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VoltmeterandAmmeterusingPICMicrocontroller
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VoltmeterandAmmetercanbeeasilymadeusingPICMicrocontrollerhavingADC(AnalogtoDigital
Converter).IamusingPIC16F877AandtheresultisdisplayedonanLCDDisplay.PIC16F877Ais
enoughifyoudothisprojectonlyfortestingpurposes.IsuggesttousePICwithlowpinnumbers
andmultiplexed7segmentdisplayifyouwishtousethisasyourmeasuringinstrument.
IfyoudontknowthebasisofPICADCandLCDInterfacingpleasereadthefollowingarticles.
ADCmoduleinPICMicrocontroller(https://electrosome.com/analogtodigitalconverterpic/)
LCDInterfacingwithPICMicrocontroller(https://electrosome.com/lcdpicinterfacing/)
ADCmoduleofPICMicrocontrollerconvertstheSignalsonitsanalogpinto10bitbinarydataandit
has software selectable high and low voltage reference input to some combination of VDD, VSS,
RA2andRA3.TheanaloginputtoPICislimitedtoVSSandVDDvoltages(05V)ofPIC.
Thiscircuitisdesignedtomeasure0to30V.Sowewillmap0to30Vto0to5Vbyusingavoltage
divider.Currentthroughacircuitcanbemeasuredbyintroducinga1ohmresistorandmeasuring
thevoltageacrossit.Tominimizethepathresistancewewilluse.47ohmspecialresistorwithfuse
(showninfigure)andcurrentiscalculated.VoltageandCurrentSamplingcircuitisshownbelow.

WinstarLCDModule
ManufacturerforTN/STN/TFTLCMQuality&
Customerorienteddesign

When the Input voltage is 30V (max) the voltage across 20K ohm resistor becomes 5V which is
feedbacktotheanalogpinRA2ofthePICMicrocontroller.
(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/11.jpg)The
voltageacross.47ohmresistorisalsofeedbacktotheanalogpin
RA3

via

100K

ohm

resistor.

5.1V

Zener

Diode

(https://electrosome.com/zenerdiodevoltageregulator/) is added
in parallel to these analog input pins to protect PIC from over
voltages.
The ADC module of PIC converts analog input to 10 bit digital number. We want to convert this
digital

to

corresponding

voltage

in

decimal.

(https://electrosome.com/wp
content/uploads/2012/05/2.jpg)
0v=0000
5v=1111
Resolution=(Vref+Vref)/(10241)(asitis10bitADC)
=5/1023
=4.887mV
Thusitmeansthatforachangein4.887mV,thebinaryoutputchangesby1.
SovoltageinputtotheanalogpinofPICcanbecalculatedasfollows
v=ADC_Read(2);//ADCvalueofchannel2(voltage)
i=ADC_Read(3);//ADCvalueofchannel3(current)
V=v*4.89;//ConvertingADCvaluetomV
I=i*4.89;//ConvertingADCvaluetomV

ByusingvaluesVandIwecancalculatetheInputVoltageandCurrentacrosstheLoad(Connected
acrossOutputterminals).
Voltageacross20Kresistor=V
Currentthrough20K=V/20K
InputVoltage=Currentthrough20K*120K(CurrentflowingtoPICcanbeneglected)
Thus,
V=(V/20)*120;

Voltageacross0.47ohmresistor=V
CurrentthroughLoad=Currentthrough0.47ohmresistor=V/0.47
Thus,

I=I/0.47
TodisplaytheresultsinLCDDisplayweneedtoconvertthesereadingsintostring,weusetheuser
definedfunctionlook()forit.Itconvertseachdigitinthereadingtocorrespondingcharacter(seethe
sourcecode).

CircuitDiagram

(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/voltmeterpic.png)
Note:VDDandVSSofthepicmicrocontrollerisnotshowninthecircuitdiagram.VDDshouldbe
connectedto+5VandVSStoGND.

MikroCCode

//LCDmoduleconnections
sbitLCD_RSatRB5_bit;
sbitLCD_ENatRB7_bit;
sbitLCD_D4atRC4_bit;
sbitLCD_D5atRC5_bit;
sbitLCD_D6atRC6_bit;
sbitLCD_D7atRC7_bit;

sbitLCD_RS_DirectionatTRISB5_bit;
sbitLCD_EN_DirectionatTRISB7_bit;
sbitLCD_D4_DirectionatTRISC4_bit;
sbitLCD_D5_DirectionatTRISC5_bit;
sbitLCD_D6_DirectionatTRISC6_bit;
sbitLCD_D7_DirectionatTRISC7_bit;
//EndLCDmoduleconnections

charlook(inta)
{
switch(a)
{
case0:
return'0';
case1:
return'1';
case2:
return'2';
case3:
return'3';
case4:
return'4';
case5:
return'5';
case6:
return'6';
case7:
return'7';
case8:
return'8';
case9:
return'9';
default:
return'.';
}
}

voidmain()
{
unsignedintv,vp,ip,i;
char*volt="00.0";
char*current="0.00";
CMCON=0x07;
TRISA=0xFF;
ADCON1=0x00;
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);

do
{
v=ADC_Read(2);
i=ADC_Read(3);
i=(i*4.89)/0.47;
v=((v*4.89)/20)*120;
if(v!=vp||i!=ip)
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
vp=v;
ip=i;
volt[0]=look(v/10000);
volt[1]=look((v/1000)%10);
volt[3]=look((v/100)%10);
Lcd_Out(1,1,"Voltage=");
Lcd_Out(1,11,volt);
Lcd_Out(1,16,"V");

current[0]=look(i/1000);
current[2]=look((i/100)%10);
current[3]=look((i/10)%10);
Lcd_Out(2,1,"Current=");
Lcd_Out(2,11,current);
Lcd_Out(2,16,"A");
Delay_ms(250);
}while(1);
}

YoumayalsouseIntToStr()toconvertintegertostring

DownloadHere
Youcandownloadthehexfile,MikroCsourcecode,Proteusfilesetchere
Voltmeter

and

Ammeter

using

PIC

Microcontroller

(https://electrosome.com/wp

content/uploads/2012/05/VoltmeterandAmmeterusingPICMicrocontroller.zip)

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