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,
,
.
,

A
H
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B
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P
W
C
J
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D
K
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L M N
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MPEG
MPEG
MPEG
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WEB SERVER INTRANET CLIPBOARD BOOT BROWSER AVI TCP/IP PAPER JAM TASKBAR GATEWAY CHIPSET FIREWALL MPEG
AC Adapter:
(lternating Current Adapter) O . , , 50 60

. ,
.
AC:
(Alternating Current) . 60 .
Access Time:
. ,
. chip . , chip
DRAM (dynamic random access memory)
50 150ns (nanoseconds, 1ns = 1 ). chip SRAM (Static RAM) 5 10ns. , ,
ms (milliseconds, 1 ms = 1 ).
10ms.
ACPI:
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. (power management), Intel,

Microsoft Toshiba,
Windows. To ACPI . ACPI Windows .
ActiveX:
controls Visual Microsoft (Visual Basic, Visual C++, J++),

Web.
Active-atrix Display:
T (LCD flat-panel), ,
(Passive-Matrix). ctive-atrix TFT.
ADC:
(Analog to Digital Converter) .
ADF:
(Automatic Document Feeder)

. ADF
, DB9 mini-DIN.
ADSL:
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

,
. ADSL
- , , .
, 512Kbps 6Mbps.
downstream ( ), upstream ( ) 16 640Kbps.
AGP:
Accelerated Graphics Port.

Intel. ,
. PCI ,
.
R:
R (Audio Modem Riser) slot ,

Intel. AMR , , modems
(Soft-modems),
.
Anti-aliasing:

. .
API:
(Application Programming Interface)

.
APM:
Advanced Power Management ( ).

(notebooks), (, ..) , .
Applet:
-, , ,
Windows. To Java Applets Java.
Archie:
anonymous FTP
sites.
ASCII:
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) , 7-bit ( 7

0 1).
128 .
ATA:
Advanced Technology Attachment. A ,

.
ATX:
motherboards.
baby AT
90 .
,
A

connectors motherboard.
Average Latency:

,
.
average latency.
AVI:
Audio Video Interleave. standard format video

Microsoft. T avi
320x240 pixels 30 frames per second.
format,
,
hardware. , Indeo Cinepak.
B
Backbone:
bus,
. . Internet,
.
Bad sector:
sectors - ( ),
clusters, tracks, . , .

, .
Bandwidth:

. bandwidth bits (bps) bytes . bandwidth
(Hertz - Hz). bandwidth
(/). ,

bus bandwidth. ,
buses , AGP USB.
BASIC:
Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Ins-truction Code. MS-DOS.

BASIC
.
BBS:
(bulletin board system)

modem .
Benchmark:

.
benchmarks .
benchmark,
.
BIOS:
Basic Input/Output System. BIOS

( motherboard), / . ,
ROM chip, . , BIOS
flash memory chip .
Bit mapping:
,
. , bit
, ,
bits. bits
, .
BNC:
. ,
,
. BNC ,
10Base-2. BNC

. -- .
Boolean Logic:
,
Boole, (
1 0).
,

. Boolean .
Booster:
( UPS)
UPS , .
Boot Sector:
Boot
. boot
sector ,
.
Boot:
ootstrap. . , ,
. boot. boot , , .
Browser:
Web browser. ,
Web. browsers Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet
Explorer. graphical browsers, , , . browsers
, Internet
multimedia . , , video sites.
Buffer:

hardware , .
B
Bug:

1940
. (bugs)
,
.
Lieutenant Grace Hopper 1945 Harvard
electrical relays Mark II Aiken Relay
Calculator .

.
Bus Mastering:
(high bandwidth), PCI,

. ,
.
(bus). bus masters ,
Bus Mastering. Bus Mastering,

.
, , , .
Bus Mastering

. ,
, , .
Bus:
(1) ,
.
(internal) bus
CPU . , , expansion
bus,
CPU. system bus. buses
: data bus address bus.

. bus
. MHz
bit.
(2) , bus ,
(LAN). backbone.
C
Cache:
(. )
,
. cache
, . ,
.
Caching:
cache ,
,
.
CAD-CAM:
(Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing)

, .
CCD:
(Charge Coupled Device)

, scanners . chip CCD .
CDDB:
(Compact Disk Data Base) , . 1993

Ti Kan
Internet Server. H CDDB CDs CD
.
CD-I:
CD format Philips .
CD-i CD,
. CD-i ,
, , video animation, , Philips.
CD-R drive:
Compact Disk Recordable drive. ,

CDs. drive,

CD-ROM.
CD-ROM drive
CD CD audio. CD-R drive
IDE SCSI
.
CD-RW:
(Compact Disk ReWritable) T CDs, Orange Book III.

CD-RW disk, CDs DVD-ROM. CD-RW drives CDs,
(DE, SCSI) (USB, SCSI, ).
- ,
. CD-RW -
laser, Write Power ( ), Erase Power ( ) Read Power ( ).
CGI:
Common Gateway Interface.

World Wide Web server CGI.
CGI .
, C,
Perl, Java Visual Basic. CGI
, Web server
. , HTML
, CGI
.
CGI script,
. Web server
scripts, server .
Chipset:
(chip) . chipsets
CPU motherboard
, modem ..
chipsets
, .
Client:
client ()
client/server. ,
Internet client servers sites .
Clipboard:
, , . Clipboard .
, , , Clipboard
, , Clipboard, . Windows
Clipboard
.
Cluster:
H ,
blocks, .
CMYK:
CMYK . Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, blacK. CMYK - RGB (Red, Green, Blue). RGB,
,
, CMY, .
RGB , , ,
CMYK, .
Cobol:
(COmmon Business Oriented Language) High-level , . 1960

high-level Fortran.
C
Codec:
compressor/decompressor.

video. codecs MPEG, M-JPEG Indeo.
Composite:
video, (
, , , ,
).
Controller:
, . hardware software
.
CRC:
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking) . ,

16 3 2
, .
.
, . , .
CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube):
o .
,
. , (dots)
, .
,
,
.
D
Database:
,
.
DC:
(Direct Current)
Decoder:
, , .
video
MPEG-2, . hardware,
software .
Dial Up Adapter:
T Dial Up Networking Windows 95 (network adapter card) Dial Up Adapter

.
Digitize:
H . , scanners (digitize) , .
DIMM:
Dual In-line Memory Module. ,

chips . bus -CPU
64bit 32bit SIMMs (Single In-line Memory
Module). Pentium bus
64bit, SIMMs , DIMMs
.
DMA:
Direct Memory Access. , CPU. DMA,

-
real-time.
DNS:
Domain Name System. Internet servers

Web Internet.
Dot pitch:
,
.
, . , .
0,28 0,25mm.
, , demos , .
DPI:
Dots Per Inch. . ,

.
. 600dpi,
600
(1
2,5 ).
Driver:
Software
, .
Drum:
() laser,
, .
DSML:
DSML (Directory Service Markup Language) directory services (LDAP) XML,

.
AOL-Netscape, Sun Microsystems, Oracle, Novell, Microsoft IBM.
DSP:
(Digital Signal Processor) .

, .
DVD:
Digital Versatile Disc Digital Video Disc. CD-ROM,

4,7GB ,
2 .
DVD CD-ROMs, .
DVD-RAM:
DVDs DVD-RAM
Book E,
- .
DVD-RAM disks ( ) 2,6GB
, DVD-RAM 5,2GB, DVD-RAM
. DVD-RAM disk,
cartridge
124,6mm x 135,5mm x 8mm. DVD-RAM drives
DVDs.
Download:
,
Upload, .
Internet
. O
. ,
E
EDL:
(Edit Decision List)

video

video.
Enhanced IDE:
IDE, . IDE -Integrated Drive Electronics

( )- interface PC. standard
NSI AT Attachment,

.
Expanded Memory:
, software
, EMS (Extended Memory System) .
expanded extended .
Extended Memory:
H Megabyte
F
FAT:
(File Allocation Table)

(formatted) .
cluster , ,
cluster, .
, -
.
FIFO:
FIFO (first-in, first out)

( ),
.
Firewall:
firewall
.
FireWire:
Frame buffer:
To bit-mapped
( bit-mapping) . frame buffer
.
motherboard, frame buffer
.
Frame:
1. . 2.
, . 3.
Web browser ,
-.
FTP:
T File Transfer Protocol.

Internet.
FireWire external bus , 400Mbps. Apple Texas Instruments

, hot swapping , multimedia
, . Y Plug and Play,
FireWire, . FireWire
1394,
( I-Link Lynx) .
Flash Memory:
, . , , chip.
Flicker:
, . (interlaced)

.
FMD-ROM:
by Constellation 3D Inc.
(C3D). 140GB.
215
CD-ROM 23 DVD-ROM.
Format:
H (, , ) ,
.
FPS:
Frames per second. O

( ) video
. , , video. frame
(). video, 20 frames .
G
Gateway:
hardware software, . , gateways , .
GDI:
(Graphic Device Interface) GDI Windows

. GDI printers

, .
Grayscale:
,
256 ,
.
GSM:
Global System for Mobile communications.

.
GSM ,
(Time Division
Multiplexing)
. , . GSM 1991. 1997
100 standard .
GUI (Graphical User nterface):
,
,
. Windows
GUI.
, DOS UNIX. GUI,
, .
GUI Xerox 1970
1980,
Apple Macintosh. GUI :
(pointer), (pointing device),
(icons), (desktop), (windows)
.

10
H
HAL:
(Hardware Abstraction Layer) API, hardware.
Half duplex:
,
.
Hand held computer:
/ .
HDTV:
HDTV (High Definition TeleVision, Advanced TV

ATV)
35mm
Compact Disc. DTV
.
ATV. , HDTV
MPEG-2.
HUB:
() .
HUBs
( )
(LAN). ,
UB, . HUBs.
,

. HUBs (Intelligent anageable) , (administrator)

. HUBs switching ,
.
HEL:
(Hardware Emulation Layer) HEL Direct3D

(hardware).

hardware .
HMA Memory:
High Memory Area - 64 kilobytes extended .
HTML:
(HyperText Markup Language) Web sites. , , , , animation ..

.
HTTP:
(HyperText Transfer Protocol) , World Wide Web. To HTTP . ,

(e-mail), Web servers
browsers . HTTP
, . .

11
I
IC:
(Integrated Circuit - ) chip- - . integrated circuit 50

Jack Kilby Texas Instruments Robert Noyce Fairchild
Semiconductor. ICs , , video, .

, :
SSI (small-scale integration): 100 chip
MSI (medium-scale integration): 100 3.000 chip
LSI (large-scale integration): 3.000 100.000 chip
VLSI (very large-scale integration): 100.000 1.000.000
chip
ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): 1.000.000
chip
Interface:
software, interface
(, ), () software
. hardware,
interface () software ()
.
Interlacing:
1) , . interlaced

( ).
, . ,
.
, ,
video, ,
flickering.
2) , . , . Web, ,
, -
( )- , .
Interpolation:
() pixels .
pixel .
Intranet:
Web site,
. ntranet
, , ,
Internet. ntranet
, Browser
(Windows, Mac, UNIX),

ntranet. ,
Java.
Intranet:
.
(LAN
- Local Area Network)
Internet.
, , ,
Internet.
IP Address:
TCP/IP.
TCP/IP, . ,
(000.111.222.333) 0 255. ,

. , , Internet,
,
.
.
IrDA:
Infrared Data Association. . ,

,
.
standard
, .

, . , . IrDA .
IRQ:
Interrupt ReQuest line. IRQs (hardware) ,

. ,

IRQ. CPU.
IRQ conflicts,
, .
, , Plug-and-Play
.
ISA:
Industry Standard Architecture. (bus) IBM PC/XT PC/AT standard. 1993 Intel Microsoft Plugand-Play ISA. To
. jumpers
DIP switches .
12
I
ISDN:
ntegrated Services Digital Network. standard

, video . ISDN 64kbps.
ISP:
Internet Service Provider.

Internet (). ,
, (password) ,
.
.

13
J
Java / JavaScript:
Java , ,
, Java Virtual
Machine . JavaScript Java
Web
interactive .
Java Virtual Machine:
browsers Java,
byte Java (
)
. Java Virtual Machine (Windows, Unix, Macintosh OS),
browser
, , ,
Java ( Java applets) .
Jitter:
flickering ,
, . jittering
,
,
monitor
. jittering
, Jitter buster.
JPEG:
(Joint Photographic Experts Group - . -)

JPEG, lossy ( ) .
95%, .
Jumper:
, . , jumper ,

pins . jumpers motherboards.

14

K56flex:
Lucent Technologies Rockwell

International 56Kbps . ,

33,6Kbps.

15
L
LAN:
(Local Area Network). T

(, ) ,
.
LAN , , , ..
Log In:
E , . . / .
.
LBA:
Logical Block Addressing.

, .
, , .
LCD:
Liquid Crystal Display. T , , , ,

. ,
.
, , . , : , .
LCD.
, assive-atrix ctive-atrix TFT,
.
LF:
Low Frequency (). LF

Dolby Pro Logic . LF
( 5.1) .
LIFO:
LIFO (last-in, first out)

( ),
.
Light pen:
, .
, .
. , ,
, .
Line-interactive:
UPS
, .
Links:
links () Web ( ,
, ),
, ,
Web browser.

16
M
Macro:
Motherboard:
Magneto Resistive - MR:
Motion-JPEG:
macroinstruction , . , , , .
- .
, ,
.
Mailbox:
, (e-mail) .
Megapixel:
. Megapixel pixels. , , .. , 4Megapixels

, 4 pixels
2000x2000pixels.
Micron:
, .
. , transistors
chip, microns. , chips
0,25micron, chips
0,18micron.
MIDI:
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. standard

, synthesizers
. format MIDI
, . MIDI
synthesizers, synthesizer,
. MIDI interface,
synthesizer,
.
(PCB - Printed Circuit

Board), , , .
(Moving Picture Experts Group) video , . ( extension .mpg),
viewer.
P3:
MP3 , . multimedia, MPEG. - , ,

. MP3 MPEG-Layer 3, .
MPEG:
Moving Picture Experts Group. (ISO) . standards

video formats
. o MPEG video formats Video for Windows, Indeo Quick Time.
T MPEG ,
frame frame. H
, , . standard ,
MPEG-2,
1280x720pixels, 60fps CD. hardware
.
MTBF:
ean Time Between Failures. ,

.
MIME:
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.

ASCII, Internet. 1992 IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force). e-mail ,
video Internet. S/
MIME .
MMX:
(MultiMedia eXtension) 57 P55C (Pentium ) PII

, , video ..

17
N
Nanometer:
, . Nanometer
.
NetBEUI:
et BIOS Extended User Interface. To ,

Microsoft
LAN server.
NetBIOS interface
.
NIC:
Network Interface Card. , hardware, ,

.
NTSC:
(National Television Standards Committee)

, 1953
. 525 60 . NTSC PC.

18
O
bject Code:
assembler, . /.
OCR:
Optical Character Recognition.

.

. (scanner) , . , .
Overlay:
Video overlay.
(video) . ,
.
ODBC:
Open DataBase Connectivity.

Microsoft standard.
ODBC ,
. database driver
format .
OEM:
Original Equipment Manufacturer. , .

, PC
. , , ,
(Manufacturers) . ,
, ( ..) . ,
OEM, .
( )
.
Off-line/standby UPS:
UPS,
, (
).
OpenGL:
(3-D),
Silicon Graphics.
: Cosmo OpenGL Silicon
Graphics, Microsoft OpenGL Microsoft.
Windows
standard. H
Cosmo OpenGL (software-only)
.
OSD:
(On-Screen Display) OSD monitor . .

19
P
PAL:
Phase Alternating Line. . PAL frame rate 25fps frame

576 pixels 768 . PAL,
SECAM ,
standard NTSC.
Paper jam:
, .
, ,
paper jam.
Partition Table:
, .
Partition:
H . ,

, partitions. DOS Windows
, partition .

.
Pass-through:
(.. ),
,
I/O card PC.
Patch:
() bug
. patch , , (.exe).
PCB:
Printed Circuit Board. H , chips

.
.
PCBs, .
.
(motherboard) (expansion boards).
PCI:
Peripheral Component Interconnect. (bus) Intel. PCI VLB (

) , ISA bus. To PCI 64-bit, 32-bit 33 66MHz.
32-bit 33MHz 133bps.
ISA.
PCL:
Printer Control Language. ,

Hewlett Packard laser inkjet . PCL 5
scalable font.
PCM track:
DVD NTSC. PCM
- (Pulse Code
Modulation). - , . PCM , 8000 ,
8bits 64Kbps. -
2 standards : Mu-Law . , A-Law
.
PDF:
Portable Document Format. Adobe Systems. PDF (capture)

. .pdf
, Acrobat
Reader Adobe.
PING:
Packet Internet Groper. IP (Internet Protocol) , .

. (command prompt) DOS
ping IP ( 255.255.255.255).
Pixel:
PICTure ELement. pixel

. pixels,

. pixel
: , ( RGB
- Red Green Blue). ,
. , , ,
, , .
POP:
(1) Post Office Protocol.

e-mail mail server. standard . POP POP2 , POP3
. POP2 SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) , POP3, .
(2) Point Of Presence. . , Internet. Internet
POPs
, .
PostScript:
Object oriented (Page Description Language)

, Adobe. ,
laser
. standard desktop publishing.
bit
maps. PostScript (font)
(outline).
fonts (scalable),
bit map .
20
P
PPP:
(Point-to-Point Protocol) interface. server

. PPP SLIP, , .
Proxy Server:
,
Internet, (account) .

21
Q
QuickTime:
video animation Apple Computer Macintosh. PCs QuickTime

QuickTime driver. QuickTime
formats ( Cinepak, JPEG, MPEG),
1998 ISO Quicktime
MPEG-4 standard.

22
R
R:
Random Access Memory.

.

. RAM .
RAMDAC:
Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter. DAC

- chip- . RAMDAC chip
,
, . RAMDAC : chip SRAM (Static RAM)
, DACs (RGB, ,
, ) .
Regional codes:
regional coding
, DVDs.
regional codes ( ) byte , DVD player
DVD player. regional codes
DVD.
Rendering:
, , ..
rendering. ray tracing, render
, scanline rendering, render
. ,
.
Resident Programs:
RISC:
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. . ,

RISC.
.
software .
ROM:
Read Only Memory. H

,
,
.

23
S
Sample rate:
,
Nyquist: .
Hertz (samples/sec).
Scalable font:
(fonts) object
oriented, Postscript. font
(outline), fonts
(scalable) bitmap
.
Scanner:
-- , ,
, ,
. scanner ( )
. CR (Optical Character
Recognition) ,

.
Script:
macro () batch file ( ).

. script (script language)
, scripts.
SCSI:
Small Computer System Interface. To SCSI interface standard

Apple Macintosh computers, PCs UNIX systems .
().
SECAM:
SEquential Couleur A Memoire.

, 625 ( 50Hz)
, .
Sector:
. , , . , () .
-sectors-,
.
Self test:
UPSes. ,

.
Server:
A , , .
SGRAM:
Synchronous Graphic Random Access Memory. , .

SGRAM bus CPU 100MHz.
bandwidth
.
, .
Singletrack - ultitrack:
video .
SLIP:
(Serial Line Internet Protocol) interface. PPP , , script,

(username password) server,
( PPP login ). SLIP
PPP.
Slot:
motherboards
. ,
expansion slots, , . slots bays,
,
CD-ROMs. slots ,
bays, .
Smoothing:
, . dots
.
SMS:
Short Message Service. , ,

.
Sniffer:
sniffers ,
logs . sniffers
(. ) .
Splitter:
(Y-Splitter):
SSL:
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

Netscape .
private key . Netscape Navigator
Internet Explorer. SSL
, credit card numbers
. SSL,
https: http:.
24
S
String:
. string
.
Superimposed/overlay:
video . clips ,
. clips
alpha channels.
S-Video:
Super-Vide. video
, video : .
Swap File:
A
, .
. ,
,
, .

25
T
T1:
E, (dedicated phone line)

1.544Mbits
. T-1 24 ,
64Kbits
, .
T-1 Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) Internet. T-1 DS1.
Taskbar:
(toolbar),
(tasks). . Windows 95/98/NT
Taskbar ,
. (minimize),
Taskbar, ,
. Taskbar

.
TCP/IP:
Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol. To Ethernet network layer transport
layer. H , Internet.
Teletext:
, . ,
.
teletext , frames.
Template:
, , . ,

.
Texel: Texture Element.
pixel, texel
. , pixel, .
Texture map:
texture. (,
, .).
Texture:
. textures
. texture .
TFT:
hin Film Transistor. T (LCD flat-panel) ,

pixel transistors. TFT

. TFT
ctive-atrix LCDs.
Thin Film Inductive - TFI:
MR . ,
.
.
Thumbnail:
1.
.
, thumbnails , .
2. .
( ),
bandwidth.
TIFF:
Tagged Image File Format.

bit-mapped . .tif
, , (gray-scaled).
format PCs
Apple.
Timeline:
video, clip,
.
Toner:

laser .
(.. laser) , .
Track:
, ,
video .
Transfer Rate (Data Transfer Rate):
,
. megabytes (/sec).

Kbps (Kilobits per second, bits ), Mbps and Gbps.
Transitions:
video.
True Color:
True color . , true color 24bit (16.111.216 ) 32bit

(4.294.967.296 ).
26
T
True Type:
TSR:
Terminate and Stay Resident. DOS utility , , .
TV board/TV tuner:
. ,
.
, USB,
, teletext.
(PAL) .
TWAIN Driver:
TWAIN Technology Without An Important Name

( ). TWAIN
, scanners, software .

27
U
UART:
Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter.

, .
UART . , modem
UART, UART . modems UART
.
Ultra ATA:
Ultra-DMA/33. A ,

33,3bps.
User Interface:
,
, /.
UTP:
Unshielded Twisted Pair. .

,
.
. ,
.
bandwidth
, , , .
ULTRA DMA/33:
Quantum Intel. standard

IDE. 33,3MB , . Ultra DMA/33. ,
UDMA, UDMA/33 DMA mode 33. , Ultra DMA/66, IDE.
UPS:
Uninterruptible Power Supply.

- - . UPS

, , ,
. UPSes
: SPSes (Standby Power Systems) Online. SPSes
, . On-line UPSes
- ,
,
.
USB (Universal Serial Bus):

, 1996. , 12Mbps (illion bits per
second). USB 127 , , , , , scanners,
.. , USB Plug-andPlay hot plugging,
, ,
. USB
.
USB Hub:
To hardware
USB.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) .

28
V
V.90:
modems 56Kbps,
1998 (ITU, International
Telecommunication Union). V.90
56Kbps,
2 3COM 56flex Rockwell.
V.90. , modem 56Kbps,
software, V.90.
VGA:
Video Graphics Adapter. ,

640x480 pixels 16 .
Video bandwidth:
H video bandwidth . , ,
, video bandwidth dots
.
VideoCD:
, video . format
CDs , Video CDs
, .
VideoCD, VideoCD players CD drives,
15 30 . ,
, VideoCD
- .
VOD:
Video-on-Demand, , video server

. VoD , .
VoD .
VRM:
(Voltage Regulator Module).

motherboard ,
.
motherboards VRM, .

, .
VRML:
Virtual Reality Modeling Language. World Wide Web. HTML, . VRML, VRML browser Web browser (MS Internet Explorer, Netscape
Navigator ..) VRML plug-in. VRML 2.0
1996.
VxD:
Virtual Device Driver. software

, .
Videoconferencing:
PC,
,
hardware
software.
Virtual Machine Manager (VMM):
software Windows 95, driver, ,

.
Virtual machine:
,
.
Virtual Reality:
,

.
VLB:
VESA Local Bus. (bus),

Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA).
1993 1994, PCI ( PCI).

29
W
WAP:
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) standard Internet ,

.
WAV:
(Windows Audio Video) PCM , Microsoft

.
Web Server:
clients
site .
Wildcard character:
, Wildcards. (special symbol) .

(*). wildcards
(files) (directories).
wildcards .
, . DOS Windows,
w, w*
, w.
, .doc w*.doc, .doc,
w.
WINS:
Windows Internet Naming Service. software Net Bios P. H P 32bit

Server Internet.
WLAN:
(Wireless Local Area Network). (, ..) -

. -
.

,
.
WPS:
(Windows Print System) Microsoft

driver , - Windows.
WYSIWYG:
( wiz-ee-wig): What You See Is What

You Get.
,
. , WYSIWYG, ..
Web, ,

.

30
Z
ZIP:
. ZIP, ZIP files

.ZIP. zip -,
.EXE, ,
.

31


.
, .
.
(resolution):
.
,
.
(dots per inch - dpi, ).
,
, pixels ( ), . 800x600 800 pixels () 600 pixels.
A
:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). .

, .
, .
(quartz), , , . ( ).
, , , ,
MHz.
A
:
, format . ,
, - , ,
, ,
, . , standard , TCP/IP Internet.
hardware software.
A
:

. ,
. ,
, .

.
KHz.
A
(Operating system):
.

.
(tasks), ,
. ,
.
PCs DOS, Windows Linux.
(Cold Cathode Tube) .

32

" , ."
Archie:
Half duplex:
Bad sector:
Hand held computer:
anonymous FTP
sites.
sectors - ( ),
clusters, tracks, . , .

, .
BASIC:
Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Ins-truction Code. MS-DOS.

BASIC
.
Bug:

1940
. (bugs)
,
.
Lieutenant Grace Hopper 1945 Harvard
electrical relays Mark II Aiken Relay
Calculator .

.
,
.
/ .
K56flex:
Lucent Technologies Rockwell

International 56Kbps . ,

33,6Kbps.
Light pen:
, .
, .
. , ,
, .
bject Code:
assembler, . /.
SCSI:
Small Computer System Interface. To SCSI interface standard

Apple Macintosh computers, PCs UNIX systems .
().

33

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)

(lternating Current Adapter) O . , , 50 60

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. (power management), Intel,

controls Visual Microsoft (Visual Basic, Visual C++, J++),

(Analog to Digital Converter) .

(Automatic Document Feeder)

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

downstream ( ), upstream ( ) 16 640Kbps.

Accelerated Graphics Port.

R (Audio Modem Riser) slot ,

(Application Programming Interface)

Advanced Power Management ( ).

(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) , 7-bit ( 7

Advanced Technology Attachment. A ,

Audio Video Interleave. standard format video

Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Ins-truction Code. MS-DOS.

(bulletin board system)

Basic Input/Output System. BIOS

(high bandwidth), PCI,

(Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing)

(Charge Coupled Device)

(Compact Disk Data Base) , . 1993

Compact Disk Recordable drive. ,

(Compact Disk ReWritable) T CDs, Orange Book III.

laser, Write Power ( ), Erase Power ( ) Read Power ( ).

Common Gateway Interface.

(COmmon Business Oriented Language) High-level , . 1960

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking) . ,

CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube):

T Dial Up Networking Windows 95 (network adapter card) Dial Up Adapter

Dual In-line Memory Module. ,

Direct Memory Access. , CPU. DMA,

Domain Name System. Internet servers

Dots Per Inch. . ,

DSML (Directory Service Markup Language) directory services (LDAP) XML,

(Digital Signal Processor) .

Digital Versatile Disc Digital Video Disc. CD-ROM,

(Edit Decision List)

IDE, . IDE -Integrated Drive Electronics

(File Allocation Table)

FIFO (first-in, first out)

T File Transfer Protocol.

FireWire external bus , 400Mbps. Apple Texas Instruments

Frames per second. O

hardware software, . , gateways , .

(Graphic Device Interface) GDI Windows

Global System for Mobile communications.

GUI (Graphical User nterface):

(Hardware Abstraction Layer) API, hardware.

Hand held computer:

HDTV (High Definition TeleVision, Advanced TV

(Hardware Emulation Layer) HEL Direct3D

High Memory Area - 64 kilobytes extended .

(HyperText Markup Language) Web sites. , , , , animation ..

(HyperText Transfer Protocol) , World Wide Web. To HTTP . ,

(Integrated Circuit - ) chip- - . integrated circuit 50

(Windows, Mac, UNIX),

Infrared Data Association. . ,

Interrupt ReQuest line. IRQs (hardware) ,

ntegrated Services Digital Network. standard

Internet Service Provider.

Java Virtual Machine:

(Joint Photographic Experts Group - . -)

Lucent Technologies Rockwell