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TheHorrorsoftheMiddlePassage

McKennaMisko
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InthispaperIseektoasseswhytheMiddlePassagewastheworstpartofthe
TriangularTrade.Pbs.orgsays,[theTriangularTradewas]avoyagethatbeganand
endedinEurope.Thefirstlegofthevoyagecarriedacargothatoftenincludediron,
cloth,brandy,firearms,andgunpowder.UponlandingonAfrica's"slavecoast,"the
cargowasexchangedforAfricans.Fullyloadedwithitshumancargo,theshipsetsailfor
theAmericas,wheretheslaveswereexchangedforsugar,tobacco,orsomeother
product.ThefinallegbroughttheshipbacktoEurope.TheshipsthensailedtotheWest
Indiesandtradedformoresupplies.Finally,fromtheWestIndiestheshipssailedtothe
NewWorld.IarguethatthemiddlepassagewastheworstpartfortheAfrican
AmericansbeingbroughttotheNewWorldtoworkasslaves.Ushistory.orgsays,The
"MiddlePassage",[isknownasthevoyagethat]broughttheslavesfromWestAfricato
theWestIndies.Thehorrorsthattookplaceduringthemiddlepassagecannotbe
summedupinafewwords.Recoveredhistories.orgdescribesthemiddlepassageas,
oneofhistorysmosthorrificchapters,showingthehumancapacityforbothcrueltyand
insensitivityandstrengthandsurvival.Iwillprovethisbyprovidingprimaryevidence
fromslavesthatenduredthemiddlepassage,andbygoingintodetailaboutthehorrific
eventsthatoccurredduringthevoyage.

FirstIwillexplainthestrugglesoftheMiddlePassage.Thegoalforthe
EuropeanswastoaccumulateslavesfromAfrica,sothattheycanworkonplantationsin
theNewWorld.OlaudahEquiano,aNigerianwhowaskidnappedasachild,andbrought

intotheslavetradeoncedescribedtheconditionsofthevoyageas,"Theclosenessofthe
place,andtheheatoftheclimate,addedtothenumberintheship,whichwassocrowded
thateachhadscarcelyroomtoturnhimself,almostsuffocatedus.Thisproducedcopious
perspirations,sothattheairsoonbecameunfitforrespiration,fromavarietyof
loathsomesmells,andbroughtonasicknessamongtheslaves,ofwhichmanydied,thus
fallingvictimstotheimprovidentavarice,asImaycallit,oftheirpurchasers".Slaves
couldn'ttrusteachother,especiallythewomen.ThewomensleptwiththeEuropeanson
deck,andwoulddivulgetheslaves'planstotakeovertheshipinordertogainahigher
status,oravoidabeatinggiventothembythecrewmembers.Slaveswouldbebeaten,
andsometimeskilled.Ifaslavehadthechance,heorshewouldcommitsuicideby
jumpingoverboardbecauseitwasthepreferableoption,ratherthanworkingona
plantationfortherestofoneslife.Ifaslavedidntdiefromabeatingorsuicide,they
diedfromtheharshconditions.Theslavesdescribedthesleepingandeatingconditionsas
intolerableandhorrific.TheAfricanslaveswouldbepackedintoaroom,sleepingontop
ofeachotheratnight.Diseaseswerespread,alongwithdepressionandawishfordeath.
Whenslaverywasabolished,about11millionslaveswerekidnappedfromAfrica,and
nearly2milliondiedontheirwayovertotheNewWorld.TheMiddlePassagehad
negativeeffectsonthewholeglobe.
TheMiddlePassagewasarguablythemosthorrendousvoyage.Millionsofslaves
died,andmanymorewerekidnapped.AsaresultofdecreaseinpopulationinAfrica,
statesandvillagesweredestroyed.Moregroupsfought,andpeacewasobliterated.We
mayknowofthehorrorsthattookplaceduringthevoyage,butwewillnevertrulyhow

terribletheconditionswere.TheMiddlePassageandTriangularTradeasawholeisone
ofthebestrepresentationsofhumanabuseandcruelty.Thepointofthejourneywasto
spreadlaborersaroundAmerica.Itworked,buttheEuropeansdidnotrealizetheeffect
thatithadontheworld.TheMiddlePassagewastheworstpartofthetriangulartrade,
andthemostdangerousandlifescarringvoyagetoevertranspire.

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