Communities

& Biomes
Ch3 Guide
Biotic & Abiotic Factors
Biotic =
 Living
organisms

Abiotic =
 Nonliving

 Soil,Air,Water

 Substrate
1. Comm unit y: Bioti c
factor s

 All the Plants

& Animals
 In a given area

 ? Community

of Del Mar
Forest Community ……
……..
•Deciduous
trees
•Deer
•Fox
•Skunks
•Insects
•Shrubs
•Grasses
Ecosy stem : Both biotic and
abiotic factors in a large area:
2. Limiting Factor
 Limits Growth
 Biotic or

 Abiotic

 Too much or

 Too little
 Ranges of Tolerance
100
 Range over which a
population or
80 organism can
successfully survive
60 & grow
40
 Too much or too
little of an
20 environmental
factor can be
0
limiting
10 15 20 25 30
snail
3. Succession
 Orderly
change
 Over time

 Natural

 Species
Replacement
 In a
community or
ecosystem
Succession communities:
3. Climax
2. Intermediate community
species

1. Pioneer
species
Pioneer species:
 Lichens (algae
& fungi) break
apart rock to
make soil
 Grasses

 Annual flowers

 Mosses
Climax Community: final set of
organisms suited to that climate
Deciduous Climax Forest
San Diego Coastal Sage &
Chaparral Climax Community
 Types of Succession
Primary Secondary
 After a “blowout”
 1 time plants
st
 Re-establish a
or animals are
community
established  Already had
 New island living organisms
 Volcanoes  Fire, flood,

 Bare soil, rock human

disruption
New island= Primary Succession
Secondary Succession will follow!
Primary Or Secondary?
BOTH PRIMARY & SECONDARY have
these Succession communities:

3. Climax
2. Intermediate community
species

1. Pioneer
species
 Biome
 biotic

community
 dominant

plants and
animals
 unique

climate
Biomes of the World
 BIOMES
 Tundra

 Coniferous Forest

 Deciduous Forest

 Desert

 Grassland

 Rainforest
See Biome PP for examples