ABSTRACT

The experiment is to study the effect of temperature and reaction time to determine the
relationship between reaction rate with conversion, reactor volume and feed rate. The reaction
started when Ethyl Acetate and NaoH were mixed with equal volume by using continuous stirred
tank reactor at 30 C. After 1 minute the first 50mL sample of solution is collected and thus
undergo the titration process with 0.1M Naoh. The sample is taken again for minutes 5, 10, 15,
20 and 25 consecutively. The amount of NaoH been used in that titration has been recorded in
result. The same procedures were repeated for different temperature. All the result has been
recorded, thus calculation is made and the graph were plotted based on the results. By the graph
we can determine the rate of the reaction.
INTRODUCTION
Chemical reaction and reactor design are important in producing almost all in industrial
chemicals. The selection of a reaction system that operates in the safest and most efficient way is
the key to success or failure of a chemical plant. Reactor is the equipment that changes the raw
materials to the product that we want. A good reactor will give a high production and
economical. One of criteria to design or to choose a reactor knows the effectiveness of the
reactor itself. There are many reactors depending on the nature of the feed materials and
products. One of the most important we need to know in the various chemical reaction is the rate
of reaction.
The reaction occurred in a reactor is exothermic or endothermic. A reactor is generally assembled
with a jacket or coil in order to maintain the temperature in the reactor. If the heat is evolved due
to exothermic reaction, a coolant stream is required to pass through the jacket or coil to remove
the extra heat. On the other hand, if endothermic reaction occurs in the stream, the flow of
heating medium is passing through jacket or coil for maintain the reaction temperature. A reactor
operates at constant temperature, then that is called as the isothermal reactor. If any exothermic
or endothermic reactions are involved in the reactor mixture varies with time and we need to
develop the energy balance equation for this non-isothermal reactor.
In adiabatic reactor, no interchange of heat occurs between the system and surroundings. Thus no
heating and cooling medium is required. A chemical reactor is a vessel where reactions are

carried out purposely to produce products from reactants by means of one or chemical reactions.
A chemical reactor may be characterized by the mode operation according to the flow condition.
In this experiment, the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor has been used to conduct a chemical
process.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of the temperature on reaction rate constant, k, for the batch reaction and
determine the activation energy of saponification.
THEORY
The continuous stirred tank reactor or back mix reactor is ery common processing unit chemical
and polymer series. Its names suggest, it is reactor in which in the contnts are well stirred and
uniform throughout. The CSTR is normally run at steady state, and usually quite well mixed. The
CSTR is generally modeled as having no spatial variations in concentrations, temperature, or
reaction rate throughout the vessel.Since the temperature and concentration are identical
everywhere within the reaction vessel, they are the same exits point as they are elsewhere in the
tank.

Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) Assumptions:

1. Perfect mixing;
2. constant density (valid for most liquids; valid for gases only if there is no net change in the
number of moles or drastic temperature change)
3. Constant volume, therefore, the flow rate in = flow rate out
Reactor sizing

Here we will assume that we will be given -rA= f(X) and FA0. In chapter 3 we show how to find
-rA= f(X).
Given -rA as a function of conversion,-rA=f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by
constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either

or

as a function of X. For

vs.

X, the volume of a CSTR and the volume of a PFR can be represented as the shaded areas in
the graph.
Increasing the temperature can cause the rate of reaction also increase. An increase of
temperature typically doubles the rate reaction. In chemical reaction a low temperature the
molecules collide with each other, but bounce apart. If, however, molecules collide at high
temperature, bonds may broken and new molecules formed. Collision theory states that three
conditions must be met for a reaction to occur:

Molecules must collide with one another

Molecules must have the right orientation

Molecules must have sufficient energy

Every reaction has an energy barrier. The fact that is reaction increases with increasing
temperature suggests that only molecules with sufficient energy are able to react. The
energy barrier or minimum energy a molecule must posses to overcome this barrier called
activation energy which is can be shown in Arhenius Law Equation:

REFERENCE
1. Stenstrom,M.K (2003). Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Theory. Los Angeles: Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department
2. Fogler, H. (2010). Continous-Flow Reactors. In Essentials of Chemical Reaction
Engineering:Mole Balances (p.4). Prentice Hall
3. Tan,Y.T., Loh,W.L., Kathirasan Muniandy. (2010) Ace ahead chemistry volume 1.

Selangor,Malaysia : Oxford Fajar