The American Civil War

1861-1865
"A house divided
against itself cannot
stand I believe this
government cannot
endure, permanently,
half slave and half
free.
-Abraham Lincoln,
1st Inaugural Address-

EVENTS LEADING TO
THE AMERICAN CIVIL
WAR

Slavery Compromises:
Clay, Webster and Calhoun
3/5ths
Compromise
(1789)
5 slaves equal 3
people for the
purposes of
taxation and
representation.

Missouri
Compromise
(1820)
Maine=free Missouri=slave
Free/slave line=36 30

Slavery Compromises:
Clay, Webster and Calhoun
Compromise
1850

CA = free
UT and NM= pop.
sov.
No slave trade in
D.C.
Strengthen Fugitive
Slave Law

Kansas Nebraska Act

(1854)
Kansas and Nebraska=
popular sovereignty
Results in Bleeding Kansas

Abolitionist Movement
William Loyd
Garrison and the
Liberator

Frederick

Douglas and
the North Star

Harriet

Beecher Stowe
and Uncle Toms
Cabin

Sectional Differences
Economy

Populatio
n

Political
Abolition
Tariffs

North
Factories that
produce
manufactured
goods
22 million
mostly urban,
immigrant and
low wage labor
Republican
For
Wanted high to

South
Agriculture,
Plantations that
export cotton
9 million
1/3 were slaves
rural, slave labor
Democrat
Against
Wanted low to

John Browns Raid on

Harpers Ferry

John Brown, an abolitionist, led

an attack on an arsenal in
Virginia, creating southern
paranoia
"This act greatly inflamed the
Southern mind, especially as it was
lauded by the official authorities of
those Northern States which had
refused to comply with their
obligations under the Constitution in
the matter of the rendition of fugitive
slaves."
-Historian A.H. Stephens

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

In 1857 Justice Roger Taney ruled that:
1. Congress could not prohibit slavery
in any territory.
2. Slaves were property regardless of
location and had no rights of
citizenship.

3. All compromises limiting

slavery were unconstitutional

Slavery could exist

anywhere!

Election of 1860:
wins!

Lincoln

Lincolns 1st
Inaugural Address

No state has the

right to secede
U.S. will not stop
enforcing Federal
Laws in the South
No invasion of
forces in the South
Slavery would not
be abolished in
the South

"We are not enemies, but friends.

We must not be enemies. Though
passion may have strained it must
not break our bonds of affection.
The mystic chords of memory,
stretching from every battlefield
and patriot grave to every living
heart and hearthstone all over
this broad land, will yet swell the
chorus of the Union, when again
touched, as surely they will be, by
the better angels of our nature."

Firing on Ft.
Sumter

South Carolina is the first

to secede (leave) the Union
in December 1860
The CSA illustrates the fact that
government rests on the consent of
the governed and that it is our duty
to alter or abolish a government
that denies liberty.

Jefferson Davis elected

President of the Confederate
States of America on Feb. 9,
1861

South Carolina militia

surrounded fort Sumter
When Lincoln ordered a
re-supply of the fort, battle
broke out April 1861,
starting the Civil War!

North

South

Name of
Nation

United States of
America led by
Lincoln

Confederate States
of America led by
Davis

Generals

Ulysses S. Grant

Robert E. Lee

Capital

Washington, D.C.

Richmond, V.A

Military Strategy

Anaconda Plan
-Blockade ports
-Surround and
overwhelm the
South; divide in two

-Wear out the Union

with War of Attrition
-Capture
Pennsylvania to cut
New England in two
-Get world support

Advantages of Each
Side
North

South

Army that was 4 times

Better trained
the size of Souths
generals and soldiers
More Railroads and
Were invaded: so had
Factories
home court, defensive
advantage
More money
Strong Central
Government with a
better skilled
President
Telegraphs, rifles, and
Gatling gun

Advantages Disadvanta
ges

Union

Confeder
acy

More: weapons,
$$, factories,
railroads, food
farms, soldiers,
population,
Lincolns
leadership
Grew more
cotton,
motivated
soldiers, home
field
advantage,

Purpose for
fighting was
not as clear as
the Souths,
timid generals
(in the early
part of the war)
No allies, less
of everything
(population,
weapons, $$,
etc.)

Comparing the North and the South

Railroads

EARLY BATTLES OF
THE CIVIL WAR

Antietam
Maryland 1862 Single
bloodiest day of the war
with 25,000 dead or
wounded
Again and again by charges and
counter-charges, this portion of
field was lost and recovered until
the green corn that grew upon it
looked as if it had been struck by a
storm of bloody hail From sheer
exhaustion, both sides, like battered
and bleeding athletes, seemed
willing to rest.
-J. B. Gordon, soldier

Women and
the War Effort

With men at war,

women worked fields
and factories
Susie King Taylor: one
of over 50,000 African
American women who
fought on front lines
Dorthea Dix and Clara
Barton (Red Cross
founder) trained over
3,000 nurses

TURNING POINT AND

EFFECTS OF THE
CIVIL WAR

Emancipation
Proclamation of 1863
Official
statement
made Jan. 1,
1863 by
President
Lincoln
declaring all
slaves in
Confederate
states were
free

Emancipation
Proclamation of
1863 by Lincoln
All slaves captured from [those
in rebellion] or deserted by them
and coming under the control of
the government of the United
States; and all slaves of such
person found or being within any
place occupied by rebel forces
and afterwards occupied by the
forces of the United States, shall
be deemed captives of war, and
shall be forever free of their
servitude, and not again held as

Gettysburg:
Official Turning
Point of the war!
The results of this victory are
priceless. ... The charm of Robert E.
Lee's invincibility is broken.
-Templeton

Lincolns Gettysburg Address, Nov. 1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent, a new
nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated
to the proposition that all men are created
equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war,
testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of
that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of that field, as a final resting place
for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we
should do this to be here dedicated to the
great task remaining before us -- that from
these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they gave

What is the legacy of

the Gettysburg
Address?

Vicksburg

Success of
Anaconda Plan!
July 4, 1863 Grant
surrounds town of
Vicksburg,
Mississippi
Union now has
complete control of
Mississippi River/
splits Confederacy

Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Confederate
General Lee
surrenders to
Union General
Grant at
Appomattox
Courthouse.
The
CONDITIONS
OF THE
Civil War is over.
PEACE TREATY:
1) North will take no
prisoners
2) Supplies and food is given
to the Confederate Troops
3) All troops sent home

Effects of the Civil

War
CASUALTIES:
North: 360,000 die and
275,000 wounded
South: 260,000 die and
260,000 wounded

Lincolns Assassination
Five Days after
Lees surrender,
John Wilkes
Booth
assassinates
Lincoln at Fords
Theatre.
Lincoln dies
April 15, 1865.

13th Amendment ends all

slavery

14

th

Amendment
Guaranteed
rights of
citizenship to
former slaves.
Overturned Dred
Scott Decision.

15th Amendment
Banned race
based voting
qualifications

Reconstruction
Amendments
13
14
Freedom!
15
Free
Citizen
Vote!