Jennifer Williams

Jacinta Arihilian
Courtney Zahn
Diana Riley
Biology II T/Th

February 18, 2014

Assignment #3
1. Recessive phenotype percentage 0.16 = 16%
2. Dominant phenotype percentage 0.99 = 99%
3. A virus that has a frequent rate of mutation would be more able to avoid the immune
system because its mutation would be new(foreign) to the body and will cause it to have
a better chance of surviving than a virus the body has encountered and fought off before.
4. Yes. Due to evolution of the boll weevil the insecticide becomes ineffective. Over time
the boll weevil is exposed to the same insecticide and those who survive due to natural
selection reproduce and pass genes on that are more resistant to the insecticide. As a
result of the genetic change in the boll weevil the insecticide no longer has an effect on
future generations.
5. The second farmer uses more pesticide and caused the insects to be exposed to more
initially. Those insects who survived were more fit and reproduced. Because they were
exposed to a larger dose of insecticide the genes that were passed on were stronger and
more resistant to the pesticide. Over time those genes caused the insects to adapt to their
environment at a faster rate than the insects in the first farmers crops.
6. a = frequency of a allele in population ?? = q
10 no antennae
(aa)
1000 snails

180 heterozygous w/ antennae

(Aa)

10/1000 = 0.01

180/1000 = 0.18

810 homozygous w/ antennae

(AA)
810/1000 = 0.81

q = 0.1
7. Including oxygen would have changed the results on the Stanley Miller experiment.
Oxygen would have reacted with the methane, ammonia and hydrogen and caused a
change in oxidation-reduction reactions.
8. Extinction of a species occurs over a long period of time. There are several causes of a
species becoming extinct. Over time species adapt to their environment and some causes
of their death in the past may not occur in future generations because of evolution.
During this time species are also reproducing. The population is adapting to the
environment and learning what it takes to survive, passing on genes that will affect

survival and reproducing. The total number of species is increasing because the rate of
death may be smaller than the rate of adapting and evolution.
9. Reproductive isolation between species is maintained by isolating mechanisms
prezygotic isolation and postzygotic isolation. They both prevent gene flow between
different species.
10. The female prefers the bright feathered males because they are more attractive than the
dark feathered males. Similar to some humans choosing a mate by looks and features, the
selective advantage is attractive male birds carry genes that the females want their
offspring to inherit which will allow them to be more fit and have a higher probability of
reproducing.