10. Explain the reaction of metals with oxygen with the help of an example.
Ans. When metals react with oxygen metal oxides are formed

2Mg

O2 gives 2MgO

11. Explain the reaction of metals with acids with the help of an example
Ans Most of the metals react with acids. During the reaction, Hydrogen from acid is
liberated as gas. If a magnesium strip is dipped in acid, some bubbles come out. It is
hydrogen gas
Mg

+ 2HCl gives

MgCl2

+ H2

12. Write two uses each of diamond and graphite.

Ans. Two uses each of diamond is
1 Used as ornaments
2 Used as glass cutter
Graphite
1 Used to make lead of pencils
2 Used as electrode poles
13. Explain with examples the process of oxidation with the help of an
example.
Ans. The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed is
called Oxidation. Eg. 2H2+O2 2H2O (Addition of oxygen in hydrogen)
14. Explain the process of reduction with the help of an example.
Ans The chemical process in which either Oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added is
called reduction. Eg. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O
15. Give name of instruments used in our day-to-day life in which convex
lens is used.
A. 1) Spectacles for far sightedness.
2) In magnifying lens.
3) In telescope, microscope , binocular.
4) In film projector.
5) In camera.
16. What are the uses of telescope?
A.The uses of telescope are
1) Telescope is used to study the sky and celestial bodies like planets ,stars , etc.
2) Simple telescope is used to see distant object nearer and clearer.
17. What does a watch repairer use a convex lens for?
A. A watch repairer uses a convex lens because when the minute parts of watch are
placed between convex lens and its focal point they appear magnified so the watch
repairer can repair the watch easily using a convex lens

18. Write the names of the organs of the male reproductive system.
A. The names of the organs of the male reproductive system are testis, vas deferens,
seminal vesicle, prostate gland, penis.
19. Write the names of the organs of the female reproductive system.
A. The names of the organs of the female reproductive system are ovary, uterus,
oviduct, cervix, vagina.
20. Write three conditions necessary for the combustion of a substance.
A. For the combustion of a substance three matters are required:1. It should get oxygen of air continuously.
2. The substance should attain definite temperature.
3. It should get sufficient amount of fuel.
21. What will you do if a fire has broken out in the house of your
neighbour ?
A If a fire has broken out in the house of your neighbor
1 I will call fire brigade
2 I will pour water or use a fire extinguisher.
3 I will help people caught in the fire and sent them to the hospital if required.
22. Why is water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity?
A Water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity because it conducts
electricity and there is a risk of getting electric shock.
23. In which place do we find fire extinguisher?
A We find fire extinguisher in schools, malls, offices, petrol pump, airport, railway
station.
24. Which substances are used to extinguish fire?
A Substance like water , soap foam, sand, thick cloth, or mattress and carbon dioxide
gas are used to extinguish fire.
25. Why do we have holes in the formation of lantern/gas stove?
A Lantern gas stove fuel is used to produce fire. The holes in the lower part helps to
provide continuous supply of air so that the fire burns continuously without producing
smoke.
26. Why are LPG/PNG fuels better than other fuels for cooking?
A LPG/PNG fuels undergo complete combustion and produce more heat, No smoke is
produced, when these are burnt . Hence there is no pollution.
27 How did mineral coal formed?

A. Millions of year ago vegetations like plants and trees were buried under the earth.
Due to the natural process and because of high pressure and high temperature under
the earth they were compressed and converted to mineral coal.
28. . State the types of mineral coal?
A. There are 4 types of mineral coal they are
1.Peat coal
2.Lignite coal
3.Bitumen
4. Anthracite
29. Which substance are obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum?
A. Substances obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum are petroleum gas,
petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel , lubricating oil, fuel oil and tar.
30. Write two limitations of a solar cooker.
A. Two limitations of a solar cooker are:
1. Food cannot be prepared on cloudy day and at night.
2. Time required to cook food is more.
31. What are the benefits of a solar heater?
A. The benefits of a solar heater are:
1. Maintenance cost is negligible.
2. Does not cause pollution.
3. Hot water is available 24 hours a day.
32. Write four uses of a solar cell.
A. Four uses of a solar cell are:
1. Useful in clock, calculator and toys.
2. To operate traffic signal.
3. To operate street light.
4. To operate electrical instruments in artificial satellite.
5. To produce electricity at interior place where transmission of electricity is not
possible or transmission is costly.
6. Recently car operated color solar cell is developed.
33. What are the limitations of a parabolic solar cooker?
A. The limitations of a parabolic solar cooker are :
1. Food can not prepared on cloudy day and at night.
2. Time required to cook food is more.
34. . What do you do with the plastic waste after use?

A. The used plastic bag can be utilized to make door mat , sitting mat , or thread for
the cots. Chocolate wrappers or biscuits wrappers can be used to prepare toran.
35. Note the names of electronic items you know.
A. Electronic item contain circuit, I.C, etc refrigerator , T.V, washing machine, computer
calculator etc are the names of electronic item.
36. What kind of things are called e-waste?
A. Things that are called e-waste are useless C.Ds, old T.V, old computer, old mobile,
old radio, old calculator, broken cassettes
37. Which things are included in biomedical waste?
A. Things like syringe, needle, scalpel, slides, scissors, blood bottles, medicines,
urobag, catheter , x-ray film, operation equipments are used scissors, cotton,
bandages etc are included in biomedical waste.
38. What happens if biomedical waste is not disposed of properly?
A. Things like dressing material, blood samples, urine samples, removal tumor or
organs are capable of spreading micro organisms. They pollute air, water and soil.
They spread diseases and harm public health.
Ex. 4 B Classify
1. Metals and Non metals
Metals- Sodium, silver , mercury, magnesium, aluminium, calcium.
Non-Metals-Carbon, Sulphur , Phosphorous, Oxygen, Chlorine, Iodine
2. Combustible substances and Non combustible substances
Combustible substances : Cardboard , Wood , sulphur ,phosphorous , coal , petrol ,
hydrogen
Non- combustible substances : iron strip , copper strip , glass , mud , stone ,
water ,carbon dioxide
Ex - 5 A Answer in Detail
1.. What happens when a smouldering incense stick is inserted in a test tube
filled with oxygen gas and kept for some time in the test tube? Make your
observation and note it down.What is the reason behind this?
A When a smouldering incense stick is inserted in a test tube filled with oxygen gas it
start burning with flame because oxygen is a supporter of combustion and hence
supports in combustion of object. Due to this it starts burning faster and easily when

inserted in the test tube filled with oxygen. As a result smouldering incense stick starts
burning with flame.
2. Explain structure of an atom in short.
Ans. Atom is the fundamental component of an element. It is very minute. The circular
central portion of an atom is known as nucleus. It is also known as the centre of atom.
There are two types of particles namely neutron and proton in the centre of an atom
which is called nucleus. The particles known as electron move around the nucleus in a
definite circular path.

3 Explain the transformation of sodium atom in positive ion of sodium?

Ans. The atomic number of sodium is 11, therefore electron configuration is (2, 8, 1) .
Its outermost energy level has only one electron to complete the energy level. It hs a
tendency to lose 1 electron . Due to the loss of an electron with regards the nuclear
charge, it does not remain neutral but it becomes positively charged. Therefore it is
called positive ion of sodium.
Na

gives

Na+

(2, 8, 1)

(2, 8)

Sodium

Sodium positive

e-

1 free
electron

4. Explain the formation of oxygen molecule (O2).

A. The electronic configuration of oxygen is (2,6).the outermost orbit contains 6
electrons. To complete the energy level, it gains 2 electrons. So, both the oxygen atom
shares 2 electrons each and complete the energy level having 8 electrons and make
oxygen molecule.

5. Explain the formation of nitrogen molecule (N2).

A. The electronic configuration of nitrogen is (2,5). This means its outermost orbit
contains 5 electrons. To complete its octact and become stable, it requires 3 electron.
Therefore both nitrogen shares 3 electrons and complete the energy level having 8
electrons and form nitrogen molecule (N2) electron

6 Write the uses of Phosphorous

Ans. Red phosphorus is used to prepare match sticks, crackers explosives and even
insecticides. Compounds of phosphorus are used such as:A] Zinc phosphide to prepare drugs to kill rats.
B] Aluminium phosphide for preserving grains.
C] Phosphorus pent oxide as a strong absorbent of humidity.
7. Write the uses of sulphur
Ans. Uses of Sulphur are:A] To prepare sulphuric acid.
B] In the gun powder for preparing crackers.
C] For the preparation of explosives.
D] For the preparation of insecticides and fertilizers.
E] For the preparation of cream for skin diseases and disinfectants.
F] For vulcanization of rubber.

8. Discuss about oxidation and reduction in the chemical process given

below:
H2

Hydrogen

CuO

gives

copper oxide

Cu
copper

H2 O
water

A. In the reaction oxygen is added in H2 and water is formed. This is oxidation reaction.
Oxygen is removed from CuO and Cu is formed. This is called reduction reaction. In
one reaction both oxidation and reduction takes. Hence, this reaction is called redox
reaction.
9. . How is a point like image of the sun obtained using a convex lens?
Explain.
A. 1) Take a convex lens.
2) Hold it in such a way that sunrays are incident on it and concentrate at a point on
white paper.
3) Here convex lens is used to converge the sun rays and to obtain point like image of
the sun

10 Explain the formation of image by a concave lens with the help of a

figure.
A. When an object is at any distance in the front of the concave lens, the emerging
rays do not meet but diverge with respect to principal axis. So image formed by
concave lens is always virtual, erect and smaller than the object.

11. Explain the role of lungs in the excretory system.

A. During respiration carbon dioxide and additional humidity is eliminated by lungs
through exhalation. some amount of water in form of humidity is release .this
elimination is lesser when the atmosphere is humid such as monsoon but it is high
during the cold and dry season.
12 . What do you mean by fossil fuel? How many types of fossil fuels are
there?
A. Millions of years ago plants and animals either living or dead were buried under the
earth due to the heat and the pressure of earth crust they were converted into fossils.
The fuel formed form such fossils are called fossil fule. There are mainly three types of
fossil fuels
1.Mineral coal.
2). Petroleum (mineral oil)
3. Natural gas.
13. How is petroleum formed in the earth crust?
A. On the earth many times there were very big storms in the oceans due to this in the
coastal area the microscopic aquatic creatures were buried under the soil of the ocean
under the high pressure and under the high temperature of the earth they were
converted into petroleum.
14. How can we use the substances like petrol and diesel judiciously? (Give
three points)
A. Substances like petrol and diesel judiciously should be used
1. For walking distance vehicles running on petrol and diesel should not be used
2. Switch off the engine of the vehicles when you are waiting on the traffic signal
3. Instead of personal vehicles use public transport should be used.
4. The engine of the vehicles should be serviced regularly
5. Vehicles having high mileage and high efficiency should be used.

15. Write four benefits of using a solar cooker.

A. Four benefits of using a solar cooker are:
1. Fuel is not required.
2. Pollution free
3. Maintenance cost is less.
4. Vitamins are not destroyed nutrients are retained and we get natural taste.
5. During cooking of food no need to take care of it.
16. Write four limitations of a solar cell.
A. Four limitation of a solar cell:
1. Silicon used to make solar cell is available in limited quality.
2. Technology to purity silicon is very costly.
3. Solar cells are connected with each other by silver which is costly.
4. Limitations of storage cell restrict the storage of solar energy.
17 .Write the benefits of usage of solar equipments.
A. The benefits of usage solar equipments are :
1. Use of solar equipments does not cause any kind of pollution.
2. Solar energy required for solar equipment is inhaustible.
3. To run solar equipments, they accept only solar energy. So no other fuel is required.
4. Solar energy is available free of cost.
5. Maintenance cost of solar equipment is very low.
6. To overcome the demand of energy supply fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc are
used extensively.
7. These are exhaustible sources that produce pollution.
18. What are the uses of solar dryer and parabolic solar cooker?
A . In a solar dryer grains, fruits, vegetables are dried and these dried products can
be stored for long time.
2. Parabolic solar cooker: Used for cooking food and roasting.
19.. Why is the amount of e-waste increasing in the modern era?
A The amount of e-waste is increasing in the modern era because
1. There is continous population increase
2. Demand of electronic good rises
3. Due to advance technology, people discard old mobile, music system, etc and buy
new
4. With change in life style now there are multiple T.V, Mobiles, Music Systems in a
house

20 .What type of remedies can you find to reduce e-waste?

A The remedies to reduce e-waste are
1.Electronic items should be repaired and used for long time
2. Old items can be given back inexchange
3.Some merchants buy back e-waste should be said
4. We can give things which we do not use to some needy person.
21 .What will happen if e-waste is not disposed of properly?
A. In electronic gadgets , circuits ,I.C, I.E integrated circuits soldering metal etc are
present. They consist of metals like platinium , gold, mercury, tin and chromium .If not
disposed properly, they may lead to pollution .So, e-waste should be disposed properly
Ex . 5 B EXPERIMENT
1. DESCRIBE WITH THE HELP OF A DIAGRAM, THE EXPERIMENT OF
PREPARATION OF OXYGEN GAS
AIM: To prepare oxygen gas
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: test tubes, test tube holder, oxygen gas, candle, an
incense stick, potassium permanganate
PROCEDURE: 1) Take a test tube.
2) Hold it with a test tube holder.
3) Put potassium particles in the test tube as shown in the figure.
4) Heat the test tube with the flame of the candle.
5) When potassium permanganate gets heated up in the test tube there will be some
cracking sound. 6) After that as shown in the figure hold an incense stick in the test
tube and keep it inside the test tube for sometime and observe.

OBSERVATION: When we insert burning incense stick in the test tube. it burns more
brightly.
RESULT: Thus oxygen gas is released .
CHEMICAL FORMULA INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF OXYGEN :
2KmnO4
potassium
permanganate

gives

K2MnO4

MnO2

O2

decomposition

pottasium

manganese

oxygen

mangnate

dioxide

gas

2. DESCRIBE THE EXPERIMENT TO FIND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONVEX

LENS WITH THE HELP OF A FIGURE:
AIM: To find the focal length of a convex lens
APPARTUS REQUIRED: convex lens, stand, white screen, source of light
FIGURE:

PROCEDURE:

1. Take a convex lens

2. keep it on a stand and place the stand on a plane surface.

3. Incident light on it with a torch
4. Adjust the screen of drawing paper behind the lens in such a way that a point like
image is formed as shown in the figure
5. The location of this point is the focal point of the lens.
OBSERVATION: All the rays parallel to the principal axis converge at a point after
refraction.
CONCLUSION: The distance between the optical centre are focal point of a convex
lens is its focal length.
Ex 6 Short note
1. Write four physical properties of metals.
Ans Physical properties of metals are as follows :1 They have a shiny and bright surface with a metallic luster.
2 They can be hammered into a thin strip (malleability).
3 Metals can be drawn into thin wires.
4 On striking, it produces ringing sound.
5 They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
6 Melting points are very high.
7 Metals are usually solids, Exception mercury is the only metal found in liquid forms
8 Generally metals are heavy, yet sodium, potassium, magnesium and aluminium are
light metals.
2. Write the uses of metals.
Ans. The uses of different metals are as follows:1] Iron In vehicles, bridges, pipes, nails, etc.
2] Copper In wires, vessels, etc.
3] Gold In gold ornaments, idols and medals.
4] Silver In ornaments, currency coins and notes, vessels, etc.
5] Aluminium In wires, vessels, coins, etc.
6] Sodium In salt, street lights, etc.
7] Potassium In fertilizers, crackers, insecticides, etc.
8] Mercury In thermometer and mercury-vapour lamp
3 .Draw a neat and labeled diagram of a solar water heater. Explain its
construction and working
Construction:

As shown in the above figure, overhead tank is connected with a small tank of solar
water heater.
Coil shapes copper tube is placed in box, so the area absorbing the heat energy can be
increased.
For more absorption of heat, the outer surface of copper tube is coloured black
One end of copper tube is connected at the bottom and other is connected at the
middle of overhead tank.
Working:
1. Due to the pressure difference between two ends of copper tube, the water from
overhead tank continuously flows in the tube.
2. Water flows slowly through tube, so it is heated with solar heat.
3. In this way, water in small tank is heated slowly.
4. Hot water is lighter so it remains at upper part of tank and from there it is used with
the help of water tap.