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PARAMETRIC STUDY OF
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
SUBMITTED BY
KOYANI UMANG A.
(140540720009)
2015-2016
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that preliminary draft report entitled Submitted by
KOYANI UMANG A.
In partial fulfilment for the award of the Master Degree in Structural engineering of the Gujarat Technological
University-Ahmedabad is a record of their own work carried out under our supervision and guidance.
DATE:
Co Guide:
Head of Department:
Prof. K.C.KORADIA
Prof.. M. D. BARASARA
DIET-RAJKOT.
(Principal)
Darshan institute of Engineering and Technology.
Seal Of Institute
1. 140540720009
KOYANI UMANG A.
In partial fulfilment for the award of the Master Degree in Structural Engineering of the
Gujarat Technological University- Ahmedabad is hereby approved.
Examiners:
1.____________________________________
2.____________________________________
3.____________________________________
2015-2016
PREFACE
It gives us great pleasure in placing this teamwork report, in the hands of our esteemed faculties; we
believe that, it will go through the documentation of the study work done by our team. The objective
of this report is to provide both a conceptual understanding of the system as well as working guide.
As the students of ME (Structure) when we acquire all the theoretical knowledge, it is both necessary
and advisable to acquaint the students with the real situation through, well-planned study in relevant
fields. Using all the theoretical knowledge and applying into the real application the student learns to
develop efficient real world application at the time of project training. So, the project training is very
important for the student for self-development and self-confident. Also student learns organizational
structure, rules and regulations and management in a real sense, which helps student to get discipline
in life.
Aimed for providing the reader with easier and in-depth knowledge of all the basic as well as
important aspects related to the systems having the functionality's of their respective fields in form of
report. The report contains the literature of almost all the things, which we have gone through from
the point of view of any system development life cycle.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our sincere thank goes to MIDAS TEAM for their valuable guidance and supporting us during the
entire project work for MIDAS CIVIL software related knowledge.
We are also thankful to MIDAS TEAM for their warm cooperation and also for their support in
completing the project..
We would like to express our most sincere gratitude to our academic advisor
Prof. K.C.KORADIA, Lecturer Civil Engineering Department, DIET and
Prof. M.D. Barasara Head Civil Engg. Department, for their extremely important encouragement
given to us to get our project work up to this point.
We would also like to thank Civil Engineering Department-Darshan Institute of Engg. and Technology
-Rajkot for their valuable support in our project.
Finally and most importantly, we record our permanent gratitude for the faith and support of the people
with whom we really worked and lived our parents and our family.
DIET, Rajkot.
(i)
ABSTRACT
Construction work in India is one of the most widespread activities, involving a range of people from
the small builder in villages and towns to large private companies, public undertakings and various
state agencies.
At present civil engineering has suffered from a drastic evolvement over last decades there has been
a large amount of improvement in civil works management done by many leading company by
hiring structural engineers as a result there is a many structure design and analysis related softwares
are also used by structure engineers, which simplify the design problems and gives the idea about
actual structure how looks and works.
The construction industry requires high degree management of men & material to complete the
project successfully at an optimum cost. Hence a special branch of structural engineering has been
developed to accommodate the designs and analysis of structures which are adopted to improve the
performance of various aspects of an engineering project and optimize the cost.
Government has Expertise in providing modern infrastructure to public and also dealing with
numbers of big projects to secure a good position of India in Global Developed Market in
Infrastructure.
The projects focus on parametric study of cable stayed bridge. Different parameters like side span,
pylon shape, cable stay arrangements etc. affects on the bridge designing specially. Using the
different softwares available in the market for bridge designing it is possible. We were been going
to use MIDAS CIVIL software for our designing and analysis purpose.
(ii)
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
(iii)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment.......................................................................................................................... i
Abstract........................................................................................................................................ ii
List Of Figures................................................................................................................................iii
List Of Tables.................................................................................................................................iii
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
1.1
INTRODUCTION ...............
1.2
STUDY AREA....................................................................
CHAPTER 2
2.1
LITERATURE REVIEW.......
2.2
REFFERED JOURNALS.......
3.1
CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT.........
12
3.2
NEED OF STUDY.
13
CHAPTER 4
4.1
WORK PLAN....................................................................................................
14
4.2
DATA COLLECTION.....
15
4.3
16
4.4.
PROGRAM VALIDATION..
17
CHAPTER 5
5.1
20
CHAPTER 6
6.1
FUTURE SCHEDULE.......................................................................................... 21
REFERENCES....
23
CHAPTER - 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
All the Three human basic needs: shelter, food and clothing call for civil engineering construction
works and their subsequent maintenanace.Ordinarily construction activity accounts for 15% of all the
jobs. The construction industry requires high degree management of men & material to complete the
project successfully at an optimum cost. Hence a special branch of building construction has been
developed to accommodate the techniques which are adopted to improve the performance of various
aspects of an engineering project.
The branch of structural engineering aims to design and analyse the structure as per the requirement
of site conditions. This branch is of immense importance because if design is wrong or if any factors
which will affect the structure would be not considered then it will be cost to the whole project.
At present construction work in India is one of the most widespread activities, involving a range of
people from the small builder in villages and towns to large private companies , public undertakings
and various state agencies.
Now a days structure designing becomes prime requirement for that purpose many softwares are
available i.e. MIDAS,STADD,ETAB etc.
The construction industry is a major economic activity in India. Construction activities contribute
annually about 10% to the Gross National Product (GDP), Thus Playing a major Role in the
development of the national economy.
The need for professionalism in designing and analysis of structure assumes special significance in
order to ensure that the huge resources invested in the construction industry are deployed efficiently
for the benefit of society and structure operates efficiently.
PAGE 1
What is a Bridge?
There are many different designs that all serve unique purposes and apply to different
situations.
Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of
the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it,
and the funds available to build it.
Type Of Bridges
Bridges can be categorized in several different ways. Common categories include the
type of structural elements used, by what they carry, whether they are fixed or
movable, and by the materials used.
Beam Bridge
Truss Bridge
Cantilever Bridge
Arch Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable-Stayed Bridge
PAGE 2
PAGE 3
PAGE 4
CHAPTER - 2
PAGE 5
((1)) International journal of civil and structural engineering Vol. 1, No. 3,2010
Aim : Effect of pylon shape on seismic response of cable stayed bridge with soil structure
interaction
Author : Siddharth G Shah, Desai J. A. , Solanki C.H.
Abstract : Bridge is designed as per below data only the pylon shape is varied viz. A type,h type,
spread pylon and pyramid shapes.
The height of pylon is kept constant for all the shapes for comparison purpose.
3D bridge model is analyzed for SSI through soil spring provide at base by taking Bhuj 2001
time history data.
The bridge response in terms of Pylon Displacement, Pylon Acceleration and Pylon Base
moment is obtained.
Different Properties including lateral and rocking stiffness coefficients for three
types of soil Hard,Medium & Soft Soil is considered.
Conclusion: The analysis is carried out for Four different shapes of pylons on SAP2000 software by
time history method.
A Pylon
Y Pylon
Pyramid Pylon
SOFT SOIL
MEDIUM SOIL
HARD SOIL
PAGE 6
A Pylon
Y Pylon
Pyramid Pylon
SOFT SOIL
MEDIUM SOIL
HARD SOIL
A Pylon
Y Pylon
Pyramid Pylon
SOFT SOIL
MEDIUM SOIL
HARD SOIL
PAGE 7
Table 4 Loads
LOADS
FACTORS
VALUE
Dead
1.05
177.9kN/m
Super-imposed load
1.75
178.5 KN/m
HA
1.5
13.5 KN/m
HB
1.3
45 units, nominally
146.3 KN per wheel
Conclusion:
The optimized execution of the inverted Y design of the pylon is a solution that is both
aesthetically and technically successful.
The use of tensioning mechanisms has provided an efficient compromise between deck sizing
and costly strengthening methods.
PAGE 8
((3)) Tailor Made Concrete Structures journal Walraven & Stoelhorst (eds) Vol. 2, Issue 2
(Apr.-June 2015)
Aim : Behavior of a multiple spans cable-stayed bridge
Author : S. Arnaud, N. Matsunaga, S. Nagano & J.-P. Ragaru
Abstract : We got the opportunity to participate in the design check of a five towers cable-stayed
bridge with 300 meters spans and we examined the configuration between type of
connection, stiffness of deck, stiffness of piers and pylons, in order to confirm the
minimal structural cost.
One of the main problems of bridges with multiple cable-stayed spans is the behavior under
live loads,as the deflections and bending moments in the deck are more influenced by the
stiffness of the pylons and by the connection between deck and pylon than for a standard
cable-stayed bridge.
The second problem is the effect of deck length variation due to temperature and concrete
creep and shrinkage.
further calculations about the relationship between stiffness of deck, pylons and piers.
Results are presented with particular focus about the impacts of asymmetric loading and
thermal expansion of the deck on this multiple spans structure.
PAGE 9
Increasing
Depth Of Box
Girder Deck
Increase In
Pylon Cross
Sectional
Properties
Increasing
Number Of
Cables
Moment In Pylon
DECREASES
DECREASES
INCREASE
DECREASES
Sagging Moment In
Deck
DECREASES
DECREASES
Hogging Moment In
Deck
INCREASE
INCREASE
INCREASE
From all these observations, it is seen that stiffer sections of deck and pylon will produce
more bending moments in the corresponding bending moments.
It is preferable that slender sections should be used for deck and pylon so as to achieve
economical solution. Further, use of more number of cables reduces bending moments in
overall structure.
PAGE 10
((5)) The IUP Journal Of Structural Engineering (Vol.VII ,No. 3 ,July 2014)
Aim : The effect of side span length on the behavior of long-span hybrid Cable-stayed
suspension bridge
Author : Ghanshyam Savaliya, Atul K Desai, Sandeep A Vasanwala
Conclusion: From the analysis carried out on hybrid cable-stayed suspension bridge, the
following
Observations are made:
1)With decrease in length of side span from 490m to 210m,the axial force in deck at side span
is reduced to 76.58%.
2)With increase in length of side span from 210m to 490m,the axial force in deck at center of
main span is reduced to 76.51%.
3)With decrease in length of side span from 490m to 210m,the axial force in main catenary
cable in side span is reduced to 57.34%.
4)The time period of the deck in lateral bending in 1st and 2nd modes is reduced to 97.90% and
95.50%,respectively,from side span length 490m to 210m.
5)The time period of the deck in vertical bending in 1st mode is reduced to 97.55 from side span
length 490m to 210m.
PAGE 11
CHAPTER - 3
PAGE 12
Pylon Tower
Stay Cables
Road Way
Piers
Foundation
PAGE 13
CHAPTER - 4
M60
Fe500
=1860
Loading Data :
Table 6
DL
LL
WIND
EQ
Self Weight
Surface Finish
Service Loads
HA & HB
PAGE 14
PAGE 15
ANGLE
OF
CABLE
STAY
CABLE
SYSTEM
CABLE ARRANGEMENTS
The arrangements of the cable is 4 Planes of Semi Fan Arrangement.
Cable stay system comprises high strength galvanized steel wires
Each deck section has 2 planes of inclined cables which are attached to the tower in one
plane.
4)
5)
CABLE SPACING
Cable spacing is 6 m along the bridge deck.
DECK
Deck of bridge consists of a hollow concrete box section with three cores, the dimensions of
the deck varies throughout the length of the bridge.
The Pre-cast segments vary in length from 1.5m to 3.1 m
The idea behind the very light weight and slender deck is to reduce the Longitudinal stiffness.
6) FOUNDATION
The drilled shaft method is used for the construction of shafts.
The shafts vary considerably in size, depending on the bedrock rock encountered at site
includes Highly Weathered, Fractured and Oxidized Volcanic Material .
Foundations for the towers comprised of 52 nos. 2m diameter piles arranged in a H Shape to
capably support the legs of pylon, they are up to 34m in length..
7) CONSTRUCTION METHODS
The pre cast concrete sections of the deck were launched incrementally between the pillars
using a truss system, Known as the balanced cantilever Method.
The span by span method was used for the construction of the approach sections of the
bridge.
8) LOADING
Dead Load
Super-Imposed Dead Load
Live Traffic Loading
Combination Loading
Wind Loading
Seismic Loading
PAGE 16
PAGE 17
PAGE 18
Stay Cables
BRIDGE MODEL
PYLON
Modulus of Elasticity
Poissons Ratio
Deck
3.0000e+006
0.3
Pylon
3.0000e+006
0.3
Cable
1.5750e+007
0.3
Cross-sectional Area
Moment of Inertia
Deck
4.3800
0.92
Pylon
1.0000
2.7600
Cable
0.0062
Cable
0.0208
PAGE 19
P
Load Type
Load Value
Dead load
Self weight
Pretension Loads
1 tonf
Derick Crane
Nodal Loads
80 tonf
Segment
Nodal loads
Gravity load: A x x L
1 tonf/m
Support movement
Specified
displacement
1 mm
PAGE 20
Fig.3 Bending Moments At Last Construction Stage As Per Software Technical Manual
PAGE 21
CHAPTER - 5
PAGE 22
CHAPTER - 6
40 Cable
Inclination
45 Cable
Inclination
45 Cable
Inclination
50 Cable
Inclination
50 Cable
Inclination
Fan
Type
Cable
system
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
Harp
Type
Cable
system
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
Fan
Type
Cable
system
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
Fan
Type
Cable
system
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
Mar.4th week
COMPLETED
Apr. 1st week
Jan. 3rd & 4th week
Apr. 2nd week
Harp
Type
Cable
system
1
2
3
4
5
Generation of Deck
Generation of Pylon
Generation of Cable Profile
Generation of Load & Load Combination
Analysis
Harp
Type
Cable
system
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Modelling and design the Cable stayed Bridge and find out the suitable combination is best
for the conditions of Worli Sea Link.
PAGE 23
REFERENCES
PAGE 24