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MATERI KULIAH
JALAN RAYA-1
(GEOMETRIK JALAN)
CL
ELEV.
IR. DARMADI, MM
STA.
Laporan Proses
1. URAIAN MATERI
1.1.
DATA PERENCANAAN
HITUNG
=
127 ( + )
JIKA
TIDAK
e 3%
SCS
YA
ATAU
FULL
SS
CIRCLE (C)
Geometrik Jalan
Laporan Proses
A.
HITUNG Ls
Cara Short (LS1)
Cara Mod.Short (LS2)
Cara bina marga/ASSHTO (Lr)
JIKA
Ls > Ls1
Ls > Ls2
Ls > Lr
TIDAK
Pilih LS
Paling besar antara
YA
Ls
HITUNG
Ec
Lc
Tc = Tt
DATA LENGKUNG
Geometrik Jalan
STA
En
Superelevasi (e)
Ec, Lc, dan Tt
Laporan Proses
B.
INPUT
Ls ,
HITUNG
= 2
Lc
TIDAK
JIKA
Lc > 20 M
YA
Lc = 0
SCS
SS
HITUNG Ls
Ls
TIDAK
Ls > LS1
Pilih LS
Ls > LS2
Ls > Lr
YA
LS Standar
Hitung
Geometrik Jalan
Laporan Proses
Pembelajaran Geometrik
Hitung Jalan
SS
SCS
HITUNG
HITUNG
P
K
Lt = 2 Ls
Es, Ts
YA
P
K
Lt = LC + 2 Ls
Es, Ts
JIKA
FULL
p > 0.25
M
CIRCLE (C)
DATA LENGKUNG
Geometrik Jalan
STA
Laporan Proses
1.2.1
Diketahui :
Klasifikasi Fungsi Jalan
= Arteri
Klasifikasi Medan
= Bukit
Kecepatan rencana
= 60 km/jam
e maksimum
= 10%
= 20
Lebar jalan
= 2%
Geometrik Jalan
60
127(0,1 + 0,153)
Laporan Proses
Tahap II
Jadi R yang direncanakan harus lebih besar dari 112,04 m
Direncanakan R= 716 m.
Tahap III
Metode AASHTO
Dari tebel metode AASHTO diperoleh e = 0,029 dan Ls = 40 m.
Karena e = 2,9% 3% , maka bentuk lengkung yang digunakan adalah Full Circle
Tahap IV
LR = , =
.
,
= 0, 022 . 2,727
.,
= 5,1
= 33,3
Tahap V
Ls = 40 > Ls1 = 7,47
Ls = 40 > Ls2 = 5,1
Ls = 40 > LR = 33,3
Jadi Ls yang digunakan adalah Ls
Tahap VI
Tc
= R tg
= 716 tg10
= 126,25 m.
Ec
= Tc tg
= 126,25 tg5
= 11,05 m.
Lc
Tahap VII
Data lengkung untuk lengkung busur lingkaran sederhana tersebut diatas:
V
= 60 km/jam
Lc
= 249,88 m
= 20
= 2,9%
= 716 m
Ec
= 11,05 m
Tc
= 126,25 m
Ls
= 40 m
Geometrik Jalan
Laporan Proses
Tahap VIII
Diagram Superelevasi bentuk lengkung Horizontal Full Circle
1.2.2.
Diketahui :
Kecepatan rencana
= 60 km/jam
e maksimum
= 10%
= 20
Lebar jalan
Tahap II
60
127(0,1 + 0,153)
Geometrik Jalan
Laporan Proses
Tahap III
Metode Bina Marga
Dari tabel metode Bina Marga diperoleh e = 0,059 dan Ls = 50 m.
Karena e = 0,059 3% , maka bentuk lengkung yang digunakan adalah SpiralCircle-Spiral atau Spiral-Spiral
Dari tabel 4.6 diperoleh e = 0,059 dan Ls = 50 m.
Tahap IV
LR = , =
Tahap V
.
,
= 0, 022. . 2,727.
.,
= 2,6
= 50
Tahap VI
maka diperoleh:
s =
. 90
50 . 90
=
= 4,504
.R
. 318
c = 2 s = 20 2 . 4,504 = 10,99
Lc =
c
10,99
x 2 Rc =
x 2 318 = 60,996 m (> 20 m)
360
360
Rc (1 cos)
6 Rc
50
318 (1 cos 4,504)
6 . 318
p = 0,328 m
Laporan Proses
p = p* x Ls = 0,0065934. 50 = 0,328 m
k =
Rc sin
40 Rc
50
k = 50
318 sin4,504
40 . 318
k = 24,99
- Rc
+k
Tahap VII
Data lengkung untuk lengkung spiral-lingkaran-spiral tersebut di atas adalah
V = 60 km/jam
= 4,504
Es = 5,239 m
L = 160,996 m
= 20
e = 5,9%
Ls = 50 m
Rc = 318 m
Lc = 60,996 m
p = 0,328 m
Ts = 81,12m k = 24,99 m
Tahap VIII
Diagram Superelevasi bentuk lengkung Horizontal Spiral-Circle-Spiral
Geometrik Jalan
Laporan Proses
1.2.3.
Diketahui :
Kecepatan rencana
= 60 km/jam
e maksimum
= 10%
= 20
Lebar jalan
= ( )
Tahap II
60
= 112,04
127(0,1 + 0,153)
Tahap III
Jika R = 318, maka e = 0,059 sesuai tabel 4.7 buku Dasar-Dasar Perancanaan
Geometrik Jalan, maka e > 3%.
Tahap IV
s = = 10o
Ls =
= 111,00 m (>50m)
Tahap V
s = 10o , p*= 0,01474 dan k*=0,4994880
Jadi p = p* x Ls = 0,0065934. 111 = 0,732 m
k = k* x Ls = 0,4998970. 111 = 55,49 m
L
= 2 Ls = 222 m
TS
Es
Geometrik Jalan
10
Laporan Proses
Tahap VI
Data lengkung dari lengkung horizontal berbentuk spiral-spiral adalah sebagai berikut:
V = 60 km/jam
L = 222,0 m
e = 9,1 %
= 20o
Ls = 111 m
Rc = 318 m
Lc = 0 m
Es = 61,25 m
p = 0,732 m
Ts = 111,69
k = 55,49 m
Tahap VII
Diagram Superelevasi bentuk lengkung Horizontal Spiral-Spiral
Geometrik Jalan
11
Laporan Proses
LAMPIRAN
Geometrik Jalan
12
Laporan Proses
Geometrik Jalan
13
Laporan Proses
Geometrik Jalan
14
Laporan Proses
Geometrik Jalan
15
07/08/2014
Klasifikasi Jalan
Sesuai Peruntukannya
Jalan Umum
Jalan Khusus
1)
2)
3)
4)
07/08/2014
07/08/2014
7
Tugas Besar
Perencanaan Geometrik
a. Jalan Arteri ( Utama ) adalah jalan raya utama adalah jalan yang melayani
angkutan utama, dengan
ciri- ciri perjalanan jarak jauh, kecepatan rata- rata
tinggi dan jumlah jalan masuk dibatasi secara efisien. Dalam komposisi lalu
lintasnya tidak terdapat kendaraan lambat dan kendaraan tak bermotor. Jalan raya
dalam kelas ini merupakan jalan- jalan raya berjalur banyak dengan konstruksi
perkerasan dari jenis yang terbaik.
b. Jalan Kolektor ( Sekunder ) adalah jalan kolektor adalah jalan raya yang melayani
angkutan pengumpulan/ pembagian dengan ciri- ciri perjalanan jarak sedang,
kecepatan rata- rata sedang dan jumlah jalan masuk dibatasi.
Berdasarkan komposisi dan sifat lalu lintasnya dibagi dalam tiga kelas jalan,
yaitu :
1. Kelas II A
Merupakan jalan raya sekunder dua jalur atau lebih dengan konstruksi
permukaan jalan dari lapisan aspal beton atau yang setara.
2. Kelas II B
Merupakan jalan raya sekunder dua jalur dengan konstruksi permukaan jalan
dari penetrasi berganda atau yang setara dimana dalam komposisi lalu lintasnya
terdapat kendaraan lambat dan kendaraan tak bermotor.
3. Kelas II C
Merupakan jalan raya sekunder dua jalur denan konstruksi permukaan jalan dari
penetrasi tunggal, dimana dalam komposisi lalu lintasnya terdapat kendaraan
bermotor lambat dan kendaraan tak bermotor.
c. Jalan Lokal ( Penghubung )adalah jalan penghubung adalah jalan yang melayani
angkutan setempat dengan cirri- cirri perjalanan yang dekat, kecepatan rata- rata
rendah dan jumlah jalan masuk tidak dibatasi.
Adapun tabel klasifikasi jalan raya adalah srbagai berikut :
KLASIFIKASI
JALAN
JALAN RAYA
UTAMA
I (A1)
KLASSIFIKASI MEDAN
120
100
60
60
80
3.00
60
80
40
40
60
40
80
30
3.00
II C (B2)
G
1500 - 8000
60
40
60
30
30
30
3.00
40
30
60
30
30
20
2.50
30
20
20
1.00
3.50
2%
4%
4%
6%
6%
6%
Aspal Beton
Penetrasi Berganda/
setaraf
10%
560
350
210
Landai Maksimum
3%
5%
6%
350 210
4%
6%
3%
- 6.00
2%
10%
2%
1.50
40
3.50 - 6.00
2.50 2.50
2 x 3.00
2.50 2.50
III
< 20.000
2x 3.50
1.5
3.00
Aspal beton
( hot mix )
100
2
3.50
II B (B1)
6.000 - 20.000
Minimum 2 (2x3,75)
II A (A2)
JALAN
PENGHUBUNG
10%
115
7%
4%
10%
210
115
50
5%
7%
8%
210
6%
115
8%
10%
50
115
50
30
10 %
6%
8%
10 %
07/08/2014
Ruang Jalan
07/08/2014
Jenis Medan
Notasi
Kemiringan
Medan
Datar
< 3%
Perbukitan
3%-25%
Pegunungan
> 25%
Kendaraan Rencana
11
1.1
Clothoid
Details of an S-C-S fitting are presented in the following figure. Spiral before curve (points TCD) is of
length 175 meters and spiral after the curve is of 125 meters.
In the figure
Description
L1
TCD
PI
TS
SC
i1
s1
T1
TV
X1
Total X=TD2
Y1
Total Y= D2D
P1
AB
K1
TA
Sifted curves PC
LT1
TD1
ST1
DD1
RP
1. 1. 2 E xp re s sio ns f o r v a ri ous s pi r al pa r am et e r s
Two most commonly used parameters by engineers in designing and setting out a spiral are L (spiral
length) and R (radius of circular curve). Following are spiral parameters expressed in terms of these two.
Flatness of spiral =
A LR
l2
2 RL
L
= Spiral angle (subtended by full length)
2R
x l *[1
l4
l8
...]
40 R 2 L2 3456 R 4 L4
TotalX L *[1
y
L2
L4
...]
40 R 2 3456 R 4
l3
l4
l8
[1
...]
6 RL
56 R 2 L2 7040 R 4 L4
TotalY
L2
L2
L4
[1
...]
6R
56 R 2 7040 R 4
P TotalY R (1 cos s )
K = Total X R*SIN s (= TA. This is also called as spiral extension)
Total (extended) tangent = TV = TA + AV
Tangent (extended) length = TV =
( R P) tan
K
2
1.2
Cub i c Spi ra l s
This is first order approximation to the clothoid.
If we assume that sin = , then dy/dl = sin = = l**2/2RL
On integrating and applying boundary conditions we get,
l3
y
6 RL
l2
3 6R
x cos(
0
l2
)dl
2 L2 R 2
l4
l8
...]
40 R 2 L2 3456 R 4 L4
x l *[1
TotalX L *[1
L2
L4
...]
40 R 2 3456 R 4
l3
6 RL
TotalY
tan
L2
6R
y
x
Up to 15 degrees of deflection - Length along Curve or along chord (10 equal chords)?
1.3
Cubic Parabola
If we assume that cos = 1, then x = l.
Further if we assume that sin = , then
x = l and TotalX L
x3
L2
and TotalY
6 RL
6R
Cosine series is less rapidly converging than sine series. This leads to the conclusion that
Cubic parabola is inferior to cubic spiral.
However, cubic parabolas are more popular due to the fact that they are easy to set out in
the field as it is expressed in Cartesian coordinates.
Rest all other parameters are same as clothoid. Despite these are less accurate than cubic spirals, these
curves are preferred by highway and railway engineers, because they are very easy to set.
tan
RL
2 sin cos 5
1
5
rmin 1.39 RL
So cubic parabola radius decreases from infinity to rmin 1.39 RL at 24 degrees, 5 min, 41
sec and from there onwards it starts increasing again. This makes cubic parabola
useless for deflections greater than 24 degrees.
1.4
Sinusoidal Curves
These curves represent a consistent course of curvature and are applicable to transition between 0 to 90
degrees of tangent deflections. However these are not popular as they are difficult to tabulate and stake
out. The curve is steeper than the true spiral.
Following is the equation for the sinusoidal curve
l2
L 2l
2 cos
1
2 RL 4 R L
Differentiating with l we get equation for 1/r, where r is the radius of curvature at any given point.
2LR
2l
2l L * SIN
1. 4. 1 Ke y P a ra m et e r s
Radius equation is derived from the fact that
2l
2l L * sin
d 1
L
dl r
2LR
If we further differentiate this curvature again w.r.t length of curve we get
d 2 1
1
2
cos
2
dl
L
LR LR
Unlike clothoid spirals, this rate of change of curvature is not constant in Sinusoidal
curves. Thus these transition curves are NOT true spirals Chakri 01/20/04
Two most commonly used parameters by engineers in designing and setting out a transition curve are L
(spiral length) and R (radius of circular curve). Following are spiral parameters expressed in terms of these
two.
l2
L 2l
2 cos
1
2 RL 4 R L
L
= Spiral angle [subtended by full length (or) l = L]
2R
1. 4. 2 T ot al X D e riv a t io n
dx dl cos
x dl cos , where
l2
L 2l
2 cos
1
2 RL 4 R L
If
2 * l
L
L2
L3
x l 1
At l = L (full length of transition); x=X and = . Substituting these in above equation we get:
96 4 160 2 420 L2
TotalX X L 1
* 2
3840 4
R
L3
X L 0.02190112582400869 2
R
i.
T ot al Y D e riv a t io n
dy dl sin
l2
L 2l
y dl sin , where
2 cos
1
2 RL 4 R L
1
1 L 1
1
5
209 L3
TotalY Y L
*
*
2
2
128 4 3072 6 R 3
6 4 R 336 160
L
L3
X L 0.1413363707560822 0.0026731818162654 3
R
R
ii.
O t he r Im po rt a nt P a ra met e rs
At l = L (full length of transition); becomes spiral angle = s. Substituting l=L in equation 20 we get:
L
(deflection between tangent before and tangent after, of the transition curve)
2R
y
l arctan( ) = Polar deflection angle (at a distance l along the transition)
x
TotalY
L arctan(
) = Angle subtended by the spirals chord to the tangent before
TotalX
P = shift of the curve = AE BE
P TotalY R (1 cos s )
K TotalX R sin s (= TA. This is also called as spiral/transition extension)
Total (extended) tangent = TV = TA + AV
( R P) tan
K
2
TotalY * cos ec s
Some cool stuff: - What is the length of spiral by shifted curve PC point. Is curve length TC
= curve length CD.
1.5
Cosinusoidal Curves
Following is the equation for the Cosinusoidal curve
1 L
l
l * sin
2R
L
Differentiating with l we get equation for 1/r, where r is the radius of curvature at any given point.
2R
l
1 cos
L
1. 5. 1 Ke y P a ra m et e r s
l
1 cos
d 1
L
dl r
2R
If we further differentiate this curvature again w.r.t length of curve we get
d 2
l
Rate of change of curvature =
sin
2
dl
2 RL L
Unlike clothoid spirals, this rate of change of curvature is not constant in Cosinusoidal
curves. Thus these transition curves are NOT true spirals
Two most commonly used parameters by engineers in designing and setting out a transition curve are L
(spiral length) and R (radius of circular curve). Following are spiral parameters expressed in terms of these
two.
1 L
l
l * sin
2R
L
L
= Spiral angle [subtended by full length (or) l = L]
2R
dx dl cos
x cos dl
To simplify the problem let us make following sub-functions:
If
L l
l
sin
2R L
L
*l
L
L2
L 3 sin * cos
x l 2 2 *
2sin cos
2
8 R 3 2
At l = L (full length of transition); x=X and = . Substituting these in above equation we get:
2 2 9 L3
* 2
TotalX X L
2
48 R
L3
X L 0.0226689447 2
R
1. 5. 3 T ot al Y D e riv a t io n
dy dl sin
From eqn. 43 we have
If
L l
l
sin
2R L
L
*l
L
L 2
L3
y L* 2 (
cos 1)
48 4 R 3
2 R 2
3 2 cos 6 sin
3
3
4
4
8
24
4
At l = L (full length of transition); x=X and = . Substituting these in above equation we get:
1 1 L 6 4 54 2 256 L3
* 3
TotalY Y L 2 *
1152 4
R
4 R
L
L3
Y L * 0.1486788163576622 0.0027402322400286 * 3
R
R
1. 5. 4 O t he r Im po rt a nt P a ra met e rs
At l = L (full length of transition); becomes spiral angle = s. Substituting l=L in equation 20 we get:
L
(deflection between tangent before and tangent after, of the transition curve)
2R
y
l arctan( ) = Polar deflection angle (at a distance l along the transition)
x
TotalY
L arctan(
) = Angle subtended by the spirals chord to the tangent before
TotalX
P = shift of the curve = AE BE
P TotalY R (1 cos s )
K TotalX R sin s (= TA. This is also called as spiral/transition extension)
Total (extended) tangent = TV = TA + AV
Tangent (extended) length = TV =
( R P) tan
K
2
TotalY * cos ec s
Some cool stuff: - What is the length of spiral by shifted curve PC point. Is curve length TC
= curve length CD.
29/03/2014