278

. The protection of the Marine environment is of utmost importance

today. Discuss.
(a) How would you as a C/E of a tanker ensure protection of the
environment by compliance with the various Regulation of MARPOL 73/78
Annex 1 for prevention and control of pollution at sea?
(b) State requirement for compliance under Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78.
Ans. Annex 1 Regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil which entered into
force on 2nd October 1983 and, as between the parties to MARPOL 73/78
supersedes the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the sea
by oil, 1954, as amended 1962 and 1969 which was then in force.
Prevention of pollution methods & aids involved are:1. IOPP Certificate
International oil pollution preventions certificate is issued after initial survey
before the ship put in service or renewal survey in accordance with the
provisions of regulation 6 of this annex, to any oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage
and above and any other ships 400 gross tonnage and above which are
engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of
other parties to the present on. Such certificate shall be issued or endorsed as
appropriate either by the Adm or by any persons or organization duly
authorized by it. In every case Adm. Assumer full responsibility for the
certificate & valid for maximum 5 years.
2. Tanks for oil residues (sludge) Reg. 12
Every ship of 400 GT & above shall be provided with a tank or tanks of
adequate capacity having regard to type of machinery and length of voyage.
Piping to and from the sludge the shall have no direct connection overboard
other than standard discharge connection.
3. Standard discharge connection Reg. 13.
To enable the pipes of reception facility to be connected with the ships
discharge pipeline for residues from M of bilges and from sludge tanks must
have standard discharge connection.
OD 215 mm, ID According to pipe OD, PCD 183 mm, Flange
thickness 20 mm.
4. Oil filtering equipment Reg. 14 / Reg. 31.

Any ship above 400 GT & less than 10,000 GT shall be fitted with 15 PPM oil
filtering equipment which must be Adm. Approved.
Any ship above 10,000 GT must have 15 PPM equipment with oil discharge
monitoring system with alarm when it exceeds level and automatically stops
discharging O/B by either P/P stop or 3 way v/v. Equipment must be Adm.
Approved oil discharge and control system.
No discharge in Antarctic Area is allowed.
5. Oil record book part I Reg. 17 (machinery spares)
Reg 34 part II Cargo / Ballast operations every oil tanker 150 GT & above
and every ship of 400 GT & above other than oil tanker must have ORB Part I which must indicate transfers tanker to the, bunkering LO & FO, collection
& disposal of residue, discharging O/B through approved equipment or to
reception facilities must be recorded.
Part II must be kept updated for ballast / cargo operation on each occasions
on the case loading oil cargo, internal transfers, unloading oil cargo, ballasting
cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing, de-ballasting excluding
SB tanks, discharge from slop tanks through ODMCS, disposal of residues for
reception facility must be recorded.
6. Segregated Ballast tanks Reg. 18
Every crude oil tanker of 20,000 tonns DW 7 above and every product carrier
30,000 tonns DW & above delivered after 1st July 1982 must have segregated
ballast tanks.
7. Double Hull & Double Bottom Requirements for oil tankers delivered on or
after 6th July 1996 Reg. 19
Oil tanker 600 tonnes DW 7 above delivered on or after 6th July 1996.
Every oil tanker 5000 tonnes DW & above must have protective location of
segregated ballast spaces & should be protected against progressive flooding.
Entire cargo tank length shall be protected by ballast tanks or space other than
tanks that carry oil .
i) Wing the or spaces
DW
w = 0.5 +

(m) or w = 20m
20,000

Whichever less.
ii) Double bottom the or spaces

Min w = 1m

h = B\ 15(m) 01 h = 2.0 m whichever less

min h = 1.0m.
8. Double hull & DB requirements for oil tankers delivered before 6 th July 1996
Reg. 20
Cat 1 tanker to be phased out with single hull by 1st April 2005 which built
before 6th July 1996.
Single Hull tankers cannot carry HGO Reg. 21
Prevention of pollution from oil tankers carrying HGO.
9. Pump room bottom protection Reg. 22
This regulation for oil tankers 500 tonnes DW & above constructed on or after
1st Jan 2007
h = B/15 or h = 2.0 m whichever less
mini h = 1.0m
10. Accidental oil out flow performance Reg. 23
To be dealt with oil flow discharge oil tankers delivered after 1st Jan 2010.
11. Oil tankers of 150 tonnes & above shall be provided with slop tanks except for
tankers having voyage less than 72 hrs. & with is 50 nautical miles.
12. Crude oil wasting requirements Reg. 33
Oil tankers 20,000 DW 7 above delivered after 1st June 1982 must have cow
system class approved and RO.
13. Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan Reg. 37
Administration approved 50 per plan should be there for tankers 150 GT 7
above and others 400 G & above.
14. Reception Facility Reg. 38
The Government of each party to the convention to ensure provisions at
loading terminals, repair ports, in other parts where ship have oily residue to
discharge must have reception facility without delaying ship.

b) Annex VI Prevention of air pollution form ships.

An International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate shall be issued for
the ships of 400 GT & above and every fixed and floating drilling rigs and
other performs by the Administration, which shall not exceed 5 years.
In initial survey before the ship is put into service or before the certificate
required under reg. 6 of this Annex is issued for the first time. This survey
shall be such as to ensure that the equipment, system, fittings, arrangements
and material fully comply with the applicable requirements f their Annex.
1. Ozone depleting substances Reg. 12
Deliberate emission of ozone depleting substances shall be prohibited unless
saving life at sea or due to accident or breakdown of equipment. Deliberate
emissions include emissions occurring in the course of maintaining, servicing,
repairing or disposing of system or equipment.
New installation which certain ozone depleting substances shall be prohibited
on all ships, except that new installations containing hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are permitted until 1st Jan 2020.
These substances should be collected properly and delivered to the
reception facility ashore.
2. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Reg. 16.
This regulation applier to each engine 130 kw & above O/P installed on ship
constructed after 1st Jan 2000. or the diesel engine goes major conversion
after 1st Jan 2000 . Major conversion means 10% change in MCR.
His regulations will not apply to emergency generator lifeboat engines and
any device or equipment which to be used solely in case emergency or costal
voyage vessels which must have alternative Nox control provision set by
Administration.
Nox Limits from the engines should be following:
i) 17.0 g/kwh the engines should be following:
ii) 45.0 x n-0.2 G/kwh when n >130rpm n<2000rpm.
iii) 9.8 g/kwh when rpm n h 2000 & above.
Provisions 6/ NOx technical code should be applied to all ship i.e. alternative
provisions gives by Administration.
3. Sulphur Oxide (SOX) Reg. 14.

The sulphur content of any fuel used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5%
m/m. The fuel supplied on board shall be mentioned under the guide times
developed by MEPC 82(43).
SECA Sox Emission Control Area
1. Baltic sea & North sea.
under SECA either the fuel should not contain sulphur more than 1.5% m/m
or emission from engine should not exceed 6.0 g SOx / KWh or any approved
method by Administration to control six can be used.
4.

Volatile Organic Compounds Reg. 15

The emission of volatile organic compound (VOCs) from tankers are to be
regulated in ports or terminals under jurisdiction of a party to protocol 1997.

5. Shipboard Incineration Reg. 16

Shipboard incineration in allowed except for oil sludge & sewage sludge
in
Port harbour & estuaries.
Shipboard incineration is prohibited for following
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

6.

Annex I, II and III cargo residues of the present convention and related
contaminated packing material.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).
Garbage containing more than trace of heavy metals i.e. batteries,
mercury, lead etc.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PUCS) exception in IMO type approved
incinerator.
Monitoring of combustions flue gas outlet temperature shall be
required at all times & waste shall not be fed in continuous feed
shipboard incinerator when temperature is below 850oC & unit shall be
so designed to reach combustion temperature to 600 oC within five
minutes after start up.

Reception Facility Reg. 17

The Government of each party to protocol 1997 undertakes to ensure the
provisions of facilities adequate to meet reception of ozone depleting
substances, exhaust cleaning residues without causing undue delay to ships.

7. Fuel Oil Quality Reg. 18

Fuel oil onboard for combustion purpose should meet ISO 8217 standards
with following requirements.
i)

Fuel oil shall be blend of HC derived from petroleum refining & small
amounts of additives are permitted to improve performance aspects.

ii)

Free from inorganic acids

iii)

Fuel Oil should not have added chemical base which can jeopardize
the ship, be harmful to persons, and contribute to additional air
pollutions.

iv)

Sulphur content must not exceed 4.5% m/m & SECA area 1.5% m/m.

v)

BDN must be retained board for minimum 3 years readily available for
inspection.

vi)

Fuel Oil samples sealed and signed by supplier or supplier

representative or master or officer in-charge of bunker operations.
Samples to be retained on board for minimum 12 months.