DatabaseManagementSystems(DBMS)

Q1.WhataretheadvantagesofusingtheDBMSapproachoverFileProcessingSystem?
Q2.Adatabaseisbeingconstructedtokeeptrackoftheteamsandgamesofsportsleague.Ateamhas
no.ofplayers,notallofwhomparticipateineachgame.Itisdesiredtokeeptrackofplayers
participatingineachgameforeachteam,andtheresultofthatgame.DesignanERschemadiagramfor
thisapplication,statinganyassumptionyoumake.
Q3.ReducetheaboveERdiagramintotables.
Q4.Discusstheentityintegrityandreferentialintegrityconstraints.Whyiseachconsideredimportant?
Q5.WhatdoyoumeanbyOuterJoin?Alsoexplain:
a) LeftOuterJoin
b) RightOuterJoin
c) FullOuterJoin
Q6.WhatarethedifferentDataModels?Alsoexplainitsvarioustypeswithdiagramsandexamples.
Q7.WhatarethedifferentDatabaseUsersandtheirspecificfunctionalities?
Q8.WhatistheroleofDataAdministrator?
Q9.ExplainthevariouslevelsofDataAbstraction.DifferentiatebetweenPhysicalDataIndependence&
LogicalDataIndependence.
Q10.Consideracustomertablewiththefollowingfields:cust_id,cust_name,cust_branch,
cust_account_no.WritethefollowingcommandsinSQL.
(a)Createtheabovetableandinsertfourrows.
(b)Addanewcolumncust_salary&addvaluesinall4rows.
(c)ChangethenameofacustomerfromJohntoJack.
(d)Sortthedataandeliminateduplicaterows.
(e)Createaprimarykeyonthetable.
(f)Listallthetablesindatabase.
(g)Viewallthecolumndefinitionsofthistable.
(h)Countthenoofrows.
(i)Listthecust_account_noofallthecustomerwhosenamestartswithA&hasbranch
Gurgaon.

(j)Deletetherowswhereaddresshasnotbeensupplied.

Q11.Considerthefollowingschema
Boats(bid,bname,color)
Sailors(sid,sname,rating,age)
Reserves(sid,bid,day).
WritethefollowingqueriesusingRelationalAlgebra.
a) Findthenamesofsailorswhohavereservedboat103
b) Findthenameofsailorswhoreservedaredboat
c) FindthecolorofboatsreservedbyDustin
d) Findnamesofsailorswhohavereservedaredoragreenboat
e) Findnamesofsailorswhohavereservedaredandagreenboat
f)

Findthenamesofsailorswhoreservedatleasttwoboats

g) Findthesidsofsailorswithageover20whohavenotreservedaredboat
h) Findthesidsofsailorswhoreservedallboats

Q12.Definethefollowingtermswithreferencetotuplerelationalcalculus.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

TupleVariable
Rangerelation
Atom
Formula
Relation

Q13.Describeindetailsequential,directandindexfileorganizationtechniqueswithrelativemeritsand
demerits.
Q14.Whydoweneedtoprovideforeignkeyconstraints?Howcanyouenforcereferentialintegrity?
Q15.WhatisthedifferencebetweenRelationalAlgebraandRelationalCalculus?Explainthedifferent
operatorsofrelationalalgebra.

Q16.DiscusstheClient/Serverarchitecturewiththehelpofadiagram.Alsoexplainthreetier
architecture.
Q17.WhatdoyoumeanbyFunctionalDependenciesandNormalization?Explainvariouskindsof
Normalization?
Q18.Explain:
a)
b)
c)
d)

ParallelDatabase
DataMiningandDataWarehousing
HashingandBTreeindexfiles
DirectFilesandsequentialfiles

Q20.Comparethedeferredandimmediatemodificationversionsoflogbasedrecoveryscheme.Also
discussintermsofeaseofimplementationandoverheadcost.
Q21.Explainconcurrencycontrolandrecoverysystem.
Q22.Whatisserializability?Whatarethedifferenttypesofserializability?
Q23.ExplaintheBoyceCoddnormalformwithanexample.Alsostatehowitdiffersfromthatof3NF
Q24.Defineatransaction.Thendiscussthefollowingwithrelevantexamples:
1) Areadonlytransaction
2) Areadwritetransaction
3) Anabortedtransaction
Withaneatsketchdiscussthestatesatransactioncanbein.
Q25.Considerthefollowingtwotransaction:

T12:read(A);

read(B);

ifA=0thenB:=B+1;

write(B)

T13:read(B);

read(A);

ifB=0,thenA:=A+1;

write(A);

AddlockandunlockinstructionstotransactionsT12andT13,sothattheyobservethetwophaselocking
protocol.Cantheexecutionofthesetransactionsresultinadeadlock?
Q26.Explainthevariousmappingconstraintsonrelationships.Alsogiveexamples.
Q27.WhatareACIDproperties?Explainindetail.
Q28.Twotransactionsarenotinterleavedinahistoryifeveryoperationofonetransactionprecedes
everyoperationoftheother.GiveanexampleofaserializablehistoryHthathasallofthefollowing
properties:
i)

TransactionsT1andT2arenotinterleavedinH.

ii)T1precedesT2inH.
iii)InanyserialhistoryequivalenttoH2,T2exceedsT1.Thehistorymayincludemorethantwo
transactions.
Q29.Explainthesignificanceofcheckpointsinlogbasedrecovery.
Q30.ExplainthedifferenttypesofkeysinRelationalModel.