DISEASE

Tuberculo
sis

OTHER
NAME/S
Kochs
Disease

CAUSATIVE
AGENT
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
TB bacillus
Kochs bacillus
Mycobacterium
bovis
(rod-shaped)

MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
Airborne-droplet
Direct invasion
through mucous
membranes and
breaks in the skin
(very rare)
Incubation period :
4 6 weeks

PATHOGNOMONIC
SIGN/MANIFESTATION
S
1. Usually asymptomatic
2. Low-grade afternoon
fever
3. Night sweating
4. Loss of appetite
5. Weight loss
6. Easy fatigability due
to increased oxygen
demand
8. Productive dry cough
9. Hemoptysis

MANAGEMENT/TREATM
ENT
Diagnostic test:
Sputum examination
or the Acid-fast bacilli
(AFB) / sputum
microscopy
1. Confirmatory test
2. Early morning sputum
about 3-5 cc
3. Maintain NPO before
collecting sputum
4. Give oral care after the
procedure
5. Label and immediately
send to laboratory
6. If the time of the
collection of the sputum is
unknown, discard
Chest X-ray is used to:
1. Determine the clinical
activity of TB, whether
it is inactive (in control) or
active (ongoing)
2. To determine the size of
the lesion:
a. Minimal very small
b. Moderately advance
lesion is < 4 cm
c. Far advance lesion is

> 4 cm
Tuberculin Test
purpose is to determine
the
history of exposure to
tuberculosis
Other names:
Mantoux Test used for
single screening, result
interpreted after 72 hours
Tine test used for mass
screening read after 48
hours
Interpretation:
0 - 4 mm induration not
significant
5 mm or more
significant in individuals
who
are considered at risk;
positive for patients who
are HIV-positive or have
HIV risk factors and are
of unknown HIV status,
those who are close
contacts with an active
case, and those who have
chest x-ray results
consistent with
tuberculosis.
10 mm or greater

significant in individuals
who have normal or
mildly impaired immunity